microsatellite analysis in organelle genomes of chlorophyta(論文討論)

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Microsatellite  ana

lysis  in  

organelle  geno

mes  of  

Chlorophyta    

Microsatellites…  

Simple  Sequence  Repeats  (SSRS)  Simple  Sequence  Length  Polymorphisms  (SSLPS)    

Highly  Abundant  In  Prokaryotes  And  Eukaryotes    

Both  In  Coding  And    Non-­‐Coding  Regions    

Neutral?    

Hot  Spot!  

Inherently  Unstable  Mendelian  Manner  

Highly  Variable    

Powerful  GeneMc  Markers:    Locus-­‐specific  Co-­‐dominant  PCR-­‐based    Highly  Polymorphic    

DistribuMon  Of  SSRs  In  The  Genome  Is  Not  Random!  

Previous:      Coding  Or  Gene-­‐rich  Regions  

+    Nuclear-­‐  Genome  Based    

Current  :      DeterminaMon  At  The  Whole    Genome  Level!  

Chloroplast  And  Mitochondrial    Genomes  Of  Chlorophyta  

Organelle  genome  sequence  source    

IdenMficaMon  of  SSRs    

Frequency  Of  SSRs  In  Chloroplast  And  Mitochondrial  Genomes    

1

Varying  

The  Frequencies  Of  SSRs  

Chloroplast   Mitochondria  

Algal  Species  :  No  RelaMonship    Between  The  Frequencies  Of  Simple  And  Compound  SSRs    

DistribuMon  of  SSRs  in  genic  and  intergenic  regions  

2

Intergenic  Regions  

Genic  And  Intragenic  Regions    

The  Major  ProporMon  Of  SSRs    

Chloroplast  

Mitochondria  

“The  differences  in  frequency  suggest  that  the  polymorphism  associated  with  coding  regions  is  lower  than  non-­‐coding  region.”  

non-­‐coding  region   coding  region  

“The  microsatellite  pa^erns  making  it  impossible  to  measure  associated  relatedness  and  polymorphism  present  within  alleles.”    

SSR  Pa^erns    

3

mono-­‐nucleoMde  repeats,  poly  A/T.    

DinucleoMde  repeat  pa^erns  were  less  frequent  Maximum  dinucleoMde  repeats  was  poly  AT/TA  

The  major  di-­‐nucleoMde  repeat  

pa^ern  in  Chlorophyta  

organellar  genomes  had  shown  the  similarity  with  organelle  and  

nuclear  genomes  of  higher  taxa  

In  very  minute  amounts  other  repeat  pa^ern  tetra-­‐,  penta-­‐,  hexa-­‐  were  observed  

SSRs  in  nuclear  ESTs  of  other  plant  species  and  some  cereal  species  tri-­‐nucleoMde  repeats  were  the  most  abundant  class  followed  by  di-­‐nucleoMde  repeats    

FuncMonal  categorizaMon  of  genes  having  microsatellites    

4

In  all  chloroplast    genomes…  

In  mitochondrial    genomes…  

Conclusion    

The  study  is  important  in  term  of  revealing  the  simple  repeat  pa^erns  in  organellar  genomes  of  lower  plant  species  and  to  measure  their  abundance  and  polymorphism.    

Suggest  the  evoluMon  of  chloroplast  and  mitochondrial  genomes  independent  of  nuclear  genomes.    

EvoluMonary  Factors  With  Different  Rate  And  Randomness:    Significant  Differences  In  SSR  Pa^erns  Among  Members  Of  Same  Family  

Thank  you!  

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