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Enabling Technologies for New Generation NetworkRecent Research & Funding Activities in NICT
Tetsuya Miyazaki and Naoya Wada
Photonic Network Research InstituteNational Institute of
Information & Communications Technology
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光ネットワーク領域の研究ビジョン
Integ. modulatorLightwave Devices lab.Dr. Tetsuya Kawanishi
Leading edge network ICT hardware
Network Architecture System Lab.Dr. Hiroaki Harai
NWGN to support the society of 2020Demonstration of NWGN technologies
Photonic Network System Lab.Dr. Naoya Wada
Creating hardware system beyond conventional technical limitations
Link Node
System
We promote R&D to realize sustainable future networks that canaccommodate explosively growing information traffic, while alsoreduce excessive power consumption and maintain availability.
Layer Integration
Photonic Network Research Institute
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Dissemination Phase
Fundamental & Basic Applied Practical Use
Research & Development PhaseProcess of ICT Development
High Risk Low RiskOutcomes needlong time
Outcomes reachedin short time
Sept. 29, 2013※MIC : Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications 2
Research done Research done by Industry by NICT Researchers and Academic Institutions
Work executed by NICT
NICT own research NICT Funding
NICT’s Role and Mission
and/orWork executedby Industry
MIC※Funding
2
Current Photonic NW Project Formation (selected)2005 2010 20152006 2007 2008 2009 2011 2012 2013 2014
2nd Mid‐Term Plan 3rd Mid‐Term PlanPhotonic Network R.I.
NICT ownRESEARCH
100 Tb/s class router architecture
Modulation Format (QPSK +),FEC, Lambda resource sharing
Terabit LAN, 100 GbE format
All optical RAMPhotonic crystal integrated bufferfor ultra low power consumption
Transparent expansion from access to core
O‐E Hybrid Packet Router
Optical Packet‐CircuitIntegrated Node Architecture
Wired &Wireless SeamlessTransmission
Innovative Fiber/ Infrastructure (EXAT)Multi‐core Fiber & Connector
Elastic & resilient NW
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Standardization 100GbE,Digital equalization
Underlined projects are proposed by NICT researchers of Photonic Network Research Institute.
MIC PJ100G Digital Coherent Tx/Rx, 100G DSP MIC PJ
400G DSP/MCF Inter Connection in Data
Center
MDM Transmission & Networking for SDM
Transparent expansion from access to core
Innovative Fiber/ Infrastructure (EXAT)Multi‐core Fiber & ConnectorMDM Transmission & Networking for SDM
NICT Fund
ing
(COMMISSIONED
RESEA
RCH)
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NICT provides large‐scale network testbed to promote NWGN R&D activities of Industries and Universities and also Foreign Research Institutes.
Fukuoka
Hiroshima Okayama
Osaka
Nagoya
Sendai
Korea
USA Thai Singapore China
International Link
International Link
Sapporo
KanazawaTokyo
NWGN Testbed
Line bit rateNICTHQ
Hokuriku
StarBED3
StarBed Cubic
Nation wide testbed for New Generation NW (NWGN)
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Dark fiber40 Gbps10 Gbps
0
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600
800
1000
1200
2005 2012 2020
502 570
1057
Growth of Traffic and Power of ICT equipment
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Surveys by Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, Japan Dec., 2012
http://www.soumu.go.jp/main_content/000065258.pdfSurveys by Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, Japan
1011Wh Forecast based on conventional technologies
Energy‐saving by innovative technologies
Power of ICT equipment in JapanDownstream Internet Traffic in Japan
In Japan, 1.9 Tera‐bps in downstream traffic (Dec. 2012). Tera: 1012 , Peta : 1015
Explosive growth of LTE subscriber number 20 Mill. by few yrs. (cf. FTTH 24 Mill. by 10 yrs) Power consumption is predicted to increase about 2 times if conventional technologies go on.
0
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800
1000
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1400
1600
1800
2000
2005.11 2006.11 2007.11 2008.11 2009.11 2010.11 2011.11 2012.11
Traffic
(Gbp
s)
1.9 Tbps
R&D of high capacity & energy efficient network technology is indispensable.
Current Optical Network
•Opaque electrical network•Many Opt. Elec. conversion
O/E conv.
