mnimi - geniki psychologia

Post on 28-Aug-2015

220 Views

Category:

Documents

0 Downloads

Preview:

Click to see full reader

DESCRIPTION

MNIMI - GENIKI PSYCHOLOGIA

TRANSCRIPT

PAGE 14

. . ; , ; . , ( ) ( ). . .

, , ( ) .

, , . . . , . , , .

, , , . , .

.

. , . , , , . , .

1890 William James . James : . , . , . . , .

Hermann von Ebbinghaus . Ebbinghaus, ( ), , , . Ebbinghaus , .

, sir Frederic Bartlett Alfred Binet. Ebbinghaus . Bartlett , ( ). .

, , . .

, . , James , . Atkinson & Shiffrin (1968) James , .

(multistore model), : 1. (sensory store), 2. (short term store- STS), 3. (long term store- LTS).

Atkinson & Shiffrin, : (sensory register). . ( ). , (.., , .). , (iconic) (echoic) (Neisser,19XX). , . , ( ) (Broadbent, Cherry). . (). (Sperling, 1960, 1963) .

, (short term storeSTS). William James .

. , . . . , !

, , . , , , W. James. ( ), . 1.

Atkinson & Shiffrin. . , .

. . .

, . ; . (Morton, 1967).

. , .

Atkinson & Shiffrin , . , , . , . , ;

(free recall task), . , , 2 . , () , (). (Murdock, 1962). (serial position effect).

2

. . .

(primacy effect), (recency effect) {, 1995}.

. . . , ( ) . , , , {REFS}.

, ( Milner), ( ). .

. :

, (.., 4, 34, 475, 1297 .). , , . 7 . , , . , (chunks). , . ; . , , RAM ( ). ; . !

, !

, . , . , , .

Elman (REFS) . , . . ( ) .

Elman . , ( ) , . Elman 7 . , !

, Elman, .

Elman . 7 , 2 3 . , , 7 (7 ).

, Elman ! , Cognition, . , ! , Elman .

Elman ( ) , , ; : ( !) . , , . , ( ..).

Elman . (, .)

, . !

, , , . , .

, 7 ( ) ().

. ; . , ( ) . , , .

( ) . , .. , 4 . . , 2531821 , . (25-3-1821), . ; . , .. , .

(.., ). . .

. ; . Baddeley.

, , . , . , . , 3 ( ) .

3

. , . . (central executive). , (slave systems): ) (articulatory loop) ) (visuo-spatial scratch pad).

. , . , , .

, . (visual imagery). . . , . , .

, , . . ! . , , . (box and arrow). , () , . , , .

. , Atkinson & Shiffrin, .

(consolidation). .

. . . Craik & Lockhart (1972) Atkinson & Shiffrin , . , (levels of processing) . . . , , , .

. , () .

Craik & Lockhart . , , .

, . . . , :

. . , . Craik & Lockhart (Baddeley XXXX). . . , , Craik & Lockhart ! . Morris Craik & Lockhart (transfer appropriate processing). (.., , , .). . , , , , , , . ; , , . , , .

. , . , . . , ( , , .).

Morris . , () . , . , , . , .

, Morris .

. , , : , . , Ryle (1949) , (knowing how vs. knowing that). , Tulving (1972) (semantic vs. episodic memory)

:

2 + 2 = 4

.

.

, .

, , :

.

.

.

, . (, , .)

; , . , .

, , , . , , , .

, , , .

, Tulving. , () , . , , , , , . , .

, , . , . , .

, . .

. Squire , (declarative memory). . , , . , (, .). , , .

Squire (procedural memory). . , . , , , . , , ;

. , , . , , . , , . . Squire . . , Tulving . , . Squire , . , .

. . Squire . . , , Squire . Squire , ( ). Squire , Squire. Squire , .

. (, ). . Schacter (implicit, explicit memory). . , .

, : . ( ) . , , , , . . . , (.., ;). , !

, . , () .

. . , . , , , . : , , , . .

, , , (.., ).

, , . , , . . , , . , . .

, . ( -) ! , . .

.

, ; , , ., . , .

, , : , ; ; .

Squire . , . ; . . , . , . ( ) , . . . ; , Penfield.

Penfield . , , . . , . Penfield . , ! , . Penfield !

Penfield . , , . , Penfield . , , . . . , , . , . , , .

; :

().

().

, , .

.

. , , . , , . , . , , . . . , , . . , , () .

.

.

.

.

;

;

.

Newport, Elman Newport .

. . . , , .

. .

The importance of starting small.

O Squire .

top related