Ảnh hưởng của mức Độ thỏa mãn công việc Đến sự gắn kết của nhân viên...

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LI CAM OAN

Ti xin cam oan ti lun vn nh hng ca mc tha mn cng vic n

s gn kt ca nhn vin vi t chc ti cc n v vn ti ng b trn a bn

TPHCM l cng trnh nghin cu ca ring ti.

C s l lun tham kho t cc ti liu c nu phn ti liu tham kho, s liu v

kt qu c trnh by trong lun vn l trung thc, khng sao chp ca bt c cng

trnh nghin cu no trc y.

TP. H Ch Minh, ngy 12 thng 10 nm 2010

Ngi thc hin lun vn

NG TH NGC H

B GIO DC V O TO TRNG I HC KINH T TP.HCM

---------------------------

NG TH NGC H

NH HNG CA MC THA MN CNG VIC N S GN KT CA NHN VIN VI T CHC

TI CC N V VN TI NG B TRN A BN TPHCM

Chuyn ngnh : Qun tr kinh doanh M s : 60.34.05

LUN VN THC S KINH T

NGI HNG DN KHOA HC : PGS.TS. TRN KIM DUNG

TP. H Ch Minh - Nm 2010

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LI CAM OAN

Ti xin cam oan ti lun vn nh hng ca mc tha mn cng vic n

s gn kt ca nhn vin vi t chc ti cc n v vn ti ng b trn a bn

TPHCM l cng trnh nghin cu ca ring ti.

C s l lun tham kho t cc ti liu c nu phn ti liu tham kho, s liu v

kt qu c trnh by trong lun vn l trung thc, khng sao chp ca bt c cng

trnh nghin cu no trc y.


Ngi thc hin lun vn

NG TH NGC H

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LI CM N

ti lun vn thc s nh hng ca mc tha mn cng vic n s gn kt

ca nhn vin vi t chc ti cc n v vn ti ng b trn a bn TPHCM

c hon thnh l kt qu ca mt qu trnh hc tp, nghin cu v vn dng nhng

tri thc c hc trong sut 2 nm lp cao hc Qun tr kinh doanh kha 16

Trng i Hc Kinh T TPHCM vi mong mun gp phn nng cao cng tc qun

tr ngun nhn lc ti n v cng tc ni ring v cho ngnh GTVT ng b ti

TPHCM ni chung.

Kt qu ny khng ch l s phn u ca bn thn m cn c s tr gip ca Qu

Thy, C Trng i hc Kinh t TP.HCM ht lng tn ty, truyn t nhng kin

thc qu bu trong sut thi gian hc ti Trng.

Xin chn thnh gi li cm n su sc n:

- Qu Thy, C Trng i hc Kinh t TP.HCM, c bit l PGS.Tin s Trn Kim

Dung tn tnh hng dn phng php nghin cu khoa hc v ni dung ti.

- Ch L Trung Tnh Trng phng Qun l Vn Ti & Cng Nghip S Giao

Thng Vn Ti TPHCM tn tnh gip ti trong qu trnh thu thp d liu nghin

cu.

- Lnh o HTX Xe Khch LT DL & DV Thng Nht to iu kin cho ti theo hc

kha hc ny.

Cui cng xin chn thnh cm n gia nh, cc anh ch ng nghip, bn b ht lng

ng vin to mi iu kin gip ti hon thnh lun vn tt nghip ny.

Xin chn thnh cm n.


Ngi thc hin lun vn

NG TH NGC H

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MC LC

TrangDANH MC CC K HIU, CH VIT TT.... 5DANH MC CC BNG,BIU , HNH, PHNG TRNH6TM TT 8

PHN M U

1.L do chn ti.... 92. Mc tiu nghin cu...113. Phm vi, i tng v phng php nghin cu. 114. ngha thc tin ca nghin cu ... 125. Cu trc nghin cu. 13

CHNG 1 : C S L LUN ..141.1 L thuyt v tha mn cng vic.14

1.1.1 nh ngha141.1.2 Cc thnh phn ca tha mn cng vic...151.1.3 o lng mc tha mn cng vic 18

1.2 L thuyt v gn kt vi t chc.191.2.1 nh ngha191.2.2 Cc thnh phn gn kt vi t chc.191.2.3 o lng mc gn kt vi t chc. 22

1.3 Mi quan h gia tha mn cng vic v gn kt vi t chc... 221.4 M hnh v gi thuyt nghin cu.. 241.5 Tm tt29

CHNG2 : PHNG PHP NGHIN CU 302.1 Thit k nghin cu..........................302.2 Phng php chn mu v x l s liu 32

2.2.1 Phng php chn mu322.2.2 Phng php x l s liu ...32

2.3 Xy dng thang o..332.3.1 Thang o s tha mn cng vic..33

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2.3.2 Thang o s gn kt vi t chc..372.4 Tm tt....................................................................38

CHNG 3 : X L S LIU V KT QU NGHIN CU.393.1 M t mu...................... 393.2 nh gi s b thang o. 40

3.2.1 nh gi s b thang o mc tha mn cng vic 403.2.2 nh gi s b thang o mc gn kt vi t chc . 42

3.3 Phn tch nhn t khm ph (EFA).433.3.1 Kim nh thang o o lng mc tha mn cng vic..443.3.2 Kim nh thang o o lng mc gn kt vi t chc..48

3.4 Phn tch hi quy..523.4.1 Phn tch hi quy nh hng ca tha mn cng vic n tho mn chung543.4.2 Phn tch hi quy nh hng ca tha mn cng vic n s gn kt vi t

chc.. 59 3.4.3 Tho lun kt qu.663.5 Tm tt.69

CHNG 4 : GII PHP V KIN NGH704.1 Gii php 704.2 Kin ngh 78

NGHA V KT LUN............ 79GII HN NGHIN CU V NGH CHO NGHIN CU TIP THEO 80

TI LIU THAM KHO..81Ph lc 1 : Dn bi tho lun nhm....83Ph lc 2 : Bng cu hi nghin cu nh lng.........................................................85Ph lc 3 : nh gi tin cy ca cc thang o........................................................ 88Ph lc 4 : Kt qu phn tch nhn t 96Ph lc 5 : Kt qu phn tch hi quy. 101Ph lc 6 : Danh sch cc n v vn ti trn a bn TPHCM.106

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DANH MC CC K HIU, CH VIT TT

1. JDI : Ch s m t cng vic (Job Descriptive Index). 2. GS : Tha mn chung 3. JS : Tha mn cng vic (Job sastisfation) 4. SUP : Lnh o5. PRO : C hi o to v thng tin6. COW : ng nghip7. TRADE : Thng hiu8. PAY : Lng 9. WLD : p lc cng vic10. WORK : Bn cht cng vic11. AC : Gn kt v tnh cm (Affective Commitment) 12. CC : Gn kt duy tr (Continuance Commitment) 13. NC : Gn kt v o c (Normative Commitment) 14. EFA : Phn tch nhn t khm ph (Exploratory Factor Analysis) 15. KMO : H s Kaiser - Mayer Olkin 16. Sig. : Mc ngha quan st (Observed significance level) 17. VIF : H s nhn t phng i phng sai

(Variance inflation factor)18. SPSS : Phn mm thng k cho khoa hc x hi

(Statistical Package for the Social Sciences)19. VTHK : Vn ti hnh khch 20. HTX : Hp tc x 21. WTO : T chc thng mi th gii 22. GTVT : Giao thng vn ti 23. BHXH : Bo him x hi 24. BHYT : Bo him y t

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DANH MC CC BNG

TrangBng 3-1: Bng c cu mu kho st theo loi hnh doanh nghip 39Bng 3-2: Bng kt qu Cronbachs Alpha ca thang o cc thnh phn

tha mn cng vic. 40Bng 3-3: Bng tng kt h s tin cy ca cc thnh phn thang o

s tha mn cng vic. 42Bng 3-4: Bng kt qu Cronbachs Alpha ca thang o cc thnh phn

gn kt vi t chc.. 42Bng 3-5: Bng tng kt h s tin cy ca cc thnh phn thang o

s gn kt. 43Bng 3-6: Bng kt qu phn tch EFA i vi thang o o lng mc

tha mn cng vic 46Bng 3-7: Bng kt qu phn tch EFA i vi thang o o lng mc

gn kt vi t chc .. 49Bng 3-8: Bng tm tt kt qu kim nh thang o. 50

Bng 3-9: Bng ma trn tng quan. 53

Bng 3-10: Bng thng s ca tng bin trong phng trnh hi quy cc yu

t nh hng n s tha mn chung. 55Bng 3-11: Bng kt qu kim nh s tng quan gia cc phn d 57Bng 3-12: Bng kt qu ca gi tr thng k v tc ng ca cc yu t

thnh phn cng vic n s tha mn chung 58Bng 3-13: Bng kt qu hi quy v tc ng ca cc yu t thnh phn

cng vic n s tha mn chung 58Bng 3-14: Bng kt qu ca gi tr thng k v tc ng ca cc yu t

thnh phn cng vic n s gn kt v tnh cm ca nhn vin vi t chc.. 60Bng 3-15: Bng kt qu hi quy v tc ng ca cc yu t thnh phn

cng vic n s gn kt v tnh cm ca nhn vin vi t chc 60Bng 3-16: Bng kt qu ca gi tr thng k v tc ng ca cc yu t 61

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thnh phn cng vic n s gn kt duy tr ca nhn vin vi t chc.

Bng 3-17: Bng kt qu hi quy v tc ng ca cc yu t thnh phn

cng vic n s gn kt duy tr ca nhn vin vi t chc62Bng 3-18: Bng kt qu ca gi tr thng k v tc ng ca cc yu t

thnh phn cng vic n s gn kt v o c ca nhn vin vi t chc63Bng 3-19: Bng kt qu hi quy v tc ng ca cc yu t thnh phn

cng vic n s gn kt v o c ca nhn vin vi t chc.. 64Bng 3-20: Bng tng kt nh hng ca cc yu t thnh phn cng vic n s tha mn chung v gn kt ca nhn vin vi t chc 65

DANH MC BIU Biu 3-1: Biu tn s ca phn d chun ha.56Biu 3-2: Biu Q-Q Plot. 56Biu 3-3: th phn tn Scatter Plot 57

DANH MC HNHHnh 1- 1: M hnh o lng s gn kt ca nhn vin i vi t chc

(Stum,2001). 23Hnh 1-2 : M hnh v cc gi thuyt nghin cu ngh. 25Hnh 2-1: Quy trnh nghin cu31Hnh 3-1: M hnh nghin cu iu chnh sau khi thc hin EFA 51

DANH MC PHNG TRNHPhng trnh 3-1 : Phng trnh hi quy cc yu t nh hng n tha

mn chung. 59Phng trnh 3-2 : Phng trnh hi quy cc yu t nh hng n s gn kt

v tnh cm 61Phng trnh 3-3 : Phng trnh hi quy cc yu t nh hng n s gn kt duy tr 63Phng trnh 3-4 : Phng trnh hi quy cc yu t nh hng n s gn kt

v o c 65

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TM TT

Nghin cu c thc hin nhm o lng: (a) mc tha mn cng vic, (b) mc

gn kt ca nhn vin i vi t chc, (c) o lng nh hng ca tha mn cng

vic n s gn kt ca nhn vin vi t chc.

Nghin cu c thc hin da trn c s l thuyt v kha cnh thnh phn tha mn

cng vic ca Smith et al (1969) v v kha cnh cc thnh phn gn kt ca nhn vin

vi t chc ca Meyer & Allen (1991). Nghin cu s dng phng php phn tch

nhn t khm ph EFA v kim tra tin cy Cronbach alpha xy dng v kim

nh thang o c thc hin vi mu kho st 325 nhn vin vn phng lm vic ti

cc n v ngnh vn ti ng b trn a bn Thnh ph H Ch Minh.

Kt qu nghin cu cho thy, thang o mc tha mn cng vic c 7 thnh phn vi

37 bin quan st, bao gm : lnh o; c hi o to v thng tin; ng nghip;

thng hiu; lng; p lc cng vic v cui cng l bn cht cng vic. Thang o s

gn kt vi t chc c 3 thnh phn: gn kt v tnh cm; gn kt duy tr v gn kt

v o c vi 19 bin quan st.

Kt qu nghin cu cho thy 3 thnh phn gn kt vi t chc u b nh hng bi 7

thnh phn tha mn cng vic ca nhn vin, trong thnh phn yu t c hi o

to v thng tin l nh hng nhiu nht. iu cho thy rng thc t hin nay nhn

vin rt ch trng n vn c o to, trau di v thng tin ngh nghip.

V ngha thc tin, kt qu nghin cu s l c s khoa hc v khch quan gip cho

cc nh lnh o trong cc n v ngnh vn ti hiu r hn v nhn vin ng thi

a ra gii php nng cao s tha mn cng vic v gn kt ca nhn vin i vi

doanh nghip.

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PHN M U

1. L do chn ti nghin cu

S tha mn cng vic cng nh s gn kt ca nhn vin i vi t chc gi vai

tr rt quan trng v quyt nh i vi s thnh cng trong vic pht trin ca t chc

trong mi trng cnh tranh. Khi nhn vin tha mn vi cng vic s c ng lc lm

vic cao hn, s gn b v trung thnh hn vi t chc. y cng chnh l iu m cc

doanh nghip lun mong mun t c t nhn vin ca mnh.

Sau 3 nm chnh thc tr thnh thnh vin ca t chc thng mi quc t

(WTO), Vit Nam c nhiu bc pht trin vt bc song vn cn tn ti nhng biu

hin yu km trong cng tc qun l ngun nhn lc v y cng chnh l ro cn cho

s pht trin ca nn kinh t t nc ni chung v ca doanh nghip ni ring. Vi

nhng p lc cnh tranh gay gt nh hin nay km theo chnh sch thu ht v gi nhn

ti ca cc t chc cha c su sc chnh v th ch trong mt thi gian rt ngn, hu

ht cc n v s ngnh trn a bn Tp.HCM u phi i mt vi hng lot nhng

cuc ra i ca cc cn b - nhn vin trong c khng t ngi sn sng t b nhng

v tr ch cht tm n nhng cng vic khc tt hn. Trong nhng nm gn y,

vn nhn vin ngh vic trong cc doanh nghip c nhc n kh nhiu song vn

cha c c hng i v cch lm c th lm gim ln sng ngh vic ang len li

trong cc t chc, trong c cc doanh nghip trong ngnh vn ti.

