lycopene β-carotene the relationship between daily intake of β-carotene and lycopene, metabolic...

Lycopeneβ-Carotene

The relationship between Daily intake of β-carotene and lycopene, metabolic syndrome and acute myocardial infarction (AMI)

Date:2012/12/28實習生 : 辜祥霖

指導老師 : 蕭佩珍營養師

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powerful antioxidant actions

suppress the growth of tumors prevention of heart disease

Age-related macular degeneration

02Lycopene Health Conditions

Raw tomato

Cooked tomato

Sun-dried Tomato

Persimmon

GuavaGrapefruit Watermelon Red Cabbage

Lycopene 0345902μg per 100g 4631μg per cup 7298μg per cup 159μg per 100g

1419μg per 100 g 4532μg per 100g 5204μg per 100g 20μg per 100g

Preventing Vitamin A Deficiency

Immune-Enhancing Activity Antioxidant -Enhancing Activity

Promoting Proper Cell Communication

04β-Carotene Health Conditions

Carrot Pumpkin Sweet potato Spinach

ApricotsKale Cantaloupe Mango

β-Carotene 059444μg per 100g 8285μg 100 g

9226μg 100 g

4570μg 100 g

Daily intake of fruit and vegetable soups processed in different ways increases human serum β-carotene and lycopene concentrations and reduces levels of several

oxidative stress markers in healthy subjects

R. Martĺnez-tomás et al.Food Chem. 2012;134:127-33.

06

INTRODUCTION

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R. Martĺnez-tomás et al.Food Chem. 2012;134:127-33.

INTRODUCTION

R. Martĺnez-tomás et al. Food Chem. 2012;134:127-33.

2 differently processed fruit and vegetable soups the bioavailability of β-carotene and lycopenethe biological markers of oxidative stress cardiovascular risk

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MATERIALSAND

METHODS

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R. Martĺnez-tomás et al.Food Chem. 2012;134:127-33.

69 participants

FFQ

REFERENCE SOUP17 M, 17 F

2.5% OLIVE OILTraditional process

OPTIMISED SOUP18M, 17F

5% OLIVE OILHPH (High Pressure homogenisation)

INTERVENTION

35 men + 34 womenAge: 30 ± 10 years old

TEST SOUPS

BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS

OXIDATIVE STRESS

MARKERS

CONCENTRATIONS

β-carotene lycopene

MATERIALS AND METHODS

300mL/dRough, small hard particles

300mL/dSmooth,glossy

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R. Martĺnez-tomás et al. Food Chem. 2012;134:127-33.

4 Weeks

Table 1β-Carotene, lycopene and folate concentrations of test soups.

Values are means ± SEM.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Listed foods : tomato and derivatives, carrot, broccoli, Swiss chard, spinach, watermelon, medlar, orange, tangerine, apricot, yellow plum, and other foods, such as liver, paté and fortified cereals.

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R. Martĺnez-tomás et al. Food Chem. 2012;134:127-33.

Table 2Anthropometric and dietary characteristics of the participants before the intervention period.

Values are means ± SEM. BMI, body mass index; W, waist; H, hip; E, energy; CHO, carbohydrate. n (reference) = 17 M; 17 F; n (optimised) = 18 M; 17 F. a Significantly different from those of the reference group (Student’s unpaired t-test, p < 0.05).

MATERIALS AND METHODS 12

R. Martĺnez-tomás et al. Food Chem. 2012;134:127-33.

RESULTS

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R. Martĺnez-tomás et al.Food Chem. 2012;134:127-33.

Table 3Serum biochemical and folate concentration before (wk 0) and after 4 weeks (wk 4) of soup intake.

Values are means ± SEM. Gluc, glucose; TG, triglycerides; Total-C, total-cholesterol; HDL, high density lipoprotein; LDL, low density lipoprotein; tHcy, homocysteine. n (reference) = 17 M; 17 F; n (optimised) = 18 M; 17 F.a Significantly different from those at wk 0 (Student’s paired t test, P < 0.05).b Mean values at wk 0 were significantly different between reference and optimised group (Student’s unpaired t test, P < 0.05).

