corfu 10/9/07
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Corfu 10/9/07
( HTRA: ~ 100 ms -- 1μs )
- To develop the most promising technologies for HTRA- Assess relative strengths/areas of application in astronomy
JRA3: Technology development
for high-time-resolution astronomy
Corfu 10/9/07
- Indicative budget 1.2 M€- 3 main technology WPs- 4 ‘connective tissue’ WPs
JRA3
Partners Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische PhysikInstitute of Astronomy, CambridgeNational University of Ireland, GalwayUniversity of WarwickSheffield UniversityUK Astronomy Technology Centre, EdinburghLandessternwarte HeidelbergMax-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik European Southern Observatory
Corfu 10/9/07
JRA3
1. Rapidly varying astronomical objects
2. Rapidly varying earth atmosphere (adaptive optics)Key requirement for high time resolution astronomy: single photon detection
Need for high time resolution
GX 339-4 13/5/04 FORS2 HITI
1 2 3s
Corfu 10/9/07
JRA3
WP4 Avalanche photodiode arrays
WP2 EM-CCDs (L3CCDs)
WP3 Avalanche amplified pn-CCDs
WP5 CCD controllersWP6 SoftwareWP7 TestbedsWP1 Management
Contractors and workpackages
NUIGSheffieldWarwickUKATCMPG/MPEESOIoA, NOTSA
MPG/MPA, LSW
Corfu 10/9/07
JRA3
Projected JRA3 spending by technology
Avalanche photodiodes
Electron multiplied CCDs
Avalanche amplified PN CCDs
‘connective tissue’
17%
40%
30%
13%
~ 1985
2004
2008
Corfu 10/9/07
JRA3 WP4 APD-array developmentNational University of Ireland
in collaboration with University College Cork
Array elements haveto be spatially separated (crosstalk)
- to be fed with- lenslet arrays or- fibers
Single detectors in use for HTRA and AO
Corfu 10/9/07
JRA3
nFibre fed APD array¨Fibres epoxied by UV curing to APD devices¨Elimination of cross talk issue due to ¨separated APD elements
Individual fibres aligned on to APD dies in ceramic packages
On-chip arrays
APD arrays (WP4)
Corfu 10/9/07
JRA3 APD arrays (WP4)
Summary and perspective APD technology
- known technology- limitations: cross-talk, dark current non-uniformity.- close to its technological limit- CCD-based technologies encroaching on its territorybut ...- still the only technology for highest time resolution
Corfu 10/9/07
JRA3
● Conventional CCDs: spurious electrons on readout● ‘EM’: On-chip electron multiplication● Available now (E2V, TI)
● JRA3 activities:
1 Controller development for high time resolution applications - up to 60 Mpix/s 2 Application tests: - ‘Lucky images’: cheating the seeing limit - HTRA: rapidly varying objects
- (photon counted spectra)
L3CCDs (EM-CCDs) WP2, WP5, WP7
Corfu 10/9/07
JRA3 ‘Lucky images’
E2V EM-CCD+
fast controller(WP5,6,2)
10% best framesall frames
M13
Cat’s Eye
Corfu 10/9/07
JRA3
pulsar in crab nebula P=30 ms
exposures 2 ms
‘Lucky images’
Corfu 10/9/07
Spectra with single-photon detection
Corfu 10/9/07
JRA3 WP5 controllers for EM-CCDs
Controller boards, vacuum interface & chip support
Corfu 10/9/07
JRA3
Summary and perspective EM-CCDs
● Best currently available technology● Advances in controllers & data processing technology ● Shows the potential of photon counting CCDs for - high time resolution observations - angular resolution improvement by ‘lucky imaging’ - wavefront sensors for AO
● technology still developing rapidly
Corfu 10/9/07
JRA3
Avalanche-amplified pn-sensors (AA-pn)
● Alternative silicon technology for same purpose● Developed at the semiconductor laboratory of the MPG, ● Initiated by JRA3● Technology elements produced and tested (Aug 2007)● Prototype device by end of 2008● elements: - thick detection layer (0.5mm) - avalanche amplifier - AR coatings
Corfu 10/9/07
JRA3 Avalanche-amplified pn-CCDs (WP3)
Corfu 10/9/07
JRA3 Avalanche-amplified pn-CCDs (WP3)
Corfu 10/9/07
JRA3 Avalanche-amplified pn-CCDs (WP3)
Corfu 10/9/07
JRA3 Avalanche-amplified pn-CCDs (WP3)
Differences ↔ E2V EM-CCD 1. Parallel readout + slower clock → lower readout noise → lower amplification factor →● higher dynamic range and● no internally generated photons 2. Deep depletion layer →● near-IR wavelength sensitivity 3. AR coating technology:● broader wavelength range
Corfu 10/9/07
JRA3 Avalanche-amplified pn-CCDs (WP3)
Corfu 10/9/07
JRA3 Avalanche-amplified pn-CCDs (WP3)
Corfu 10/9/07
JRA3
Summary and perspective AA-pn CCDs
● represents next generation electron-multiplied CCD technology - photon counting accuracy - wavelength range - IR sensitivity - time resolution (<1 ms)● development on schedule● full-scale CCD currently ‘in the oven’, functional tests mid-2008● prototype device and controller expected by end 2008
Corfu 10/9/07
JRA3
‘connective tissue’
- camera head development (WP7, completed)- higher level software interfaces (WP6, under construction)- management (WP1)
Corfu 10/9/07
JRA3
UKATC high voltage clock (WP5)
JRA3
Corfu 10/9/07
WP 7 Cooled camera head (in ESO cryostat)
Corfu 10/9/07
JRA3
Management
Main events since start of contract - Transfer of management from LSW Heidelberg to MPA (July 05)- Redefinition of technology contribution MPE (Feb 05)- Common hardware platform for comparison of technologies replaced by software procedure (Feb 05)- Definitive finance plan JRA3 approved by OPTICON board (Oct 05)
Status August - 95% of work on track- Technologies successful beyond expectation- Major innovations achieved in high time resolution CCDs
Corfu 10/9/07
JRA3
Miles and deliverables (as of Aug 2007)
achieved/deliveredWP1 M1, M2, M3 WP2 M1, M2, D1 WP3 M1, M2, D1 WP4 M1 WP5 M1,M2,M3,D1 WP6 M1 WP7 M1, D1WP8 M1
remainingD2 D2 M3, D2 M2, D2D2D1completedD1
Corfu 10/9/07
JRA3
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