Lm th no nhn vin tha mn trong cng vic v gn kt vi t chc lun

l vn kh khn t ra cho cc nh lnh o doanh nghip. tr li cho cu hi

trn nhiu nh nghin cu trn th gii cng nh Vit Nam tm ra mi quan h

gia tha mn cng vic v s gn kt vi t chc cho tng lnh vc nghin cu ca

mnh chng hn nh lnh vc y t (nghin cu ca Mahmoud AL-Hussami , 2008),

lnh vc dch v khch sn (Andrew Hale Feinstein), lnh vc thu (Cemile Celik),

Vit Nam th c nghin cu ca Trn Kim Dung (2005) v Nhu cu, s tha mn ca

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nhn vin v s gn kt vi t chc.

Nghin cu nh hng ca tha mn cng vic n s gn kt ca nhn vin vi

t chc cc n v vn ti ng b ti Thnh ph H Ch Minh l mt nghin cu

mi trong lnh vc, ngnh giao thng vn ti (GTVT). Trong qu trnh cng c nc i

ln hi nhp vi nn kinh t ton cu, mi cp, mi ngnh u phi xc nh cho mnh

phng hng pht trin sao cho ph hp v em li hiu qu cao nht. Vi vai tr l

mt ngnh dch v c bit, quan trng ng th t sau ngnh cng nghip khai thc,

ch bin v sn xut nng nghip, GTVT gp phn iu khin cc hot ng kinh t,

phc v nhu cu i li ca ngi dn, gip cho cc hot ng sinh hot ca ngi dn

c din ra lin tc. Thnh ph H Ch Minh l thnh ph c s lng u xe phc v

cho nhu cu sn xut kinh doanh v nhu cu i li ca ngi dn chim ng o nht,

vi trn 20.000 phng tin ln nh, hot ng ti hn 200 n v vn ti mi thnh

phn kinh t khc nhau (kinh t tp th, kinh t t nhn, kinh t nh nc...). Vi p

lc cnh tranh ngy cng gia tng gia cc doanh nghip vn ti c c hiu qu

kinh doanh cao nht i hi cc doanh nghip vn ti phi xem ngun nhn lc nh l

mt li th cnh tranh tt nht bi l nhn vin chnh l ti sn qu bu gip cho doanh

nghip nng cao nng lc cnh tranh v hiu qu hot ng kinh doanh ca mnh. i

ng cn b lnh o gii, khoa hc, lao ng lnh ngh gn b v trung thnh vi t

chc lun l tiu im cc doanh nghip nhm n. Nhn thc c tm quan trng

nu trn, do vy ti nh hng ca mc tha mn cng vic n s gn kt

ca nhn vin vi t chc ti cc n v vn ti ng b trn a bn TPHCM

c chn nghin cu. Hi vng kt qu nghin cu s gip cho lnh o cc n v

vn ti c c cng c o lng mc tha mn ca nhn vin i vi cng vic,

mc gn kt ca h i vi t chc ; tm v a ra nhng gii php nng cao mc

tha mn cng nh mc gn kt ca h i vi t chc.

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2. Mc tiu nghin cu

Nghin cu nhm mc tiu lm sng t vn tc ng ca ca tha mn cng vic

n s gn kt ca nhn vin i vi t chc i vi cc nhn vin trong ngnh vn ti

ng b trn a bn Thnh ph H Ch Minh, ti t ra cc mc tiu c th nh

sau:

- Xc nh cc yu t thnh phn ca tha mn cng vic v s gn kt ca nhn

vin i vi t chc trong cc doanh nghip vn ti ng b ti TP H Ch Minh.

- o lng mc tha mn cng vic v mc gn kt ca nhn vin i vi

t chc trong cc doanh nghip vn ti ng b ti TP H Ch Minh.

- o lng mc nh hng ca cc thnh phn tha mn cng vic n s gn

kt ca nhn vin i vi t chc.

- a ra mt s gii php v kin ngh nhm nng cao mc tha mn cng

vic v gn kt ca nhn vin i vi t chc i vi cc doanh nghip ngnh vn ti

ti Thnh ph H Ch Minh.

t c cc mc tiu ny, nghin cu cn tr li cc cu hi sau y:

1. Cc yu t thnh phn ca tho mn vi cng vic nh hng nh th no

n s tha mn chung trong cng vic?

2. Cc yu t thnh phn ca tho mn vi cng vic nh hng n s gn kt

ca nhn vin i vi t chc nh th no ?

3. Nhn vin c tha mn i vi cng vic v gn kt vi t chc hay khng?

3. Phm vi, i tng v phng php nghin cu

Nghin cu o lng mc tha mn ca nhn vin v s gn kt vi t chc l

cc ch nghin cu rt rng. Nghin cu ny tm kim c s khoa hc cho vic

nng cao mc tha mn ca nhn vin i vi cng vic v mc gn kt i vi

t chc, do nghin cu ny ch gii hn trong phm vi cc vn lin quan n

cng vic.

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Nghin cu c thc hin thng qua 2 giai on chnh :

(1) nghin cu s b c thc hin thng qua phng php nghin cu nh tnh

v nghin cu nh lng. Nghin cu nh tnh c tin hnh bng cch tho lun

nhm vi 8 nhn vin vn phng (xem ph lc1) t xy dng thang o nhp, nghin

cu nh lng c thc hin tip theo s thc hin phng vn 20 nhn vin theo cch

ly mu thun tin hiu chnh thang o;

(2) nghin cu chnh thc c thc hin bng phng php nghin cu nh

lng tin hnh ngay khi bng cu hi c chnh sa t kt qu nghin cu s b.

Mu iu tra trong nghin cu chnh thc c thc hin bng phng php ly mu

thun tin vi 400 nhn vin vn phng hin ang lm vic ton thi gian ti cc doanh

nghip ngnh vn ti ng b ti Thnh ph H Ch Minh.

Bng cu hi do i tng t tr li v l cng c chnh thu thp d liu. i

tng l nhng nhn vin ang lm vic ti cc doanh nghip ngnh vn ti trn a

bn Thnh ph H Ch Minh. D liu thu thp c x l bng phn mm SPSS for

windows 11.5 nhm : Kim nh thang o bng h s tin cy Cronbachs Alpha; Phn

tch nhn t khm ph (EFA - Exploratory Factor Analysis) rt gn cc bin quan

st v xc nh li cc nhm trong m hnh nghin cu; Phn tch hi quy xem xt

mc nh hng ca cc thnh phn tha mn cng vic n s gn kt ca nhn

vin.

4. ngha thc tin ca nghin cu

Thng qua kt qu ca nghin cu gip cc doanh nghip c c nhng thng

tin ca nhn vin v mc tha mn cng vic n s gn kt ca h i vi t chc

ti cc doanh nghip ngnh vn ti ng b trn a bn TPHCM. T kt qu nghin

cu s l c s khoa hc khch quan gip cho cc nh lnh o trong cc n v vn ti

hiu r hn v nhn vin ca mnh v a ra gii php no cn tp trung c th nng

cao s tha mn cng vic v gn kt ca nhn vin i vi t chc.

- 13 -

Nghin cu ny cng c th l ti liu tham kho cho sinh vin ngnh qun tr

nhn s, qun tr kinh doanh v nhng ai mun nghin cu su cc yu t s tha mn

cng vic v s gn kt ca nhn vin i vi t chc.

5. Cu trc nghin cu

Ngoi phn m u v kt lun, nghin cu gm c 4 chng:

- Chng 1: Trnh by c s l lun v tha mn cng vic v gn kt ca nhn

vin i vi t chc - Nghin cu trnh by c s l thuyt lin quan n cc khi nim

nghin cu nh : s tha mn cng vic, s gn kt ca nhn vin i vi t chc. Xy

dng m hnh phc v cho vic nghin cu v t cc gi thuyt nghin cu.

- Chng 2: Phng php nghin cu - Trnh by quy trnh nghin cu, xy dng

v kim nh cc thang o nhm o lng cc khi nim nghin cu.

- Chng 3: X l s liu v kt qu nghin cu - Trnh by thng tin v mu

kho st, kim nh m hnh v o lng cc khi nim nghin cu, phn tch nh gi

cc kt qu c c.

- Chng 4: Gii php v kin ngh - Trnh by mt s nhm gii php v kin

ngh nhm nng cao mc tha mn cng vic v s gn kt ca nhn vin vi t

chc, ng thi nu ln nhng hn ch nghin cu v ngh cc bc nghin cu

tip theo.

- 14 -

CHNG 1 :

C S L LUN V S THA MN CNG VIC

V S GN KT VI T CHC

Phn m u gii thiu tng quan v ti nghin cu. Tip theo, chng 1 s trnh

by nhng ni dung c bn v cc l thuyt lin quan n s tha mn cng vic v s

gn kt ca nhn vin vi t chc, cc thnh phn ca gn kt vi t chc theo quan

im ca cc nh nghin cu cng c trnh by trong chng ny. T , xy dng

m hnh nghin cu v pht biu cc gi thuyt.

1.1. L thuyt v tho mn vi cng vic

1.1.1. nh ngha

C kh nhiu nh ngha v s tha mn cng vic, theo James L Price (1997) th s

tha mn cng vic c nh ngha l mc m nhn vin cm nhn, c nhng nh

hng tch cc i vi vic lm trong t chc (James L Price, 1997, p.470)

S tha mn vi cng vic ng thi cng c nh ngha nh l nhng tnh cm theo

chiu hng tch cc m nhn vin hng n cng vic h ang lm (Schermerhorn,

Hunt and Osborn, 1997:98); Khi nhn vin cm thy hnh phc vui v trong cng vic

chng ta c th ni rng anh ta hi lng vi cng vic.

Theo Schemerhon (1993) c trch dn bi Luddy (2005), s tha mn cng vic

c nh ngha nh l s phn ng v mt tnh cm v cm xc i vi cc kha cnh

khc nhau trong cng vic ca nhn vin.

Theo Spector (1997) s tha mn cng vic n gin l vic nhn vin cm thy thch

cng vic ca h, cn theo Ellickson v Logsdon (2001) th s tha mn cng vic

c nh ngha l mc m nhn vin yu thch cng vic ca h, l thi da

trn s nhn thc ca nhn vin (tch cc hay tiu cc) v cng vic hay mi trng

lm vic ca h.

- 15 -

C rt nhiu nh ngha khc nhau v s tha mn cng vic ca nhn vin nh nu

trn, mi nh nghin cu u c cch nhn v cch l gii khc nhau v tha mn vi

cng vic s dng vo cng trnh nghin cu ca mnh. Nhn chung, s tha mn

vi cng vic c hiu l cm xc yu thch v hng n cng vic ca mnh. S

tha mn i vi cng vic ca nhn vin c nh ngha v o lng theo c hai

kha cnh: tha mn chung i vi cng vic v tha mn theo cc yu t thnh phn

cng vic. S tha mn chung th hin cm xc bao hm chung ln tt c cc kha cnh

ca cng vic. Khi nim v s tha mn chung c s dng trong cc nghin cu

ca Levy and William (1998), Currivan (1999), Cook and Wall (1980), Ellickson

(2002), Gaertner (1999), Kacmar (1999), Ting (1997).. Mt quan im khc xem s

tha mn cng vic l thi nh hng, ghi nhn ca nhn vin v cc kha cnh

khc nhau trong cng vic ca h (Smith P.C Kendal L.M and Hulin C.L1969). Cch

tip cn theo cc kha cnh khc nhau ca cng vic c s dng trong cc nghin

cu ca Stanton and Croaaley (2000), Schwepker (2001), Yoursef (2000). C hai cch

tip cn u ph hp cho vic o lng mc tha mn ca nhn vin trong cng

vic (Price 1997). Tuy nhin, s dng cch tip cn theo thnh phn cng vic s gip

cc nh qun tr bit r hn v nhng im mnh, im yu trong vic iu hnh t

chc v hot ng no c nhn vin nh gi cao nht hoc km nht. (Deconinck

and Stilwell C.D, 2002).

1.1.2. Cc thnh phn ca tha mn vi cng vic

Trong nghin cu ny s dng thang o ch s m t cng vic (Job Descriptive Index

JDI) do Smith et al (1969) thit lp, v JDI c nh gi cao trong c lnh vc

nghin cu ln thc tin. Price (1997) cho rng JDI l cng c nn la chn cho cc

nghin cu o lng v mc tha mn ca nhn vin trong cng vic. Ch trong 20

nm cui th k 20, JDI c s dng trong hn 600 nghin cu c xut bn

(Ajmi 2001). Nghin cu s dng 5 kha cnh thnh phn tha mn cng vic ca

Smith vi ni dung chnh sau:

- 16 -

Bn cht cng vic: lin quan n nhng thch thc ca cng vic, c hi

s dng cc nng lc c nhn v cm nhn th v khi thc hin cng vic. Cc yu t

sau ca bn cht cng vic s c xem xt gm:

- Cng vic cho php s dng tt cc nng lc c nhn.

- Cng vic rt th v.

- Cng vic c nhiu thch thc.

- C s vt cht v phng tin lm vic.

C hi o to v thng tin : lin quan n nhn thc ca nhn vin v cc c

hi c o to, pht trin cc nng lc c nhn v cc c hi c thng tin trong t

chc. Cc yu t v c hi o to v thng tin c xem xt bao gm:

- Chng trnh o to ca cng ty c hiu qu tt.

- Chnh sch thng tin ca cng ty cng bng.

- Cng ty thng xuyn nng cao trnh cho cn b nhn vin.

- C hi pht trin c nhn.

Lnh o: lin quan n cc mi quan h gia nhn vin v lnh o cp trn

trc tip; s h tr ca cp trn; phong cch lnh o v kh nng ca lnh o thc

hin cc chc nng ca qun tr trong t chc. Cc yu t v lnh o c xem xt

bao gm:

- Cn b lnh o gng mu.

- Cn b c li ni v vic lm song hnh.

- S tin tng i vi lnh o

- S h tr ca cp trn khi cn thit..

ng nghip : L nhng cm nhn lin quan n cc hnh vi, quan h vi

ng nghip trong cng vic ti ni lm vic, s phi hp v gip nhau trong cng

vic vi cc ng nghip. Cc yu t v ng nghip c xem xt bao gm:

- ng nghip thoi mi v d chu.

