cosmology · hubble parameter density parameter deceleration parameter density parameter Ω o) g h...

CosmologyPast, Present and Futureof the Universe

What do we have??

What do we have?? (other wavelengths)

Early theories

Early theories

Newtonian Universe

Einstein Universe

Hubble’s law

What is Universe made of??

Some math!!!!!

Robertson – Walker metric

Friedmann Equation

++

−−= )sin(

1)( 2222

2

22222 φθθχ

χχ ddk

dtadtcds

2

22 )(

38)(

aktG

aatH −=

= ρπ

Some More Math

Fluid equation

Acceleration Equation

Equation of state

( ) 03 =++ paa ρρ

)3(3

4 pGaa

+−= ρπ

Geometry of space

Simple Cosmological Models

Matter –

Radiation –

za

+=

11

0=p

3

2cp ρ=

30

aρρ =

3/2

0

=

tta

tH

32

=

40

aρρ =

2/1

0

=

tta

tH

21

=

Mixtures of radiaton and matter

Observational Parameters

Hubble parameter

Density Parameter

Deceleration Parameter

Density Parameter (Ωo)

GHtc π

ρ83)(

2

=

2300 )//(10879.1 MpcskmHc

−×=ρ 37200 /1078.2 MpcMH sunc ×=ρ

cρρ

=Ω22Ha

kk −=Ω

Deceleration parameter

Not required if we know everything about the composition of universe

)()()(1

)()(

22 tatata

Htataq

=−=

Dark Matter

Dark Energy

Dark energy and Cosmological Constant

23HΛ

=Ω

Gπρ

8Λ

=Λ

2cp ΛΛ −= ρ

A look back!!!!

3)(

38)( 2

22 Λ

+−=

=

aktG

aatH ρπ

( ) 03 =++ paa ρρ

3)3(

34 Λ

++−= pGaa ρπ

Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation

Arno Penzias and Robert Woodrow Wilson in 1964

First light in space

T = 2.725 K

z = 1100

Getting CMBR

Inflation

Horizon Problem

Flatness Problem

A brief History of time

A brief History of Time

Plank era Space time Foam Symmetry Breaking Inflation Baryogenisis Nucleosynthesis Recombination Origin of structure

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