building design - the intelligent approach · pdf file · 2017-08-04rigid frame...
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Presentedby:JamesM.Fisher
Copyright©2017SteelJoistIns@tute.AllRightsReserved.
BuildingDesign-TheIntelligentApproach
LearningObjec;ves• Selec&ngtheserviceabilitycriteriaforthehorizontalframingmembers
• Selec&ngthelateraldri7criteria
• Selec&ngthestructuralsystem,i.e.bracedframes,momentframes,shearwalls
• Determiningthetypeofconnec&onstouse
• Designingconnec&onsorestablishingtheirdesigncriteria
• Checkingthatthedesignhasbeencorrectlytransferredontotheconstruc&ondocuments
• ProjectSpecifica&ons
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BuildingDesign-TheIntelligentApproach
Purpose:Thepurposeofthisdiscussionistoinformengineershowtoframebuildings,sothemostcost
effec&vestructureisachieved.
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BuildingDesign-TheIntelligentApproach
• Asadesignerofstructuralsteelbuildings,youareapartofateam:TheteamofEngineers,Fabricators,Detailers,Erectors,andMaterialSuppliers.
• Asmartbuildingisoneinwhichthebuildingperformswell,andtheteammembersandtheownerareallsa&sfiedwiththeresult.Thisgenerallyoccurswhenallteammembersmakeaprofitontheproject,andthebuildingownerbelievesheorshepaidafairpriceforthestructure.
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BuildingDesign-TheIntelligentApproach
• Asmartbuildingcanonlybeaccomplishedwithqualityconstruc&ondocumentsandcoopera&onamongtheteammembers.
• Rememberthatdesignisnotasuccessun&lconstruc&oniscompleteandthestructurefunc&onsproperly.
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BuildingDesign-TheIntelligentApproach
Whatareyougoingtodowhenfirstgivenadesignproject?
• ThinkabouttheBigPicture
• ThinkThroughtheDesignProblem(s)
• ThinkThroughtheDesignSolu&on(s)
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DesignApproach
• Selecttheserviceabilitycriteriaforthehorizontalframingmembers.
• Selectthelateraldri7criteria.
• Determinethefireprotec&oncriteria.
• Determineanylosspreven&onrequirementssuchasFactoryMutual(FM)Globalrequirements.
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DesignApproach
• Selectthedirec&onofroofdrainage(primarilyforsinglestorystructures).
• Selectthestructuralsystem,i.e.bracedframes,momentframes,shearwalls.
• Determinetheloadsonthestructure.
• Determinethetypeofconnec&onstouse.
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DesignApproach
• Selectthememberstobeusedforthelateralloadsystem.
• Selectmembersizesbasedonthedri7criteria,otherserviceabilitycriteriaandmaterialavailability.
• Selectmembersizesthatmaketheconnec&onswork.
• Performanalysistocheckconformancewithdri7criteria.
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DesignApproach
• Checkmembersizesforstrength.
• Designconnec&onsorestablishdesigncriteria.
• Drawplansanddetailstoanappropriatescale.
• Checktomakesurethatthedesignhasbeencorrectlytransferredontotheconstruc&ondocuments.
• FinalizeProjectSpecifica&ons
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PreliminaryDesign
• GeometricalConsidera&ons
• MemberSelec&onGuidelines
• LateralLoadResis&ngSystems
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GeometricalConsidera;ons
• Baysize– Baypropor&ons– Memberselec&on(Joists,JoistGirders,StructuralSteel)
– Shortspans(HSS,Channels)– Direc&onofmainmembersvs.secondarymembers
– GirtsandWindColumns
• DiaphragmGeometry
– Lengthtowidthra&os
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BaySize
• SquareBaysGenerallyLeastCost
• IfRectangularSpantheGirdersintheShortDirec&on
• Replica&on– Replica&onofjoistsandbeamsizesreducescostofdetailing,fabrica&on,anderec&on.
– Carefullyreviewcomputerresultstoobtainreplica&on.