- 17 -

- C tinh thn ng i

- Sn sng gip nhau.

- C s nht tr cao

Lng : s tha mn v tin lng lin quan n cm nhn ca nhn vin v

tnh cng bng trong tr lng. S tha mn v tin lng c o lng da trn cc

tiu thc:

- Ngi lao ng c th sng hon ton da vo thu nhp t cng ty.

- Tin lng, thu nhp c tr cng bng.

- Tin lng tng xng vi kt qu lm vic.

- Ngi lao ng hi lng v ch lng

Qua bc nghin cu s b bng vic tho lun nhm vi 8 nhn vin vn phng ca

Hp tc x Xe Khch Thng Nht v cc thnh phn ca tha mn cng vic (xem bi

tho lun nhm ti ph lc 1), tc gi c ngh b sung thm 3 kha cnh thnh

phn cng vic cho JDI o lng mc tha mn ca nhn vin trong ngnh vn

ti ng b ti Thnh Ph H Ch Minh hin nay, 3 thnh phn b sung l:

Thng hiu: lin quan n nim t ho ca nhn vin v thng hiu ca t

chc.

S i mi: lin quan n cch thc i mi, ci tin phng php lm vic ti

t chc.

p lc cng vic: lin quan n khi lng cng vic cng nh p lc lm vic

ca nhn vin trong t chc.

Nh vy tng cng cc kha cnh thnh phn cng vic dng o lng mc tha

mn ca nhn vin i vi cng vic trong nghin cu bao gm:

1. Bn cht cng vic

2. C hi o to v thng tin

3. Lnh o

- 18 -

4. ng nghip

5. Tin lng

6. Thng hiu

7. S i mi

8. p lc cng vic

1.1.3. o lng mc tha mn cng vic

Nghin cu s dng ch s m t cng vic JDI (Job Descriptive Index) ca Smith et al

(1969) v b sung thm 3 yu t thnh phn mi dng lm thang o o lng mc

tha mn ca nhn vin trong cng vic, tng cng bng cu hi bao gm 37 bin

quan st o lng 8 thnh phn ca s tha mn cng vic, nh sau:

+ Nm thnh phn trong ch s m t cng vic JDI:

- Thnh phn bn cht cng vic ( 4 bin quan st)

- Thnh phn c hi o to v thng tin ( 7 bin quan st)

- Thnh phn lng (4 bin quan st)

- Thnh phn ng nghip (4 bin quan st)

- Thnh phn lnh o (8 bin quan st)

+ V ba thnh phn mi c b sung:

- Thnh phn thng hiu (4 bin quan st)

- Thnh phn i mi (3 bin quan st)

- Thnh phn p lc cng vic (3 bin quan st)

- 19 -

1.2. L thuyt v s gn kt vi t chc

1.2.1. nh ngha

Cc nghin cu ch ra rng nhn t chnh nh hng n qu trnh v kt qu lm

vic ca nhn vin chnh l s gn kt vi t chc (Mowday et al., 1982 ; Allen and

Meyer, 1990 ; Hackett et al, 1994 ; Herscovitch and Meyer, 2002 ; Al Kahtani, 2004 ;

Shaw et al, 2003 ; Yousef, 2000). Do khng c s nht tr gia cc nh nghin cu

trong vic nh ngha cng nh o lng s gn kt vi t chc v vy c nhiu kin

khc bit v nh ngha s gn kt vi t chc.

+ S gn kt vi t chc c nh ngha nh l mt s kin nh mnh m

(nht qun hay bt di bt dch) ca mt c nhn vi t chc v s tham gia tch cc

trong mt t chc c th (Mowday and Steers (1979, P.226).

+ Gn kt vi t chc c nh ngha nh l trng thi tm l ca thnh vin

trong t chc, phn nh mc c nhn hp thu hay chp nhn nhng c im ca t

chc ( OReilly v Chatman, 1986)

+ Gn kt vi t chc c nh ngha nh l s sn lng dnh ht n lc cho t

chc, s gn b cht ch vi t chc v tm kim duy tr mi quan h vi t chc

(Kalleberg et al. , 1996, P.302).

+Gn kt vi t chc c nh ngha nh l s rng buc hay lin kt gia cc

cc nhn v t chc (Mathieu v Zajac, 1990)

+ Cn theo Meyer v Allen (1990) th s gn kt l trng thi tm l buc cht

c nhn vi t chc.

1.2.2. Cc thnh phn ca s gn kt vi t chc

Mi nh nghin cu c nhng nh ngha khc nhau v gn kt vi t chc do vy m

c nhng thnh phn khc nhau o lng khi nim ny:

+ Angle v Perry (1981:4): xut 2 thnh phn ca s gn kt, l :

- 20 -

Gn kt v gi tr ( Value commitment) : s gn kt phc v cho mc tiu

ca t chc.

Gn kt duy tr (Commitment to stay) : s gn kt duy tr vai tr thnh

vin ca h trong t chc.

+ Mowday, Porter v Steer (1979): xut 3 thnh phn ca s gn kt :

S gn b hay nht qun (Identification) : c nim tin mnh m v chp nhn

mc tiu, gi tr ca t chc.

Lng trung thnh (Loyalty) : mong mun mt cch mnh m duy tr vai tr

thnh vin ca t chc.

S dn thn (Involvement): dn thn vo cc hot ng ca t chc, v lun

c gng t nguyn v t chc.

+ Oreilly & Chapman (1986:493) : xut 3 thnh phn ca s gn kt :

S phc tng (Compliance) : s dn thn v nhng phn thng c bit.

S gn b (Identification) : s gn b v mong mun hi nhp vi t chc.

S ch quan (Internalisation) : s dn thn do c s ph hp, s tng ng

gia gi tr ca c nhn vi gi tr ca t chc.

+ Penley & Gould (1988) : xut 3 thnh phn ca s gn kt

o c (Moral) : s chp nhn v ng thun theo mc tiu ca t chc

(p.46)

Tnh ton (Calculative) : s ng nht vi t chc v nhn vin cm thy hi

lng vi s khch l vt cht khi c nhng ng gp cho t chc (p.46)

S th (Alienative) : Nhn vin li vi t chc ch v p lc ca mi

trng, d h nhn thy nhng g h nhn c khng cn tng xng vi

cng sc (p.48)

- 21 -

+ Meyer and Allen (1991:67): xut 3 thnh phn gn kt

S gn kt v tnh cm (Affective): cm xc gn b, ng nht v dn thn vo

trong t chc.

S gn kt duy tr (Continuance): nhn vin nhn thy s mt mt chi ph

khi ri khi t chc.

S gn kt v o c (Normative): Cm gic c ngha v tip tc cng vic.

+ Mayer & Schoorman (1992:673) : xut 2 thnh phn

Gi tr (Value) : Nim tin v s chp nhn cc mc tiu v gi tr ca t chc

v s sn sng n lc cho t chc.

S duy tr (continuance) : mong mun duy tr vai tr thnh vin ca t chc.

+ Jaros et al. (1993): xut 3 thnh phn

Tnh cm (Affective) : mc m mt c nhn gn b v mt tm l vi t

chc thng qua nhng cm gic nh lng trung thnh, cm thy yu mn t

chc, nhit tnh v t chc, hi lng v cm thy mnh thuc v t chc

(p.954)

S duy tr (Continuance) : mc m c nhn cm thy phi gn b vi t

chc v h cm thy mt mt qu nhiu th nu ri b t chc (p.953)

S gn kt v o c (Moral) : mc m c nhn gn b v mt tm l vi

t chc thng qua vic tip thu mc tiu, gi tr v s mng ca t chc

(p.955)

( Ngun trch : T Meyer v Herscovitch (2001:320)

Trong s rt nhiu nh ngha v thnh phn ca s gn kt ca nhn vin vi t chc

th nh ngha ca Meyer v Allen c s dng cho nghin cu bi l cc thnh phn

gn kt ca nhn vin vi t chc ca Meyer v Allen c quan tm v s dng nhiu

trong cc nghin cu.

- 22 -

1.2.3. o lng mc gn kt ca nhn vin vi t chc

o lng mc gn kt ca nhn vin vi t chc theo quan im ca Meyer v

Allen, nghin cu s dng bng cu hi bao gm 19 bin quan st o lng 3 thnh

phn gn kt :

Thnh phn 1: o lng mc gn kt vi t chc v tnh cm. Mc gn kt vi

t chc v tnh cm c o lng da trn cc tiu thc:

- Xem cng ty nh mi nh th hai,

- T ho v c lm vic trong cng ty,

- Vui mng v chn cng ty lm vic,

- Cng ty c ngha rt quan trng,

- Cm nhn l thnh vin ca cng ty,

- Cm nhn thuc v cng ty

Thnh phn 2: o lng mc gn kt vi t chc duy tr. Mc gn kt

duy tr c o lng da trn cc tiu thc:

- Vic li cng ty by gi l cn thit

- Vic ri khi cng ty lc ny l kh khn

- Cuc sng s b nh hng rt nhiu khi ri b cng ty

- Kh kim vic lm khc khi ri b cng ty.

Thnh phn 3: o lng mc gn kt v o c. Mc gn kt v o c c

o lng da trn cc tiu thc:

- Cm nhn trch nhim i vi cng ty

- Cm nhn trch nhim i vi mi ngi trong cng ty.

1.3. Mi quan h gia tha mn cng vic v gn kt vi t chc

C nhiu quan im v nghin cu v mi quan h nhn qu gia s tha mn i vi

cng vic v gn kt i vi t chc ca nhn vin; c quan im cho rng s tha mn

- 23 -

ca nhn vin vi cng vic s lm dn n s gn kt ca h i vi t chc (Lincoln

& Kalleberg, 1990 ; Mowday; Porter, & Steer, 1982 ; Mueller, Boyer, Price & Iverson,

1994 ; Williams & Hazer, 1986) v ngc li cng c quan im cho rng mc gn

kt ca nhn vin i vi t chc s dn n lm h tha mn trong cng vic

(Vandenberg & Lance, 1992). Tuy nhin, s gn kt vi t chc chc chn c lin quan

hay b nh hng bi s tha mn cng vic c khm ph trong nhiu nghin cu

ca Kacmar et al (1979); Cook va Wall (1980); Krueger et al (2002); Mathieu v Zajac

(1990); Mowday et al (1979); Schwepker (2001); v Yousel (2000).

Theo Stum (2001) cho rng trong nhng nm gn y, nhiu nghin cu v nhu cu

ca nhn vin, mc tha mn i vi cng vic v s gn kt ca nhn vin vi t

chc c thc hin theo m hnh sau :

Hnh 1-1 M hnh o lng s gn kt ca nhn vin i vi t chc (Stum, 2001)

Cch tip cn ny c p dng trong cc nghin cu ca Aon Consulting, c thc

hin hng nm quy m quc gia nh nghin cu v Commitment@Work ti M t

nm 1997, ti Canada t nm 1999, ti Anh t nm 2000 v ti c nm 2002. Kt qu

cho thy c mi quan h cht ch gia s tha mn ca nhn vin v s gn kt ca h

i vi t chc.

Theo Trn Kim Dung (2005), cc t chc s c c s gn kt ca nhn vin bng

cch lm cho h tha mn cc kha cnh khc nhau v nhng nhu cu lin quan n

cng vic nh sau: (1) Cng vic ; (2) Thng tin; (3) Lnh o; (4) ng nghip; (5)

Tin lng; (6) Phc li v (7) iu kin lm vic;

o bng:

S gn kt i vi t chc

t c bng cch:

Tha mn cc nhu cu ca nhn vin

Gn kt t chc

- 24 -

Nghin cu ny s thc hin nh gi nh hng ca cc thnh phn to nn s tha

mn cng vic n cc yu t thnh phn to nn s gn kt vi t chc da trn cc

kha cnh thnh phn trn tuy nhin c s iu chnh thay i b sung 3 thnh phn

mi (xem hnh 1-2)

1.4. M hnh v gi thuyt nghin cu

ti nghin cu ny da trn thang o m t cng vic JDI ( Job Descriptive Index)

gm 5 thnh phn cng vic (bn cht cng vic, lnh o, tin lng, ng nghip, c

hi o to v thng tin) v c b sung thm 3 thnh phn (thng hiu, s i

mi, p lc cng vic); tng cng 8 thnh phn o lng mc tha mn v cng

vic ca nhn vin.

n gin trong cch trnh by, m hnh nghin cu c th hin nh hnh 1-2,

trong bao gm:

+ Cc bin c lp trong m hnh gm 8 thnh phn lin quan n cng vic, bao

gm : 5 thnh phn theo theo JDI l (1) bn cht cng vic, (2) lnh o, (3) tin lng,

(4) ng nghip, (5) c hi o to v thng tin ; v 3 thnh phn c b sung bao

gm (6) thng hiu, (7) s i mi, (8) p lc cng vic.

+ Cc bin ph thuc trong m hnh l (1) s tha mn chung i vi cng vic

v (2) s gn kt ca nhn vin i vi t chc gm 3 thnh phn : gn kt v tnh cm,

gn kt duy tr, gn kt v o c.

- 25 -

Hnh 1-2: M hnh v cc gi thuyt nghin cu ngh

Bn cht cng vic

Tin lng

o to v thng tin

ng nghip

Thng hiu

Lnh o

S i mi

p lc cng vic

S tha mn chung (GS)

Gn kt v tnhcm

Gn kt duytr

Gn kt v o c

(+)

(+)

(+)

(+)

(+)

(+)

(+)

(-)

- 26 -

Theo kt qu nghin cu ca (Aldag and Brief, 1978) v (Ferratt, 1981) gia s tha

mn chung v cng vic v mc tha mn vi tng yu t thnh phn cng vic c

mi quan h tuyn tnh. Nghin cu ny thc hin kim nh mc gii thch ca s

tha mn v cc yu t thnh phn cng vic i vi mc tha mn chung. Nhm

gi thuyt u tin cho nghin cu:

Nhm gi thuyt H1 : Kim nh mi lin h gia mc tha mn v cc yu t

thnh phn cng vic v mc tha mn chung (GS)

H1a : Mc tha mn v bn cht cng vic tng hay gim th mc tha

mn chung (GS) cng tng hay gim theo.

