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dj pqdk gSA

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jktHkkkk ccedildksB


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5

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fojklr esa ccedilkIr gqbZ gS mlh ccedildkj ls xqnfkkk dh ijEijk Hkh gekjs

Hkkjr dh fooOkih lkaLmdashfrd fojklr dk d vVwV fgLlk gSA oSfnd

lafgrkvksa esa] vkpkksaZ kjk ccedilkhr uhframpxzaFkksa esa tgkiexcl

o tSls kCnksa esa ekrk dh oanuk dh xbZ gS

oSls gh egkdfo rqylhnkl th us

fy[kdj fir`nsoks Hko dh lkaLmdashfrd ijEijk dks vkqk

j[kk gSA Bhd blh ccedildkj ls

Hkkjrh laLmdashfr dh og lukruh

fojklr gS tks eulk] okpk] deZkk rhuksa ls vfHkflafpr gksdj nskdky]

ijaijk o ifjorZu lHkh dks lekfgr djrh gqbZ vfHkfPNUu Hkko ls

vkkqfud qx esa Hkh laikfnr gksrh gqbZ pyh vk jgh gS vkSj gh Hkkjrh

lHrk dk ewy vkSj vifjofrZr i gSA bfrgkl lkkh gS fd xqnfkkk

dh ijaijk ds fufgrkFkZ esa thou thdj fdrus gh fkksa us xqampfk

ijaijk dks dsoy vuqdjkh gh ugha cukk gS vfirq mls vkyksd ccedilnku

djrs gq vejRo dh Jskh esa ykdj [kM+k dj fnk gSA

Hkkjrh ccedilkS|ksfxdh laLFkku dkuiqj vkkqfud Hkkjrh fkkkampccedilkkyh dk

og vkJe gS ftldh wiexcl rks LFkkiuk vesfjdu i)fr ij gqbZ gS ijUrq

blds iqfir vkSj iYyfor gksus dk vkkkj Hkkjrh laLmdashfr vkSj ijEijk

gh jgh gS vkSj oLrqr gh dkjk gS fd gkiexcl ds fo|kFkhZ vkt iwjs foo esa

vius ifjJe oa Kku dh cnkSyr cM+sampcM+s Okikfjd ccedilfrBkuksa ds u

dsoy eqf[kk gaS cfYd vius vfHkuo vUoskk vkSj dkkZUou ccedilfrHkk ls

os Hkkjr dk ijpe Aringiexclpk fds gq gSaA

ldquovarl~rdquo if=dk ds ccedilFke vad ls gh gekjk g xaHkhj ccedilkl jgk gS fd

if=dk ds ds eke ls ge ikBdksa dk laLFkku

ds mu ccedilfrHkkkkyh iwoZ Nk=ksa ls rvkZQ djokiexcl ftUgksaus fkkksijkar

viuh xklt+h dekbZ dk dqN fgLlk ldquoxqnfkkkrdquo ds i esa laLFkku dks

vfiZr dj vius xqdqy dks ek= ltkk oa liexclokjk gh ugha gS cfYd

fkkkampccedilfkkk dks vfHkuo vkke nsrs gq kksk vkSj vUoskk ds fy

Bksl vkkkj Hkh ccedilnku fdk gS vkSj dguk u gksxk fd mu fo|kfFkZksa esa

Jh thr fcaaeligk th dk uke ccedileq[krk ls fyk tkrk gSA bl ckj ge vkidks

mUgha thr fcaaeligk th ls feyokrs gSa ftUgksaus bl laLFkku ls 1969 esa

jklkfud vfHkkaf=dh esa ch- Vsd- dh mikfk ccedilkIr dh FkhA

crkrs pysa fd Jh thr fcUaeligk us d txg vius thou ifjp esa fy[kk

gS fd g d okD

mudh ikfjokfjd i`BHkwfe rFkk Hkkjr dh ifjokfjd laLmdashfr dk slk

js[kkfp= ccedilLrqr dj nsrk gS ftls dsoy vuqHkwr gh fdk tk ldrk gS]

Ok[k ugha dh tk ldrh A Jh thr fcUaeligk d lkkkjk ee oxhZ

ifjokj ls rkYyqd j[krs Fks mUgravekj ccedilnsk ds cukjl kgj esa mudk

ifjokj jgrk Fkk vkSj ogha mudk tUe lu 1947 esa gqvkA Jh fcUaeligk dh

ccedilkjafHkd fkkk rRdkyhu ijEijkuqlkj d ccedilkbejh ikBkkyk esa gqbZ] tgkiexcl

ij og tehu ij VkVampiecirch fcNkdj cSBrs Fks vkSj ujdV dh ydM+h ds

cuk gqs dye ls fy[krs FksA dguk u gksxk fd

Jh fcUaeligk tUe ls ccedilfrHkkkkyh Fks vkSj reke vHkkoksa ds

ckotwn ilt+kbZ esa vius fo|ky esa geskk vOoy vkrs FksA pqukaps ccedilkjafHkd

ilt+kbZ iwjh djus ds ckn dsbquoyst dh ilt+kbZ ds fy mUgsa ljdkjh Nk=o`fUgravek

ccedilnku dh xbZA g nqksZx gh Fkk fd ftl okZ 1969 esa mUgksaus bl laLFkku

ls viuh ch-Vsd- dh ilt+kbZ iwjh dh mlh okZ muds firk th ljdkjh lsok

ls eqauml gks x vkSj ifjokj ls feyus okyh vkfFkZd lgkrk can gks xbZA

oLrqr mUgsa bl ckr dk Hkh glkl Fkk fd ek= Lukrd dh fMxzh ls

mudh vkSj muds ifjokj dh viskka iwkZ gksus okyh ugha gSa blfy

ldquoMy family was poor] but I never felt deprived-rdquo

^gksugkj fcjoku ds gksr

phdus ikr

xqnfkkk Jh thr fcaaeligk

7

varLk~


ijkLukrd Lrj dh fkkk gsrq os] mUgha ds kCnksa esa

kuh vesfjdk ccedilLFkku dj xs Acgqr iqjkuh dgkor gS fd

vkfFkZd vHkko o nqokfjkiexcl Ofauml dks tYnh ifjiDo vkSj ikj[kh cuk

nsrh gSaA tkfgj gS fd Jh thr fcaaeligk esa vius pkjksa rjQ dh ifjfLFkfrksa

dh lwe idM+ FkhA vkdkZd OfaumlRo] mfpr le ij mfpr fukZ

ysdj dkZ djus dh kerk mUgsa fojklr eas feyh FkhA gh dkjk Fkk fd

fonsk esa ijkLukrd fkkk ds nkSjku tc mUgsa yxk fd vflLVsaVfki esa

feyus okyh jkfk ceqfdy vu lkexzh vkSj tsc [kpZ ds fy gh

ikZIr gks ikrh gS rks viuk [kpZ pykus ds fy mUgksus d jsLVksjsaV esa

jlksbs ds i esa Hkh dke djus ls xqjst ugha fdkA dBksj ifjJe djrs

gq viuh eampVsd dh ilt+kbZ iwjh dj viuh ubZ uosyh vesfjdu iRuh

ds lkFk jkVordf lsok dh Hkkouk ls ccedilsfjr Jh fcaaeligk Lonsk okil vk x vkSj

Hkkjr esa mUgksus nks daifuksa esa dkZ fdk] d daiuh esa rks egkccedilcakd

Hkh jgsA ijarq vius gh nsk esa Oolkbksa ds ccedilfr ljdkjh mnklhurk]

fujkkktud okrkojk rFkk HkzV ukSdjkkgh us mUgsa iqu Hkkjr NksM+us

ij etcwj dj fnkA mUgha ds kCnksa esa

rnuqlkj os 1977 es iqu viuh iRuh vkSj NksVs cPps ds

lkFk flVy vesfjdk igqiexclp xA khkz gh ksojsbquou daiuh ds okrkojkh

vfHkkaf=dh oa vuqlakku fMohtu esa mudh fuqfauml gks xbZA geskk dh

rjg mUgsa khkz gh vkHkkl gks xk fd vuqlakku vkSj fodkl dk dkZ

mUgsa mruk fpdj ugha yxrk ftruk fd ccedilcakuA mUgkasus 1979 esa

ech dh fMxzh gkfly dh vkSj vius fuksaumlk ls dEiuh ds ccedilkstsDV

ccedilcaku lewg esa rcknys ds fy fuosnu fdkA gh og le Fkk tc mUgsa

dEiuh ds mPp inLFk vesfjdh vfkdkfjksa kjk uLy Hksn dk lkeuk

djuk iM+k Fkk ftlusa mudh vkRek dks gtdgtksj fnk Fkk QyLoi Jh

fcUaeligk th us laHkor vius thou dk lcls lkglh fukZ fyk Fkk vkSj

Loa ls opuc) gq fd d fnu os daiuh ccedilcaku dks s ccedilekfkr dj nsaxs

fd ge Hkkjrh xksjksa dh viskk viuh ccedilcaku ksXrk] fukZ ysus dh

kerk vkSj mUgravekjnkfRo dks fuoZgu djus esa fdlh Hkh ccedildkj ls de ugha

gSa mUgha ds kCnksa esa

xksk fd

ldquoThe land of

opportunityrdquo]