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MemberSelec;onGuidelines
• Deck
• JoistsandJoistGirders
• StructuralSteelBeams
• Columns
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DeckSelec;onGuidelines
• SDIRecommendedSpans
• FMGlobalandotherInsuranceRequirements
• StandingSeamRoofs
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SDIRecommendedSpans
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2 - Hr Fire Rat - ing
3.5 ” LWC Above Flutes Deck Gage Deck Depth 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
2 8 ’ - 5 ” 9 ’ - 0 ” 9 ’ - 6 ” 10 ’ - 6 ” 11 ’ - 4 ” 12 ’ - 1 ” 12 ’ - 8 ” 3 9 ’ - 1 ” 10 ’ - 9 ” 11 ’ - 7 ” 12 ’ - 10 ” 13 ’ - 8 ” 14 ’ - 7 ” 15 ’ - 3 ”
4.5 ” NWC Above Flutes Deck Gage Deck Depth 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
2 6 ’ - 2 ” 7 ’ - 6 ” 8 ’ - 1 ” 8 ’ - 11 ” 9 ’ - 8 ” 10 ’ - 3 ” 10 ’ - 9 ” 3 6 ’ - 6 ” 7 ’ - 9 ” 8 ’ - 10 ” 10 ’ - 10 ” 11 ’ - 7 ” 12 ’ - 4 ” 13 ’ - 0 ”
1 - Hr Fire Rat - ing
2.75 ” LWC Above Flutes Deck Gage Deck Depth 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
2 8 ’ - 10 ” 9 ’ - 6 ” 10 ’ - 1 ” 11 ’ - 2 ” 12 ’ - 0 ” 12 ’ - 10 ” 13 ’ - 5 ” 3 10 ’ - 1 ” 11 ’ - 7 ” 12 ’ - 3 ” 13 ’ - 6 ” 14 ’ - 5 ” 15 ’ - 4 ” 16 ’ - 1 ”
3.5 ” NWC Above Flutes Deck Gage Deck Depth 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
2 7 ’ - 2 ” 8 ’ - 2 ” 8 ’ - 8 ” 9 ’ - 7 ” 10 ’ - 4 ” 11 ’ - 0 ” 11 ’ - 7 ” 3 7 ’ - 5 ” 8 ’ - 10 ” 10 ’ - 1 ” 11 ’ - 7 ” 12 ’ - 5 ” 13 ’ - 3 ” 13 ’ - 11 ”
2 - Hr Fire Rat - ing
3.5 ” LWC Above Flutes Deck Gage Deck Depth 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
2 8 ’ - 5 ” 9 ’ - 0 ” 9 ’ - 6 ” 10 ’ - 6 ” 11 ’ - 4 ” 12 ’ - 1 ” 12 ’ - 8 ” 3 9 ’ - 1 ” 10 ’ - 9 ” 11 ’ - 7 ” 12 ’ - 10 ” 13 ’ - 8 ” 14 ’ - 7 ” 15 ’ - 3 ”
4.5 ” NWC Above Flutes Deck Gage Deck Depth 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
2 6 ’ - 2 ” 7 ’ - 6 ” 8 ’ - 1 ” 8 ’ - 11 ” 9 ’ - 8 ” 10 ’ - 3 ” 10 ’ - 9 ” 3 6 ’ - 6 ” 7 ’ - 9 ” 8 ’ - 10 ” 10 ’ - 10 ” 11 ’ - 7 ” 12 ’ - 4 ” 13 ’ - 0 ”
1 - Hr Fire Rat - ing
2.75 ” LWC Above Flutes Deck Gage Deck Depth 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
2 8 ’ - 10 ” 9 ’ - 6 ” 10 ’ - 1 ” 11 ’ - 2 ” 12 ’ - 0 ” 12 ’ - 10 ” 13 ’ - 5 ” 3 10 ’ - 1 ” 11 ’ - 7 ” 12 ’ - 3 ” 13 ’ - 6 ” 14 ’ - 5 ” 15 ’ - 4 ” 16 ’ - 1 ”
3.5 ” NWC Above Flutes Deck Gage Deck Depth 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
2 7 ’ - 2 ” 8 ’ - 2 ” 8 ’ - 8 ” 9 ’ - 7 ” 10 ’ - 4 ” 11 ’ - 0 ” 11 ’ - 7 ” 3 7 ’ - 5 ” 8 ’ - 10 ” 10 ’ - 1 ” 11 ’ - 7 ” 12 ’ - 5 ” 13 ’ - 3 ” 13 ’ - 11 ”
2 - Hr Fire Rat - ing
2
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3.5 ” LWC Above Flutes 3.5 ” LWC Above Flutes Deck Gage Deck Gage Deck Depth Deck Depth 22 22 21 21 20 20 19 19 18 18 17 17 16 16
2 2 8 ’ - 5 ” 8 ’ - 5 ” 9 ’ - 0 ” 9 ’ - 0 ” 9 ’ - 6 ” 9 ’ - 6 ” 10 ’ - 6 ” 10 ’ - 6 ” 11 ’ - 4 ” 11 ’ - 4 ” 12 ’ - 1 ” 12 ’ - 1 ” 12 ’ - 8 ” 12 ’ - 8 ” 3 3 9 ’ - 1 ” 9 ’ - 1 ” 10 ’ - 9 ” 10 ’ - 9 ” 11 ’ - 7 ” 11 ’ - 7 ” 12 ’ - 10 ” 12 ’ - 10 ” 13 ’ - 8 ” 13 ’ - 8 ” 14 ’ - 7 ” 14 ’ - 7 ” 15 ’ - 3 ” 15 ’ - 3 ”
4.5 ” NWC Above Flutes 4.5 ” NWC Above Flutes Deck Gage Deck Gage Deck Depth Deck Depth 22 22 21 21 20 20 19 19 18 18 17 17 16 16