H1b : Mc tha mn v lnh o tng hay gim th mc tha mn chung

(GS) cng tng hay gim theo.

H1c : Mc tha mn v lng tng hay gim th mc tha mn chung

(GS) cng tng hay gim theo.

H1d : Mc tha mn v c hi o to v thng tin tng hay gim th mc

tha mn chung (GS) cng tng hay gim theo.

H1e : Mc tha mn v ng nghip tng hay gim th mc tha mn

chung (GS) cng tng hay gim theo.

H1f : Mc tha mn v thng hiu tng hay gim th mc tha mn


H1g : Mc tha mn v s i mi tng hay gim th mc tha mn


H1h : p lc cng vic tng hay gim th mc tha mn chung (GS) gim

hay tng theo (tc ng ngc chiu).


thnh phn cng vic v mc gn kt v tnh cm ca nhn vin vi t chc.

H2a : Mc tha mn v bn cht cng vic tng hay gim th mc gn kt

v tnh cm ca nhn vin vi t chc cng tng hay gim theo.

- 27 -

H2b : Mc tha mn v lnh o tng hay gim th mc gn kt v tnh

cm ca nhn vin vi t chc cng tng hay gim theo.

H2c : Mc tha mn v lng tng hay gim th mc gn kt v tnh cm

ca nhn vin vi t chc cng tng hay gim theo.


gn kt v tnh cm ca nhn vin vi t chc cng tng hay gim theo.

H2e : Mc tha mn v ng nghip tng hay gim th mc gn kt v

tnh cm ca nhn vin vi t chc cng tng hay gim theo.

H2f : Mc tha mn v thng hiu tng hay gim th mc gn kt v tnh


H2g : Mc tha mn v s i mi tng hay gim th mc gn kt v tnh


H2h : p lc cng vic tng hay gim th mc gn kt v tnh cm ca nhn

vin vi t chc gim hay tng theo (tc ng ngc chiu).


thnh phn cng vic v mc gn kt duy tr ca nhn vin vi t chc.


duy tr ca nhn vin vi t chc cng tng hay gim theo.

H3b : Mc tha mn v lnh o tng hay gim th mc gn kt duy tr


H3c : Mc tha mn v lng tng hay gim th mc gn kt duy tr



gn kt duy tr ca nhn vin vi t chc cng tng hay gim theo.

H3e : Mc tha mn v ng nghip tng hay gim th mc gn kt

duy tr ca nhn vin vi t chc cng tng hay gim theo.

H3f : Mc tha mn v thng hiu tng hay gim th mc gn kt duy

tr ca nhn vin vi t chc cng tng hay gim theo.

- 28 -

H3g : Mc tha mn v s i mi tng hay gim th mc gn kt duy

tr ca nhn vin vi t chc cng tng hay gim theo.

H3h : p lc cng vic tng hay gim th mc gn kt duy tr ca nhn



thnh phn cng vic v mc gn kt v o c ca nhn vin vi t chc.


v o c ca nhn vin vi t chc cng tng hay gim theo.

H4b : Mc tha mn v lnh o tng hay gim th mc gn kt v o

c ca nhn vin vi t chc cng tng hay gim theo.

H4c : Mc tha mn v lng tng hay gim th mc gn kt v o c



gn kt v o c ca nhn vin vi t chc cng tng hay gim theo.

H4e : Mc tha mn v ng nghip tng hay gim th mc gn kt v o


H4f : Mc tha mn v thng hiu tng hay gim th mc gn kt v o


H4g : Mc tha mn v s i mi tng hay gim th mc gn kt v o


H4h : p lc cng vic tng hay gim th mc gn kt v o c ca nhn


- 29 -

1.5. Tm tt

Chng ny trnh by c s l thuyt v s tha mn cng vic, s gn kt ca

nhn vin i vi t chc. Nghin cu s dng thang o JDI ca Smith et al (1969)

c s b sung thm 3 thnh phn mi (thng hiu, s i mi v p lc cng vic) v

thang o ca Meyer & Allen (1991) o lng nh hng ca tha mn cng vic

n s gn kt ca nhn vin i vi t chc. ng thi, nghin cu cng xy dng

m hnh nghin cu ngh v pht trin cc gi thuyt nghin cu.

Trong chng 2, nghin cu s trnh by cc phng php nghin cu v x l

s liu, xy dng thang o v cc yu t thnh phn thang o cng c th hin trong

chng ny.

- 30 -

CHNG 2 :

PHNG PHP NGHIN CU

Chng 1 trnh by v l thuyt tha mn cng vic, s gn kt ca nhn vin vi t

chc, t a ra m hnh nghin cu v pht trin cc gi thuyt nghin cu. Trong

chng 2, nghin cu s trnh by cc phng php nghin cu khoa hc, bao gm

thit k nghin cu, phng php chn mu, phng php x l s liu c s dng

xy dng v nh gi cc thang o dng o lng cc khi nim nghin cu

cng nh kim nh m hnh v cc gi thuyt nghin cu a ra trong chng 2.

2.1. Thit k nghin cu

Nghin cu nh hng ca s tha mn cng vic n s gn kt ca nhn vin i vi

t chc ti cc doanh nghip vn ti trn a bn TPHCM c thc hin thng qua 2

giai on chnh nghin cu s b v nghin cu chnh thc

Nghin cu s b : nghin cu s b c thc hin thng qua phng php

nghin cu nh tnh v nghin cu nh lng. Nghin cu nh tnh c tin hnh

bng cch tho lun nhm vi 8 nhn vin vn phng ca Hp tc x Xe Khch Thng

Nht v cc thnh phn ca tha mn cng vic (xem ph lc1) t xy dng thang

o nhp, nghin cu nh lng c thc hin tip theo s thc hin phng vn 20

nhn vin theo cch ly mu thun tin kim tra v hiu chnh thang o.

Nghin cu chnh thc : nghin cu chnh thc c thc hin bng phng

php nghin cu nh lng tin hnh ngay khi bng cu hi c chnh sa t kt qu

nghin cu s b (bng phng vn chnh thc - Ph lc 3). Bc nghin cu ny c

thc hin bng cch kho st trc tip thu thp d liu kho st. i tng nghin

cu l cc nhn vin ang lm vic ti cc doanh nghip vn ti trn a bn TPHCM.

Qu trnh nghin cu c thc hin theo quy trnh nghin cu nh sau:

- 31 -

Hnh 2-1: Quy trnh nghin cu

C s l thuyt

Nghin cu nh tnh, Phng vn 20 nhn vin hiu chnh thang o

iu chnh

Thang o chnh thc

Kho st (nghin cu nh lng)

n = 400

Nghin cu chnh thc:

- Cronbachs Alpha- Phn tch nhn t khm ph - Phn tch hi quy - Thng k m t

X l kt qu v vit bo co nghin cu

Thang o nhp

M hnhnghin cu

- 32 -

2.2. Phng php chn mu v x l s liu

2.2.1. Phng php chn mu

Kch c mu ph thuc vo phng php phn tch, trong nghin cu ny c s

dng phn tch nhn t khm ph (EFA) m theo Gorsuch (1983) c trch bi

MacClall (1999) cho rng s lng mu cn gp 5 ln s bin quan st tr ln; theo

Hong Trng v Chu Nguyn Mng Ngc (2005) cng cho rng t l l 4 hay 5 ln.

Nghin cu c thc hin vi 56 bin quan st (56 bin quan st x 5 = 280 mu) th

kch thc mu phi t nht l 280.

Ngoi ra, theo Tabachnick & Fidell (1991) phn tch hi quy t c kt qu

tt nht, th kch c mu phi tha mn cng thc (dn theo H Minh Snh, 2010):

n 8k + 50

Trong , n l kch c mu

k l s bin c lp ca m hnh

Do vy nghin cu thc hin vi kch thc mu khong 325 c xem l ph

hp.

Phng php chn mu c thc hin trong nghin cu l phng php chn

mu thun tin, i tng kho st l cc nhn vin ti cc n v vn ti trong a bn

thnh ph H Ch Minh vi s h tr ca Phng Qun l vn ti v cng nghip s

Giao Thng Vn Ti TPHCM.

2.2.2. Phng php x l s liu

Qu trnh x l s liu c thc hin trn chng trnh x l d liu SPSS 11.5 theo 3

bc sau :

Bc 1 - Kim nh tin cy ca cc thang o : Cc thang o trong nghin cu bao

gm: thang o mc tha mn vi cc thnh phn cng vic JDI ca Smith et al

(1969) v thang o mc gn kt vi t chc ca Meyer & Allen c a vo kim

nh tin cy bng cng c Cronbachs Alpha, h s Cronbachs Alpha t nht l 0.6

v tng quan tng (Corrected Item-Total Correlation ) > 0.4. nh gi s b loi b

- 33 -

cc bin quan st c h s tin cy Cronbachs Alpha nh hn 0.6 (Hong Trng v

Mng Ngc, 2005).

Bc 2 : Phn tch nhn t khm ph EFA xc nh li cc nhm trong m hnh

nghin cu. Cc bin quan st c h s ti nhn t (factor loading) nh hn 0.45 s b

loi b v kim tra phng sai trch c c ln hn hoc bng 50% hay khng.

Bc 3 : Phn tch hi quy tuyn tnh bit c cng tc ng ca cc bin

c lp ln bin ph thuc. T , s kim tra thch hp ca m hnh, xy dng m

hnh hi quy bi, kim nh cc gi thuyt. S chp nhn v din gii cc kt qu hi

quy khng th tch ri cc gi thuyt nghin cu. Do vy m trong phn tch hi quy

tc gi c kim nh cc gi thuyt nghin cu ca hm hi quy, nu nh cc gi thuyt

b vi phm th cc kt qu c lng cc tham s trong hm hi quy khng t c

gi tr tin cy.

2.3 Xy dng thang o:

2.3.1 Thang o s tha mn cng vic:

Thang o s tha mn cng vic c xy dng da trn thang o ni ting JDI (ch s

m t cng vic) vi 5 thnh phn kha cnh o lng mc tha mn ca nhn

vin i vi cng vic, ng thi c s b sung thm 3 thnh phn da vo nghin cu

nh tnh cho ph hp vi iu kin Vit Nam. Cc yu t nh hng n s tha mn

cng vic theo thang o JDI c s dng trong nghin cu bao gm 5 thnh phn:

(1) bn cht cng vic, (2) lnh o, (3) tin lng, (4) c hi o to v thng tin,

(5) ng nghip; nghin cu ngh b sung thm 3 thnh phn : (6) thng hiu, (7)

s i mi, (8) p lc cng vic. Sau khi tin hnh kho st s b 20 nhn vin hiu

chnh thang o, nghin cu a ra bng cu hi chnh thc vi nhng iu chnh b

sung cho ph hp.

Thang o Likert 5 bc c s dng cho nghin cu, vi s cng ln l cng ng :

(1) Rt khng ng , (2) Khng ng , (3) Trung lp, (4) ng , (5) Rt ng ;

- 34 -

Thang o s tha mn cng vic c s dng chnh thc cho nghin cu bao

gm 8 thnh phn vi cc bin quan st nh sau:

Thnh phn 1 : Bn cht cng vic (k hiu: WORK) : bao gm 4 bin quan

st o lng mc cm nhn ca nhn vin v yu t bn cht cng vic.

K hiu bin Pht biu

Work 1 Cng vic cho php Anh /Ch s dng tt cc nng lc c nhn

Work 2 Anh ch a thch cng vic ang lm

Work 3 Cng vic c nhiu thch thc

Work 4 C s vt cht v phng tin lm vic cho anh /ch l tt

Thnh phn 2 : c hi o to v thng tin (k hiu: PRO): bao gm 7 bin

quan st o lng mc cm nhn ca nhn vin v yu t c hi o to v

thng tin.

K hiu bin Pht biu

Pro 1 Cng ty cung cp cho anh/ ch cc chng trnh o to cn thit cho cng vic

Pro 2 Cc chng trnh o to ca cng ty c hiu qu tt

Pro 3 Cng ty thng xuyn u t nng cao trnh cho cn b nhn vin

Pro 4 Anh / ch hi lng vi cc chng trnh o to trong cng ty

Pro 5 Chnh sch thng tin ca cng ty cng bng

Pro 6 Cng ty to cho Anh /Ch nhiu c hi pht trin c nhn

Pro 7 Anh / ch hi lng vi c hi thng tin trong cng ty

Thnh phn 3 : Lng (k hiu: PAY) : bao gm 4 bin quan st o lng

mc cm nhn ca nhn vin v yu t lng:

K hiu bin Pht biu

Pay 1 Anh/Ch c th sng hon ton da vo thu nhp t CTY

Pay 2 Tin lng, thu nhp c tr cng bng

Pay 3 Tin lng tng xng vi kt qu lm vic

Pay 4 Anh ch hi lng vi ch lng trong cng ty.

- 35 -

Thnh phn 4 : ng nghip (k hiu: COW) : bao gm 4 bin quan st o

lng mc cm nhn ca nhn vin v yu t ng nghip.

K hiu bin Pht biu

Cow 1 ng nghip ca Anh/Ch thoi mi v d chu

Cow 2 Mi ngi lm vic theo tinh thn ng i

Cow 3 Cc ng nghip ca Anh/Ch sn sng gip nhau

Cow 4 Cng ty c s on kt nht tr cao

Thnh phn 5 : Lnh o (k hiu: SUP) : bao gm 8 bin quan st o lng

mc cm nhn ca nhn vin v yu t lnh o:

K hiu bin Pht biu

Sup 1 Cn b lnh o gng mu

Sup 2 Cn b qun l trong cng ty c li ni v vic lm song hnh

Sup 3 Anh/ ch tin tng ban lnh o cng ty

Sup 4 Anh /Ch nhn c s h tr ca cp trn khi cn thit

Sup 5 Cp trn hi kin khi c vn lin quan n cng vic ca Anh/Ch

Sup 6 Nhn vin c tn trng v tin cy trong cng vic

Sup 7 Nhn vin c i x cng bng, khng phn bit.

Sup 8 Cc cn b qun l gim st cng vic ca anh ch c hiu qu?