ldquo I found the business

environment in India extremely frustrating because of the

stifling bureaucracy the lack of career opportunities and the

intolerable corruption that permeated all levels of

businessrdquo

ldquoNirvana is the hindu word for the place

where we are free from lifersquos trials and turbulencesrdquo-

feLVj thr fcUaeligk vius kqu ds cM+s iDds Fks vkSj os vkt Hkh bl fopkj

ds ccedilcy leFkZd gSa fd fdlh Hkh lewg esa fofHkUu yksxksa dh mifLFkfr

Okikfjd leLkvksa ds funku dks ljy cukrh gS u fd ccedilfrBku dks

fdlh ccedildkj dk uqdlku igqiexclpkrh gSa d txg viuk fopkj Oauml djrs

gq mUgksaus dgk gS fd

vkSj oLrqr 1977 esa kksk

vfHkark ds i esa viuh ukSdjh dh kqvkr djus okys Jh fcUaeligk 1990

esa mlh daiuh esa wfuV eSustj ds i esa inLFk gq rFkk 1994 esa mUgkasus

LVordfSVsftd eSaustj ds in dks laHkkykA 1995 esa Jh fcUaeligk us ifpeh

dtkf[kLrku ds Vsafxt vsbquoy QhYM ls ysdj dkyk lkxj rd rsy oa

ccedilkmdashfrd xSl ikbiykbu ds vfHkdYi oa fofuekZk ifjkstuk dk lQy

usr`Ro fdkA 1997 esa daiuh ds psjeSu ds in ij jgrs gq mUgksaus

laqauml jkT vesfjdk esa rsy oa ccedilkmdashfrd xSl rFkk jklkfud i)kFkksaZ

dh vkiwfrZ ds dkksaZ dk usr`Ro fdkA 2002 esa Jh fcUaeligk us dsyVsDl

vkWLVordfsfyk fyfeVsM esa ccedilcak funskd oa eq[ dkZdkjh vfkdkjh dk

in laHkkykA bl ccedildkj viuh nwj ndashfV] iDds bjkns] mPpdksfV dh

m|ferk] vuqkklu oa dBksj ifjJe dh cnkSyr Jh fcUaeligk us vius

thou esa Ofaumlxr oa Okolkfd lQyrkvksa ds dbZ iknkuksa dks ikj

fdkA Jh fcUaeligk dks 1997 oa 2000 esa Oslashek jlku vfHkkaf=dh

foHkkx] okfkaxVu foofo|ky o Hkkjrh ccedilkS|ksfxdh laLFkku dkuiqj

kjk ccedilfrfBr iwoZNk= ds i esa lEekfur fdk xkA vkius

fn vki lekt dh eq[kkjk esa Loa dks d

lQy Ofauml ds i esa ns[kuk pkgrs gSa rks vkidks vius lkspus] legtus

vkSj lEidZ ds nkjs dks u dsoy foLr`r djuk iM+sxk cfYd lkekftd

OoLFkk esa vkidks le Hkh nsuk iM+sxk

Jh fcUaeligk lifjokj viuh iksrh dk tUefnu eukrs gq A

8

varLk~


lksflku vkWQ vkWy ikbi ykbu rFkk psjeSu vkWQ fctusl yhMjfki

dkmafly ds vk ds i esa Hkh viuh lsoka ccedilnku dh gSaA

oLrqr cgqeq[kh ccedilfrHkk oa vkdkZd OfaumlRo ds kuh Jh fcUaeligk us

ds fl)kUr dks vius thou esa c[kwch mrkjk gS vkSj vusd

ijksidkjh kstukvksa dks iksfkr fdk gSA vkius bl laLFkku dks Hkh vkfFkZd

i ls le`) cukus esa ljkguh ksxnku fdk gS ftlesa Jherh oa Jh

Kkuflag fcaaeligk bMkmesaV Qssyksfki psj ccedileq[k gSA [kkl ckr rks g gS fd

Jh fcaaeligk vkt Hkh laLFkku ls cgqr xgjkbZ ls tqM+ss gqs gSa vkSj fufer Ik ls

viuk vkfFkZd ksxnku dj jgs gSaA

Jh fcaaeligk th us ftl lS)kfUrd thou dks ftk gS mlh dks os ukStoku ihlt+h

dks crkSj lansk lefiZr djrs gSa

1 Maintain the highest level of ethics and integrity-

mPpdksfV ds vknkZ vkSj bZekunkjh dks viukvksA

2 Breakdown the stereotypes of being Indian-

flt+oknh Hkkjrh lksp dks lekIr djksA

3 Never stop learning in your life-

thou esa gj iy lh[kus dk ccedilkl djrs jgksA

4 Dream big and work hard to get there-

cM+ss lius ns[kks vkSj mls ccedilkIr djus ds fy dBksj ifjJe djksA

bl laLFkku ds iwoZ Nk=ksa us vusd psj vkSj Nk=o`fUgravekksa dks LFkkfir

dj laLFkku esa vkkqfud fkkkampccedilfkkk dks xfr ccedilnku dh gS vkSj

vuqlakku dkksaZ ds fy Bksl vkkkj eqgSk djokk gSA dguk u gksxk

fd bl vfHkku esa Jh thr fcaaeligk us d vknkZ ccedilLrqr fdk gSA

laLFkku dh s ccedilRkkk gS fd Hkfo es Hkh gekjs iwoZ Nk= blh rjg ls

laLFkku dh ccedilxfr esa ldkjkRed Hkwfedk fuHkkrs jgsaxs ftlls laLFkku esa

fkkkampccedilfkkk oa kkskampdkksaZ dks uk vkke feysxk vkSj lkFk gh

laLFkku dks jkVordfh vkSj varjkVordfh Q+yd ij ubZ igpku feysxh rFkk

Hkfo dk Hkkjr csgrj vkSj lqjfkr gksxkA

ldquofo|k

nnkfr foue~] foukr~ kfr ik=rke~A ik=Rokn kUekIuksfr] kukn keaZ rr

lq[ke~AArdquo

jktHkkkk ccedildksB

9

varLk~

c ccedilksQslj ekhUaelig vxzoky

ldquolq[ka ok fn ok nq[ka fccedila ok fn ok vfccedile~ AccedilkIrea ccedilkIreqiklhr acircnsukijkftrrdquo

acircnsukijkftr

ldquolkkkRdkjrdquo

ldquoin~eJhrdquo

lquhrk flagamplj vius ckjs eas vkSj viuh vfHkfpksa ds ckjs esa dqN

crka ftlls laLFkku vHkh rd vufHkK gSSA fgUnh lkfgR dks vkt vki

dgkiexcl ikrs gSa

mldk acircn

lq[k] nq[k] fccedil vkSj vfccedil ls fopfyr ugha gksrk A |fi g dfBu gS

fQj Hkh lR gS fd thou thuk rks d dyk gS Dksafd lq[kampnq[k]

lQyrkampvlQyrk vkfn eu ds fodYi gh rks gSaA ftldk eu ok eas

gksrk gS] ccedillUurk mldh vuqxkfeuh gks tkrh gS] og vius lkalkfjd

drZOampfuoZgu eas Hkh gj kk vkuafnr gksrk gqvk vfopfyr jgdj

vijkftr LoHkko ls lksYykl thou dh leLr xfrfofkksa dks Lohdkj

dj ysrk gSA if=dk ds LFkkh LrEHk ds varxZr bl ckj sls

gh OfaumlRo ds kuh laLFkku ds ccedilfrfBr ladkamplnL ccedilksQslj ekhaaelig

vxzoky th ls vkidks c djokrs gSaA csgn kkyhu jgus okys ccedilks-

vxzoky blh laLFkku ds eskkoh Nk= jgs gSa laccedilfr] laxkd foKku oa

vfHkkaf=dh foHkkx ds ladkamplnL gksus ds lkFkamplkFk vfkBkrk]

