haki 011
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A brief discussion of code
Fundamental rules for designLinear vs nonlinear responseA simple solution for periodA preliminary design exampleLimiting drift
An index to identify vulnerabilitA retrospective
Failure causes
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#eig$tliftin
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orce % &ass ' Acceleratio
Acceleration oug$t to berelated to t$e
pea( ground acceleration)*A
from +e,ton
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-o ,e see( t$e
maximum value of )*A
For t$at purpose,e go to -*-/
an experienced and,ledgable group of scient
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Distortion >>>>>>>
Shear
Immediate
Occupation
Life protectionCollapse
prevention
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lt$oug$ t$is information is a product o $e .-. *eological -urvey
#e provide no ,arranty expressed or implied
t$e accuracy of t$e data contained $
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#$at is t$eirproduct7
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esign -pectrum-pectrum % ange
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it$ respect to 80 eman
t$ere are t$ree dominanescriptors of properties o
a building structure
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. Strength/Weight
. Stifness/Mass
. Limiting Drit
se Shear Strength Coe
Period
easure o toughness
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,o dominant goals for
structural design,nvestment.
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?1 o protect life
Floor and roof elevationsmust be preserved.
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o protect life/
t$e main issue isdetail.
e solution is not in analysi
$e solution is inxperience and experiment
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*oal ?2reservation of >nvestment
e distortion of t$e structumust be tolerable.
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o preserve t$e investmen $e solution re=uires
a minimum of analysis.
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2 4 6 ! 1 12
2
4
6
!
1
12
on!inear "esponse
Drit
#orce
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$
%$
%$
&$
&$
D'SPL(C)M)*+ MM
:urve in blue refers to a -@F ,it$ strengt$suBcient to remain ,it$in its limits of linear
response
:urve in red refers to a -@F $aving 1C of
strengt$
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A.AA
A.2A
A.4A
A.6A
A.!A
1.AA
1.2A'nitia! Period , 1/2 sec.
Strength/Strength "e-uired or Linear "esponse
Drit/Linear Drit
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.2 .4 .6 .! 1 1.2
.2
.4
.6
.!
1
1.2
Strength/Strength
cient to maintain !inear response
Drit "esponse/Linear "esponse
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,it$
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L)P() 100
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)lan 9ie, of -tory Frame
0uestionD EangG it on
l or Hust t$e exterior frame
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S(P
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S(P
$. sec
"esistanceassigned toour rames.
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S(P
$.0 sec.
) "esistanceassigned to toe4terior rames.
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S(P
$.5 secirder depth
'ncreased to 1 m.*o e4terior rames
6 d h De6ected Shape
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5 1 15 2 25
5
1
15
2
25
De6ected Shape
Drt mm
7eight
5 1 15 2 25 3 35
5
1
15
2
25
De6ected Shape
Drt mm
7eight
, $.0 sec *, $. se
* , $ 5 sec
A 5A 1AA 15A 2AA 25A 3AAA
5
1A
15
2A
25
De6ected Shape
Drift
7eight
+orma -=uar C -t &ean
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Level rft liIe=ed F -t F rft F
.
5 1. 1. 31! 1.3C4.318J
1 1.2C
6.
53 ."3 .!6 255.!8J
1 1.6C
5.
4 .!2 .6! 2166.38J
1 1."C
4.
3" .6! .4 14"
.218J1
2.C
3
.
2! .4" .24 4.!48J
1 1.3C
2.
1 .3 ." 2!2.4!8J
1 .C
1.
6 .11 .1 4
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Level rft+ormali
Ie-=uare
d F-t
FC -trft
.4 1. 1. 256
3.8J1 1.C
6 .3 ."3 .!6 21"
4.4!8J1 1.2C
5 .33 .!3 .6! 144.!!8J
1 1.4C
4 .2! . .4" 1255.4"8J
1 1.5C3 .21 .53 .2! 1
4.358J1 1.2C
2 .13 .33 .11 2
2.38J1 .6C
+ormali -=uare -t C -t
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Level rft Ie=
d F F rft
.5 1. 1. 21"2."8J
1 .!C
6 .53 ."3 .!6 1"4.58J
1 1.1C
5 .4 .!2 .6! 14"4.648J
1 1.3C4 .3" .6! .4 13
4."8J1 1.4C
3 .2! .4" .24 53
3.348J1 ."C
2 .1 .3 ." 21.18J
1 .5C
1 .6 .11 .1 2
& - if 1 4C
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&ax. -tory rift % 1.4C
All four frames
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&ax. -tory rift % 2. C
,o frames
-t ift ti 1 5
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ax. -tory rift atio % 1.5
,o Frames
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(SC) 5 1$omina! period in sec.
nominal%.466'$."
nominal%.!5 sec.
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5 1 15 2 25
3
2
1
1
2
3
'nitia! Period $.8 sec.
L>+
+@+L>+
*ime+ sec.
Disp+ in.
2 4 6 ! 1 12
5
1
15
on!inear "esponse
Drit
#orce
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rength/Strength "e-uired or Linear "espon
!acement/Disp!acement or Linear "esponse
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. .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 . .! ." 1.
.
.5
1.
1.5
Period 1 sec.
rength/Strength "e-uired or Linear "espon
isp!acement/Disp!acement or Linear "espon
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