Thnh phn 6 : Thng hiu (k hiu: TRADE) : bao gm 4 bin quan st o

lng mc cm nhn ca nhn vin v yu t thng hiu:

K hiu bin Pht biu

Trade 1 Anh / ch tin tng c mt tng lai ti sng khi lm vic cho CTY

Trade 2 Anh/ ch t ho v thng hiu Cty

Trade 3 CTY lun to ra sn phm/ dch v c cht lng cao

Trade 4 Khch hng hi lng v nh gi cao sn phm/ dch v ca CTY

Thnh phn 7 : S i mi (k hiu: INNO) : bao gm 3 bin quan st o

lng mc cm nhn ca nhn vin v yu t i mi.

- 36 -

K hiu bin Pht biu

Inno 1 Cng ty c cch thc tin hnh cng vic rt linh hot

Inno 2 Cng ty thng xuyn ci tin phng php thc hin cng vic.

Inno 3 Cng ty thng khuyn khch nhng c gng to ra s thay i, ci tin.

Thnh phn 8 : p lc cng vic (k hiu: WLD) bao gm 3 bin quan st o

lng mc cm nhn ca nhn vin v yu t p lc cng vic.

K hiu bin Pht biu

Wld 1 Cc ng nghip trong b phn thng xuyn phi lm vic thm gi hoc mang cng vic v nh lm mi kp tin .

Wld 2 Do p lc cng vic, anh ch t c thi gian dnh cho bn thn v gia nh

Wld 3 ng nghip ca anh ch thng xuyn chu p lc cng vic cao

Trong 8 thnh phn tc ng n s tha mn cng vic c 7 thnh phn c t gi

thuyt tc ng dng n s tha mn cng vic, ch ring thnh phn p lc cng

vic c t gi thuyt c tc ng m (-) n s tha mn ca nhn vin do vy m

nghin cu cn m ha li (Recode ) thang o ca thnh phn ny cho ph hp v bit

chnh xc mc cm nhn ca nhn vin v s tha mn cng vic do yu t p lc

cng vic mang li, c th:

Trong :

n: mc tha mn cng vic do p lc cng vic

m: mc ng ca nhn vin v yu t p lc cng vic (s dng kt qu

thang o Likert 5 bc cha m ha)

V d : vi pht biu Do p lc cng vic, anh ch t c thi gian dnh cho bn thn v

gia nh. Khi nhn vin tr li vi kt qu l 5 = Rt ng , iu ny c ngha l

anh ta khng tha mn vi cng vic do c qu nhiu p lc v chnh v p lc cng vic

nng m anh ta khng c dnh thi gian cho gia nh. Lc ny mc tha mn v cng

vic trong trng hp ny l n= 6- 5 = 1 Rt khng ng

n = 6 m

- 37 -

2.3.2 Thang o s gn kt vi t chc

Nh trnh by chng 1, nghin cu xy dng v s dng thang o s gn kt vi t

chc da trn thang o Meyer & Allen, bi l thang o ca Meyer v Allen d bo v

gii thch tt hn s gn kt ca nhn vin trong t chc. Cc yu t thnh phn dng

o lng s gn kt vi t chc c s dng trong nghin cu bao gm 3 thnh

phn: (1)s gn kt v tnh cm (Affective Commitment), (2) s gn kt duy tr

(Continuance Commitment), (3) s gn kt v o c (Normative Commitment).

Thang o s gn kt i vi t chc bao gm cc thnh phn vi cc bin quan st sau:

Thnh phn 1 : S gn kt vi t chc v tnh cm (k hiu : AC) : bao gm 7

bin quan st c k hiu l AC, t AC1 n AC7

K hiu bin Pht biu

AC 1 V mt s phng din, anh/ch coi cng ty CTY nh mi nh th hai ca mnh

AC 2 Anh/Ch t ho v c lm vic trong CTY

AC 3 Anh/Ch vui mng v chn CTY lm vic

AC 4 CTY c ngha rt quan trng i vi anh/ch.

AC 5 Anh/ch c cm nhn l mt thnh vin trong gia nh CTY

AC 6 Anh/ch cm thy cc vn kh khn ca CTY cng l cc vn ca anh/ch

AC 7 Anh/ch c cm nhn l anh/ch thuc v CTY

Thnh phn 2 : S gn kt vi t chc duy tr (k hiu : CC) : bao gm 6 bin

quan st c k hiu l CC, t CC1 n CC6.

K hiu bin Pht biu

CC 1 li vi CTY by gi l cn thit i vi anh/ch

CC 2 Mc d mun nhng anh/ch cm thy ri CTY lc ny l kh khn cho anh/ch.

CC 3 Cuc sng ca anh/ch s b nh hng rt nhiu nu anh/ch ri b CTY vo lc ny.

CC 4 Nu anh/ch ri CTY vo lc ny, anh/ch s khng c nhiu s la chn khc.

CC 5 Nu anh/ch khng u t rt nhiu vo trong CTY, th c l anh/ch ri khi CTY

CC 6 Nu ri CTY, anh/ch s kh kim c vic lm khc nh CTY.

- 38 -

Thnh phn 3 : S gn kt vi t chc v o c (k hiu : NC) : bao gm 6

bin quan st c k hiu l NC, t NC1 n NC6.

K hiu bin Pht biu

NC 1 Anh/ch cm thy phi c trch nhim li vi CTY

NC 2 Mc d c cng vic tt hn ni khc, anh/ch cm thy vic ri khi CTY l khng nn.

NC 3 Anh/ch cm thy c li nu anh/ch ri CTY vo lc ny

NC 4 CTY xng ng vi lng trung thnh ca anh/ch

NC 5 Anh/ch khng th ri CTY vo lc ny v cm nhn trch nhim ca anh/ch vi mi ngi trong cng ty

NC 6 CTY mang li cho anh/ch nhiu th, anh/ch cm thy anh/ch mc n vi CTY qu nhiu.

2.4. Tm tt:

Chng ny trnh by phng php nghin cu thc hin trong ti nhm

xy dng, nh gi cc thang o v m hnh l thuyt. S lng mu c a vo

nghin cu chnh thc l 325 mu. S tha mn cng vic ca nhn vin c o

lng bi 8 thnh phn gm 37 bin quan st. S gn kt vi t chc cng c o

lng bi 3 thnh phn gm 19 bin quan st. D liu thu thp s c x l bng

chng trnh phn tch s liu thng k SPSS 11.5 for Windows a kt qu nghin

cu.

- 39 -

CHNG 3 :

X L S LIU V KT QU NGHIN CU

Trong chng 2, nghin cu trnh by phng php thc hin nghin cu nhm xy

dng, nh gi thang o v m hnh nghin cu. Chng 3 ny s trnh by kt qu ca

nghin cu thng qua vic x l phn tch d liu thu thp c. Kt qu nghin cu

c trnh by chng ny bao gm : thng tin v mu kho st, kt qu nh gi

thang o, kt qu phn tch nhn t khm ph (EFA), kt qu phn tch hi quy.

3.1. M t mu:

t c kch thc mu nghin cu nh trnh by trong chng 2 l 325 mu.

Nghin cu thc hin kho st vi tng s phiu kho st pht ra l 400 phiu, thu v

350 phiu, loi b 25 phiu khng t yu cu, cn li l 325, t t l 81.25%.

Trong 325 nhn vin tr li kho st, t l gia nam v n khng c chnh lch ln, c

180 ngi tr li l nam (chim t l 55.4%) v 145 ngi l n (t l 44.6%). Xt

theo tui, c 60 ngi di 25 (chim t l 18.5%), 68 ngi c tui t 35-44

(chim t l 20.9%), 31 ngi t tui 45-54 (chim t l 9.5%) v c 4 ngi t 55

tui tr ln (chim 1.2%), cn li a s l tui 25-34 (chim t l cao nht 49.9%).

V c cu mu kho st theo loi hnh doanh nghip, da trn danh sch cc n v vn

ti ng b thu thp c t phng vn ti cng nghip s GTVT (ph lc 6), nghin

cu tp trung kho st 3 loi hnh doanh nghip c bn sau :

Bng 3-1 : C cu mu kho st theo loi hnh doanh nghip

Loi hnh Kch c mu T l mu

Hp tc x 100 30.8%

Cng ty 205 63.1%

Trung tm VTHK 20 6.1%

Tng 325 100%

- 40 -

3.2. nh gi s b thang o

3.2.1. nh gi thang o mc tha mn cng vic

Nh gii thiu chng 2, trc khi a vo phn tch nhn t khm ph, d liu

nghin cu s c kim nh thang o bng cng c Cronbach Alpha bng phn mm

SPSS, nhm kim tra tin cy ca thang o cc thnh phn tha mn i vi cng

vic. Thang o mc tha mn cng vic c 8 yu t thnh phn cng vic vi 37

bin quan st, kt qu kim nh c trnh by s b trong bng sau:

Bng 3-2 : Kt qu Cronbachs Alpha ca thang o cc thnh phn tha mn CV

Bin quan st Trung bnh thang o nu

loi bin

Phng sai thang o nu

loi bin

Tng quan bin tng

CronbachsAlpha nu loi

bin Nhm yu t cng vic (WORK) Cronbachs Alpha = .7723 WORK_1 11.6338 6.9921 .6334 .6863WORK_2 11.4769 7.3490 .6266 .6935WORK_3 11.6092 7.2697 .5482 .7316WORK_4 11.7200 7.2825 .5015 .7588Nhm yu t c hi o to v thng tin (PRO) Cronbachs Alpha = .9347 PRO_1 20.9877 39.9073 .7657 .9267PRO_2 21.0708 40.2635 .8031 .9234PRO_3 21.0892 39.6988 .7974 .9237PRO_4 21.0154 39.9226 .8222 .9216PRO_5 21.2092 39.2586 .7864 .9249PRO_6 21.0092 39.7684 .7862 .9248PRO_7 21.1262 40.1044 .7603 .9272Nhm yu t tin lng (PAY) Cronbachs Alpha = .8581 PAY_1 10.5877 10.6628 .5871 .8689PAY_2 10.3323 10.1917 .6674 .8348PAY_3 10.3415 10.2256 .7921 .7856PAY_4 10.4154 9.9041 .7852 .7851Nhm yu t ng nghip (COW) Cronbachs Alpha = .6958 COW_1 11.7785 7.6915 .6958 .8763COW_2 11.8400 6.8262 .7936 .8396COW_3 11.7662 7.2600 .8179 .8329COW_4 11.9323 7.1374 .7167 .8705Nhm yu t lnh o ( SUP) Cronbachs Alpha = .9262 SUP_1 26.9077 37.2692 .7813 .9140

- 41 -

SUP_2 27.0431 37.8932 .7870 .9135SUP_3 26.8308 37.9805 .8061 .9120SUP_4 26.8615 38.9283 .7382 .9173SUP_5 26.7846 40.1078 .6816 .9215SUP_6 26.8308 39.2213 .7542 .9162SUP_7 27.0031 38.4475 .7504 .9164SUP_8 26.9938 39.3024 .6910 .9209Nhm yu t thng hiu (TRADE) Cronbachs Alpha = .8447 TRADE_1 11.8092 6.6363 .6702 .8120TRADE_2 11.5754 7.0784 .7208 .7859TRADE_3 11.9569 7.1216 .6984 .7953TRADE_4 12.0031 7.7623 .6467 .8183Nhm yu t s i mi (INNO) Cronbachs Alpha = .8312 INNO_1 7.5446 3.7796 .6872 .7694INNO_2 7.5262 3.7130 .7265 .7305INNO_3 7.3538 3.8528 .6580 .7982Nhm yu t p lc cng vic (WLD) Cronbachs Alpha = .8341 WLD_1 5.5046 5.4051 .6515 .8137WLD_2 5.6431 5.2055 .7336 .7315WLD_3 5.6892 5.4556 .7013 .7642

Qua kt qu kim nh s b cho thy cc bin thnh phn o lng mc tha

mn cng vic c h s tng quan tng > 0.4 v h s Cronbachs Alpha > 0.6. Nh

vy, thang o o lng mc tha mn i vi cng vic nh: bn cht cng vic,

tin lng, c hi o to v thng tin, lnh o, ng nghip, thng hiu, s i

mi v p lc cng vic tha mn yu cu v tin cy Crobach Alpha (Cronbachs

Alpha t nht > 0.6).

- 42 -

Bng 3-3 : Bng tng kt h s tin cy ca cc thnh phn thang o s tha mn:

STT Thang o S bin quan stCronbachs

AlphaH s tng quan

bin tng thp nht 1 Cng vic 4 0.7723 0.5015 2 C hi o to v thng tin 7 0.9347 0.7603 3 Tin lng 4 0.8581 0.5871 4 ng nghip 4 0.8874 0.6958 5 Lnh o 8 0.9262 0.6816 6 Thng hiu 4 0.8447 0.6467 7 S i mi 3 0.8312 0.6872 8 p lc cng vic 3 0.8341 0.6515

3.2.2. nh gi thang o mc gn kt ca nhn vin i vi t chc

Thang o s gn kt ca nhn vin i vi t chc c o lng theo 3 thnh

phn vi 19 bin quan st c thc hin bng phm mm SPSS 11.5, kt qu kim

nh s b c trnh by trong bng sau :

Bng 3-4 : Kt qu Cronbachs Alpha ca thang o cc thnh phn gn kt

Bin quan st Trung bnh thang o nu

loi bin

Phng sai thang o nu

loi bin

Tng quan bin tng

CronbachsAlpha nu loi

bin Nhm yu t gn kt v tnh cm (AC) Cronbachs Alpha = .9282 AC_1 23.5046 28.8248 .7387 .9206AC_2 23.3292 28.2400 .8093 .9135AC_3 23.3292 28.4314 .8060 .9138AC_4 23.3723 28.5060 .8388 .9109AC_5 23.3108 28.9371 .7700 .9174AC_6 23.2369 30.0764 .7019 .9237AC_7 23.5231 28.7626 .7411 .9203Nhm yu t gn kt duy tr (CC) Cronbachs Alpha = .7019 CC_1 16.5815 26.9046 .4884 .8504CC_2 16.9908 23.8672 .6680 .8199CC_3 17.1231 22.2317 .7497 .8028CC_4 17.5015 22.3187 .7315 .8064CC_5 17.2031 24.6006 .5450 .8429CC_6 17.4615 22.8974 .6340 .8268

- 43 -

Nhm yu t gn kt v o c (NC) Cronbachs Alpha = .8761 NC_1 17.9015 22.5952 .6944 .8528NC_2 17.9108 22.9704 .6698 .8569NC_3 18.1908 21.3956 .7467 .8432NC_4 17.9600 22.1311 .7203 .8483NC_5 17.9169 22.4283 .7279 .8476NC_6 18.5508 22.4272 .5544 .8803

Qua kt qu kim nh cho thy thnh phn gn kt v tnh cm c h s Cronbach

Alpha = 0.9282 ; thnh phn gn kt duy tr c h s Cronbach Alpha = 0.7019 ;

thnh phn gn kt v o c c h s Cronbach Alpha = 0.8761.