ladkampdkZ dk mUgravekjnkfRo Hkh laHkky jgs gSaA Msbquo- vxzoky us

fkkkampccedilfkkk rFkk kksk ds vusd ccedilfrekuksa dks xlt+k gS vkSj jkVordfh oa

varjkVordfh Lrj ij ut+hj LFkkfir djrs gq laLFkku dks [kfr fnykbZ gSA

blh okZ Hkkjr ljdkj us vkidh miyfCkksa ij vkidks ls

vyamdashr fdk gS ftlls iwjk laLFkku xkSjokfUor gqvk gSA

ccedilLrqr gS ccedilksQslj ekhaaelig vxzoky ds lkFk lkkkRdkj ds ccedileq[k vak

ccedilks-vxzokyamp esjk cpiu tUe ls ysdj 12oha Dykl rd bykgkckn

kgj esa chrk A firk Jh lqjsUaelig ccedillkn vxzoky] xfkr ds fkkd rFkk ekiexcl

fgekakq ckyk vxzoky fkkk kkL= dh fkfkdk FkhaA ifjokj ds vU

lnLksa esa iRuh jpuk vkSj nks csfVkiexcl bZkk vkSj vkkh gSaA cM+s HkkbZ

kphUaelig vxzoky vius ifjokj ds lkFk vesfjdk esa jgrs gSaA gh esjk

ikfjokfjd ifjp gSA vfHkfpkiexcl rks igys cgqr Fkha ysfdu vc lc

[kRe lh gks xbZ gSaA igys jkWd Ewftd lquus dk cgqr kkSd gqvk djrk

Fkk vkSj lqurk Hkh cgqr FkkA flusek ns[kus dk cgqr kkSd Fkk foksk i ls

fdruk fokky gksrk gS tks thou esa

vferkHk cPpu dh fQYesa eqgts cgqr ilan FkhaA ysfdu vc rks le Hkh

ugha feyrk vkSj eu Hkh ugha djrkA foKku dk fo|kFkhZ gksus ds dkjk

fgUnhamplkfgR ilt+us esa foksk fp iSnk ugha dj ikk ysfdu fgUnh esa

cPpksa dh tks if=dkiexcl tSls uUnu] pEid] pankekek vkfn vkrh Fkha] mUgsa

tj ilt+ fyk djrk FkkA

esjk ekuuk gS fd fgUnhamplkfgR es eqakh ccedilsepan] egknsoh oekZ] tkadj

ccedillkn ds ckn tks lkfgRdkj gq os viuh gh jpuk dks d fofkV

fopkjkkjk ds i eas LFkkfir djus ds pDdj esa dbZ [kseksa esa ckiexclVrs pys

x vkSj tulkkkjk ls nwj gksrs xsA esjs fopkj ls lkfgR dk fuekZk

fdlh fopkjkkjk k fl)kUr ls ugha gksrk cfYd ccedilkfkampek= ds lq[kampnq[k]

vuqHko] laksxampfoksx vkfn dk LokHkkfod fp=k gh lkfgR curk gS

ftls ilt+dj ikBd jpukdkj ls viuk rknkRE fcBk ysrk gS vkSj ogh

mdashfr dkyth cu tkrh gS eSa Hkh mls gh mPp lkfgR ekurk gwiexclA nqHkkZX

ls vkkqfud fgUnh lkfgR esa cgqr de sls jpukdkj gSa ftudh jpukvksa

esa eSa Loa dks rykk dj ikrk gwiexclA

lquhrk flagamp lj esjh legt esa vkids OfaumlRo dk tks lcls ccedileq[k ik

yksxksa dks vkdfkZr djrk gS og gS vkidk geskk kkar fn[kukA ccedilk g

ns[kk tkrk gS fd tks cgqr lkkuk djrs gSa] k ksx] ccedilkkkke vkfn djrs

gSa ogh vkt ds HkkxampnkSM+ okys thou esa kkar vkSj fLFkj fn[krs gSaA ge

tkurs gSa fd vkidks ilt+kuk Hkh jgrk gS] kksk djuk vkSj djokuk jgrk

gS] lkFk gh lkFk vfkBkrk] ladkampdkZ dk mUgravekjnkfRo Hkh laHkkys gq

gSa] ifjokj dh ftEesnkfjkiexcl viuh txg gSaA vkf[kj vki bu lHkh

xfrfofkksa esa lkeatL dSls fcBk ysrs gSa fd fdlh ccedildkj dk ruko

vkids psgjs ij ccedildV ugha gksrk

10

varLk~


ccedilks-vxzokyamp [giexcllrs gq] nsf[ks eSa u rks dksbZ lkkuk djrk gwiexcl vkSj u

gh ccedilkkkke djrk gwiexclA vkSj eSa fdlh foksk ccedildkj dh thou kSyh dk

vuqljk Hkh ugha djrk gwiexcl cfYd fcydqy mUeqauml thou thrk gwiexclA

vc bl ij dqN yksx ccedilfrdwy ccedilfrfOslashk ns ldrs gSa fd blls rks

uSjk dh Hkkouk iSnk gks ldrh gS] Dkasfd tc dksbZ pht egUgraveoiwkZ gh

ugha gS rks ge mlesa fnykstku ls Dksa fnypLih ysaxs ysfdu esjk fopkj

gS fd g xyr Ok[k gS lgh Ok[k g gS fd bl nqfuk esa dksbZ Hkh

loZK] loZOkIr vkSj loZkfaumleku ugha gSA oLrqr ccedilmdashfr ds vfrfjauml

dqN Hkh kkor ugha gSA blfy gesa s legtuk gksxk fd ge bl nqfuk

esa d fufpr vofk ds fy vk gSa vkSj vxj bl nqfuk dks

vkusokyh ihlt+h ds fy [kwclwjr cukuk gS] rks ge lHkh dk nkfRo curk

gS fd tks Hkh djsa] g legt dj djsa fd s vkus okyh ihlth+ ds fy gSA

vro viuh bPNk ls djsa vkSj bl iwjh ccedilfOslashk esa uSlfxZd vkuan dks

vuqHkwr djus dk ccedilkl djsa] ftlls dksbZ Hkh dkZ mckAring u gksdj

vkuannkh cu ldsA fn vki vius dkZ esa Fkksfpr vkuan dh vuqHkwfr

ugha djsaxs] rks vkidks Loa eglwl gksxk fd ccedilkl esa deh jg xbZ gS vkSj

blhfy mEehn ds vuqlkj urhtk ugha feykA Hkys gh vkSj yksx s legtsa

fd dkZ cgqr mEnk gS] ysfdu vkidks ml vkuan dh vuqHkwfr ugha gksxh

ftls ge ccedilkmdashfrd k uSlfxZd vkuan dgrs gaSA gh esjs thouampthus dk

QylQ+k gSA

ccedilks-vxzokyampnjvly esjk tks kksk lcls Tknk pfpZr gqvk gS oks prime

number ls lacfUkr gS ysfdu oks esjk lcls fccedil kksk ugha gS esjk tks

lcls fccedil kksk jgk gS mls complexity theory dgrs gSaA bles

gkiexcl

ftruk fgUnwampkeZ vkSj nkZu dh vokkjkk dks legtk gS] ml vkkkj ij

eSaus viuk d fl)kUr cuk j[kk gS vkSj oks g gS fd eSa tks Hkh dqN dj

jgk gwiexcl] og egUgraveoiwkZ ugha gS vkSj u gh og fpjampLFkkh gSA blfy esjk

dke vPNk gksxk k cqjk gksxk] eSa mldh fpark ugha djrkA gkiexcl tks djrk

gwiexcl kkSd ls djrk gwiexcl] viuh bPNk ls djrk gwiexcl vkSj vkuan ysampysdj djrk

gwiexclA

lquhrk flagamplj wiexcl rks vkids kkskampi=ksa dk cgqr ls lekpkjampi=ksa esa

mYys[k fdk xk gS vkSj yksx vius kksk ds nkSjku vkids kjk fd x

vUoskk dks lanHkZamplw= ds i es Hkh ccedilksx djrs gSaA eSa tkuuk pkgrh gwa

fd vkids kjk fd x kkskampfokksa esa vkidk lcls fccedil kksk dkSu lk

jgk gS] ftls vki vkt Hkh viuk loksZRmdashV kksk ekurs gSa

eSaus

leLkvksa [problems] dk oxhZdjk [classified] fdk

vkidks nks la[ka nh xbZ gSa mUgsa tksfM+ vkSj mudk ksxkad fudkfysA s

rks d lkkkjk lk ccedilu gSA vc blh rjg ls cM+s vkSj mygts gqs ccedilu

gks ldrs gSa tSls dkuiqj dh VordfSfQdampOoLFkk d xaHkhj leLk gS] mlls

dSls futkr ikk tk vkSj dSls lekkku fudkyk tk dgkiexclampdgkiexcl ij

VordfSfQd ykbZV yxkbZ tk vkSj os fdruhampfdruh nsj esa tysaampcqgtsa

vkfnampvkfn |fi s d cgqr eqfdy leLk gS ysfdu bldk Hkh

lekkku fudy ldrk gSA blh ccedildkj ls leLkvksa dh tfVyrk vkSj

xaHkhjrk dks ns[krs gqs d vuqOslashe cukk tkrk gSA vc bl vuqOslashe eas

tks vklku leLk gS mls NksMs+ nsa vkSj Aringij dh vksj pysa rks vki ikaxs

fd eqfdy leLkvksa esa d oxZ gksrk gS ftls np complete uke fnk

xk gSA vc eSa buds dqN mnkgjk nsuk pkgwiexclxk tSls vki yksxksa us

mapampcoloring lquk gksxk ftlesa nqfuk dk uDkk fnk gqvk gksrk gS

vkSj mls pkj jaxksa dk miksx djds bl rjg ls nkkZuk gksrk gS fd dksbZ

Hkh nks iMkslh nskksa dk jax d tSlk u gksA vc eSa vkidks crkrk pywiexcl fd

ikiexclp jaxksa ls rks s cM+h vklkuh ls gks tkrk gS] pkj jaxksa dk ccedilksx djds

