implementation and assemplingof a small wind turbine

Implementation And Assembling Of A Small

Wind Turbine

Senior Design Project (2)Academic Year 2015/2016

Team MembersRayan A. Hameed

Abdulrahman S. AlqahtaniFahad H. Almalki

Supervised byDr. Mohammed Salah

2

Outlines Abstract Motivations and Importance Problem Statement and Objectives Challenges and Technical Problems System Description System Components Modeling and Simulation Conclusions

3

Abstract

4

Motivations and ImportanceA great demand has been increased recently for renewable energy in Saudi Arabia due to the environment damage caused by fossil fuels. Renewable energy is certainly safer for the environment has a great positive impact on economy.

Renewable Energy is (1) Sustainable, (2) Global, and (3) Essentially NON-polluting

5

Environmental Impact

Economic Impact

Society Impact

Project Impacts

Motivations and Importance

6

Problem Statement and Objects

ProblemComponents of wind turbine system were bought from China and currently available in the lab but their specifications are unknown (no manuals or any documents)

Solution and ObjectivesPerform scientific conclusion to:1. Assemble and integrate the components in order to operate the

system components in harmony2. Install appropriately the mechanical parts3. Wiring appropriately the components with the control panel and

other parts4. Understand how the wind energy is converted to electricity

7

Challenges and Technical Problems

1. All components available in the lab are unlabeled and specifications are unknown. We had to deal with black boxes. No manuals, datasheets, specifications and instructions were available.

2. Mechanical installation was unknown since no instructions of assembly were ever existed.

3. Schematic of control circuit / panel was not available.

4. It was difficult to download the control program (not accessible).

5.Assembly of mechanical components (poles, generator and base) was difficult since components do not fit exactly with each other (made in china). Difficult in manufacturing the components.

6. Significant delay in getting the concrete base ready for turbine installations.

8

Wind direction statistical data for the city of Tabuk

JANFEBMARAPRMAYJUNJULAUGSEPOCTNOVDEC0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

WIND PREVAILING DIRECTION

2012 2013 2014 2015

9

Wind direction statistical data for the city of Tabuk

JANFEBMARAPRMAYJUNJULAUGSEPOCTNOVDEC0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Wind Mean Speed

2014 2015

MONTHS

KNOT

S

10

Wind Turbine System – Description

11

Wind Turbine System – Description

Preliminary block diagram of a wind turbine power system

θ ω

12

Wind Turbine System – Description

Standard power curve for 15kW wind turbine

13

Wind Turbine System – Components Tower and Foundations

14

Nacelle and drivetrain

Wind Turbine System – Components

Spiral Bevel Gear

Side View 1 Side View 2 Side View 3

GeneratorYaw

Motor

Gear Box

Connection Box

Speed Sensor (Proximity Type)

15

Nacelle and drivetrain – Yaw motor

Wind Turbine System – Components

16

Nacelle and drivetrain – Wind SensorsWind Turbine System – Components

Output : 4 – 20 mAWind speed range : 0.5 – 50 m/s

Output : 4 – 20 mAWind direction range : 0 – 360

17

Hub assembly and main shaft

Wind Turbine System – Components

18

Battery and Electrical Load

Wind Turbine System – Components

19

Control Panel Wind Turbine System – Components

20

Wind Turbine System – Components Control Panel

21

Control Panel – Preliminary CircuitWind Turbine System – Components

Very Nasty

22

Modeling and SimulationWind Turbine Dynamic Model

The power in the wind is proportional to the area of windmill being swept by the wind, The cube of the wind speed, The air density - which varies with altitude, The formula used for calculating the power in the wind is shown below:

(1)

Where, P is power in watts (W), ρ is the air density in kilograms per cubic meter (kg⁄m^3 ), A is the swept rotor area in square meters (m^2), V is the wind speed in meters per second (m⁄s ).

𝑃=½ 𝜌 𝐴𝑉 3

23

Modeling and SimulationWind Turbine Dynamic Model

The aerodynamic rotor power is dependent on the available wind power and the power coefficient. The power coefficient is a function of two variables: the tip-speed ratio () and the blade pitch angle (). The rotor power of the wind turbine, Paero (t)∈ R can be defined as

(2) Paero=½𝐶𝑝 ( λ , 𝛽)𝜌 𝐴𝑉 3

where ρ ∈ R is the air density, A ∈ R is the rotor swept area, V(t)∈ R is the wind speed, Cp (⋅) ∈ R denotes the power coefficient of the wind turbine, (t)∈ R is the trip-speed ratio and ( ) is the pitch angle and it’s 𝛽constant.

24

Modeling and SimulationWind Turbine Dynamic Model [1]

The tip-speed ratio, λ(t), is defined as

(3)

The rotor power, Paero (t), can also be written as

(4)

Aerodynamic torque applied to the rotor by the wind. An expression for can be derived from (2)-(4) as

(5)

λ=𝜔 𝑅𝑉

Paero=τ𝑎𝑒𝑟𝑜𝜔

τ 𝑎𝑒𝑟𝑜=½ 𝜌 𝐴𝑅𝐶𝑝λ 𝑉 2

25

Modeling and SimulationMechanical Subsystem Dynamics

f =

The mechanical subsystem that describes the rotor dynamics of the variable speed wind turbine can be of the following form:

(6)

where J ∈ R+ is the rotor moment of inertia, ω˙(t) ∈ R is the rotor acceleration, f (ω,va) ∈ R represents the system unknown nonlinearities and is defined as f =−τaero, and τem ∈ R+ is the electromagnetic torque and is considered as the torque control input for the generator. [1] J Control Theory Appl 2012

26

Modeling and SimulationInduction Yaw Motor Modeling [2]

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

[2] stephen j. chapman electric machinery fundamentals

27

Modeling and SimulationPreliminary Simulink Simulation

A preliminary simulation result has been obtained using MATLAB SIMULINK (version R2013a) to simulation the proposed wind turbine generation system using an Induction generation.

28

Modeling and SimulationPreliminary Simulink Simulation - Results

Result of active power

29

Conclusions

A preliminary study has been conducted during the current semester to understand how the wind turbine system operates and how the system components are integrated. The system in hand is definitely a tremendous asset to the University of Tabuk and a great educational and training facility for students and professionals to learn more about renewable and sustainable energy conversion. Unfortunately and due to some unaccepted challenges and technical problem, the project was not completely finical.

30

Thanks for listening