Optical signal ElectricalFiber
Optical signal
E/O conv.Node
•Electrical processing << 1Tb/s•Parallel electrical processing by multi units Huge power consumption
~ 1MW @ 100Tbps
One approach : (Almost) All Optical NetworkFuture Optical Network
•Transparent throughout network(ideal)•Less Opt. Elec. Conversion
Optical Signal
Transparent optical switching for various bit‐rate, formatLow power consumptionSmall footprint
Digital Signal Processing Technologies are indispensable at edge or Add/Drop nodes.
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Remote Medicine
Disaster
Forecast
Taking care of
Children & Elders
E‐mail、Web
Intelligent Transportation
Tele‐working
Remote Reality for business meeting
Various Services must be covered simultaneously in network.
Expanding Variety of Network Services
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Data Center, Super Computer
Smart phone
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Remote MedicineData Center Sensor NW Mail, Web
Functional flexibility
Virtualization of resources
Software Defined Network : Solution for Diversity of Services
Flexibility in bandwidth provisioning is important to support increasing demand of “Isolated Slices” of optical infrastructure, especially in unpredictcable traffic demand.
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Inefficiency by individual operation of these switching schemes.Inflexible bandwidth management in circuit switching network.
Packet switching
C
Suitable communication schemes are necessary according to properties of contents.
Cost Quality
Issues in Switching schemes
Circuit (Path) Switching
Internet service Leased line service
Occupied bandwidth = High quality Bandwidth sharing = Low cost
2012 July9
• Diversity of Services– Best effort
• C/S, P2P, trillion sensors, …– E2E bandwidth dedication
• Video conf., remote surgery, …• Enhanced Functional Flexibility
– Integration (cf. OpenFlow)– Moving boundary control
• Efficient Energy Consumption– Inclusion of circuit switching– Optics in packet switching– Power saving in IP address lookup
New Generation Network – 3 Design Goals
H. Harai, IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Communications, Vol.E95‐B No.3 pp.714‐722 (2012).
Moving boundary
Wavelengths
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11
Packet switching
C
Circuit (Path) Switching
Cost Quality
Optical packet and circuit integrated networkOptical packet and circuit integrated network
Potential for lower power consumption and large capacity transmission by transparent optical switching technologies.
Providing diverse services, both best-effort (low cost) services and QoS guaranteed (high quality) services by OPS and OCS schemes.
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Optical Packet & Circuit Integrated Network• “Elastic optical networks” deal with optical paths with various spectral
bandwidth according to required bit-rate and transmission distance.• OPCI networks additionally handle optical signal with various duration time,
such as packet, burst, and stream (path) for further efficient resource usage. Physically, it is regarded as the 2-D elastic network.
2013 September 25 We.1.E.2 ECOC2013 12
tModulated optical signal
OFDMQPSKQAM
Spectral domain Elastic NetTime/Spectral domain Elastic Net
(OPCI Net)
t
Modulated optical signal
OFDMQPSKQAM
Optical Path
Optical Packet
Boundary
Optical Path
Optical Packet
BoundaryModulated
optical signal
OFDMQPSKQAM
tOptical Path
Narrow Wide Bundle Narrow Wide Bundle
We demonstrate the dynamic change between OPS and OCS links in one waveband.
M. Jinno, et.al, IEEE Commun. Mag., Vol. 47, 2009.
“Moving boundary between wavelength resources in Optical Packet and Circuit Integrated Ring Network” H.Furukawa et al., We.1.E.2, ECOC 2013
2013 September 25 We.1.E.2 ECOC2013
2013 September 25 We.1.E.2 ECOC2013 13
OPCI Node @2011• OPCI node for optical ring network (Client port, Network port)• 100Gbps OPS links, 10Gbps x 7‐wavelegth OCS links (OTN)• Client side: 10GbE (10GBASE‐LR, 10.3125Gbps, 1310nm)
H. Furukawa, et.al, Optics Express, vol.19, no.26, pp.B242‐B250, 2011.13
100GbpsOptical Packet (100G‐OP)Transponder
Optical Amplifiers
Switch Controller
4 x 4 SOASwitch Subsystem
10 Gbps OTNTransponders(10GbE/OTN)
WSS(Mux/Demux,OCS)
Optical Amplifiers
ROADM OPS
OPCI Node (2011)
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Multi‐ring OPCI‐Net and 3x3 Node with Optical Buffers• Developing both network‐layer and physical‐layer
technology to realize OPCI network• In 2011, a new OPS/OCS node has been developed
for ring networks.• Optical buffers were installed to the node. • 5‐node hopping and 244 km transmission in OPS
links and optical buffering operation for various length optical packet were reported in ECOC 2012.
