i. implementation strategies for transit-oriented development - gb arrington -- cnu 17

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Getting Beyondthe TOD Cartoon

What YouNeed to Know

GB Arringtonarrington@pbworld.com

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• Scale matters• Walking & TOD• Travel & TOD• Implementation

focus• Transit for TOD

MetroCities TODDubai UAE

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Scale matters

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• TOD in Community– How will TOD add

value? Be a place?

Unlocking the key to eachstations identity

• TOD in Region– Where does the

station fit in?• TOD in Corridor

– Stations relationshipto other stations?

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More than a Parcel,More than a Project

• Create a walkable district– Area w/in a 5 minute walk– Approximately 125 acres– Walkable complete community

• Most “TODs” don’t meet this standard– Requires broader strategy,

cooperation– Understanding the bar needs

to be higher Santa Ana Station Development

Santa Ana TOD

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Plaza surrounds station•240 units•125k retail•375k officeUrban in thesuburbs

Round at Beaverton Central

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Pearl District PortlandFormer rail yard & warehouses

Before

• Public & privatedevelopment agreement– Housing– Infrastructure– Parks

• Development since1997 $750m+

• 2700+ units built• 131 units per acre

minimum density

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Walking density & TOD

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Distance & Mode Share

54%83%31%10%½ mile

41%66%43%23%¼ mile

29%48%54%35%At station

ResidentialOfficeResidentialOffice

Auto Mode ShareMetrorail Mode ShareDistance fromstation

• 35% of office trips right at the station entrance• Office mode share drops about 1% every 100 ft• ½ mile residential share 200% higher than office

2005 WMATA Development-Related Ridership Survey

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Density, Distance & TOD• Two density dimensions

– Horizontaldistance from station

– Verticaldevelopment intensity

• Density & use– Concentrate office &

retail near station– Increasing % of

residential awayfrom station

Tysons Corner, VA

intensityguide

2.5 75 10Minutes walk from station

Employment GradientResidential Gradient

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TOD Travel & Parking

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TODs create less traffic

• TOD residents are:– Twice as likely not to own

a car as US Households– 5 times more likely to

commute by transit thanothers in region

• Self-selection:– Responsible for up to

40% of TOD ridershipbonus

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TCRP Report 128

• Detailed look at 17 built TODs• All multi-family residential• Four US Metro areas

– Washington, DC– Philadelphia / NJ– San Francisco– Portland

• Measured actual performance– Trips compared to ITE

http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/tcrp/tcrp_rpt_128.pdf

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Disconnect with ITE guidance

• Suburban bias w/ existing parking standards– Assumes everyone drives– Based on limited observations – from Florida

• Overstates TOD trip generation– A result is higher development fees– 24 hr based rates 50% high

• Parking likely overstated by same amount

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ITE Trip Manual6.67 trips per unit

TOD housing generates 50% lesstraffic than conventional housing

Detailed countsof 17 residential TODs3.55 trips per unit

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10 Trips

6.67 Trips

3.55 Trips

SingleFamily

MultifamilyMultifamilyTOD

TODs behave Differently

Daily car trips for 50 dwellings

• SF 500• MF 333• TOD MF 177

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Easy & Legal

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Orenco Station

• 190-acre TOD• 1,834 units minimum• Vertical mixed-use

town center• TOD zoning• 1st urban product in

Portland’s suburbs• 18.2% mode split

LRT Station

LRT Station

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Focus on implementation

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New plan & tools• New land use plan• New standards for streets• New design guidelines• New implementing authority• New financial tools• Demonstration projects

Transforming Tysons Corner

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Portland Metro TOD Program

• Public Investments to Help Offset Added Costsof Mixed Use Higher Density Projects– TOD Easements and land write-downs– Funding to offset “cost premiums”– Increased transit use as threshold test

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Stations for Urbanism

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M

DuPont Circle, Washington, D.C.

M

M

Branch Ave, suburban Washington

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Auto

-Orie

nted

Tra

nsit

Developm

ent-Oriented Transit

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Linking Stations & TOD

Three ways to think of a station• Focal point of a place• Incorporated into a place• Secondary to a place

Stations can helpdefine the mostimportant places

Portland The Round

London

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More growth less impact

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Rx to grow & reduce travel

• Density increased• Limit & manage parking• Solve for walking• Grid of small streets• Transform transit• Increased residential mix• Office & retail closest to transit• TOD outright permitted use

Tysons Corner