2 2 6 ’ - 2 ” 6 ’ - 2 ” 7 ’ - 6 ” 7 ’ - 6 ” 8 ’ - 1 ” 8 ’ - 1 ” 8 ’ - 11 ” 8 ’ - 11 ” 9 ’ - 8 ” 9 ’ - 8 ” 10 ’ - 3 ” 10 ’ - 3 ” 10 ’ - 9 ” 10 ’ - 9 ” 3 3 6 ’ - 6 ” 6 ’ - 6 ” 7 ’ - 9 ” 7 ’ - 9 ” 8 ’ - 10 ” 8 ’ - 10 ” 10 ’ - 10 ” 10 ’ - 10 ” 11 ’ - 7 ” 11 ’ - 7 ” 12 ’ - 4 ” 12 ’ - 4 ” 13 ’ - 0 ” 13 ’ - 0 ”
1 - Hr Fire Rat - ing
1 -
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2.75 ” LWC Above Flutes 2.75 ” LWC Above Flutes Deck Gage Deck Gage Deck Depth Deck Depth 22 22 21 21 20 20 19 19 18 18 17 17 16 16
2 2 8 ’ - 10 ” 8 ’ - 10 ” 9 ’ - 6 ” 9 ’ - 6 ” 10 ’ - 1 ” 10 ’ - 1 ” 11 ’ - 2 ” 11 ’ - 2 ” 12 ’ - 0 ” 12 ’ - 0 ” 12 ’ - 10 ” 12 ’ - 10 ” 13 ’ - 5 ” 13 ’ - 5 ” 3 3 10 ’ - 1 ” 10 ’ - 1 ” 11 ’ - 7 ” 11 ’ - 7 ” 12 ’ - 3 ” 12 ’ - 3 ” 13 ’ - 6 ” 13 ’ - 6 ” 14 ’ - 5 ” 14 ’ - 5 ” 15 ’ - 4 ” 15 ’ - 4 ” 16 ’ - 1 ” 16 ’ - 1 ”
3.5 ” NWC Above Flutes 3.5 ” NWC Above Flutes Deck Gage Deck Gage Deck Depth Deck Depth 22 22 21 21 20 20 19 19 18 18 17 17 16 16
2 2 7 ’ - 2 ” 7 ’ - 2 ” 8 ’ - 2 ” 8 ’ - 2 ” 8 ’ - 8 ” 8 ’ - 8 ” 9 ’ - 7 ” 9 ’ - 7 ” 10 ’ - 4 ” 10 ’ - 4 ” 11 ’ - 0 ” 11 ’ - 0 ” 11 ’ - 7 ” 11 ’ - 7 ” 3 3 7 ’ - 5 ” 7 ’ - 5 ” 8 ’ - 10 ” 8 ’ - 10 ” 10 ’ - 1 ” 10 ’ - 1 ” 11 ’ - 7 ” 11 ’ - 7 ” 12 ’ - 5 ” 12 ’ - 5 ” 13 ’ - 3 ” 13 ’ - 3 ” 13 ’ - 11 ” 13 ’ - 11 ”
FMGlobalDataforRoofDeck
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StandingSeamRoofs
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DesignTools
• RoofFraming(SJIandAISC)
• FloorFraming
– NonCompositeJoists(SJI)
– CompositeJoists(SJI)
– NonCompositeBeams(AISC)
– CompositeBeams(AISC)
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BayandMemberSelec;onGuidelines
• SeeSJI“SteelTools”,hbps://steeljoist.org
• SeeAISC“SteelTools”,hbp://www.aisc.org
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RoofFramingAnalysisTool-Demonstra;on
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BeamsandColumns
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RulesofThumb*
• DepthofRoofJoists=0.5*Length• DepthofFloorJoists=0.6*Length• DepthofCompositeBeams=0.55*Length
– WhereLengthisfeetanddepthisinches
• CompositeBeams
– NumberofStudsreq’dforfullcompositeac&on=1.25*Wt
*“RulesofThumbforSteelDesign”,JohnL.RuddyandSocratesA.Ioannides,
AISCNASCC,2003
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LateralLoadResis;ngSystems
• RigidFrames
• RoofBracing
• Diaphragms
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RigidFrames
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SJIToolsforMomentConnec;ons
• JoistGirderMomentConnec&onstotheStrongAxisofWideFlangeColumns
• JoistGirderMomentConnec&onstotheStrongAxisofWideFlangeColumns-IntermediateLevels
• JoistGirderMomentConnec&onstotheWeakAxisofWideFlangeColumns
• JoistGirderMomentConnec&onstoHSSColumns-TopPlate
• JoistGirderMomentConnec&onstoHSSColumns-KnifePlates
• JoistGirderMomentConnec&onstoStrongAxisofWFColumns-KnifePlates
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MomentConnec;on-TopPlate
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MomentConnec;on-TopPlate
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RigidFrameMomentConnec;onsTool-Demonstra;on
REFERENCE MANUAL AND
PROGRAM USAGE GUIDE
Joist Girder Moment Connections to the Strong Axis of Wide Flange
Columns