Kt qu kim nh cho thy tt c cc thang o c h s tng quan tng >0.4 v h s

Cronbachs Alpha > 0.6. Nh vy, cc thang o o lng mc gn kt vi t chc

tha mn yu cu v tin cy Crobach Alpha.

Bng 3-5 : Bng tng kt h s tin cy ca cc thnh phn thang o s gn kt:

STT Thang o S bin quan stCronbachs Alpha

H s tng quan bin tng thp nht

1 Gn kt v tnh cm 7 0.9282 0.7019

2 Gn kt duy tr 6 0.7019 0.4884

3 Gn kt v o c 6 0.8761 0.5544

3.3. Phn tch nhn t khm ph (EFA)

Sau khi nh gi s b thang o o lng mc tha mn cng vic v thang o s

gn kt vi t chc bng h s Cronbach alpha. Sau , ton b cc bin quan st c

a vo phn tch nhn t khm ph (EFA), vic phn tch nhn t EFA s gip khm

ph cc cu trc khi nim nghin cu, loi b cc bin o lng khng t yu cu v

m bo cho thang o c tnh ng nht. Mc ch l rt gn tp hp cc bin quan

st c mi quan h cht ch thnh mt s nhn t m khng gim lng thng tin cc

bin ban u.

- 44 -

Trong qu trnh phn tch nhn t cc nh nghin cu thng lu nhng yu cu v

tiu chun nh sau:

- H s ti nhn t (factor loading) > 0.451, nu bin no c h s ti nhn t

0.45 th s b loi, factor loading ln nht ct no th thuc vo nhn t .

- Phng sai trch 50% v eigenvalue c gi tr ln hn 1 th thang o c

chp nhn.

- H s KMO (Kaiser Meyer Olkin) - tr s dng xem xt s thch hp

ca phn tch nhn t do vy gi tr KMO phi nm gia 0.5 v 1 (0.5< KMO 50%) cho thy 69.377% bin thin ca d liu c

gii thch bi 7 nhn t. Theo Hair & ctg (1998) yu cu phng sai trch phi t t

50% tr ln. Mc ngha ca kim nh Bartlett = 0.000 (< 0.05) nn cc bin quan st

1 Theo Hair & ctg (1998,111), Multivariate Data Analysis, Prentice-Hall International, Inc, Factor loading l ch tiu m bo mc ngha thit thc ca EFA (ensuring practical significance). Factor loading > 0.3 c xem l t c mc ti thiu, Factor loading > 0.4 c xem l quan trng, 0.5 c xem l c ngha thc tin. Hair & ctg (1998,111) cng khuyn bn c nh sau: nu chn tiu chun factor loading > 0.3 th c mu ca bn t nht phi l 350, nu c mu ca bn khong 100 th nn chn tiu chun factor loading > 0.55, nu c mu ca bn khong 50 th Factor loading phi > 0.75. 2 KMO l mt ch tiu dng xem xt s thch hp ca EFA, 0.5KMO1 th phn tch nhn t l thch hp. Kim nh Bartlett xem xt gi thuyt v tng quan gia cc bin quan st bng khng trong tng th. Nu kim nh ny c ngha thng k (Sig 0.05) th cc bin quan st c tng quan vi nhau trong trng th (Trng & Ngc,2005,262).

- 45 -

c tng quan xt trn phm vi tng th. H s KMO = 0.944 (0.5 < KMO < 1) nn

phn tch nhn t l ph hp. Do vy, cc thang o rt ra l chp nhn c.

Nh vy, kt qu phn tch nhn t khm ph cho thy, thang o s tha mn

vi cng vic t 8 thnh phn sau khi phn tch nhn t khm ph EFA th c nhm

li thnh 7 thnh phn vi 37 bin quan st. Thnh phn s i mi vi 3 bin quan st

c tch ra v nhm li chung vi thnh phn lnh o ( lnh o 1->7, s i mi 2,

s i mi 3) v c hi o to & thng tin (c hi o to v thng tin 1->7, s i

mi 1). Cc nhn t trch ra u t tin cy v gi tr.

- 46 -

Bng 3-6 : Kt qu phn tch EFA i vi thang o mc tha mn v cng vic

Nhn t Bin quan st 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Lnh o 3 .738Lnh o 5 .728Lnh o 4 .722Lnh o 1 .712Lnh o 2 .689Lnh o 8 .654Lnh o 6 .650Lnh o 7 .642S i mi 2 .511S i mi 3 .510C hi o to v thng tin 2 .778C hi o to v thng tin 1 .751C hi o to v thng tin 4 .744C hi o to v thng tin 3 .707C hi o to v thng tin 5 .693C hi o to v thng tin 6 .639C hi o to v thng tin 7 .592Bn cht cng vic 4 .477S i mi 1 .459Thng hiu 2 .778Thng hiu 4 .733Thng hiu 1 .732Thng hiu 3 .700ng nghip 3 .835ng nghip 2 .834ng nghip 1 .744ng nghip 4 .698Lng 4 .699Lng 3 .689Lng 2 .684Lng 1 .616p lc cng vic 2 .876p lc cng vic 3 .854p lc cng vic 1 .823Bn cht cng vic 3 .759Bn cht cng vic 2 .601Bn cht cng vic 1 .576Eigen-value 15.652 2.375 1.914 1.807 1.444 1.359 1.119Phng sai trch (%) 16.681 14.694 8.992 8.688 8.044 6.476 5.803C.Alpha 0.9279 0.9291 0.8874 0.8447 0.8581 0.8341 0.7588

- 47 -

T kt qu phn tch nhn t khm ph EFA, t 8 thnh phn to nn s tha mn cng

vic c iu chnh li thnh 7 thnh phn nhn t nh sau :

Nhn t th nht l nhn t lnh o bao gm 10 bin quan st:

Sup 1 Cn b lnh o gng mu

Sup 2 Cn b qun l trong cng ty c li ni v vic lm song hnh

Sup 3 Anh/ ch tin tng ban lnh o cng ty

Sup 4 Anh /Ch nhn c s h tr ca cp trn khi cn thit

Sup 5 Cp trn hi kin khi c vn lin quan n cng vic ca Anh/Ch

Sup 6 Nhn vin c tn trng v tin cy trong cng vic

Sup 7 Nhn vin c i x cng bng, khng phn bit.

Sup 8 Cc cn b qun l gim st cng vic ca anh ch c hiu qu?

Inno 2 Cng ty thng xuyn ci tin phng php thc hin cng vic.

Inno 3 Cng ty thng khuyn khch nhng c gng to ra s thay i, ci tin.

Nhn t th hai l nhn t c hi o to v thng tin bao gm 9 bin quan st:

Pro 1 Cng ty cung cp cho anh/ ch cc chng trnh o to cn thit cho cng vic

Pro 2 Cc chng trnh o to ca cng ty c hiu qu tt

Pro 3 Cng ty thng xuyn u t nng cao trnh cho cn b nhn vin

Pro 4 Anh / ch hi lng vi cc chng trnh o to trong cng ty

Pro 5 Chnh sch thng tin ca cng ty cng bng

Pro 6 Cng ty to cho Anh /Ch nhiu c hi pht trin c nhn

Pro 7 Anh / ch hi lng vi c hi thng tin trong cng ty

Work 4 C s vt cht v phng tin lm vic cho anh /ch l tt

Inno 1 Cng ty c cch thc tin hnh cng vic rt linh hot

Nhn t th ba l nhn t ng nghip bao gm 4 bin quan st:

Cow 1 ng nghip ca Anh/Ch thoi mi v d chu

Cow 2 Mi ngi lm vic theo tinh thn ng i

Cow 3 Cc ng nghip ca Anh/Ch sn sng gip nhau

Cow 4 Cng ty c s on kt nht tr cao

- 48 -

Nhn t th t l nhn t thng hiu bao gm 4 bin quan st:

Trade 1 Anh / ch tin tng c mt tng lai ti sng khi lm vic cho CTY

Trade 2 Anh/ ch t ho v thng hiu Cty

Trade 3 CTY lun to ra sn phm/ dch v c cht lng cao

Trade 4 Khch hng hi lng v nh gi cao sn phm/ dch v ca CTY

Nhn t th nm l nhn t tr lng bao gm 4bin quan st:

Pay 1 Anh/Ch c th sng hon ton da vo thu nhp t CTY

Pay 2 Tin lng, thu nhp c tr cng bng

Pay 3 Tin lng tng xng vi kt qu lm vic

Pay 4 Anh ch hi lng vi ch lng trong cng ty.

Nhn t th su l nhn t p lc cng vic bao gm 3 bin quan st:

Wld 1 Cc ng nghip trong b phn thng xuyn phi lm vic thm gi hoc mang

cng vic v nh lm mi kp tin .

Wld 2 Do p lc cng vic, anh ch t c thi gian dnh cho bn thn v gia nh

Wld 3 ng nghip ca anh ch thng xuyn chu p lc cng vic cao

Nhn t th by l nhn t bn cht cng vic bao gm 3 bin quan st:

Work 1 Cng vic cho php Anh /Ch s dng tt cc nng lc c nhn

Work 2 Anh ch a thch cng vic ang lm

Work 3 Cng vic c nhiu thch thc

3.3.2. Kim nh thang o o lng mc gn kt vi t chc

Vi 19 bin quan st ca 3 thnh phn o lng mc gn kt vi t chc

c cho vo kim nh EFA. Kt qu phn tch bng 3-7 cho thy c 3 thnh phn

chnh hay cn c gi l 3 nhn t c rt ra. Cc h s ti nhn t (trng s nhn

t) u ln hn 0.5. Cc thang o rt ra l chp nhn c v h s KMO = 0.925,

(0.5< KMO

- 49 -

65.469% > 50%, th hin rng 3 nhn t rt ra c gii thch 65.469% bin thin ca

d liu ti h s Eigenvalue = 1.334. Nh vy, tt c cc tiu chun ca phn tch nhn

t i vi thang o o lng mc gn kt vi t chc u c chp nhn v gi tr

(xem ph lc 4).

Bng 3-7 : Kt qu phn tch EFA i vi cc thang o mc gn kt vi

t chc

Nhn t Bin quan st

1 2 3Gn kt v tnh cm 3 .858Gn kt v tnh cm 2 .842Gn kt v tnh cm 4 .835Gn kt v tnh cm 1 .773Gn kt v tnh cm 5 .761Gn kt v tnh cm 6 .735Gn kt v tnh cm 7 .695Gn kt duy tr 1 .527Gn kt duy tr 3 .815Gn kt duy tr 4 .802Gn kt duy tr 2 .797Gn kt duy tr 6 .712Gn kt duy tr 5 .644Gn kt v o c 5 .793Gn kt v o c 3 .763Gn kt v o c 2 .723Gn kt v o c 1 .664Gn kt v o c 4 .575Gn kt v o c 6 .570Eigen-value 8.676 2.430 1.334Phng sai trch (%) 28.233 18.819 18.417C.Alpha 0.9243 0.8504 0.8761

- 50 -

Nh vy, cc kt qu thu c t tin cy Cronbach Alpha v phn tch nhn

t khm ph EFA trn cho thy cc thang o cc khi nim nghin cu u t yu

cu v gi tr v tin cy.

Bng 3-8 : Tm tt kt qu kim nh thang o

Thang o Thnh phn

S bin quanst

tin cy

(Alpha)

Phng sai

trch(%)

nh gi

1- Lnh o 10 0.9279

2- C hi o to v thng tin 9 0.92913- ng nghip 4 0.8874

4- Thng hiu 4 0.8447

5- Lng 4 0.8581

6- p lc cng vic 3 0.8341

S tha mn v cng vic

7- Bn cht cng vic 3 0.7588

69.377

t yucu

1- Gn kt v tnh cm 8 0.9243

2- Gn kt duy tr 5 0.8504S gn kt vi

t chc 3- Gn kt v o c 6 0.8761

65.469

t yucu

- 51 -

Hnh 3-1 : M hnh nghin cu iu chnh sau khi thc hin EFA

Bn cht cng vic

Tin lng

o to v thng tin

ng nghip

Thng hiu

Lnh o

p lc cng vic

S tha mn chung (GS)

Gn kt v tnhcm

Gn kt duytr

Gn kt v o c

(+)

(+)

(+)

(+)

(+)

(+)

(-)

- 52 -

3.4. Phn tch hi quy

Sau khi kim nh tin cy thang o bng h s cronbach alpha v phn tch nhn t

EFA, m hnh nghin cu iu chnh nh c trnh by trong hnh 3-1 v cc gi

thuyt nghin cu cn phi c kim nh bng phng php phn tch hi quy.

Phng php thc hin hi quy l phng php a vo ln lt (Enter). Phn tch hi

quy s c thc hin vi 7 bin c lp : F1 : Sup ( Lnh o); F2 : Pro (c hi o

to v thng tin) ; F3 : Cow (ng nghip) ; F4 : Trade (thng hiu) ; F5 : Pay

(lng) ; F6 : Wld (p lc cng vic) ; F7 : Work (bn cht cng vic) v 2 bin ph

thuc : s tha mn chung (GS) v s gn kt vi t chc (gn kt v tnh cm

(AC); gn kt duy tr (CC); gn kt v o c (NC)).

Gi tr nhn t t F1 n F7 v AC, CC, NC l trung bnh ca cc bin quan st thnh

phn thuc nhm . Kt qu ca phn tch hi quy c dng kim nh cc gi

thuyt ca nghin cu.