Network layer(Routing, Signaling, Resource assignment)
Network layer(Routing, Signaling, Resource assignment)
Physical layer(EDFA, Switch, Buffer, Tx&Rx)
Physical layer(EDFA, Switch, Buffer, Tx&Rx)
Single‐ring topology Multi‐ring topology Mesh topology
2 x 2 OPS/OCS Node(2011)
3 x 3 OPS/OCS node
w/ optical buffers(2012)
Development roadmap
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H.Furukawa et al., “A Multi‐Ring Optical Packet and Circuit Integrated Network with Optical Buffering” , Optics Express, Vol. 20, No. 27, pp. 28764‐28771, 2012.
Hierarchical & Automatic Numbering Assignment for IP Address (HANA)
Current Internet
IP address allocation regardless of networkstructure, causes excessive routing table sizeand convergence time.
1.2.101.XX
Where is 「 1.2.100.10」 ?
3.2.100.XX
1.3.100.XX 1.2.010.XX
1.2.201.XX
3.2.111.XX
1.0.100.XX
1.2.001.XX 1.2.110.XX
1.2.000.XX
1.1.100.XX 1.2.100.XX
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Hierarchical Address Assign
• Down sizing (1/100) of routing table sizein 90% of BGP routers※
• High‐speed locator lookup• Energy saving in routing engineare possible.
1.2.XX.XX 3.2.XX.XX
1.2.100.XX3.2.100.XX
Where is 「 1.2.100.10」 ?
※Y. Song, L. Gao, and K. Fujikawa, "Resilient routing under hierarchical automatic addressing," in Proceedings of IEEE GLOBECOM 2011.
Low‐Power Packet Header Processing assisted by HANA• Power consumption bottleneck lies in TCAM based forwarding engine .• 40nm embedded DRAM based chip is 5 % of TCAM based one.
Multi‐Homing by HANA
Internet Backbone
HANA Router
2.2.X.X
2.2.22.X
1.1.X.X
1.1.22.X
1.1.22.1,2.2.22.1
Introducing into JGN‐X @2012
ISP2ISP1
DHCP
Currently, HANA‐capable routers have been working in JGN‐X's virtual routers.HANA with this chip is planned to be implemented in OPCI Node. 16
Y. Kuroda et al., CICC 2012.0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
Conventional TCAM Proposal
LogicStand-byBit line & sens amp.Word lineSearch lineMatch line
Curren
t Con
sumption[mA]
1325 mA
55.4mA
condition : process‐40 nm, R.T., 1.1 V,250Msps, 64k entries
Less than 5%
The chip was manufactured by NICT funding.
1P
100T
10T
1T
100G
10G
1G
100M1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
[bit/s]
Transm
ission Capacity per fibe
r
Year
Physical Limit (OSNR, Nonlinearity, fiber fuse)
Space Division Multiplexing to overcome the physical limit of SMF
ETDM
WDM
Modulation format
SDM
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Data Center ‐Power Consumption Problem‐
Power consumption > 100 MegaW !?
MIC project : “Multi‐Core Fiber Inter Connection in Data Center (2012‐14)”Simplified backplane connectionMuch easier daily management and faster disaster/ failure recoveryImproved cooling efficiency
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Sept. 29, 2013 IWOO 2013 19
TX RXOA OA OA
TX RXOA OA OA
TX RXOA OA OA
SDM : Parallelization in spaceWhy not simply using multi‐SMF transmission systems?
TX RXOA OA OA
Reduction of cost & energy per bit is essential
Integration19
IsolatorWDMcoupler
EDF(Single core)
Pump LD
・・・・・・・・・・
EDFA
MCF
Single core fiber
Fan‐inFan‐out
Separate core pumping
v
Shared Core Pumping
Core‐number of individual EDFAs(single core) arerequired.
19‐core EDFA
Pump LD
MC‐EDF
9.6mm
47mm
Φ 18mmΦ 9mm
Pump LD
10
・・・ MC‐isolator
19‐core EDF
Single integrated multi‐core EDFA prototype.
