ch 16 lesson 2 presentation
Post on 06-Apr-2018
221 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
8/3/2019 Ch 16 Lesson 2 Presentation
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ch-16-lesson-2-presentation 1/31
Chapter 16 Lesson 2
Life in the Americas: Part 1
8/3/2019 Ch 16 Lesson 2 Presentation
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ch-16-lesson-2-presentation 2/31
Main Ideas
● Maya: adjusted to life in the tropical rain forestand built a culture based on their religious beliefs
● Aztec: moved into the Valley of Mexico where
they created an empire based on conquest andwar
● Incan rulers set up a highly organizedgovernment and society to unite their huge
empire● Geography in lands north of present-day Mexico
shaped the development of many different NativeAmerican cultures
8/3/2019 Ch 16 Lesson 2 Presentation
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ch-16-lesson-2-presentation 3/31
Vocabulary● Quipu: a rope with
knotted cords of different lengths andcolors
● Igloo: dome-shapedhomes made fromblocks of ice and snow
● Confederations:
governments thatlink several groups
● Adobe: apartment-likehomes made of sun-
dried mud brick
8/3/2019 Ch 16 Lesson 2 Presentation
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ch-16-lesson-2-presentation 4/31
Main Idea #1● The Maya adjusted to life in the tropical
rain forest and built a culture based on their religious beliefs
8/3/2019 Ch 16 Lesson 2 Presentation
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ch-16-lesson-2-presentation 5/31
Where did the Maya first settle?
8/3/2019 Ch 16 Lesson 2 Presentation
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ch-16-lesson-2-presentation 6/31
Present-day Guatamala
8/3/2019 Ch 16 Lesson 2 Presentation
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ch-16-lesson-2-presentation 7/31
Why was this area appealing?
8/3/2019 Ch 16 Lesson 2 Presentation
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ch-16-lesson-2-presentation 8/31
Swamps and sinkholes providedwater year-round
8/3/2019 Ch 16 Lesson 2 Presentation
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ch-16-lesson-2-presentation 9/31
What were the negative parts of theregion?
8/3/2019 Ch 16 Lesson 2 Presentation
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ch-16-lesson-2-presentation 10/31
● Dense forests blocked out the sun
●
Stinging insects● Poisonous snakes
8/3/2019 Ch 16 Lesson 2 Presentation
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ch-16-lesson-2-presentation 11/31
Life in Mayan Cities
● Rulers said they were descended from thesun
● Claimed they had the right to rule as god-kings and expected every person to servethem
● Huge monuments were built to serve them
● Taught their subjects how to please thegods
8/3/2019 Ch 16 Lesson 2 Presentation
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ch-16-lesson-2-presentation 12/31
Life in Mayan Cities Continued
● One way to please gods was humansacrifice
● Wanted captives more than land
● Captives were kept enslaved and put towork until they were sacrificed
● Believed gods controlled everything thathappened on Earth; religion was the center of Mayan life
8/3/2019 Ch 16 Lesson 2 Presentation
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ch-16-lesson-2-presentation 13/31
Were women honored in Mayancivilization?
● Yes. At least two women served asqueens. One may have helped found thecity.
8/3/2019 Ch 16 Lesson 2 Presentation
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ch-16-lesson-2-presentation 14/31
Why was astronomy important to theMayans?
8/3/2019 Ch 16 Lesson 2 Presentation
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ch-16-lesson-2-presentation 15/31
Mayan priests thought gods revealed their plans through movement of the sun, moon, and
stars● Watched the sky to know when to plant
crops
● Developed a 365-day calendar to trackheavenly movements
● Predicted eclipses, scheduled religiousfestivals, plantings, and harvests
8/3/2019 Ch 16 Lesson 2 Presentation
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ch-16-lesson-2-presentation 16/31
On what is the Mayan countingsystem based?
● Based on 20
8/3/2019 Ch 16 Lesson 2 Presentation
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ch-16-lesson-2-presentation 17/31
Did the Mayans have a writtenlanguage?
