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http://www.jaea.go.jp/index.shtml

319-1195 2 4

029-282-6387, Fax 029-282-5920

319-1195 2 4

This report is issued irregularly by Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Inquiries about availability and/or copyright of this report should be addressed to

Intellectual Resources Section, Intellectual Resources Department,

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

2-4 Shirakata Shirane, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki-ken 319-1195 Japan

Tel +81-29-282-6387, Fax +81-29-282-5920

�� IS ��

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(2007 � 4 � 11 ��)

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JAEA-Technology 2007-041

Test Fabrication of Sulfuric Acid Decomposer Applied for Thermochemical Hydrogen Production

IS Process

Hiroki NOGUCHI, Hiroyuki OTA*, Atsuhiko TERADA, Shinji KUBO,

Kaoru ONUKI and Ryutaro HINO

Nuclear Applied Heat Technology Division

Nuclear Science and Engineering Directorate

Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki-ken

(Received April 11, 2007)

Thermo-chemical Iodine-Sulfur (IS) process produces large amount of hydrogen effectively

without carbon dioxide emission. Since the IS process uses strong acids such as sulfuric acid and

hydriodic acid, it is necessary to develop large-scale chemical reactors featuring materials that

exhibit excellent heat and corrosion resistance. A sulfuric acid decomposer is one of the key

components of the IS process plant, in which sulfuric acid is evaporated and decomposed into water

and sulfur trioxide under temperature range from 300 ºC to 500ºC using the heat supplied by high

temperature helium gas. The decomposer is exposed to severe corrosion condition of sulfuric acid

boiling flow, where only the SiC ceramics shows good corrosion resistance. However, at the current

status, it is very difficult to manufacture the large-scale SiC ceramics structure required in the

commercial plant. Therefore, we devised a new concept of the decomposer, which featured a counter

flow type heat exchanger consisting of cylindrical blocks made of SiC ceramics. Scale up can be

realized by connecting the blocks in parallel and/or in series. This paper describes results of the

design work and the test-fabrication study of the sulfuric acid decomposer, which was carried out in

order to confirm its feasibility.

Keywords� Sulfuric Acid Decomposer, Thermochemical IS Process, Hydrogen Production, HTTR,

SiC Ceramics

A part of the study was performed by JAEA in the “Development of Nuclear Heat Utilization

Technology” under the auspices of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports and Technology in the

fiscal year 2004 and 2005.

*: TOSHIBA (Enrolled in the IS process technological group until October, 2006)

��

1�� .............................................................................................................................1 2� �� ...................................................................................................................................3 2.1 ��.....................................................................................................................3 2.2 �� ........................................................................................................................3 2.3 �� .................................................................................................................3

3� �� ............................................................................6 3.1�� ................................................................................................................................6 3.2 �� ........................................................................................................................6 3.3 �� ........................................................................................................................7 3.3.1� ��...................................................................................................7 3.3.2� �� ..........................................................................................................7

3.4 �� ...............................................................................................................................73.5 ��..............................................................................................................................8

4�� SiC�� ......................................................................................................9 4.1 �� ...............................................................................................................................94.2 �� SiC�� ..........................................................................................9 4.3 �� SiC�� .....................................................................................................9

5�� ...................................................................................................11 6� ��............................................................................................................12 6.1 �� ...............................................................................................................12 6.2�� ................................................................................................................13 6.3��.....................................................................................................13

7� ��................................................................................................................................15 � �......................................................................................................................................16 �� ................................................................................................................................17

Contents 1� Introduction.........................................................................................................................1 2� Decomposer Design .............................................................................................................3

2.1 Objective.......................................................................................................................3 2.2 Design Concept..............................................................................................................3 2.3 Specification..................................................................................................................3

3� Thermal and Stress Analysis for SiC Ceramic Block ..............................................................6 3.1 Objective of analysis ......................................................................................................6 3.2 Analytical Condition ......................................................................................................6 3.3 Analytical Results ..........................................................................................................7

