reversible image hiding scheme using predictive coding and histogram shifting

Reversible image hiding scheme using predictive coding and histogram shifting

Piyu Tsia,Yu-Chen Hu,Hsiu-Lien YenSignal Processing日期:1月4號報告者:許睿中

IntroductionRelated worksThe proposed schemeExperimental resultsConclusions

Outline

Introduction

original image

EmbeddingAlgorithm

stego-image Secret Data

ExtractionAlgorithm

peak6 6 2 2 25 5 5 5 31 3 3 3 31 3 4 4 41 2 4 2 4

Related words – Ni et al.s scheme

pixels

Peak=3Zero=7

Original image

6 6 2 2 25 5 5 5 31 3 3 3 31 3 4 4 41 2 4 2 4

1 2 3 4 5 6 701234567

Zero

7 7 2 2 26 6 6 6 31 3 3 3 31 3 5 5 51 2 5 2 5

1 2 3 4 5 6 701234567

Related words – Ni et al.s scheme

7 7 2 2 26 6 6 6 31 3 3 3 31 3 5 5 51 2 5 2 5

Secret data=101100

1 2 3 4 5 6 701234567

pixels

7 7 2 2 26 6 6 6 41 3 4 4 31 3 5 5 51 2 5 2 5

1 2 3 4 5 6 70

1

2

3

4

5

6

stego-image

pixel 0data1pixel 1data

154 155 155 155 154 151

154 154 155 156 154 151

153 154 155 156 154 151

153 154 155 156 154 151

154 154 154 154 153 151

155 154 153 152 151 150

154 155 155 155 154 151

154 154 155 156 154 151

153 154 155 156 154 151

153 154 155 156 154 151

154 154 154 154 153 151

155 154 153 152 151 150

The proposed scheme-embedding

Original image

error value=basic pixel-residual pixelr r rr b rr r r

0 -1 -1

0 154 -1

1 0 -1

-3 -1 2

-1 153 2

1 2 3

1 0 -1

0 154 0

-1 0 1

-1 0 3

-2 154 3

-2 0 3

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 40

2

4

6

8

10

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 40

2

4

6

8

10

The proposed scheme-embedding

0 -1 -1 -1 0 3

0 154 -1 -2 154 3

1 0 -1 -2 0 3

1 0 -1 -3 -1 2

0 154 0 -1 153 2

-1 0 1 1 2 3

residual value

peakpeak

zero zero

peak=-1,zero=-4peak=0,zero=4

0 -1 -1 -1 0 4

0 154 -1 -3 154 4

2 0 -1 -3 0 4

2 0 -1 -4 -1 3

0 154 0 -1 153 3

-1 0 2 2 2 4

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 40

2

4

6

8

10

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 401234567

The proposed scheme-embedding

0 -1 -1 -1 0 4

0 154 -1 -3 154 4

2 0 -1 -3 0 4

2 0 -1 -4 -1 3

0 154 0 -1 153 3

-1 0 2 2 2 4

Secret data={11000 00100 10100 110}

0 -1 -1 -1 0 4

0 154 -1 -3 154 4

2 0 -1 -3 0 4

2 0 -1 -4 -1 3

0 154 0 -1 153 3

-1 0 2 2 2 4

1021

1

0011

0

valuedatavaluedata

value

valuedatavaluedata

value

1 -2 -1 -1 0 4

0 154 -1 -3 154 4

2 1 -1 -3 0 4

2 1 -1 -4 -2 3

0 154 0 -2 153 3

-2 0 2 2 2 4

The proposed scheme-embedding

1 -2 -1 -1 0 4

0 154 -1 -3 154 4

2 1 -1 -3 0 4

2 1 -1 -4 -2 3

0 154 0 -2 153 3

-2 0 2 2 2 4

residual pixel=basic pixel-error value

153 156 155

154 154 155

152 153 155

157 155 150

155 153 150

151 151 149

152 153 155

154 154 154

156 154 152

155 154 150

157 154 150

157 154 150

stego image

r r rr b rr r r

153 156 155 155 154 150

154 154 155 157 154 150

152 153 155 157 154 150

152 153 155 157 155 156

154 154 154 155 153 150

156 154 152 151 151 149

153 156 155 155 154 150

154 154 155 157 154 150

152 153 155 157 154 150

152 153 155 157 155 150

154 154 154 155 153 150

156 154 152 151 151 149

The proposed scheme-extraction1 -2 -1 -1 0 4

0 154 -1 -3 154 4

2 1 -1 -3 0 4

2 1 -1 -4 -2 3

0 154 0 -2 153 3

-2 0 2 2 2 4 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 402468

10

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 401234567

Secret data={11000 00100 10100 110}

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 402468

100 -1 -1 -1 0 3

0 154 -1 -2 154 3

1 0 -1 -2 0 3

1 0 -1 -3 -1 2

0 154 0 -1 153 2

-1 0 1 1 2 3

154 155 155 155 154 151

154 154 155 156 154 151

153 154 155 156 154 151

153 154 155 156 154 151

154 154 154 154 153 151

155 154 153 152 151 150

Experimental results

0 -1 -1 -1

0 5 -1 -2

1 0 -1 -2

1 0 -1 -2

5 6 6 65 5 6 74 5 6 74 5 6 7

0 -1 -1 6

0 5 -1 7

1 0 -1 7

4 5 6 7

Experimental results

5 6 6 65 5 6 74 5 6 74 5 6 7

3*3

4*4

Experimental results

Experimental results-Ni et al.s scheme VS This scheme

Ni et al’s schemepeak=16591可藏 16591個 bit

This schemepeak=23723peak=13539可藏 37262個 bit

Experimental results

hide capacity=38771PSNR=49.056db

hide capacity=11416PSNR=48.787db

hide capacity=58281PSNR=49.259db

The proposed scheme intends to improve the histogram-based data hiding scheme which embeds secret data into the peak points of the image histogram.

To achieve a higher hiding capacity , secret data are embedded in the residual images instead of the image histogram.

Conclusions