snp database 張學偉 助理教授 高雄醫學大學 生物醫學暨環境生物學系. snp =...

SNP database

張學偉 助理教授

高雄醫學大學生物醫學暨環境生物學系

SNP = Single Nucleotide Polymorphism

(read in SNiP)

Genetic Polymorphism: A difference in DNA sequence among

individuals, groups, or populations.

Genetic Mutation: A change in the nucleotide sequence of a

DNA molecule. Genetic mutations are a kind of genetic polymorphism.

SNPs are an abundant form of common genome variation, distinguished from rare variations by a requirement for the least abundant allele to have a frequency of 1% or more.

Definition of SNP

4 states of a SNP are possible (A,T,C,G)

TCATCTGTGGGAAGGGAGTCCCTGGCTATACTGCCCCCACCACAGCTCCTCATCTGTGGGAAGGGAGTCCCTGGCTTATACTGCCCCCACCACAGCTCCTCATCTGTGGGAAGGGAGTCCCTGGCTCATACTGCCCCCACCACAGCTCCTCATCTGTGGGAAGGGAGTCCCTGGCTGATACTGCCCCCACCACAGCTCCTCATCTGTGGGAAGGGAGTCCCTGGCTAATACTGCCCCCACCACAGCTCCTCATCTGTGGGAAGGGAGTCCCTGGCTTATACTGCCCCCACCACAGCTCCTCATCTGTGGGAAGGGAGTCCCTGGCTCATACTGCCCCCACCACAGCTCCTCATCTGTGGGAAGGGAGTCCCTGGCTGATACTGCCCCCACCACAGCTCCTCATCTGTGGGAAGGGAGTCCCTGGCTCATACTGCCCCCACCACAGCTCCTCATCTGTGGGAAGGGAGTCCCTGGCTCATACTGCCCCCACCACAGCTCCTCATCTGTGGGAAGGGAGTCCCTGGCTTATACTGCCCCCACCACAGCTCCTCATCTGTGGGAAGGGAGTCCCTGGCTCATACTGCCCCCACCACAGCTCCTCATCTGTGGGAAGGGAGTCCCTGGCTTATACTGCCCCCACCACAGCTCCTCATCTGTGGGAAGGGAGTCCCTGGCTCATACTGCCCCCACCACAGCTCCTCATCTGTGGGAAGGGAGTCCCTGGCTCATACTGCCCCCACCACAGCTCCTCATCTGTGGGAAGGGAGTCCCTGGCTTATACTGCCCCCACCACAGCTCC

dif

fere

nt

alle

les

TCATCTGTGGGAAGGGAGTCCCTGGCTTATACTGCCCCCACCACAGCTCCTCATCTGTGGGAAGGGAGTCCCTGGCTTATACTGCCCCCACCACAGCTCCTCATCTGTGGGAAGGGAGTCCCTGGCTCATACTGCCCCCACCACAGCTCCTCATCTGTGGGAAGGGAGTCCCTGGCTTATACTGCCCCCACCACAGCTCCTCATCTGTGGGAAGGGAGTCCCTGGCTTATACTGCCCCCACCACAGCTCCTCATCTGTGGGAAGGGAGTCCCTGGCTCATACTGCCCCCACCACAGCTCCTCATCTGTGGGAAGGGAGTCCCTGGCTTATACTGCCCCCACCACAGCTCCTCATCTGTGGGAAGGGAGTCCCTGGCTCATACTGCCCCCACCACAGCTCCTCATCTGTGGGAAGGGAGTCCCTGGCTCATACTGCCCCCACCACAGCTCCTCATCTGTGGGAAGGGAGTCCCTGGCTCATACTGCCCCCACCACAGCTCCTCATCTGTGGGAAGGGAGTCCCTGGCTTATACTGCCCCCACCACAGCTCCTCATCTGTGGGAAGGGAGTCCCTGGCTCATACTGCCCCCACCACAGCTCCTCATCTGTGGGAAGGGAGTCCCTGGCTTATACTGCCCCCACCACAGCTCCTCATCTGTGGGAAGGGAGTCCCTGGCTCATACTGCCCCCACCACAGCTCCTCATCTGTGGGAAGGGAGTCCCTGGCTCATACTGCCCCCACCACAGCTCCTCATCTGTGGGAAGGGAGTCCCTGGCTTATACTGCCCCCACCACAGCTCC

dif

fere

nt

alle

les

But the diallelic type is the most common SNP (e.g. T->C)

Abundance of SNP

0.3% of genome

•SNPs are the most simple form and most common source of genetic polymorphism in the human genome (90% of all human DNA polymorphisms).

• Most common form of genetic variation-Genetic linkage studies-Genome-wide association studies

• Indicate predisposition to-Disease predisposition and onset-Drug tolerance-Drug efficacy

• Genome SNP scans will uncover gene function, and define new drug targets

• SNPs will enable physicians to personalize therapy

Why are SNPs Important?Why are SNPs Important?Why are SNPs Important?Why are SNPs Important?

1. Most commonly changes Transitions pu to pu/ py to py Transversion py to pu/ pu to py

2. Single-base insertions & deletion (indel)

(3. Simple nucleotide polymorphism) two-nucleotide changes &

small indels up to a few nucleotides

Classification of SNP- I

Classification of SNP-II

1. Non-coding SNPs

2. Coding SNPs

3‘,5’-NTR (non-transcribed region)3‘,5’-UTR (untranslated region)Intronintergenic

Replacemental polymorphism (change a.a.)Synonymous polymorphism (unchange a.a.)

SNPs will be evenly distributed across the human genome

~ 25,000 non-synonymous cSNPs

~ 50,000 synonymous cSNPs

~ 25,000 regulatory region SNPs

~ 50,000 intragenic non-coding SNPs

~ 50,000 distributed intergenic SNPs

Distribution of SNP

TRENDS in Molecular Medicine Vol.8 No.6 June 2002, page 288.

From 283 2個 SNP

From 283 2個 SNP

http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1471-2164-7-30.pdf