Version 1.0
Steel Joist Institute
234 W. Cheves Street
Florence, SC 29501
Phone: (843) 407-4091
www.steeljoist.org
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RoofBracing
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RoofDiaphragms
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RoofDiaphragmKeyPlan
Use 36/4 with 1 Side Lap Screw Use 36/7 with 2 Side Lap Screws
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MeansofFastening
• Welding
• PowerDrivenFasteners• SelfDrivenScrews• BubonPunching
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AdvantagesofScrewsandPowerDrivenFasteners• EasytoInstallwithUnskilledLabor
• CleanNeatAppearance
• Dependable
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DisadvantagesofScrewsandPowerDrivenFasteners• Capacity• Cost
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Deck
• Determina&onofForces
• Selec&onofDeckTypeandFastening– SteelDeckIns&tute(SDI)– ICC-ESReports
• Evalua&onofDeflec&ons
• AnalysisofChordForces
• ForceTransferDetails
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Connec;ons
• ChordForces
• ShearTransfer
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ChordForces
The Engineer of Record Must Indicate the Chord Force Requirements on the Contract Documents
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ChordForces• Thespecifyingprofessionalshallprovidethenominalloadsandload
combina&onsass&pulatedbytheapplicablecodeunderwhichthestructureisdesignedandshallprovidethedesignbasis,ASDorLRFD.
• Thespecifyingprofessionalshallcalculateandprovidethemagnitudeandloca&onofALLJOISTandJOISTGIRDERLOADS.Thisincludesallspecialloads(dri7loads,mechanicalunits,netupli7,axialloads,moments,structuralbracingloads,orotherappliedloads)whicharetobeincorporatedintothejoistorJoistGirderdesign.
• Typeandmagnitudeofendmomentsand/oraxialforcesatthejoistandJoistGirderendsupportsshallbeshownonthestructuraldrawings...
• SJICodeofStandardPrac&ce6.1(a)
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DiaphragmChord
F F
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JoistChordBending
M
e
F
F
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JoistTiePlate
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Top Chord of Joist
JoistTieAngles
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Top Chord of Joist
ShearTransferMethods
• DeckSupportAngles
• JoistSeatRollover
• ShearCollectors
• TransfertoShearWalls
• AcrossExpansionJoists
• AbachmenttoVer&calBracingwithJoistGirder
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DeckSupportAngle
Continuous Angle Field Weld or Screw Deck to Angle per Roof Diaphragm Requirements
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JoistSeatRollover
5 ”
1 ”
2 . 5 ”
v
1 / 8 3 ”
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DeckSupportAngleandJoistSeatRollover
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ShearCollectorK-SeriesJoist
JOIST GIRDER HSS 2 1/2 X 2 1/2 X 3/16 CENTER BETWEEN JOISTS (NOT BY JOIST MANUFACTURER)
ROOF DECK PER SIDE LAP
DIAPHRAGM REQUIREMENTS 5/8" DIA.
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ShearCollectorLH-SeriesJoist
JOIST GIRDER
ROOF DECK
5"
PER SIDE LAP DIAPHRAGM REQUIREMENTS 5/8" DIA.
