faraday’s and lenz's law
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Faraday’s Law
Faraday’s lawThe induced emf in a closed loop equals the negative of the time rate of change of magnetic flux through the loop
ℰ=−𝑑Φ𝐵
𝑑𝑡
Faraday’s law
Example
The magnetic field between the poles of the electromagnet is uniform at any time, but its magnitude is increasing at the rate of 0.020-T/s. The area of the conducting loop in the field is 120cm2, and the total circuit resistance, including the meter, is 5.0Ω.
Example
(a) Find the induced emf and the induced current in the circuit. 2.4 x 10-4 V
Example
(b) What is the corresponding induced current? 4.8 x 10-5 A
Direction of Induced EMF
1. Define a positive direction for the vector area A.
2. From the directions of A and B, determine the sign of the magnetic flux and its rate of change.
3. Determine the sign of induced emf or current. If the flux is increasing, so Ɛ is positive, then the induced emf or current is negative.
Direction of Induced EMF
4. Finally, determine the direction of the induced emf or current using your right hand. Curl the fingers of your right hand around the A vector, with your thumb in the direction of A. If the induced emf or current in the circuit is positive, it is in the same direction as your curled fingers, otherwise, opposite.
Lenz’s Law
• It is a convenient alternative method for determining the direction of an induced current or emf
• It states that the direction of any magnetic induction effect is such as to oppose the cause of the effect.
Lenz’s Law
Lenz’s Law
Lenz’s Law
Generator and Transformer
Terms• Generator- a device which converts
mechanical energy to electrical energy• Commutator- allows the electric current
to flow in one direction• Armature/rotor- carrier of the coil• Stator- constituted by the stationary
parts of a generator
Terms• Alternator- electromagnets in an AC
generator• Dynamo- electromagnets in a DC
generator• Transformer- a device that converts
voltage from one magnitude to another
Terms• Step-down transformer- converts
high voltage rating to a lower value• Step-down transformer- converts a
low voltage rating to a higher value
AC Generator
Transformer
V1/V2= N1/N2
For ideal transformers
I1/I2=V2/V1
Example
A 12-V cassette recorder can be operated from a 220 volt AC line using a transformer.a) How many turns should the secondary coil of
the transformer have if the primary coil has 550 turns?
b) What kind of transformer is found in the cassette recorder?
30 turns; step-down
B
+x
I
I
+z
+y
Practice using the RHR
Sources• Young, Hugh D., and Freedman, Roger A. 2002, Reprinted. University
Physics with Modern Physics. 10th ed. Singapore: Pearson Education Asia Pte Ltd. Copyright © 2000 by Addison-Wesley Publishing Longman, Inc.
• Giancoli, Douglas C. 2005, Reprinted. Physics. 5th ed. Singapore: Pearson Education Asia Pte Ltd. Copyright © 1998, 1995, 1991, 1985, 1980 by Prentice-Hall, Inc.
• Hewitt, Paul. 2008. Physical Sciences. 4th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
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