RESULTS 14

R. Martĺnez-tomás et al. Food Chem. 2012;134:127-33.

Table 4Serum markers of oxidative status before (wk 0) and after 4 weeks (wk 4) of soup intake.

Values are means ± SEM. LDL, low density lipoprotein; Cr, creatinine; TBARS, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; 8-OHdG, 8-hydroxy-20-deoxyguanosine; Eq As, equivalents ascorbic; TAC, total antioxidant capacity; GPx, glutathione peroxidase; GR, glutathione reductase; SOD, superoxide dismutase. n (reference) = 17 M; 17 F; n (optimised) = 18 M; 17 F.a Significantly different from those at wk 0 (Student’s paired t-test, p < 0.05).b Significantly different from those of the reference group (Univariate general lineal model with the value of the selected parameter at wk 0 as covariable, p < 0.05).c Mean values at wk 0 were significantly different between reference and optimised group (Student’s unpaired t-test, p < 0.05).

RESULTS 15

R. Martĺnez-tomás et al. Food Chem. 2012;134:127-33.

Fig. 1. Carotenoid serum concentrations before (wk 0) and after 4 weeks (wk 4) of reference (Ref) or optimised (Opt) soup intake. Values are means ± SEM, n = 34 for reference soup group, n = 35 for optimised soup group. ⁄Represents statisticallysignificant differences between wk 0 and wk 4, p 6 0.001 (Student’s paired t-test).ƚ Represents statistically significant differences in change of serum carotenoid concentrations between optimised and reference group, p 6 0.001 (univariate general lineal model with the value of the corresponding carotenoid at wk 0 ascovariable).

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.0

μm

ol/

L

Ref RefOpt Opt

β-carotene Lycopene

*

*

*

*

WK 0

WK 4

RESULTS 16

R. Martĺnez-tomás et al. Food Chem. 2012;134:127-33.

CONCLUSION

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R. Martĺnez-tomás et al.Food Chem. 2012;134:127-33.

CONCLUSION

OPTIMISED SOUP

After 4 weeks

OXIDATIVE STRESS

MARKERS

REFERENCE SOUP

PLASMA

β-carotenelycopene

Total-C:HDLHDL:LDLtHcy(μM)

Oxidised LDL(U/L)8-OHdG(μmoL/L)

GPx(U/g Hb)SOD(U/g Hb)

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R. Martĺnez-tomás et al. Food Chem. 2012;134:127-33.

Dietary Carotenoid Intake Is Associated with Lower Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in

Middle-Aged and Elderly Men

Sluijs et al. J. Nutr. 2009;139:987-92.

19

INTRODUCTION

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Sluijs et al. J. Nutr. 2009;139:987-92.

INTRODUCTION

Sluijs et al. J. Nutr. 2009;139:987-92.

The association between carotenoids and metabolic syndrome

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PARTICIPANTSAND

METHODS

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Sluijs et al. J. Nutr. 2009;139:987-92.

PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS

male population aged 40–80 y374 participantsFFQ (178 food items during the past year)

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Sluijs et al. J. Nutr. 2009;139:987-92.

Metabolic syndromeNational Cholesterol Education Program 3 or more are met: fasting serum glucose ≥ 6.1 mmol/L, Serum HDL-cholesterol < 1.0 mmol/L,serum triglyceride concentrations ≥ 1.7mmol/L, waist circumference > 102 cm, blood pressure ≥ 130/85 mmHg, or use of hypertensive medication.

PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS 24

Sluijs et al. J. Nutr. 2009;139:987-92.

RESULTS

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Sluijs et al. J. Nutr. 2009;139:987-92.

TABLE 1 Dietary intake and other characteristics of middle-aged and elderly male participants according to quartiles of total dietary carotenoid intake1

RESULTS

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Sluijs et al. J. Nutr. 2009;139:987-92.

1 Values are mean ± SD or n (percentage), n =374.2 All nutrient intakes were adjusted for energy intake.3 Variables in serum were measured in blood samples taken from fasting participants.4 Bachelor or Master of Science degree.5 According to definition National Cholesterol Education Program (25).