Hkh s gks tkrk gS ysfdu FkksM+h eqfdy ls gksrk gSA g Hkh fl) gks pqdk gS

fd rhu jaxksa dk miksx djds dqN dks rks fdk tk ldrk gS ysfdu

lcdks ugha fdk tk ldrkA bl ccedildkj g leLk cgqr eqfdy gS vkSj

slh leLkiexcl np complete ds varxZr vkrh gaSA d vkSj dkQh ccedilfl)

mnkgjk gS travelling salesman problem eku yhfts fdlh nsk dk

jksMampeSi fnk gqvk gS mles cgqr lkjs kgj gSa tks vyxampvyx lM+d ls

tqM+s gq gSa vkSj vyxampvyx fLFkr gSa vkSj d salesman gS ftls dqN

cspuk gSSA vc mldks g dgk xk gS fd og dsoy 10000 fdyksehVj

dk jkLrk r djsxk vkSj lkjs kgjksa esa tkdj leku csapdj ogha vk

tkxk] tgkiexcl ls pyk gSA vc s LokHkkfod gS fd og g rykk djsxk fd

lcls NksVk jkLrk dkSu lk gS ftlls og lHkh txg igqiexclp Hkh tk vkSj

okil Hkh vk tkA vc cgqr ls jkLrksa esa ls d NksVk lk jkLrk

fudkyuk cgqr dfBu leLk gS s Hkh np complete ds varxZr vkrh

gSA blh ccedildkj ls rhljk mnkgjk gS lqMksdw [ksy dkA lqMksdw esa 9X9 dk

d fxzM gksrk gS vkSj og 3X3 ds lc fxzM esa ciexclVk gksrk gS mlesa vkidks

1 ls 9 rd dh la[ka Hkjuh gksrh gSaA vc ccedilu s gS dh 9X9 dk gh

fxzM Dksa ge 16X16 dk Hkh fxzM cuk ldrs gSa ftlesa 4X4 ds

lcampfxzM gksa vkSj 1 ls 16 rd dh la[ka mlesa Hkjh tkaA blh rjg

tkrk gS tSls

11

varLk~


25X25 dk Hkh fxzM gks ldrk gS ftlesa 5X5 ds vkSj lc fxzM gksa 2 2vkfnampvkfnA lqMksdw esa njvly la[k dk oxZ kuh n Xn dk fxzM gksrk

gS A bl rjg ge fdlh dks d iwjk fxzM ns ldrs gSa vkSj mlesa dqN

la[ka Hkjh gqbZ gksrh gSa vkSj ksk dks irk djds Hkjuk gksrk gS A

tSlsamptSls fxzM fd la[k cM+h gksrh tkrh gS] lqMksdw cgqr eqfdy gksrk

tkrk gS dHkhampdHkh rks 9x9 okyk fxzM Hkh cgqr dfBu gks tkrk gSA rks

vki dYiuk dj ldrs gSa fd 25x25 vFkok 36x36 okys fxzM fdrus

eqfdy gksaxs bl ccedildkj g leLk Hkh np complete ds gh varxZr

vkrh gSA oLrqr g d foksk fdLe dk oxhZmdashr ks= gksrk gS ftlesa bl

ccedildkj dh leLkvksa dk gy ltwaltk tkrk gSA vc blesa fokskrk Dk gS rks

eSa vkidks crk nwiexcl fd |fi s leLkiexcl cgqr xaHkhj vkSj dfBu gksrh gSa

ysfdu fn fdlh us bl ccedildkj dh fdlh leLk dk lekkku ns fnk rks

s tkiexclpuk cgqr vklku gksrk gS fd lekkku lgh gS vFkok xyr lp

dgwiexcl rks esjs kksk djus ds nkSjku gh eqgts blesa dkQh fp gks xbZ Fkh vkSj

yxHkx 10 okZ dh vuojr kksk ds mijkar] eSa iwjs np complete

leLkvksa ds fy rks ugha dg ldrk gwiexcl ysfdu mlds vanj d oxZ gS

ftlesa cgqr lh fpdj leLkiexcl vkrh gSa] eSaus fl) dj fnk fd s

leLkiexcl |fi fn[krh gSa vyxampvyx ysfdu fn lwerk ls ns[kk tk

rks s lc d gh fdLe dh leLkiexcl gksrh gSa ftuds cl Ik vyxampvyx

gksrs gSaA bls geus Isomorphism Conjucture dk uke fnk gSA

ccedilks-vxzokyamp nsf[ks dEIqVj lkbal ds nks Hkkx gSaA d rks oks tks lcdks

fn[krk gS ftls ge lsquolsbquoparaVosjrsquo okyk Hkkx dgrs gSa vkSj nwljk gksrk gS

lS)kfUrd [theoretical] HkkXkA tSls geus vHkh vkidks complexity

theory ds ckjs esa crkkA bldk lhkk ccedilHkko lsbquoparaVosj esa Hkh fn[krk gS

rks tks s dEIqVj lkbal dk theoretical ikVZ gS oks xfkr ls dkQh

utnhd dk lacak j[krk gS vkSj esjh fp geskk ls gh xfkr vkSj

dEIqVj lkbal ds mlh theoretical ikVZ ls jgh gS] blhfy gekjs

kkskampi=ksa es xfkrh lsquokCnksa dk cgqrkr esa ccedilksx fn[krk gS vkSj dksbZ

lquhrk flagamp lj vkids kksk i=ksa esa mathematics algorithm

computation vkSj algebra tSls xfkrh kCnksa dk ckjampckj ccedilksx

fn[kkbZ iM+rk gS tcfd vki Computer Science and Engineering ds

fo|kFkhZ jgs gSaA eSa pkgrh gwiexcl fd dEIqVj lkbal ds lanHkZ esa bu xfkrh

kCnksa ds ccedilksx ij ccedildkk MkysaA

foksk dkjk ugha gSA

ccedilks-vxzokyamp eSaus fdlh Ofauml foksk ds thou ls dksbZ ccedilsjkk yh gks slk

ugha gSA ysfdu cgqr lkjs sls egku yksx gSa ftUgksaus nsk vkSj nqfuk dks

cgqr dqN fnk gS] vkSj eSa sls cgqr ls yksxksa dk ccedilkald gwiexcl vkSj cgqr

vknj djrk gwiexclA ysfdu eSa legtrk gwiexcl fd esjs vanj kkn slh kerk ugha

gS fd eSa muds vknkksaZ dks thou esa mrkj ldwiexcl k muls ccedilsfjr gksdj dqN

foksk dkZ dj ldwiexclA bls eSa viuk nqHkkZX gh dgwiexclxk fd eSa fdlh ds

inampfpagraveksa ij ugha py ldk Dksafd dHkh Hkh eSaus vius dks bruk leFkZ

ugha ikkA njvly esjk thou dHkh lqfuksftr rks jgk ugha] dHkh dksbZ

dkZ lkkl vkSj lksiacutes fdk ugha cl le ds cgko ds lkFk cgrk

jgk tks lkeus vkk mls djrk jgk

vkSj vkt gkiexcl ij gwiexclA

ccedilks-vxzokyamp Ofaumlxr i ls eSa dgwiexcl rks rks eqgts dk igyk

laLdjk gh cgqr mPp Lrj dk yxkA eSa rks pkgwiexclxk fd mUgravekjksUgravekj ccedilkl

gksrs jguk pkfg ysfdu lcls vkod gS fd geus tks Lrj igys vad

esa gh gkfly dj fyk gS de ls de mls rks cjdjkj j[ksa gh vkSj lkFk

gh lkFk mlesa vkSj fu[kkj ykus dk ccedilkl djrs jgsa gh esjh vfHkykkk

gSA gkfnZd ccedillUurk gS fd if=dk dk pkSFkk vad ccedildkfkr gksus

tk jgk gS ifjokj dks gekjh cgqrampcgqr kqHkdkeuksaA

lquhrk flagamp lj vki fdls viuk vknkZ ekurs gSa

ldquotks fey xk mlh dks eqdiacutej legt

fykrdquo

lquhrk flagamp ldquovarl~rdquo if=dk dks vkSj le`) djus ds fy dqN lqgtko

nsuk pkgsaxsA

lquhrk flagamp vki fiNys dbZ okksaZ ls bl laLFkku ls tqM+s gq gSA vkius

ldquovarl~rdquo

ldquovarl~rdquo

ldquovarl~rdquo

ccedilksQslj ekhUaelig vxzoky viuh iRuh oa iqf=ksa ds lkFk

12

varLk~


Hkh eglwl fdk gksxk jkVordfh Lrj dh ijhkk ikl djds tks Nk= gkiexcl

ccedilosk ysrs gSa fn mudk ccedilfrHkk ds vkkkj ij oxhZdjk djsa rks ikaxs fd

rhu ccedildkj ds fo|kFkhZ gkiexcl ij ccedilosk ysrs gSa dqN rks foykk ccedilfrHkk ds