● Used to record numbers and dates
● Hieroglyphics that only the nobles couldread
● Scholars have just now begun to unlockthe stories told
8/3/2019 Ch 16 Lesson 2 Presentation
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ch-16-lesson-2-presentation 18/31
Main Idea #2
● The Aztec moved into the Valley of Mexico,where they created an empire based onconquest and war
● Explain the legend of how the Aztecssettled here
8/3/2019 Ch 16 Lesson 2 Presentation
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ch-16-lesson-2-presentation 19/31
● Aztecs were not welcome. One king thoughthe would get rid of them by giving them a
patch of snake-filled land. They ate thesnakes and built their own kingdom.
● Sun god Quetzalcoatl had promised a home
for the Aztecs. They searched for hundredsof years for the place where an eagle“screams and spreads its wings, andeats...the serpent
● A.D. 1325 in Lake Texcoco they saw aneagle with a snake in its beak and believedthey found home
8/3/2019 Ch 16 Lesson 2 Presentation
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ch-16-lesson-2-presentation 20/31
● New city- Tenochititlan= “place of theprickly pear cactus”
● Dreamed of conquest and wealth
● Collected payment from conquered peoplefor protection
● How did the Aztecs choose a king?
8/3/2019 Ch 16 Lesson 2 Presentation
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ch-16-lesson-2-presentation 21/31
● Kings were chosen from those whoclaimed to be descendants of the gods
● Council of warriors, priests, and noblespicked kings from the royal family
● Usually picked king's last son, but not
always
● Expected king to prove himself by leadingtroops into battle
8/3/2019 Ch 16 Lesson 2 Presentation
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ch-16-lesson-2-presentation 22/31
Aztec classes● King● Nobles
● Commoners- largest group- worked as
farmers, artisans, or traders● Unskilled laborers
● Enslaved people
● How could commoners join the nobleclass?
8/3/2019 Ch 16 Lesson 2 Presentation
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ch-16-lesson-2-presentation 23/31
● By performing
an act of bravery in war
● If the soldier died thechildrenreceived landand the rank
of noble
8/3/2019 Ch 16 Lesson 2 Presentation
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ch-16-lesson-2-presentation 24/31
Developed two calendars
● Religious calendar
● 260 days
●
Kept track of religious rituals andfestivals
● 365-day calendar
● Kept track of whento plant and harvest
crops
● Divided into 18months with 20
days each● 5-day week at the
end of the year
8/3/2019 Ch 16 Lesson 2 Presentation
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ch-16-lesson-2-presentation 25/31
Aztec view of the afterlife
● Saw death ashonorable if servingthe gods
● Who was worthy of an afterlife?
8/3/2019 Ch 16 Lesson 2 Presentation
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ch-16-lesson-2-presentation 26/31
● Soldiers who died in battle
●
Captives who gave their lives in sacrifice● Women who died in childbirth
8/3/2019 Ch 16 Lesson 2 Presentation
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ch-16-lesson-2-presentation 27/31
Duties of boys and girls
Boys
● Taught they wereborn to be warriors
Girls
● Taught to stay inthe home
● Those who gavebirth were honoredas heroes
● Why do you think the girlswould be consideredheroes for giving birth?
8/3/2019 Ch 16 Lesson 2 Presentation
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ch-16-lesson-2-presentation 28/31
Tenochtitlan- largest city inMesoamerica
● May have held 400,000 people with amillion more in other cities and villagesunder Aztec control
● Supporting a large population was achallenge- much of the area wasunsuitable for agriculture
●
Used irrigation and fertilization, drainedlakes, encouraged trade and paid for government and military actions throughtaxes and conquest
8/3/2019 Ch 16 Lesson 2 Presentation
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ch-16-lesson-2-presentation 29/31
The Great Temple
● In the center fo Tenochtitlan to honor theAztec gods
● Rose more than 135 feet and had more
than 100 steps
● Thousands of victims were taken to the topwhere they were sacrificed to the gods
8/3/2019 Ch 16 Lesson 2 Presentation
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ch-16-lesson-2-presentation 30/31
top related