TABLE 3 Multivariate associations between quartiles of dietary carotenoid intake and metabolic syndrome risk factors in middle-aged and elderly men1

RESULTS

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Sluijs et al. J. Nutr. 2009;139:987-92.

1 Values are b (95% CI) from linear regression models adjusted for age, education level, smoking, physical activity, BMI (except for waist circumference, visceral and subcutaneous fat, BMI), energy-adjusted intakes of vitamin C, fiber, and alcohol, n =374. Asterisks indicatedifferent from quartile 1: *P ≤ 0.05, **P ≤ 0.01.2 P-value for linear trend over quartiles of intake.3 Ref., reference group.4 Variables were log-transformed before the analyses.5 Variables in serum were measured in blood samples taken from fasting participants.

CONCLUSION

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Sluijs et al. J. Nutr. 2009;139:987-92.

CONCLUSION

β-carotene lycopene

Waist cicumference

Visceral fat

Subcutaneous fat BMI

Serum triglycerides

Metabolic Syndrome

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Sluijs et al. J. Nutr. 2009;139:987-92.

Low serum lycopene and β-carotene increase risk ofacute myocardial infarction in men

Karppi et al. European Journal of Public Health. 2011; 1-5

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INTRODUCTION

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Karppi et al. European Journal of Public Health. 2011; 1-5

INTRODUCTION

The aim of this study was to find out whether serum carotenoids may protect against AMI.

Karppi et al. European Journal of Public Health. 2011; 1-5

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METHODS

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Karppi et al. European Journal of Public Health. 2011; 1-5

METHODS

11.5 follow-up years1038 Middle-aged men (844 men without AMI, 194 men with AMI)

Eastern FinlandBlood Biochemical analysisSerum carotenoids concentration

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Karppi et al. European Journal of Public Health. 2011; 1-5

RESULTS

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Karppi et al. European Journal of Public Health. 2011; 1-5

Table 1 Demographic characteristics of the study population with and without AMI (n = 1031 men)

RESULTS

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Karppi et al. European Journal of Public Health. 2011; 1-5

Bold values are statistically significant.a: Continuous variables are presented as mean (standard deviations).b: P for differences between those with and without AMI for continuous variables (the independent-samples t-test).c: Dichotomous variables are presented as percentage.d: P-value for categorical variables (chi-squared test).

Table 2 Relative risks and 95% confidence intervals of acute myocardial infarction by tertiles of serum concentrations of carotenoids and fat-soluble vitamins

RESULTS

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Karppi et al. European Journal of Public Health. 2011; 1-5

a: Tertiles of carotenoids and fat-soluble vitamins (mmol/l):lycopene: <0.08, 0.08–0.19, >0.19; a-Carotene: <0.06, 0.06–0.11,>0.11; b-Carotene: <0.25, 0.25–0.40, >0.40; Retinol: <1.88, 1.88–2.25, >2.25; a-Tocopherol: <24.6, 24.6–30.3, >30.3.b: Adjusted for age and examination year.c: Adjusted for age, examination year, BMI, SBP, smoking, alcohol intake, serum LDL cholesterol, years of education, physical activity, symptomatic CHD or CHD history, diabetes,antihypertensive medication, drug for high cholesterol and anyβ-adrenergic blocking agent.

CONCLUSION

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Karppi et al. European Journal of Public Health. 2011; 1-5

CONCLUSION

Low serum lycopene and β-carotene concentrations

The risk of AMI in men

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Karppi et al. European Journal of Public Health. 2011; 1-5

SUMMARY

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SUMMARY

IMPROVE?

PREVENTION?

Low serum lycopene and β-carotene increase risk of acute myocardial infarction in men

Dietary Carotenoid Intake Is Associated with Lower Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Middle-Aged and Elderly Men

Daily intake of fruit and vegetable soups processed in different ways increases human serum β-carotene and lycopene concentrations and reduces levels of several oxidative stress markers in healthy subjects

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