3.3.1� Analysis of Temperature Distribution .......................................................................7 3.3.2� Analysis of Stress Distribution .................................................................................7

3.4 Evaluation .....................................................................................................................7 3.5 Conclusion ....................................................................................................................8

4�� Fabrication of SiC Ceramic Block ........................................................................................9 4.1 Objective of Fabrication .................................................................................................9 4.2 High Strengthened Reaction Sintering SiC Block .............................................................9 4.3 Atmospheric Sintering SiC Block....................................................................................9

5� Development of High Temperature Corrosion Resistant Seal.................................................11 6� Test Fabrication of Sulfuric Acid Decomposer .....................................................................12

6.1 Design of Test Article ..................................................................................................12 6.2 Fabrication of Test Article ............................................................................................13 6.3 Structural Confirmation Test.........................................................................................13

7� Conclusion ........................................................................................................................15 Acknowledgement ...................................................................................................................16 Reference ..............................................................................................................................17

－ 1 －

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[1] K. Onuki, H. Nakajima, I. Ioka, M. Futakawa, S, Shimizu: IS Process for thermo-chemical

hydrogen production, JAERI-Review 94-006 (1994).

[2] A. Terada, S. Kubo, H. Okuda, S. Kassahara, N. Tanaka: Development of Hydrogen

Production Technology by Thermo-Chemical Water Splitting IS Process, Proc. of GLOBAL

2005, Tsukuba, Japan, Oct 9-13,GLOBAL2005-427.

[3] S. Kubo, M. Futakawa, I. Ioka, K. Onuki, S. Shimizu, K. Ohsaka, A. Yamaguchi, R. Tsukada,

T. Goto: Corrosion test on structural materials for Iodine-Sulfur thermochemical

water-splitting cycle, Proc. 2nd Topical Conf. Fuel Cell Technology, 2003 AIChE Spring

National Meeting, March 30 - April 3, 2003, New Orleans, USA.

[4] S. Kubo, S. Kasahara, Y. Inaba, S. Ishiyama, K. Onuki, R. Hino, “A pilot test plan of

thermochemical water-splitting Iodine-Sulfur process”, Nucl. Eng. Desi., Vol. 233, pp.

355-362 (2004).

[5] R. Hino, K. Haga, H. Aita, K. Sekita:R&D on Hydrogen Production by High Temperature

Electrolysis of Steam, Nucl. Eng. Desi., Vol. 233, pp. 363-375 (2004).

[6] ��

�� , �� 2005-141767

[7] H. Ota, A. Terada, S. Kubo, S. Kasahara, M. Hodotsuka, R. Hino, T. Inatomi, K. Ogura, M.

Kobayashi, S. Maruyama: Conceptual Design of Sulfuric-Acid Decomposer for

Thermo-Chemical Iodine-Sulfur Process Pilot Plant, Proc. 13th Int. Conf. Nucl. Eng., 2005,

Beijing, China, ICONE13-50494.

[8] �� IS ��

��Vol.5�No.1�pp.68-75 (2006)

[9] H. Noguchi, H. Ota, A. Terada, S. Kubo, K. Onuki, R. Hino: Development of Sulfuric Acid

Decomposer for Thermo-Chemical IS Process, Proc. of ICAPP2006, June 4-8, 2006, Reno,

USA, ICAPP2006-6166.

[10] K. Nishikawa and Y. Fujita: Correlation of nucleate boiling heat transfer based on bubble

population density, Int. J. of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.20, 3, March 1977, Pages 233-245

[11] W.M. Kays and M.E. Crawford, Convective Heat and Mass Transfer (2nd ed.), McGraw-Hill,

1980, p. 243.

[12] ��

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http://www.jaea.go.jp/index.shtml

319-1195 2 4

029-282-6387, Fax 029-282-5920

319-1195 2 4

This report is issued irregularly by Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Inquiries about availability and/or copyright of this report should be addressed to

Intellectual Resources Section, Intellectual Resources Department,

2-4 Shirakata Shirane, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki-ken 319-1195 Japan

Tel +81-29-282-6387, Fax +81-29-282-5920

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