kuh gksrs gSaA os de ifjJe djds Hkh fk[kj ij jg ldrs gSaA dqN ee

Jskh ds gksrs gSa ysfdu os esgurh cgqr gksrs gSa ijarq dqN dsoy vkSlr ntsZ

ds Nk= gksrs gaS vkSj gkiexcl vkdj os esgur Hkh ugha djrsA ccedilu s gS fd

fo|kfFkZksa ds miqZauml Lrj dks ns[krs gqs Dk vki orZeku fkkkampi)fr

dks miqauml ekurs gSa fn ugha] rks rhljs ccedildkj ds fo|kfFkZksa dh

vkodrk dks ns[krs gq vkids Dk lqgtko gSa

ccedilks-vxzokyamp vki lgh dg jgh gSa fn lwe fopkj djsa rks fkkk dh

orZeku i)fr miqZauml oxhZdjk ij vkkkfjr ugha gS] tkfgj gS fd bl

ccedildkj ls lcdh tjrsa iwjh ugha gks ikrha gkykafd gekjs dbZ ccedilkkid

Hkjiwj ccedilkl djrs gSa fd lHkh rjg ds fo|kfFkZksa ds Kku esa xqkkRed

ifjdkj gksA ijarq g Hkh lR gS fd vkt ds nkSj esa slh fkkkampi)fr

dh egrh vkodrk gS tks ewyr coreampcourses ds ikBampHksn ds

vkkkj ij nks Jsfkksa damp lsquoLFkkhrsquo vkSj nwljsamp lsquofodflr ikBicircOslashersquo esa

caVh gks vkSj fo|kFkhZ dks viuh ccedilfrHkk ds vkkkj ij nksuksa esa ls fdlh d

dks pu djus dh NwV gks rFkk ftldk mYys[k mldh vadamprkfydk esa Hkh

fd tkus dk ccedilkokku gksA esjk fopkj gS fd g ccedilkkyh fHkUuampfHkUu Lrj

ds Nk=ksa fd vkodrk dks iwjh djus esa dkQh gn rd dkjxj lkfcr

gksxhA gkykafd bl OoLFkk dks ykxw djus ds fy gesa vHkh cgqr

ladkamplnLksa dh tjr gS oLrqr tc rd bl laLFkku esa 500 ds

yxHkx ladkamplnL ugha gks tkrs bl ccedilkkyh dks ykxw djuk eqfdy

gksxkA ge ccedilkljr gSa fd g y tYn ls tYn gkfly gksA ueLdkj oa kqHkdkeuksa---

ewY

vkb ge vius vkt dk cfynku dj nsa rkfd

gekjs cPpksa dk dy csgrj gks ldsA

MkW- - ih- ts- vCnqy dyke

13

varLk~

fe=rk

igys ccedildkj dh fe=rk

nwljs ccedildkj dh fe=rk

lPpk fe=k og gksrk gS tks ccedilfrnku es fcuk dksbZ viskk fd lefiZr

gksdj Ikj nsus esa lke gksrk gSA fe=rk leku fyax tSls iqkampiqk]

efgykampefgyk vFkok foijhr fyax ds iqkampefgyk ds e gks ldrh gSA

fe=rk dk lacak vkqampcaku dks ugha LohdkjrkA oLrqr fe=rk d o`)

Ofauml rFkk d NksVs ckyd ds chp Hkh gks ldrh gSA euq vius ikyrw

ikq tSls fcfYyksa] dqUgravekksa] kksM+ksa] dcwrjksa o rksrksa ls Hkh fe=rk LFkkfir dj

ysrk gSA firk vkSj iq=] ekrk vkSj iq=h] ifr vkSj iRuh] HkkbZ vkSj cgu

tSls ikfjokfjd lacakksa ds e Hkh fe=rk vuqHkwr dh tk ldrh gS |fi

ikfjokfjd fjrksa dks ckiexclks j[kus esa fe=rk ls Ikj dgha vfkd kfaumlkkyh

gksrk gSA fn xgjkbZ ls vuqHko djsa rks ikaxs fd fe=rk dh rqyuk eas

Ikj fdafpr fuEurj gksrk gSA fe=rk eas lEcUkksa] ijaijkxr inkuqOslashe

vkfn dh LohdkZrk ugha gksrh vkSj og mPpre Hkko ij gksrh gSA fe=rk

esa Lora=rk oa lekurk] nksukas gh varfuZfgr gSaA blesa pu vkSj LosPNk

nksukas lUufgr gSaA fe=rk dh vokkjkk dks legtus ds fy vUoskk dh

vkodrk gS Dksafd euq cgqkk vius lkFkamplacak ds vkkkj ij gh

tkuk tkrk gSA tkfgj gS fd Ofauml ds lkFkhamplacakh mlds OfaumlRoampfodkl

dks ccedilHkkfor djrs gSaA gekjs fe= geesa fo|eku xqkkoxqk dk ccedilfrfcEc

gksrs gSaA os gekjs fe= blfy gksrs gSa Dksafd muds fofHkUu

LoiksaLoHkkoksa eas ge gh thrs gSa vkSj mudk lesfdr i gh gekjs

Loi dh dkRedrk dk fukkZjk djrk gSA

lkekUr fe=rk rhu dkjkksa ls gksrh gS

xqkkoxqk ds vkkkj ij gksrh gS rks mldk

ccedilHkko peRmdashr dj nsus okyk gksrk gSA l[ Hkko bruk ccedilcy gksrk gS fd

nksuksa fe= d nwljs ds xqkampvoxqk ds vkdkZk ls vfHkHkwr jgrs gSaA

fuLokFkZ Hkko dk vkfkD gksrk gS] fe=rk ds LFkkh Hkko eas dsoy eS=h

Hkko gh gksrk gS] blesa tknqbZ vkdkZk gksrk gSA d fe= vius nwljs fe=

ds fgrampvufgr dks loksZifj j[krs gq vius ccedilkk rd nsus dks rSkj gks

tkrk gS] Hkys gh mldk fe= mruk cqf)eku] vkdkZd] miksxh vFkok

ccedillUurk nsus esa lke u gksA oLrqr fe=rk dk g i fudke gksrk gS

vkSj vkkfRed vuqHkwfr djkrk gSA

miksfxrkoknh ewYksa ij vkkkfjr gksrh gSA esjs

fy veqd Ofauml fdruk miksxh gS eSa mlls fdruk ykHk mBk ldrk

frac14 frac14

frac14xfrac12 vkuUnA

dfrac12 xqkrk [kfrac12 miknsrk

gwiexcl Dk eSa mldh dkj dk miksx dj ldrk gwiexcl Dk og eqgts ukSdjh

fnykus gsrq viuh ccedilfrBk oa ccedilHkko dk miksx dj ldrk gS Dk

vkodrk iM+us ij og eqgts iSlk mkkj ns ldrk gS vkfnampvkfnA bl

ccedildkj] d Ofauml Okogkfjd] isksoj rFkk jktuhfrd dkjkksa ls lacak

cukrk gS k cuk j[k ldrk gS A eqgts Lejk gS fd eqacbZ ls psUubZ dh

jsy k=k ds nkSjku eSaus nks yksxksa ls fe=rk dj yh FkhA k=k dk le

Orhr djus gsrq fup gh og lcls ukkc rjhdk FkkA iqu vkxs dh

k=k tkjh j[kus ds fy ge lHkh dks cl LVSM Hkh tkuk FkkA vr geus

vsbquoVksfjDkk dj fyk vkSj mldk fdjkk lkgtk dj fykA fdUrq ge

tSls gh vius xarO LFkku tkus ds fy cl ij plt+s] gekjs vanj x`guxj

ds vius fudV lacafkksa ls feyus dh mRdaBk clt+us yxh vkSj ge k=k

ds nkSjku feys lgksfxksa dks Hkwyus yxsA bl ccedildkj dh fe=rk dh gh

fokskrk gksrh gSA g rHkh rd pyrh gS tc rd gesa bldh tjr gSA

slh fe=rk viuh miknsrk [kRe gksus ds lkFk gh varrksxRok lekIr

gks tkrh gSA g dsoy rRkk o tjr ds le vPNh yxrh gSA

ewyr lacakksa ls ccedilkIr gksus okys vkuan ds

QyLoi iuirh gSA dYiuk dhfts fd d tksdj gS] mlds eap ij

ccedilosk djrs gh vki fpark eqauml gks tkrs gSaA vki cl foLe`r Hkko ls

ccedilrhkk djrs gSa fd dc mlds [ktkus ls d uk [ksy fudydj vkidks

lglk Bgkdk yxkus gsrq fook dj nsxk vkSj og vkidks fujkk Hkh ugha

djrkA dYiuk dhfts fd vkidh d fe= gSA og d vfr cqf)eku]