Trc khi tin hnh phn tch hi quy tuyn tnh ta xem xt qua cc mi tng quan

tuyn tnh gia cc bin c lp v ph thuc, xem xt tng qut mi quan h gia

tng bin c lp vi bin ph thuc v gia cc bin c lp vi nhau.

Qua kt qu phn tch h s tng quan c th hin bng 3-9 cho thy gia cc

bin c lp v ph thuc u c tng quan vi nhau, iu ny chng t gia chng

c mi quan h tuyn tnh vi nhau. C th, h s tng quan gia s tha mn i vi

cc yu t thnh phn cng vic v s tha mn chung (GS), s gn kt vi t chc v

tnh cm, s gn kt vi t chc v o c kh cao, iu ny chng t chng c mi

lin h kh cht ch (ngoi tr yu t thnh phn p lc cng vic c tng quan

nghch i vi cc thnh phn cng vic, s tha mn chung v cc thnh phn ca s

gn kt).

- 53 -

Bng 3-9 : MA TRN TNG QUAN

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

1- Lnh o -2- C hi o to v thng tin .732(**) -

3- ng nghip .604(**) .501(**) -

4- Thng hiu .554(**) .530(**) .448(**) -

5- Lng .654(**) .672(**) .468(**) .510(**) -6- p lc cng vic

-.177(**)

-.262(**)

-.135(**)

-.161(**)

-.231(**) -

7- Bn cht cng vic .597(**) .630(**) .480(**) .520(**) .520(**)

-.227(**) -

8- S tha mn chung .653(**) .549(**) .532(**) .578(**) .511(**)

-.148(**) .550(**) -

9- Gn kt v tnh cm .683(**) .683(**) .586(**) .592(**) .590(**)

-.252(**) .618(**) .656(**) -

10- Gn kt duy tr .424(**) .437(**) .303(**) .247(**) .460(**)

-.329(**) .276(**) .340(**) .410(**) -

11- Gn kt v o c .628(**) .639(**) .469(**) .496(**) .617(**)

-.254(**) .531(**) .511(**) .671(**) .538(**) -

- 54 -

3.4.1. Phn tch hi quy nh hng ca tha mn cng vic n tha mn

chung (JS n GS)

3.4.1.1. nh gi s ph hp ca m hnh hi quy

nh gi ph hp ca m hnh, cc nh nghin cu s dng h s xc nh R

(R-quare) nh gi mc ph hp ca m hnh nghin cu, h s xc nh R

c chng minh l hm khng gim theo s bin c lp c a vo m hnh, tuy

nhin khng phi phng trnh cng c nhiu bin s cng ph hp hn vi d liu, R

c khuynh hng l mt yu t lc quan ca thc o s ph hp ca m hnh i vi

d liu trong trng hp c 1 bin gii thch trong m hnh. Nh vy, trong hi quy

tuyn tnh bi thng dng h s R-quare iu chnh nh gi ph hp ca m

hnh v n khng thi phng mc ph hp ca m hnh. Bnh cnh , cn kim tra

hin tng tng quan bng h s Durbin Watson (1< Durbin-Watson < 3 ) v khng

c hin tng a cng tuyn bng h s phng i phng sai VIF (VIF < 10). H s

Beta chun ho c dng nh gi mc quan trng ca tng nhn t, h s Beta

chun ho ca bin no cng cao th mc tc ng ca bin vo s tha mn

chung cng ln (Hong Trng v Mng Ngc, 2005).

th hin tnh thuyt phc v to s tin tng hon ton vo kt qu ca phn tch

hi quy ta ln lt kim nh mt s gi nh sau :

- M hnh khng c hin tng a cng tuyn

- Cc phn d c phn phi chun

- Gi nh v tnh c lp ca sai s (khng c s tng quan gia cc phn d)

- Gi nh phng sai ca phn d khng i

+ Gi nh m hnh khng c hin tng a cng tuyn:

phn phn tch h s tng quan gia cc bin c lp vi bin ph thuc v gia

cc bin c lp vi nhau, ta thy rng gia cc bin ph thuc c quan h tng quan

vi cc bin c lp v cng nh gia cc bin c lp cng c mi tng quan vi

nhau. Khi mi tng quan kh cht ch s d dn n hin tng a cng tuyn ca m

- 55 -

hnh. Do vy m chng ta phi d tm hin tng a cng tuyn bng cch tnh chp

nhn ca bin (Tolerance) v h s phng i phng sai (VIF).

Qua bng kt qu phn tch t bng 3-10, ta thy VIF ln nht ch bng 3.027 do

ta c th kt lun m hnh khng c hin tng a cng tuyn. Ch khi no VIF vt

qu 10 th m hnh mi xy ra hin tng a cng tuyn (Hong Trng- Chu Nguyn

Mng Ngc 2005)

Bng 3-10 : Cc thng s ca tng bin trong phng trnh hi quy cc yu t nh hng n tha mn chung

H s cha chun ho

H s chun ha

T Sig. Thng k a cng tuyn M hnh

B Std.Error Beta Tolerance VIF

(Constant) -.871 .302 -2.888 .004Lanh dao .438 .091 .324 4.831 .000 .332 3.008Co hoi dao tao vathang tien -.003 .079 -.002 -.033 .974 .330 3.027

Dong nghiep .186 .065 .143 2.865 .004 .601 1.663Thuong hieu .317 .066 .242 4.837 .000 .600 1.666Luong .040 .061 .036 .646 .519 .477 2.097Ap luc cong viec .009 .041 .009 .221 .825 .918 1.090

1

Ban chat congviec .186 .068 .147 2.742 .006 .523 1.912

a Bin c lp: Tha mn chung (GS)

+ Gi nh v phn phi chun ca phn d

Phn d c th khng tun theo phn phi chun v nhng l do nh sau: s dng sai

m hnh, phng sai khng phi l hng s, s lng cc phn d khng nhiu

phn tch V vy chng ta thc hin nhiu cch kho st khc nhau d tm vi

phm. Nghin cu thc hin kho st phn phi ca phn d bng cch xy dng biu

tn s Histogram v biu Q-Q plot.

Nhn vo biu tn s Histogram ta thy phn d c phn phi chun vi tr trung

bnh mean = 0 v lch chun Std.Dev = 0.99 gn bng 1, v biu tn s Q-Q Plot

- 56 -

cng cho ta thy cc im quan st khng phn tn qu xa ng thng k vng, nn ta

c th kt lun rng gi thit phn phi chun khng b vi phm.

BIU 3-1 : Biu tn s ca phn d chun ha

BIU 3-2 : Q-Q PLOT

Regression Standardized Residual

3,753,25

2,752,25

1,751,25

,75,25-,25-,75

-1,25-1,75

-2,25-2,75

-3,25

Histogram

Dependent Variable: GS

Freq

uenc

y

50

40

30

20

10

0

Std. Dev = ,99Mean = 0,00

N = 325,00

Normal Q-Q Plot of Standardized Residual

pect

edNor

mal

Valu

e

3

2

1

0

-1

-2Observed Value

43210-1-2-3-4

Ex -3

- 57 -

+ Gi nh v tnh c lp ca sai s ( khng c tng quan gia cc phn d):

Ta dng i lng Durbin Watson (d) thc hin kim nh . i lng d ny c

gi tr bin thin t 0 n 4. Nu cc phn d khng c tng quan chui bc nht vi

nhau gi tr d s gn bng 2. Kim nh Durbin Watson cho thy kt qu d = 1.825

xp x gn bng 2, ta c th kt lun cc phn d l c lp vi nhau hay khng c

tng quan gia cc phn d.

Bng 3-11 : Kt qu kim nh s tng quan gia cc phn d

Mhnh

H s R

R2(R Square)

R2 hiu chnh(Adjusted R

Square)

Sai s chun ca c lng (Std. Error of the Estimate)

H s Durbin-Watson

1 .724(a) .525 .514 .795 1.825a Bin ph thuCo hoi dao tao vb Bin c lp:

+ Gi nh ph

bit c m

Scatter Plot

xung quanh

khng b hin

BIc : Ban chat cong viec, Ap luc cong viec, Dong nghiep, Thuong hieu, Luong, a thang tien, Lanh dao

Tha mn chung

ng sai ca phn d khng i

hnh c b hin tng phng sai thay i chng ta c th dng th

gii thch. Qua biu ta nhn thy gi tr phn d phn tn ngu nhin

ng i qua tung 0 nh trong hnh sau, iu ny chng t m hnh

tng phng sai thay i

U 3-3 : TH PHN TN SCATTER PLOT

Scatterplot

Dependent Variable: GS

Regression Standardized Predicted Value

210-1-2-3-4

Reg

ress

ion

Stan

dard

ized

Res

idua

l

4

3

2

1

0

-1

-2

-3

-4

- 58 -

3.4.1.2. Phn tch hi quy cc yu t nh hng n s tha mn chung

Bng 3-12: Kt qu cc gi tr thng k v tc ng ca cc yu t thnh phn

cng vic n s tha mn chung ca nhn vin

Model Summary(b)

Mhnh

H s R

R2(R Square)

R2 hiu chnh(Adjusted R Square)

Sai s chun ca c lng (Std. Error of the Estimate)

1 .724(a) .525 .514 .795a Bin ph thuc : Ban chat cong viec, Ap luc cong viec, Dong nghiep, Thuong hieu, Luong, Co hoi dao tao va thang tien, Lanh daob Bin c lp: Tha mn chung

Bng 3-13: Kt qu phn tch hi quy nh hng ca tha mn cng vic n tha

mn chung

H s (Coefficients)

H s cha chun ho

H s chun ho M

hnh Bin B Std. Error Beta

t Sig.

Hng s -.871 .302 -2.888 .004Lanh dao .438 .091 .324 4.831 .000Co hoi dao tao vathang tien -.003 .079 -.002 -.033 .974

Dong nghiep .186 .065 .143 2.865 .004Thuong hieu .317 .066 .242 4.837 .000Luong .040 .061 .036 .646 .519Ap luc cong viec .009 .041 .009 .221 .825

1

Ban chat cong viec .186 .068 .147 2.742 .006a. Bin ph thuc: Tha mn chung

Kt qu: Kt qu phn tch cho thy mc ngha sig. ca cc yu t thnh phn cng

vic: lnh o, ng nghip, thng hiu v bn cht cng vic t yu cu v

sig.0.05. H s R2 = 0.525 c ngha l bin s tha mn chung c gii

thch 52.5% bi 4 bin lnh o, ng nghip, thng hiu v bn cht cng vic

- 59 -

Kt qu cho thy rng, trong 7 yu t thnh phn cng vic tc ng n s tha mn

chung th c 4 yu t quan h tuyn tnh vi s tha mn chung ca nhn vin, l :

yu t lnh o, ng nghip, thng hiu v bn cht cng vic. Ta c th kt lun

rng: gi thuyt H1a, H1b, H1e, H1f c chp nhn. Cc gi thuyt H1c, H1d, H1h

khng c chp nhn v sig.>0.05, nh vy 3 yu t : c hi o to v thng tin,

lng, p lc cng vic khng nh hng g n s tha mn chung ca nhn vin,

mc tha mn v 3 yu t trn ca thnh phn cng vic tng hay gim cng khng

lm nh hng n s tha mn chung ca nhn vin

M hnh c biu din li di dng phng trnh hi quy tuyn tnh di s tc

ng ca 4 yu t thnh phn cng vic n s tha mn chung ca nhn vin

(phng trnh 3-1) :

GS = -0.817 + 0.438F1+ 0.186F3 + 0.317F4 + 0.186F7 (3-1)

Trong : GS : S tha mn chung (GS);

F1 : Lnh o (SUP);

F3 : ng nghip (COW);

F4 : Thng hiu (TRADE);

F7 : Bn cht cng vic (WORK);

3.4.2. Phn tch hi quy nh hng ca tha mn cng vic n s gn kt vi t

chc

3.4.2.1. Phn tch hi quy cc yu t nh hng n s gn kt v tnh cm

Tng t, ta thc hin cc kim nh, d tm xem c gi thuyt no b vi phm trong

mu, kt qu cho thy cc gi nh ca hm hi quy tuyn tnh khng b vi phm. (Ph

lc 5 )

- 60 -

Bng 3-14 : Kt qu cc gi tr thng k v tc ng ca tha mn cng vic n

s gn kt v tnh cm ca nhn vin i vi t chc

Model Summary(b)

Mhnh

H s R

R2(R Square)


Sai s chun ca c lng Std. Error of the Estimate

1 .791(a) .626 .617 .53087a Bin ph thuc : Ban chat cong viec, Ap luc cong viec, Dong nghiep, Thuong hieu, Luong, Co hoi dao tao va thang tien, Lanh daob Bin c lp: Gn kt v tnh cm

Bng 3-15 : Kt qu phn tch hi quy tuyn tnh v tc ng ca tha mn cng

vic n s gn kt v tnh cm ca nhn vin i vi t chc

H s (Coefficients)

H s cha chun ho H s

chun ho Mhnh Bin

B Std. Error Betat Sig.

Hng s .573 .201 2.846 .005Lanh dao .165 .060 .163 2.735 .007Co hoi dao tao vathang tien .202 .053 .228 3.821 .000

Dong nghiep .177 .043 .182 4.100 .000Thuong hieu .170 .044 .172 3.883 .000Luong .051 .041 .062 1.254 .211Ap luc cong viec -.048 .028 -.062 -1.738 .083Ban chat cong viec .145 .045 .153 3.209 .001

a. Bin ph thuc: Gn kt v tnh cm (AC)


vic : lnh o, c hi o to v thng tin, ng nghip, thng hiu v bn cht

cng vic t yu cu v sig.0.05. H s R2 = 0.626 c ngha l bin s gn kt v tnh cm ca nhn

vin c gii thch 62.6% bi 5 bin lnh o, c hi o to v thng tin, ng

nghip, thng hiu v bn cht cng vic .

