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7/28/2019 Anat0mi Pmdm API

1/19

EXTINGUISHER

BASICS

DD


2/19

Objectives

Understand the combustion process and

different fire classes.

Understand fire extinguisher types, operatingprocedures, capabilities, and limitations.

Understand basic firefighting concepts:o R.A.C.E.

o P.A.S.S.


3/19

The Combustion Process

THE FIRE TETRAHEDRON

FUEL

TEMPERATURE


4/19

Fire ClassesA Trash Wood Paper C Electrical Equipment

B Liquids Grease D Combustible Metals

D

wood cloth

paper

rubber

many plastics

gasoline

oil

grease

tar

oil-basedpaint

lacquer

flammablegases

energizedelectricalequipment

magnesium

sodium

potassium titanium

zirconium

otherflammablemetals


5/19

Newly Designated

Fire Class

K Cooking Media

Recently recognized by NFPA 10.

Fires involving combustiblevegetable or animal non-saturated cooking fats in

commercial cooking equipment.

CLASS K FIRES


6/19

Anatomy of a Fire Extinguisher

DISCHARGE HOSE

DISCHARGE NOZZLE

DISCHARGE ORIFICE

BODY

DATA PLATE

CARRYING

HANDLE

PRESSURE GAUGE

(not found on CO2extinguishers)

DISCHARGE LEVER

DISCHARGE LOCKING PIN

AND SEAL


7/19

Fire Extinguisher Ratings

NUMERIC RATING FIRE CLASS RANGEINDICATES THE SIZE FIRE THE

EXTINGUISHING AGENT CAN

CONTROL 1-A thru 40-A

A Trash Wood Paper

INDICATES THE ROOM SIZE IN

SQUARE FEET WHEREFLAMMABLE LIQUIDS ARE

STORED THAT THE EXTINGUISHER

WILL CONTROL

1-B thru 640-B

B Flammable Liquids Grease

C Electrical EquipmentNO NUMERIC VALUE IS PROVIDED.

AGENT IS EITHER SAFE OR UNSAFE

WITH REGARD TO ELECTRICITY.N/A

NOT APPLICABLE DUE TO THE

SPECIALIZED NATURE OF

COMBUSTIBLE METAL FIRES.N/A

COMBUSTIBLE

METALS

K Cooking Media 1-A:C:K or 2-A:C:K

D

INDICATES THE SIZE FIRE THEEXTINGUISHING AGENT CAN

CONTROL


8/19

Choosing A Fire ExtinguisherFIRE CLASS APPROPRIATE EXTINGUISHER TYPES

PRESSURIZED WATER, MULTIPURPOSE DRY

CHEMICAL, LARGER SIZE HALON, WET CHEMICAL

MULTIPURPOSE DRY CHEMICAL, CARBON DIOXIDE,

HALON/HALON ALTERNATIVES

MULTIPURPOSE DRY CHEMICAL, CARBON DIOXIDE,

HALON/HALON ALTERNATIVES, WET CHEMICAL

COMBUSTIBLE METAL EXTINGUISHERD

D COMBUSTIBLE METALS

B Liquids Grease

C Electrical Equipment

A Trash Wood Paper

K Cooking Media

WET CHEMICAL


9/19

Fire Extinguisher Types

Class A fires only.

2.5 gal. water at 150-175 psi (up to 1

minute discharge time).

Has pressure gauge to allow visualcapacity check.

30-40 ft. maximum effective range.

Can be started and stopped asnecessary.

Extinguishes by coolingburning

material below the ignition point.

PRESSURIZED WATER

A Trash Wood Paper

B Liquids Grease


A Trash Wood Paper

B Liquids Grease



10/19

Fire Extinguisher Types (cont.)

Class B or B:C fires.

2.5-100 lb. of CO2 gas at 150-

200 psi (8-30 seconds discharge

time).

Has NO pressure gauge--

capacity verified by weight.


Extinguishes by smothering

burning materials.

Effectiveness decreases as

temperature of burning material

increases.

CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2)

A Trash Wood Paper

B Liquids Grease


A Trash Wood Paper

B Liquids Grease



11/19


Class A, B, or C fires.

2.5-20 lb. dry chemical (ammonium

phosphate) pressurized to 50-200 psi

by nitrogen gas (8-25 seconds

discharge time).

Has pressure gauge to allow visual

capacity check.


Extinguishes by smotheringburning

materials.

MULTIPURPOSE DRY CHEMICAL

A Trash Wood Paper

B Liquids Grease


A Trash Wood Paper

B Liquids Grease



12/19


Class A, B, or C fires (smallersizes ineffective against Class A).

9-17 lb. Halon 1211 (pressurized liquid)

released as vapor(8-18 seconds

discharge time).

Has pressure gauge to allow visualcapacity check.


Works best in confined area--ideal for

electronics fire due to lack of residue.

Extinguishes by smotheringburningmaterials.

Fumes toxic if inhaled.

Halon is ozone depleting chemical--

production halted in Jan 94.

HALON/HALON ALTERNATIVES

A Trash Wood Paper

B Liquids Grease

C Electr ical Equipment

A Trash Wood Paper

B Liquids Grease



13/19


Class D combustible metal firesonly.

30 lb. pressurized dry powder

optimized for specific combustible

metal (also available in bulkcontainers for hand scooping onto

fire to extinguish).


To activate, must first opennitrogen cylinder on back to

pressurize body.

Extinguishes by smothering

burning materials.

COMBUSTIBLE METAL

D

COMBUSTIBLE

METALS


14/19


Class A, C, and K fires. 1.5 gal. of stored pressure PRX

wet chemical extinguishing

agent (40 sec. discharge time).

10-12 ft. maximum effectiverange.

On Class K fires, dont use

until after fixed extinguishing

system has activated. Extinguishes by coolingand

forming foam blanket to prevent

reignition.

WET CHEMICAL

A Trash Wood PaperA Trash Wood Paper

C Electrical EquipmentC Electrical Equipment

K Cooking Media


15/19

Fire Extinguisher SummaryEXTINGUISHER TYPE WORKS BY EFFECTIVE AGAINST

PRESSURIZEDWATER

CARBON

DIOXIDE

MULTIPURPOSE

DRY CHEMICAL

HALON

COMBUSTIBLE

METAL

COOLING

SMOTHERING

SMOTHERING

SMOTHERING

SMOTHERING

D

WET CHEMICALCOOLING/

SMOTHERING


16/19

Fire Emergency Response

R Rescue

Alarm

Contain

Extinguish

A

C

E


17/19

Firefighting Fight or Flee Know department/company emergency

procedures and evacuation routes. Know locations of extinguishers in your area and

how to use them.

Always sound the alarm regardless of fire size.

Avoid smoky conditions. Ensurearea is evacuated.

Dont attempt to fight unless:

Alarm is sounded.

Fire is small and contained.

You have safe egress route (can be reached withoutexposure to fire).

Available extinguishers are rated for size and type offire.

If in doubt, evacuate!


18/19

Fighting the Fire

Sweep side to side

Aim low at the

base of flames

Squeeze the

handle

Pull the pinP

A

S

S


19/19

Summary

Combustion process (Fire Tetrahedron). Class A, B, C, D, K fires.

Types of portable fire extinguishers:

Operating procedures.

Capabilities and limitations.

Basic firefighting concepts:

P.A.S.S.

R.A.C.E.

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