vkdkZd oa lqUnj OfaumlRo dh Lokfeuh gSA ek= bl Hkko ls fd og

vkidh fe= gS] vkidks xokZuqHkwfr gksrh gSA vkids fy bruk gh ikZIr

gS fd og vkids lkFk Vgyrh gS] ckr djrh gS vkSj pk ihrh gSA vki

rhljs ccedildkj dh fe=rk

lkfgR k=k ys[k

14

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k

vfkdkakr gekjh qokoLFkk] vifjiDo mez frac14|fi ml le ge g

lksprs Fks fd lewg esa ge gh lokZfkd ifjiDo Fksfrac12 dh voLFkk ds e

iuirh gSA rc efLrd vkpZtud ltax ls mUeqauml gksrk gS vkSj dku

fcuk iwokZxzg ds lqurs gSa] vUreZu ls Lor ccedilokfgr kCnksa dks okkh

ekqjrk ls Oauml djrh gSaA g tkuuk lq[knkd gS fd ewYkkkfjr nksLrh

ccedilk volj ikdj isksojjktuhfrdHkkSfrd cu tkrh gSA vDlj g

nksLrh vkpZtud i ls vRYi le esa gksrh gS vkSj vuUrdky rd

dke jgrh gS A vius VsyhiSfFkd vUr Kku ds vu esa fjpMZ cklsu

lp gh dgrs gSa fd

gkiexcl rd fe=rk vkSj fe= dh cgqr ckrsa gks xbZa------- vPNk Dk eSa

lglk dqN ludh lk ugha yxus yxk gwiexcl kkn esjs fccedil fok fjrksa

dks ifjHkkfkr djus ds lanHkZ esa rks eSa dgrk gwiexcl] gkiexcl ijUrq Dksa

YacutesMfjd uhRls eglwl djrs gSa fd lgh ccedildkj dh nksLrh rHkh gksrh gS tc

ge Hkhrj o ckgj ds k=q dks legt ysrs gSaA vr tc vjLrw us dgk]

rks ccedilfrfOslashk esa YacuteSMfjd uhRls us viuh

fofkV kSyh esa ccedilfrokn fdk Fkk]

vjLrw dk fufgrkFkZ Fkk fd fe= gh Nn~e i esa okLrfod k=q gksrs gaS rks

uhRls us bl vlaxr oaumlO ij ccedilfrfOslashk nh Fkh fd Nn~e i esa k=q gh

fe= gksrs gSaA njvly uhRls leiZk Hkko ls vius fe=ksa dks nsrs jgus dh]

ijUrq k=qvksa dks ekQ djus vFkok Hkwy tkus dh gekjh ccedilo`fUgravek dk

frjLdkj djrs gSaA ikBdksa dks gkiexcl blkbZ keZ ds fl)kUr

vki thou Hkj d lkFk jgrs gq Hkh vius lacafkksa

dks mruh xgjkbZ ls ugha legt ikrs tcfd lPps fe= dks d iy esa tku

tkrs gSaA

vjs

fe=ksa gkiexcl dgha dksbZ k=q ugha gSa]

vks k=qvksa] gkiexcl dgha dksbZ k=q ugha gSaA

vius iM+ksflksa

ekuksa lkrosa vkleku ij gksrs gSa fd og vkidks nSfgd] HkkokRed]

ekufld vkSj HkkSfrd vkuan ccedilnku djus esa fdruh leFkZ gS

vc ccedilu g gS fd rhuksa esa ls dkSu lh fe=rk vPNh gS slk yxrk gS

fd fe=rk dk igyk ccedildkj lcls vPNk gS fdUrq og vUksa dh Hkkiexclfr

miksxh vFkok vkuanccediln ugha gSA nwljs ccedildkj dh fe=rk vPNh gS fdUrq

nhkZdkfyd ekinM ij ogh [kjh ugha mrjrhA vafre ccedildkj dh fe=rk

Hkh vPNh gS ijUrq vius thou esa Hkyk dksbZ fdrus le rd dsoy

ekStampeLrh dj ldrk gS d fnu esa d Ofauml fdrus yrhQs lqu

ldrk gS vkSj Dk os mls fujarj mruh gh [kqkh ns ldrs gSa ftruh

mUgksaus mls ccedilkjaHk esa nh Fkh Dk og d fnu larqfV dh ifjlhek rd

ugha igqiexclp tkrk ftlds mijkar og ekufld vkSj HkkoukRed Fkdku

eglwl djus yxrk gSA tgkiexcl og dnkfpr Loa esa fleV tkuk ilan djus

yxs vFkok Dk og lalkj dh uknkuh ij giexcllus ds ctk var esa vkiexcllw

cgksA

lwe voyksdu ls irk pyrk gS fd fe=rk ds s lHkh ccedildkj iwkZrk d

nwljs ls tqnkamptqnk vfLrRo ugha j[krs oju~ os d nwljs dks vkPNkfnr

djrs gSaA miksfxrk ds vkkkj ij vkjaHk fdk xk lacak le ds lkFk

xqkksa ds vkkkj ij fudke fe=rk dk i xzgk dj ldrk gSA blh

ccedildkj xqkkoxqk ij voyafcr fe=rk Hkh miksfxrkoknh oa vkuannkh

gks ldrh gSA rhuksa ccedildkj dh fe=rk ds dkjdksa dk gksuk vius esa d

vknkZ fLFkfr dgh tk ldrh gSA

ysfdu fe=ksa vki legt ldrs gSa fd fjrs cukuk fdruk nqdj gS

xqkkkkfjr fjrs vfkdkakr cpiu o Ldwyh fkkk ds njEku iuirs gSa

vkSj dHkhampdHkkj dsbquoyst ds fnuksa esa tgkiexcl ge vutkus lq[kkuqHkwfr dh

fLFkfr esa vFkok [kyh nqfuk esa jgrs gSaA ijUrq tc dksbZ dBksj FkkFkZ ls

nksamppkj gksrk gS vkSj Loa dks lQy isksoj ds i esa lt+kyuk lh[krk gS]

rc ifjfLFkfr mls miksfxrk vkkkfjr fe=rk dh tjr dk glkl

djkrh gSA pkgs og lkFk esa flxjsV ihuk gks k fidfud ij tkuk vFkok

mlh daiuh ds ksjksa esa lkFkamplkFk fuosk dk fukZ djukA |fi eSaus

iwoZ esa dgk gS fd miknsrkoknh fe=rk vius vki esa Fkkle xqkrk ds

fodkl esa lke gksrh gS] ijUrq ku jgs fd g Lor LQwrZ ugha gksrk

cfYd blesa miknsrk dk vak feyk gksrk gSA xqkkoxqk ij vkkkfjr

nksLrh bl vFkZ esa vn~Hkqr gksrh gS fd g czatildekM ds var rd kkor

jgrh gS rFkkfi g Lohdkj djuk gh gksxk fd xqkksa ij vkkkfjr nksLrh

15

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k

ls Ikj djks vkids d xky ij dksbZ FkIiM+ ekjs rks mlds lkeus

nwljk xky Hkh dj nks]

bZoj vfLrRoghu gS

gs k=qvksa vkidk Lokxr

gS vkSj gs fe=ksa vki lq[kiwoZd fe=rk esa LFkkfir jgsaA

vFkok

ds eiacutesutj fnXHkzfer gksus dh vkodrk ugha gS

Dksafd uhRls ds fy frac14|fi g d fpdj fdUrq

vccedilklafxd fcUnq gS] vr eSa d fujFkZd cgl esa ugha iM+uk pkgrkAfrac12

dqy feykdj uhRls tks Oauml djuk pkgrs gSa oks g gS fd tc dksbZ vius

fe= dks nsus ds ccedilfr bruk mnkUgravek gks rks mls g Hkh lh[kuk pkfg fd k=q

ls dSls fuiVk tkA fn slk ugha gksrk rks fe=rk fdlh Hkkiexclfr Hkh viuk

egUgraveo fl) ugha dj ikrhA

fudkZ g gS fd] thou esa k=qrk dh igpku] fe=rk ds lacakksa dk d

slk Okid vkSj ifjiwkZ ndashfVdksk ccedilnku djrh gS tks fe=or~ ccedilse esa

xqkkRed rhozrk ds lkFk vfkdkfkd fofue ccedilxV dj ldsA ysfdu

fe=rk ds bl igyw dks vaksjs esa NksM+ nsuk khkz gh bl lacak dks dkaxh

cuk nsxk vkSj blds Hkkxhnkjksa dks fujUrjrkvfujUrjrk ds

vleatliwkZ Hk ls xzLr dj nsxkA vr tc ge vius efLrd vkSj

ordmn dh khry] pViVh oa AringoZ dksfkdkvksa esa vius fe=ksa dh ekqj

Le`frksa dks lajfkr j[krs gSa rks gesa vius k=qvksa ds lEeku esa viuh

vkRek ds lkjs can njoktksa dks Hkh [kksy nsuk pkfg vkSj blds vkxs gesa

lkFkamplkFk g ccedilfrKk Hkh ysuh pkfg fd amp

MkW- Vh- jfopUaeliguekufodh oa lkekftd foKku foHkkx

vuqokn jktHkkkk ccedildksB

esjh vksj Hkh ns[kksDk vki eqgts tkurs gSa vxj ugha rks kkn dqN iyksa esa vki eqgts

tkuus vkSj igpkuus yxsaxs

eSa d NksVk cPpk gwiexclA vU fkkqvksa dh Hkkiexclfr esjk tUe Hkh viuh ekiexcl

ds xHkZ ls gqvk ijUrq vU dh Hkkiexclfr esjs HkkX esa f[kykSuksa dk lq[k

ugha Fkk oju~ ml HkkX fuekZrk us eqgts fuekZkkkhu bekjrksa esa ckyw]