19‐core integrated single optical amplifier
WDMcoupler
J. Sakaguchi, et al., Th.1.C.6, ECOC 2013 20
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
EXAT Project (NICT funding) Timeline
Toward SDM fiber production•Long‐length, High core density MCF•Few mode + Multi core•Standardization of MCF
★ EXAT study group was founded by NICT with Industrial‐Academic‐GovernmentCooperation in January 2008.
Innovative Optical Comm. Infra.•Repeater amplifier•Connector•Transmission
Innovative Optical Fiber•Preform Design &manufacturing•Interface (Fan In/Out)•Splicing
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Sept. 29, 2013 IWOO 2013
Integration of the transmission channels
SMF 7‐core MCF(homogeneous core)
>7‐core MCF(e.g. 12 cores,19 cores & beyond)
Few‐mode MCF※Ultimate solution ?
7‐core MCF(heterogeneous core)
Few‐mode fiber
※ For example : C. Xia et. al., TuC4.2, pp.206‐207, IEEE Photonics Society Summer Topical Meeting Series, 2012.22
Elastic Time and Frequency plus Space Allocation• Elastic frequency allocation to enable:
– Support for high‐speed channels with arbitrary bandwidth requirements– Better spectral efficiency for lower bit rates
• Elastic time allocation for:– Efficient all‐optical switching of sub‐wavelength traffic– Finer all‐optical bandwidth granularities
• Space domain provides:– Additional dimension, e.g. for contention resolution– Increased capacity
time λ
Continuous channels at various bit‐rates
User traffic at various bit‐rates and modulation formats
Space
N. Amaya et al., Th.3 D3, ECOC Postdeadline Paper. 23
Frequency‐Stabilized Optical Two‐Tone Gen.
• Frequency quadrupler based on dual‐parallel MZM under high‐extinction‐ratio operation.• Even order harmonic tones is enhanced at bias voltage set at TOP point.• This technology has been applied to generate standard signal (103.97 GHz) in the Atacama
Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) Project, radio wave astronomy.
A. Kanno et al., IEEE Photon. J. 12, 2196 (2012).
25 GHz
A. Kanno et al., “Coherent Optical and Radio Seamless Transmission based on DSP‐aided Radio‐over‐Fiber Technology” OTu3D, OFC 2013. 24
Coherent Optical & Radio Seamless Transmission on DSP‐aided Radio‐over‐Fiber (RoF) Technology
• Exclusion of DSPs at RAU reduce the latency (and power consumption?)• Transmission impairments can be compensated by Coh. Rx.
Radio access unit
OpticalTx
O/E con
v.
DSP
Opt. sig.
Des.
Radio FE
Large latency
RoF‐based O‐R‐O system
Conventional Optical‐Radio‐Optical system
Opt. Sig.E/O con
v.
DSP
Ser.
Radio FE Optical
Rx
RoF TxRoF sig. Ra
dio FE
RoF sig.E/O con
v.
Radio FE Optical
coherent Rx
O/E con
v.
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A. Kanno et al., “Coherent Optical and Radio Seamless Transmission based on DSP‐aided Radio‐over‐Fiber Technology” OTu3D, OFC 2013.
Concept of Wired and Wireless SeamlessTransmission for Resilient Network
• Agile deployment capability for• Protection link against fiber being cut at disaster• Temporal link to temporary station at disaster recovery• “Last mile” solution until optical fiber deployment
High‐speed radio (> 10 Gbps)
Optical fiber
Temporary station
Radio Access Unit(RAU)
(> 100 Gbps)
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Foreign Object Debris (FOD) Detectionfor Airport Runways
Debris Examples of FOD
FOD on runways would be harmful for airplanes.
How to detect?By high resolution cameras or millimeter‐wave radars.
Coverage should be 3000m x 60m. Resolution should be better than a few inches.Reasonable CAPEX and OPEXRapid detection (faster than 30s)
Requirements
Concord was crashed by 3‐inches debris. Photo by Telegraph, UK.
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Conclusion1. How to cope with • Unpredictable growth of traffic demand • Increase of network power consumption• Service divergence, network resiliency … are technical issues in current optical network.
2. We are investigating • Hierarchical & Automatic Numbering Assignment for IP address• Optical Packet & Circuit Integrated (OPCI) node• Space Division Multiplexing(SDM) transmission• Wireless‐Wired seamless transmission by cross layer integration approach for future New Generation Network.
3. Global alliance is indispensable to accelerate research activities and also promote commercial use of research outcomes (ex. standardization).
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