CHANNEL C5 x 6.7 CENTER BETWEEN JOISTS (NOT BY JOIST MANUFACTURER)
3/16 "
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ShearTransfertoMasonry
CONCRETE FILLED BOND BEAM
DECK
CMU WALL
LEDGER ANGLE ANCHOR TO WALL (NOT BY JOIST MANUFACTURER)
DECK ATTACHED TO LEDGER TO TRANSFER SHEAR FORCE
CAMBER TO BE SPECIFIED TO MATCH LEDGER
JOIST
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PrecastInsert
SECTION A
DECK NOT SHOWN FOR CLARITY
A
SLOTTED INSERT
T-STRAP (NOT BY JOIST MANUFACTURER)
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Constructability
ThinkConstructabilityThroughouttheDesign
Process
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ConstructabilityIssues
• Minimizethenumberofanchorrodspercolumn.
• Providepermanentbracingthatcanbeusedastemporarybracing.
• Makesurethatallbeamscanbebroughtintoplacewithoutinterferenceorhavingtospreadcolumnsapart.
• Provideadjustabilityinyourdesign.Considermillandfabrica&ontolerancesbyusingshimsandoversizeorslobedholeswhererequired.
• Checkthattolerancesdonotaccumulate,causingfitupproblems.
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ConstructabilityIssues
• Checktoseethatthetolerancesspecifiedmatchyourexpecta&onsofthefinalproduct.
• Makesurethatthereisadequateaccessforweldingandbol&ng.
• Checkthatbeamsdonothavetobeseverelycoped,i.e.deepmembersframingintoshallowmembers.
• Eliminateoverheadwelding.
• Haverealis&cspecifica&onsthatmatchyouractualintentanddesignrequirements.
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ConstructabilityIssues
• Usematerialsthatarereadilyavailable.
• Minimizetheamountofloosematerialfordetails.
• Providestraightforwardconnec&onsthatcanbeerectedwithoutaddedtemporaryprovisions.
• Checkforcamberdifferencesonadjacentmembers.
• Makesuremembershavesufficientwidthforelementsbearingonthem.
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ConstructabilityIssues
• Runcan&leverbeamsovercolumntopswheneverpossible,forsafetyinerec&on.
• Havesteeldeckspanallinthesamedirec&on.
• Don’tusemomentbasecolumnsbearingonconcretepiers.
• Avoidmomentconnec&onsintotheweakaxisofcolumns.
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Fabricator/Detailer
Thefabricatorwantsyoutoprovideadesignthatwillpermitthematerialtoflowcon&nuouslythroughtheshop.Thismeansthatyourdesignshouldnotrequireweldingtoacolumnorbeam,ifthedesignalsorequiresthedrillingorpunchingofholesinthesamemember.Drillandpunchlinesaredifferentlinesthantheweldinglines.Itcostsmoneytotransferacolumnorbeamfromonelinetoanother.Thematerialwillnotflowthroughtheshopifsuchtransfermustbemade.Fabricatorsanddetailerssuggestthefollowingtoachieveasuccessfuldesign:
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Fabricator/Detailer
• UsestandardAISCconnec&ons:singleplateshearconnec&onsandsingleangleconnec&ons.
• Usefieldboltedmomentconnec&ons.
• Keepthedesignsimple.
• Provideunderstandableplans.• Minimizechanges.
• Releasemillordersanddetailingonlywhencomplete.Andifnotcompleteinformthearchitect,contractorandfabricatoroftheareaswhicharenotyetcomplete.
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Fabricator/Detailer
• Repeatmembersizeswheneverpossible(leastweightisnotleastcost).
• Showallreac&onsonthedrawings:axial,shear,moment,andtransferforces.
• Answerthedetailer’sques&onspromptly,i.e.,REALLYFAST.
• Approveshopdrawingsina&melymanner.
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Erector
• Minimizetheamountofloosematerialforfieldinstalla&on.
• Usemaximumprac&calcolumnlengths(2or3-storywithsplices47.abovethefloor).
• Whenpossible,providepermanentbracinginthedesignthatcanalsobeusedastemporarybracing.
• Keepthedesignsimple,providereadilyunderstandableplans.
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LearnFromtheTeamMembers
• Listentothefabricator,thedetailer,theerector,andthematerialsuppliers.Theyhaveprac&calknowledgegainedintheirday-to-dayexperiencesofpuqngtogethermanyprojects.Thisknowledgecanbeinstrumentalinachievingagooddesign.
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Presentedby:JamesM.Fisher
Copyright©2017SteelJoistIns@tute.AllRightsReserved.
THANKYOU
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