corrosive sulphur iec
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The NOVA GradesPresentation
Dipl.Ing.Gerfrid NeweselyGmunden, 27.Feb.2007
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Properties
Class IA Class IIA Class IIIA
Kinematic viscosity, mm2/s at 40C < 16,5 < 11,0 < 3,5
at -15C < 800 -- --
at -30C -- < 1.800 --
at -40C -- -- < 150Flash point, C > 140 > 130 > 95
Pour point, C < -30 < -45 < -60
Appearance
Density, kg/dm3 at 20C
Interfacial tension, N/m at 25CNeutralisation number, mg KOH/g
Corrosive sulphur
Water content, mg/kg
Anti-oxidant additives
Oxidation stability
Breakdown voltage:as delivered, kV
after treatment, kV
Dissipation factor, at 90C and 40 to 60 Hz
see note
< 0,895
Non - corrosive
30 / 40; see note
0; 0,3; see note
Limits
clear, free from sediment and suspend matter
< 0,895
> 40; see note
> 30
> 50
< 0,005
IEC 60296 Ed.2/1982
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Revision Requirements
Viscosity classification, Pour point etc.
Acidity test
Corrosive sulfur test
Oxidation stability criterions
New requirements
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Properties
Transformer Oil Low Temp. Switchgear Oil
Kinematic viscosity, mm2/s at 40C max. 12 max. 3,5
(LCSET) at -30C max. 1.800 --
at -40C -- max. 400
Pour point, C max. -40 max. -60
Water content, mg/kg
Breakdown voltage, kV
Dissipation factor, a t 90C and 40 to 60 HzAppearance
Acidity, mg KOH/g
Interfacial tension, mN/m at 25C
Total sulphur
Corrosive sulphur
Anti-oxidant additives, %
2-Furfural content, mg/kgOxidation stability
Total acidity, mg KOH/g
Sludge, %
DDF / 90C
Test duration, h
Gassing
Flash point, C min. 135 min. 100
Density, g/ml at 20C
PCA
PCB
No general requirement
max. 3% DMSO Extract
Not detectable
Limits
clear, free from sediment and suspend matter
max. 0,895
min. 40; see note
max. 0,005
min. 30 / min. 70
max. 1,2
max. 0,8
max. 0,500
164 (U) / 332 (T) / 500 (I) ; see note
max. 0,1
max. 0,01
Non corrosive
max. 30 / max. 40
0 (U) / 0 - 0,08 (T) / 0,08 - 0,4 (I) ; see note
No general requirement
IEC 60296 Ed.3/2003
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IEC 60296 Ed.3/2003
LCSET Max. viscosity Max. pour point0 C 1800 mm 2/s -10 C
-20C 1800 mm 2/s -30 C
-30 C 1800 mm 2/s -40 C
-40 C 2500 mm 2/s -50 C
Lowest cold start energizing temperature (LCSET)
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Neutralisation number
Coulometric titration (IEC 296 Ed.2/1982)
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IEC 62021-1 AcidityPotentiometric method
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Touch control screen or PC monitor control available
IEC 62021-1 AcidityPotentiometric method
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Corrosive Sulphur ASTM D 1275
250 ml Oil
Cu Strip
140 C
19 hrs
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Corrosive sulphur Test ISO/ASTM
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Corrosive sulphurCopper strip / Silver strip
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Corrosive sulphurDIN 51353
100 ml Oil
Ag strip
100 C18 h
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IEC 60296 Ed.2 Oxidation tests
Test Conditions Measured Criterions
IEC 61125 A 100C Acidity
(IEC 74) 30 cm Cu Sludge1 l O2/h
IEC 61125 B 120C Induction period(IEC 474) 90 cm Cu (until volatile acids
1 l O2/h have neutralized thecaustic solution)
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IEC 60296 Ed.2 Oxidation testsIEC 61125A (uninhibited oils)
Test duration: 164 hours
Oxygen, 1l/min
30 cm Cu-wire
25 ml oil
Test temperature:100C
Limits:
Acidity: max. 0,4 ml KOH/g oil
Sludge: max. 0,1 %
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IEC 60296 Ed.2 Oxidation testsIEC 61125B (inhibited oils)
Test duration: see Induction period
Oxygen, 1l/min
Test temperature:120C