ekSjax vkSj fxecirch ds chp NksM+ fnk vkSj Loa og esjs kSko ds iwkZ

gksus dh ccedilrhkk djus yxk] kkn mlus esjs fy dqN vkSj gh lksp

j[kk FkkA

kSkokoLFkk iwkZ gksus ij mlus eqgts twBs crZuksa esa cSBk fnkA pk ds

twBs fxykl vkSj pVuh ls luh gqbZ rrfjksa ds vykok esjs thou esa

dqN ugha cpk gSA ftu gkFkksa esa dye dh uhyh Lkgh yxh gksuh

pkfg muesa rks cl vc jk[k dh dkfyek gh ksk jg xh gSA brus

ij Hkh ml fuBqj dks nk ugha vkbZ vkSj mlus eqgts fQj ls mUgha

fuekZkkkhu bekjrksa esa Hkst fnk tgkiexcl esjk cpiu chrk FkkA vkt Hkh

eSa mu fnuksa dks kn dj dqN jkgr dh lkal ysrk gwiexcl Dksafd de ls

de ml le bu dUkksa ij bZaV vkSj iRFkj dk Hkkjh cksgt rks ugha

FkkA viuh vkq ds vU ckydksa dks ns[kdj esjk Hkh eu djrk gS fd

esjs dUkksa ij cLrk yVds] kkn ftldk otu bu bZV iRFkjksa ls de

gksrk gSA

vc rks vki eqgts igpku gh x gksaxs fd eSa ogha gwiexcl tks cl LVkWi ij

pk dh nqdkuksa ls ysdj vkidh dSaVhuksa esa fujarj lsok esa yxk jgrk

gSA kkn eqgts vkSj dgus dh vkodrk ugha gS vkSj oks Hkh ml

lekt ds lkeus tks dnkfpr bl nsk ds lH vkSj fkfkr lektksa esa

ls d gSA

ke iatokuh] HkwriwoZ Nk=

16

varLk~

lkfgR k=k dforkiexcl

xt+ydgkiexcl ls ltwiexcllt+ ds ykAringiexcl bUlku dks

Hkwy lk xk gwiexcl igpku dks

Dksa jgs ge [kkSQ--xSj ls

ngkr esa NksM+ vkk gwiexcl mUoku dks

[okc jkst cnyrs gkas tgkiexcl

dSls igqiexclps vkjtw eqdke dks

fkuk[r QtZ djks fd gks Hkh vxj

eqykdkr dh QqlZr gh dgkiexcl balku dks

tT+ck dke jgrk gS fdrkcr rd

t+eha is gks ds ijokt vkleku dks

s dSlh bcknr fd lkeus cqr gS Qfjrs dh

vkSj tsgu esa j[krs gks kSrku dks

kqcgk rks gksuk ykt+eh Fkk mUgsa

rqeus lp tks lqukk Fkk nkLrku dks

tjr gS dqN dj xqtjus dh vHkh

fey tk feecirch ls Hkwydjds viuh kku dks

pUaeligks[kj xksLokeh

kaf=d vfHkkaf=dh

gkj dj Hkh thr

tks thou esa tc Hkh gkjrs gSa]

vkSj fuMj gks bls Lohdkjrs gSa]

ogh thou dks laokjrs gSaA

tks thou esa thrrs gSa]

thr ls ugha dqN lh[krs gSa]

thou dks os th ugha ikrs gSaA

fn rqe Hkh dHkh gkjrs gks

rks fuMj gksdj Lohdkj djks]

dke rks gS s eqfdy]

ij eqfdy dkeksa ds fy gh rks

Hkxoku mUgha dks pqurs gSa]

Hkjkslk Hkh mUgha is djrs gSa]

tks dj ldrs gSa eqfdy dke]

gkj dj Hkh thou dks lq[k ls thukA

Hkxoku Loi kekZ

lhfuj Vsduhfku

17

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k

gdhdr

eSa oks ugha ftls rqe kwj jgs gks

tks fpid xk vHkhampvHkh]

oks esjk vlyh psgjk gS

ogh gdhdr gS esjh

d dksus esa cSBs gq mls dbZ ckj ns[kk FkkA ogkiexcl d ckj fdlh flyflys esa tkuk gqvk Fkk]

rHkh igyh ckj ml ij utj iM+h FkhA fQj lky esa dkk ckj mlls feyus tkrk tj Fkk

exj dne mldh dksBjh ds njokts ls vkxs ugha clt+ ikrs FksA dHkh oks FkksM+k xaHkhj nh[krk Fkk

rks dHkh dHkkj dqN xexhuA eSaus ns[kk Fkk fd chpampchp esa og Vgy fyk djrk Fkk] kkn

tc [kykr de iM+ tkrs gksaxs rcA gkiexcl] d ckr tj r Fkh vkSj oks s fd oks tc Hkh

fn[krk Fkk rks dksus okys mlh gtjks[ks ds utnhd fn[krk FkkA ogkiexcl kkn blfy cSBrk gksxk

fd gok ds gYds gtksads jkskunku ls gksrs gq nwj dgha ls fdlh dk nnZ Nqiks ykrs gksa k fQj

blfy fd jkskunku dh lyk[kksa is yVdk gqvk oks phFkM+k ckSjkbZ gokvksa esa sls NViVkrk

Fkk] ekuks uUgs dcwrj us vius ia[k QM+QM+ks gksa A bUgha lc vkoktksa dks oks ilhtdj mM+sy

fnk djrk gksxk vYQktksa ds lkaps esa vkSj cuk fnk djrk gksxk d uh uTeA

vc vki iwNsaxs fd vkf[kj oks Fkk dkSu rks oks d kkj Fkk] vius dejs esa [kqn ls dSn d

kkjA cktkj esa tc tkrk rks yksx mls csodwQ legtrsA [kjhn Qjks[r ds vke rjhds Hkh rks

ugha vkrs Fks mlsA uTeksa esa ek=kvksa dh uki rksy djus esa bruk ekxwy jg xk fd nqfuk

dh jLesa lh[kuk gh Hkwy xk Fkk kknA vkf[kj oks d kkj Fkk] dejs esa dSn d kkjA

ml jkst eSa mlds dejs dh rjQ ls bl edln ls xqtjk] tku cwgtdj] fd vkt mlls

c gksdj gh jgwiexclxk] iwNwiexclxk fd vkf[kj ml dkyh viexclksjh dksBjh esa kqVu ugha gksrh gksxh

mls tathjksa ls tdM+k gqvk ugha eglwl djrk gksxk okss ejhtksa dh rjg f[kM+dh ds ckgj

cspkjxh esa vkf[kj Dk gtkiexcldus dh dksfkk djrk jgrk gS oks

cM+s tksk ds lkFk dejs esa kqlk rks ikk fd oks tehu ij ysVk gqvk Fkk] oks Hkh vkSaks eqiexclgA

mldh uTesa iqjkus] ihys dkxtksa ij lokj gksdj ukp jgh Fkha dejs esa bkjampmkjA vkSj

djhc xk rks ns[kk fd dksbZ gjdr ugha Fkh] kM+dus can Fkha] lkiexclls py ugha jgh Fkha vkSj eqiexclg

lw[k xk FkkA lkjk cnu vdM+ xk Fkk] isV bruk vUnj Fkk fd ekuks gpararksa ls vukt gh u

igqiexclpk gks ogkiexcl rdA QM+QM+krs gq Qk[+rs dh rjg mM+rk gqvk iUuk vkk vkSj mlds psgjs ls

fpid xkA eqgts eglwl gqvk fd oks

pwiexclfd eSa cstku kjhj ls loky tokc ugha dj ldrk Fkk blfy c gksus dk esjk tksk

mlh BaMh ykk ds tSlk BaMk gks xkA tc mls dcz esa nQu djus dh ckjh vkbZ rks eSaus lkFk

can dejs okyk kkj eqgtls dg jgk gks

18

varLk~


esa mldh dksBjh ls cVksjs gq iUus] ogkiexcl ls tCr pan rLohjsa vkSj mldh nokr

nQu djok nhA dye rks mlds gkFk esa gh Fkh] ejus ds ckn Hkh oks NwVh dgkiexcl Fkh

Dk deky dk kkj jgk gksxk oks mldh vafre k=k esa Hkh nks k rhu yksx gh

kkfey gqs Fks vkSj var esa rks flQZ vdsyk eSaA

[kksnus okys us vkdj eqgtls esgurkuk ekiexclxk Dksafd mldk dksbZ fjrsnkj ogkiexcl

ekStwn ugha FkkA nks lkS is ekiexclxs Fks mlus] nsus ds fy eSaus tsc VVksyhA tsc [kkyh