- 61 -

Kt qu cho thy rng, trong 7 yu t thnh phn cng vic tc ng n s gn kt v

tnh cm ca nhn vin th c 5 yu t c quan h tuyn tnh vi s gn kt do tnh

cm ca nhn vin, l : yu t lnh o, c hi o to v thng tin, ng nghip,

thng hiu v bn cht cng vic. Ta c th kt lun rng: gi thuyt H2a, H2b, H2d,

H2e, H2f c chp nhn. Cc gi thuyt H2c, H2h khng c chp nhn v

sig.>0.05, nh vy 2 yu t : lng v p lc cng vic khng tc ng g n s gn

kt v tnh cm ca nhn vin. M hnh c biu din li di dng phng trnh hi

quy tuyn tnh di s tc ng ca 5 yu t thnh phn cng vic n s gn kt v

tnh cm i vi t chc ca nhn vin (phng trnh 3- 2) :

AC = 0.573 + 0.165F1+ 0.202F2 + 0.177F3 + 0.170F4 + 0.145F7 (3.2)

Trong : AC: S gn kt v tnh cm

F1 : Lnh o (SUP);

F2 : C hi o to v thng tin (PRO);

F3 : ng nghip (COW);

F4 : Thng hiu (TRADE);

F7 : Bn cht cng vic (WORK);

3.4.2.2. Phn tch hi quy cc yu t nh hng n s gn kt duy tr


mu, kt qu cho thy cc gi nh ca hm hi quy tuyn tnh khng b vi phm (Ph

lc 5)

Bng 3-16 : Kt qu cc gi tr thng k v tc ng ca tha mn cng vic n

s gn kt duy tr ca nhn vin i vi t chc

Model Summary(b)

Mhnh

H s R

R2(R Square)



1 .550(a) .303 .287 .87580

- 62 -

a Bin ph thuc : Ban chat cong viec, Ap luc cong viec, Dong nghiep, Thuong hieu, Luong, Co hoi dao tao va thang tien, Lanh daob Bin c lp: Gn kt duy tr

Bng 3-17: Kt qu phn tch hi quy tuyn tnh v tc ng ca tha mn cng

vic n s gn kt duy tr ca nhn vin i vi t chc

H s (Coefficients)

H s cha chun ho H s

chun ho Mhnh Bin


Hng s 2.183 .332 6.572 .000Lanh dao .198 .100 .162 1.988 .048Co hoi dao tao vathang tien .172 .087 .160 1.967 .050

Dong nghiep .057 .071 .049 .804 .422Thuong hieu -.086 .072 -.072 -1.183 .238Luong .255 .068 .256 3.768 .000Ap luc cong viec -.211 .046 -.226 -4.613 .000Ban chat cong viec -.107 .075 -.093 -1.433 .153

a. Bin ph thuc: Gn kt duy tr (CC)


vic : lnh o, c hi o to v thng tin, lng, p lc cng vic t yu cu v

sig.0.05. H s R2 = 0.303 c ngha l bin s gn kt duy tr ca nhn

vin c gii thch 30.3% bi 4 bin lnh o, c hi o to v thng tin, lng,

p lc cng vic.

Kt qu cho thy rng, trong 7 yu t thnh phn cng vic tc ng n s gn kt

duy tr vi t chc ca nhn vin th c 4 yu t c quan h tuyn tnh vi s gn kt

do duy tr ca nhn vin, l : yu t lnh o, c hi o to v thng tin, lng

v p lc cng vic. Ta c th kt lun rng: gi thuyt H3b, H3c, H3d, H3h c

chp nhn. Cc gi thuyt H3a, H3e, H3f khng c chp nhn v sig.>0.05, nh vy

3 yu t : bn cht cng vic, ng nghip, thng hiu khng tc ng g n s gn

kt duy tr vi t chc ca nhn vin. M hnh c biu din li di dng

- 63 -

phng trnh hi quy tuyn tnh di s tc ng ca 4 yu t thnh phn cng vic

n s gn kt duy tr vi t chc ca nhn vin (phng trnh 3-3) :

CC = 2.183 + 0.198F1+ 0.172F2 + 0.255F5 - 0.211F6 (3.3)

Trong : CC: S gn kt duy tr

F1 : Lnh o (SUP);


F5 : Lng (PAY);

F6 : p lc cng vic (WLD);

3.4.2.3. Phn tch hi quy cc yu t nh hng n s gn kt v o c


mu, kt qu cho thy cc gi nh ca hm hi quy tuyn tnh khng b vi phm. (Ph

lc 5 )

Bng 3-18: Kt qu cc gi tr thng k v tc ng ca tha mn cng vic n s

gn kt v o c ca nhn vin i vi t chc

Mhnh

H s R

R2(R Square)



1 .721(a) .520 .510 .65371a Bin ph thuc : Ban chat cong viec, Ap luc cong viec, Dong nghiep, Thuong hieu, Luong, Co hoi dao tao va thang tien, Lanh daob Bin c lp: Gn kt v o c

- 64 -

Bng 3-19: Kt qu phn tch hi quy tuyn tnh v tc ng ca tha mn cng

vic n s gn kt v o c ca nhn vin i vi t chc

H s (Coefficients)

H s cha chun ho H s

chun ho Mhnh Bin


Hng s .674 .248 2.721 .007Lanh dao .187 .074 .169 2.508 .013Co hoi dao tao vathang tien .207 .065 .215 3.173 .002

Dong nghiep .065 .053 .061 1.213 .226Thuong hieu .090 .054 .083 1.662 .098Luong .206 .050 .230 4.085 .000Ap luc cong viec -.062 .034 -.074 -1.826 .069Ban chat cong viec .088 .056 .084 1.569 .118

a. Bin ph thuc: Gn kt v o c


vic : lnh o, c hi o to v thng tin, lng t yu cu v sig.0.05. H s R2 = 0.520 c ngha l bin s gn kt v o c ca nhn vin

i vi t chc c gii thch 52% bi 3 bin lnh o, c hi o to v thng tin,

lng (cn li l ca nhng bin khc).

Kt qu cho thy rng, trong 7 yu t thnh phn cng vic tc ng n s gn kt v

o c vi t chc ca nhn vin th c 3 yu t c quan h tuyn tnh vi s gn kt

v o c ca nhn vin, l : yu t lnh o, c hi o to v thng tin, lng.

Ta c th kt lun rng: gi thuyt H4b, H4c, H4d c chp nhn. Cc gi thuyt

H4a, H4e, H4f, H4h khng c chp nhn v sig.>0.05, nh vy 4 yu t : bn cht

cng vic, ng nghip, thng hiu, p lc cng vic khng tc ng g n s gn

kt v o c vi t chc ca nhn vin. M hnh c biu din li di dng

- 65 -

phng trnh hi quy tuyn tnh di s tc ng ca 3 yu t thnh phn cng vic

n S gn kt v o c ca nhn vin i vi t chc (phng trnh 3-4):

NC = 0.674 + 0.187F1+ 0.207F2 + 0.206F5 (3.4)

Trong : NC: S gn kt v o c

F1 : Lnh o (SUP);


F5 : Lng (PAY);

Bng 3-20 : Bng tng kt nh hng ca cc yu t thnh phn cng vic n s

tha mn chung v gn kt vi t chc (H s Beta chun ha):

Cc thnh phn cng vic Tha mn

chung (GS)H1

Gn kt v tnh cm

H2

Gn kt duy tr

H3

Gn kt v o c

H4a- Bn cht cng vic 0.186 0.153

b- Lnh o 0.324 0.163 0.162 0.169

c- Lng 0.256 0.230

d- C hi o to v thng tin 0.228 0.160 0.215

e- ng nghip 0.143 0.182

f- Thng hiu 0.242 0.172

h- p lc cng vic -0.226

- 66 -

3.4.3. Tho lun kt qu

3.4.3.1. V mc tha mn chung i vi cng vic

o lng mc tha mn cng vic theo cm nhn ca nhn vin cc n v vn ti

ng b ti TPHCM c thc hin trn 7 yu t thnh phn cng vic (Bn cht

cng vic, lnh o, lng, c hi o to & thng tin, ng nghip, thng hiu, p

lc cng vic). Qua qu trnh kim nh m hnh, cc gi thuyt v t bng tng kt

3-20 cho thy cc yu t bn cht cng vic, lnh o, ng nghip v thng hiu c

mi quan h tuyn tnh vi mc tha mn chung trong cng vic, trong yu t

lnh o tc ng mnh nht n tha mn chung. Kt qu nghin cu cho thy mc

tha mn chung ca nhn vin trong cc doanh nghip vn ti ng b ti Thnh

ph H Ch Minh c gi tr tr li trung bnh l 3.67, ln hn mc gia ca thang o

Likert 5 im nhng khng cao v cha t n gi tr ng = 4 trong bng cu hi

kho st.

Theo kt qu nghin cu ca Trn Kim Dung trong vic nh gi trnh qun tr

ngun nhn lc cc doanh nghip du lch trn a bn TPHCM th 2 yu t chnh nh

hng n s tha mn chung ca nhn vin l yu t mi trng v thu nhp; cn kt

qu nghin cu theo cm nhn ca nhn vin cc n v vn ti ng b ti TPHCM

th yu t lnh o tc ng mnh nht n s tha mn chung, k n l thng hiu,

bn cht cng vic, ng nghip. R rng yu t nh hng ln nht n s tha mn

chung ca nhn vin khng phi l tin lng nh mi ngi thng ngh m l yu

t lnh o, s quan tm t pha lnh o s l ng lc nhn vin pht trin nng

lc c nhn t nng cao hiu qu lm vic.

Nh vy, to s tha mn cao i vi nhn vin, trong chnh sch nhn s lnh o

n v cn t trng tm vo 4 yu t: lnh o, ng nghip, thng hiu, bn cht

cng vic.

3.4.3.2. V mc gn kt vi t chc

o lng mc gn kt vi t chc theo cm nhn ca nhn vin bao gm 3

thnh phn: gn kt v tnh cm, gn kt duy tr, gn kt v o c. Kt qu nghin

- 67 -

cu cho thy 3 thnh phn mc gn kt vi t chc ca nhn vin trong cc doanh

nghip ngnh vn ti ti Thnh ph H Ch Minh c gi tr tr li trung bnh nh sau :

mc gn kt v tnh cm l 3.907, mc gn kt duy tr l 3.316 v mc gn

kt v o c l 3.614. T kt qu gi tr trung bnh ca 3 thnh phn s gn kt vi t

chc cho thy, tt c u ln hn mc gia ca thang o Likert 5 im nhng khng

cao v cha t n gi tr ng = 4 trong bng cu hi kho st, ngoi tr mc

gn kt v tnh cm ca nhn vin (l 3.907) gn t gi tr ng = 4. iu ny c

ngha l nhn vin trong ngnh vn ti nh gi cao vic gn kt vi doanh nghip l v

tnh cm, sau l v o c v cui cng l duy tr.

S gn kt v tnh cm ca nhn vin chu tc ng mnh nht bi yu t c

hi o to & thng tin, k n l yu t ng nghip, thng hiu, lnh o v bn

cht cng vic (bng 3-20). C hi o to v thng tin c xem l yu t nh hng

ln to nn s gn kt v tnh cm nhiu nht i vi t chc, i vi ngi Vit Nam

thng tin c nhn thc nh c a v, s vinh d hn l thu nhp, thng tin c

xem nh mt c hi khng nh bn thn. Vic nng cao kin thc, o to k nng

lm vic, to iu kin thng tin ngh nghip s l cht keo kt dnh nhn vin vi t

chc v mt cm nhn trch nhim s len li trong suy ngh ca tng nhn vin khin

h kh c th ri khi t chc v l do no.

Nh vy, to s gn kt v tnh cm ca nhn vin i vi t chc, trong chin lc,

chnh sch nhn s lnh o cc n v cn t trng tm vo 5 yu t: c hi o to

& thng tin, ng nghip, thng hiu, lnh o, bn cht cng vic trong ch

nhiu nht vo yu t c hi o to v thng tin.

S gn kt duy tr chu tc ng mnh nht bi yu t tin lng, k n l

yu t lnh o, c hi o to & thng tin, v cui cng l yu t p lc cng vic

(bng 3-20). Tin lng c xem l yu t nh hng ln to nn s gn kt duy

tr. Vi nhu cu cuc sng ngy cng tng cao th yu t lng c xem l yu t

quyt nh nhn vin li vi t chc. Nn mng c bn nhn vin gn kt v

- 68 -

cng hin ht mnh cho t chc l h phi c c mt mc lng sng, tng

xng vi nhng g h b ra t gip h yn tm cng tc.

Nh vy, trong chin lc - chnh sch nhn s lnh o cc n v cn t trng tm

vo 4 yu t : tin lng, lnh o, c hi o to & thng tin, p lc cng vic nhm

to s gn kt duy tr ca nhn vin i vi t chc, trong ch nhiu nht vo

yu t tin lng.

S gn kt v o c chu tc ng mnh nht bi yu t tin lng, k n l

yu t c hi o to & thng tin v lnh o (bng 3-20). Nh vy, to s gn kt

v o c ca nhn vin i vi t chc, trong chin lc -chnh sch nhn s lnh

o cc n v cn ch n 3 yu t : tin lng, c hi o to & thng tin v cui

cng l lnh o.

Qua kt qu phn tch cho thy vic nng cao mc gn kt ca nhn vin vi t

chc cn t trng tm ln lt vo cc yu t : c hi o to & thng tin, lng,

lnh o, ng nghip, thng hiu, bn cht cng vic v p lc cng vic ( trong

yu t c hi o to v thng tin tc ng mnh n c 3 thnh phn gn kt v tnh

cm, gn kt duy tr, gn kt v o c). Cng ging nh kt qu ca cuc kho st

nhanh i vi cc gim c nhn s v CEO cc doanh nghip ln tm hiu suy

ngh ca h trong vn hoch nh v thc thi chin lc nhn s cho bi cnh mi

din ra ti hi tho do Vietnam Report phi hp vi Bo VietnamNet t chc u

thng 8/2010 c n 35% cc kin cho rng s dng cc bin php lin quan n c

hi thng tin ngh nghip v 24% cho rng s dng cc bin php lin quan n ghi

nhn v tn vinh ng gp ca nhn vin s l hiu qu hn gi chn h so vi cc

bin php lin quan n lng thng v i ng

(http://vnr500.vietnamnet.vn/content.aspx?id=1072).

Kt qu nghin cu ca ti v kt qu ca cuc kho st cc doanh nghip v chin

lc nhn s cho thy yu t c hi o to v thng tin c xem l yu t quan

trng hng u to nn s gn kt ca nhn vin i vi t chc.

- 69 -

3.5. Tm tt

Trong chng 3, nghin cu trnh by kt qu m t mu, thc hin vic

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