90 cm Cu-wire
25 ml oil
Caustic solution
(corresponding to0,28 mg KOH/g oil)
+ indicator
Limit:Induction period: min 120 hrs
until change of colour
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Test Condition Measured Criterions
IEC 61125 C 120C Total acidity (soluble+volatile)
(IEC 813) 90 cm Cu Sludge0,15 l Air /h Diel.Dissipation Factor
IEC 60296 Ed.3 Oxidation tests
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IEC 60296 Ed.2 Oxidation testsIEC 61125C (uninhibited and inhibited oils)
Test duration: uninhibited: 164 hrs, inhibited 500 hrs
Air 0,15 l/min
Test temperature:120C
90 cm Cu-wire
25 ml oil
Distilled water
soluble acid
sludge
Volatile acid
Limits:
Total acids: max. 1,2 mgKOH/gSludge: max. 0,8 %
DDF: max. 0,500
DDF
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2 options
General specification
(for general application)
Specific Requirements
(for special application)
Limits:
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IEC 60296 Ed.3/2003
Compilation of limits
General requirements Specific requirements
standard ox. stability high ox. stabilitytotal acidity max. 1,2 mg KOH / g max. 0,3 mg KOH / g
sludge max. 0,8 % max. 0,05 %
DDF / 90 C max. 0,500 max. 0,050
total sulphur --- max. 0,15 %
to be agreed
uninhibited oils (U) ---trace inhib. oils (T) ---
inhibited oils (I) ---
Oxidation stability (IEC 1125 C)
Electrostatic tendency ECT
Gassing (IEC 60628 A)
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0
0,02
0,04
0,06
0,08
0,1
0,12
0,14
0,16
0,18
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Jahre
NZ[mgKOH/g]
BLW 12 BLW 13 BLW 14 BLW 23 BLW 28 BLW 30 BLW 35 BLW 45
Acidity of Nynas-Technol Insulating Oilin service in transformers in the Austrian High Voltage Grid
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0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50Jahre
Grenzflchenspannung
[mN/m]
BWL 12 BWL 13 BWL 14 BWL 23 BWL 28 BWL 30 BWL 35 BWL 48
Interfacial Tension of Nynas-Technol Insulating Oilin service in transformers in the Austrian High Voltage Grid
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0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Jahre
tgdelta
BLW 12 BLW 13 BLW 14 BLW 23 BLW 28 BLW 30 BLW 35 BLW 45
Diel.Dissipation Factor of Nynas-Technol Insulating Oil
in service in transformers in the Austrian High Voltage Grid
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The Copper Corrosion Phenomenon
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The Copper Corrosion Phenomenon:Damages in Brazil
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The Copper Corrosion Phenomenon:Damages in Brazil
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The Copper Corrosion Phenomenon:Damages in Brazil
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The Copper Corrosion Phenomenon:Damages in Brazil
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The Copper Corrosion Phenomenon:Damages in Brazil
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Strong indications:
Sealed or nitrogen blanketed transformers/reactors (rubberdiaphragm equipped conservator, lack of oxygen)
High operating ambient temperature but within design limits
Transients
In combination with certain components in oil
The Copper Corrosion Phenomenon:Criteria and indications
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Conditions where this phenomen is less likely to occur:
In open breathing transformers (conservators)
When varnished copper is used
The lower the temperature, the lower the risk
The Copper Corrosion Phenomenon:Criteria and indications
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Oil reactionswith copper
Low presence of oxygen and high temperatures will promote sulfur/copperreactions on the conductor surface and form deposits which might migrate to theinner cellulose layers.
Oil soluble copper ions might migrate into the oil and form copper sulfide on theoutside of the cellulose and/or spacers.
Copper
Paper
S
R
Cu-Sulfide
Cu-ion
Reaction on copper surfacecan deposit on paper andpenetrate to next layer
Copper ions dissolved in the oil
Copper sulphide deposits on paper
+Sulfur
Cu-Sulfide
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Development of Copper corrosion test methods:
ABB - CCCD Test (Covered copper conductor deposition)
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Development of Copper corrosion test methods:ABB - CCCD Test (Covered copper conductor deposition)
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Development of Copper corrosion test methods:ABB - CCCD Test (Covered copper conductor deposition)Results 1
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Development of Copper corrosion test methods:ABB - CCCD Test (Covered copper conductor deposition)Results 2
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Mineral oil chemistry
Basic hydrocarbon structures in mineral oil
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Mineral oil chemistry
Theoretical molecules in naphthenic oil
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Sulphur containing moleculesSmall sulphur containing molecules are more reactive than larger
Small sulphur containing molecules are not present in transformer oils
However, larger sulphur containing molecules are present in oils and arepotentially reactive towards copper and some are acting as inhibitors
S
RR
S
RR-S-R
R-S-S-R
R-SH
Decreased reactivity
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Nitrogen containing molecules
N
N
N
R
N N
Nitrogen are present in oil in various molecular structures
Nitrogen molecules are potential promoters for copper migrationand/or could act as copper passivators
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Hetero atoms in mineral oil molecules are necessary to achievegood oxidation stability
Mineral Oil Chemistry
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Hydrotreatment Refining- Optimization of properties
Need of optimization but you can not get everything
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A Modern Hydrotreatment Refinery
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Hydrotreating processes
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Tests of the new oil filled in one failed reactor
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Nynas Selected Passivator
Oil soluble BTA derivative
Commercially available
Developed for use in high temperature lube oil applications,e.g. turbine oil
Protects copper and yellow metals
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Passivators: Test results(ASTM 1275 B)
D = Oil C
passivated
B = Oil A passivated
after 15 h ageing
A = New Oil C = used OilE = New Oil
H = Oil Epassivated
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Technical solutions
In-service solutions
Add passivator to transformers at risk: Halts any further degradation
Nynas TRO products
Nynas offer special passivated products:
Nytro 10GBN passivated
Nytro 10 GBA passivated
Nytro 10 GBX passivated
Nytro 10 XN
Nytro 4000A/X
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Corrosivity Tests
Corrosive sulphur DIN*) DIN 51353
Corrosive sulphur ASTM**) ASTM D1275
These methods are mainly developed to detect contaminants frommanufacturing/handling of transformer oil.
*)IEC 60296
Potentially corrosive sulfur compounds in transformer oil ??
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Development of Copper corrosion test methods:Copper strip method to detect corrosive and potentially
corrosive sulphur in insulating oil
Corrosive sulphur ASTM D 1275
ASTM 1275 A ASTM 1275 B
140C 150C19 h 48 / 72 h
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Development of Copper corrosion test methods:CIGRE - CCD Test
for detection of potentially corrosive sulfur in insulating oil
Head space vial
15 ml Oil
30 mm Cu
150 C
72 h
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Development of Copper corrosion test methods:CIGRE - CCD Test
for detection of potentially corrosive sulfur in insulating oil
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Hydrotreatment Refining- Optimization of properties
Need of optimization but you can not get everything
NYNAS - NOVA GRADES:
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TaurusLibraSTANDARD
Lyra X10XN
Gemini X
HIGH
4000XSUPER
INHIBITEDUNINHIBITED
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10XNGasoil Arctic Grade
Gemini XLibraGasoil
4000XLyra X
TaurusNon Gasoil
INHIBITEDUNINHIBITED
NYNAS - NOVA GRADES:
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