FkhA lqcg ds oauml kkn tYnhamptYnh esa cVqvk j[kuk gh Hkwy xk FkkA utjsa

mBkha dqN nsj esa rks mls nch tqcku esa xkfykiexcl nsrs gq tkrs ikkA gkykafd mlds

tkrsamptkrs eSaus s oknk rks mlls dj gh fnk fd kj ls vkrs oauml mlds iSls ns

nwiexclxkA esjh bl ckr dks oks fdlh flklh okns ds tSlk ekurk gqvk fudy xk]

fcuk esjh vkSj dksbZ ku fnA

kj ykSVrs oauml eSa vklampikl iljh gqbZ vupkgh [kkekskh esa vius mUgha lokyksa ds

tokc VVksyus dh dksfkk dj jgk Fkk ij oks ugha feys cfYd vkSj mygtrs pys

xA vkf[kj oks [kqn esa dSn jgdj Dk ltwiexcllt+k djrk Fkk ml jksku nku ls gtkad

dj

kkn gh mlds eu esa Hkh loky jgs gksa k fQj gks ldrk gS oks esjs fy gh bu

lokyksa ds tokc ltwiexcllt+rk jgk gksA

lglk lkeus ns[kk rks esjk Ikjkamplk kj fdlh fcjgh ccedilslh dh rjg esjk bartkj

dj jgk FkkA

twBk iUgravekkjkemdashk vkSj jek

jksx dh kruk nksuksa us lgh Fkhexj vius vafre fnuksa esa egfkZ us d ckr dgh Fkh

thou Hkkst gS]kjhj dsys dk iUgravekk gSbl iUgraveks ij vkneh

Hkkstu rks cM+s ccedilse ls djrk gSysfdu [kkuk [kRe gksrs gh

og mls Qsad nsrk gStwBk iUgravekk Hkh dHkh dksbZlaHkkydj kjrk gS

fukkar flag] Nk=

jkVordfdfo jkekkjh flag lsquofnudjrsquo

vius flDds

MkW- lehj [kkaMsdj

kaf=d vfHkkaf=dh foHkkx

nsk fonsk esa QSys viuksa dks lefiZr

vius gSa rks lius gaS] jkx jax] rjkus gSa

vius gSa rks Dysk gS] nq[k] lq[k sk gS

vius gSa rks dkeuka gSa] aeligksg] ccedilse] Hkkouka gaS

vius gSa rks Hkfauml gS] Xykfu] AringtkZ] kfauml gS

vius gSa rks miacutes gaS] vFkZ] vuFkZ] vkk gS

vius gSa rks vfLrRo gS] fok] ve`r] rRo gS

vius gSa rks caku gS] Rkx] eksg] Lianu gSa

vius gSa rks ccedilhfr gS] ccedilehfr] mdashfr] jhfr gS

vius ugha rks Dk thou gS

vius ugha rks Dk ejk gS

19

varLk~


mykgukvkt

dqN kCnksa us eqgts jksdk]

ljsvke] jkLrs esa Vksadk]

gtdgtksjk] psrkk] tksj ls fgykk]

tM+ psruk esa Fkk---] eqgts txkkA

fQj iwNk

Dk vaks gks

k flklh cans gks

Dksa lqurs ugha phRdkj

gj xyh] gj lM+d]

aeligksinh gks jgh keZkkj----

Dk xwiexclxs gks

k HkzVkpkj esa Mwcs gks

Dksa ugha fpYykrs HkkbZ

ilhuk rsjk] esgur rsjh

pksjampjktk fey [kksa eykbZ-----

u viexclks] u cgjs] u xwiexclxs gks]

fQj fdl nklrk esa tdM+s gks

pquamppqu dj mBk yks kCnksa dks]

lkgl] lR] tksk cuk yks gedks]

pqu yks oks kCn ftueas gS kkj]

cukvks gesa viuh ryokj]

ys yks fgEer dks] Qwiexcldks yydkj]

rqe tM+rk rks NksM+ks] ge djsaxs okj----

MkW- Hkkjr yksgkuh

flfoy vfHkkaf=dh foHkkx

20

vkkhk HkVstk] Nk=


varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k

eSa] vkidk euHkkouvkt eSa cM+h nsj rd lksuk pkgrk Fkk ysfdu lkfFkksa dh rst ihwampihw dh vkokt ls uhan

VwV xbZA cM+h vylkbZ lh lqcg gSA eSaus vaxM+kbZ yh vkSj mM+dj ykWu esa vk xk] ogkiexcl dk

fujhkk fdk vHkh Hkh dghaampdghaa gksyh ds jax iM+s gSa] ekyh us dqN Dkfjkiexcl [kkyh NksM+

j[kh gSa] dghaampdgha dksfpk yxk gqvk gSA eqgts dksfpk dk Lokn ilan ugha gS fQj Hkh eSaus

dqN ikSks dqrj Mkys] vHkh dqN fnuksa igys fdrus vPNs Qwy Fks Mgfyk] parayksDl]

lkyfok vkfn ds NksVs NksVs ikSkksa dk Lokn vHkh Hkh eqiexclg esa gSa] oSls rks vkids vkiexclxu esa eqgts

[kkus ihus dh dksbZ deh ugha gS vkSj lkeus okyh vuhrk vkaVh rks tc Ikj ls eqgts

eksuwampeksuw cqykrh gSa rks eSa nkSM+k pyk tkrk gwiexcl vkSj muds fn lqLoknq Hkkstu dk vkuan

mBkrk gwiexcl ij s Qwy ikSks eqgts vfkd ilan gSa vkidks irk gh gS fd vkids kjk yxks

rkj] dkaVs vkSj tky eqgts jksd ugha ikrs vkSj eSa vkius euilan ikSkksa dk vkuan mBk gh

ysrk gwiexclA

eSa mM+dj xSjkt dh Nr ij tk cSBk] lqcg gks pyh gS] kweus tkrs yksx] isij okyk] nwk

okys] Ldwy tkrs cPps] lcdh fnupkZ kq gks xh gSA eSa eLrh esa Vgyrk gqvk xsLV gkml

dh rjQ py iM+kA jkLrs esa d txg f[kys fyyh ds ikSkksa us eu eksg fyk vkSj xsLV

gkml ds lqUnj ykWu esa rks esjs iSj gh fFkjdus yxs] eSaus ns[kk dqN yksx eqgts gljr ls ns[k

jgs gSa vkSj QksVks Hkh [khap jgs gSa] mRlkfgr gksdj [kwc ukpk] vki dSEil okys yksx Hkys gh

eqgtls dqN mnklhu jgrs gksa ij ckgj ls vkus okys yksx eqgtls cgqr ccedilHkkfor gksrs gSaA

ogha esjk d fe= jkks fey xkA mlds lkFk eSa vkxs u cus Nk=koklksa dh rjQ clt+

pyk] bkj dh pgyampigy] ldquobV~l ekbZ ykbQrdquo ds fl)kar ij thrsampgalrs f[kyf[kykrs

psgjs eqgts cgqr vPNs yxrs gSaA lkeus dqN yM+dsampyM+fdkiexcl rsth ls lkbZfdy ij tk jgs gSaA

vjs buds psgjs brus cqgts ls Dksa yx jgs gSa kkn dkk ds fy nsj gks jgh gksxh] nsj ls

mBs gksaxs] ukrk Hkh ugha fdk gksxk] Aringij ls fkkdksa dks buls vusd fkdkrsa jgrh gksaxhA

vc budh rukruh rks pyrh jgsxh] eqgts Dk ihNs ls dqN ckrksa dh vkokt vkbZ] kkn

dksbZ fpafrr eEeh vius cPps ls esl ds [kkus ds ckjs esa iwN jgh gSaA igys rks eSa vdsys

pyrs yksxksa dks ckr djrs ns[k pkSad tkrk Fkk] ij vc legt xk gwiexclA lksprk gwiexcl] esjs ikl

Hkh slk NksVk lk Qksu gksrk rks eSa Hkh rkjk] ehjk ls ckr dj ikrkA s nksuksa esjh iqjkuh

lgsfykiexcl gSa ij vktdj mkj gokbZ iecirch dh rjQ jgus yxh gSa] irk ugha mUgsa mkj dh

gfjkyh ilan gS k mNyrh dwnrh uhy xksa] lksprk gwiexcl muls vkt fey gh vkAringiexclA

fQj eSaus vkSj jkks us fnu esa mkj gh eVjxrh dh] [kkkampfik] gsYFk lsaVj ds lkeus cus

kjksa] lchvkj esa Hkh VgysA rHkh jkks us eafnj esa tkus dh bPNk Oauml dhA ge Vkbiamp2

eafnj dh rjQ mM+ pys] jkLrs esa ds rks lkeus ls vkrs qod dks ns[kdj fBBd xsA

vjs s rks vkyksd gS] fdruk cM+k gks xkA dqN fnuksa igys gh rks fdruh eLrh ls

lkbfdy pykrk gqvk Ldwy vkrkamptkrk fn[krk FkkA vjs irk gS s cPps eqgts ugha igpkurs

ij eSa lcdks tkurk gwiexclA [kqkh gksrh gS budks cM+s gksrs vkSj vPNs ls lsVy gksrs ns[kdj]

ij lkFk esa eqgts Hkh viuh vkq dk cksk gks tkrk gSA eafnj dk okrkojk rks lnk dh Hkkafr

vkuannkd Fkk gh] ij eqgts ogkiexcl vklampikl ds kjksa esa djhus ls yxs QwyampikSks lfCtkiexcl

vkfn Hkh cgqr vPNh yxrh gSaA ogkiexcl ls ge lsquoikdZ 67rsquo

igqiexclpsA kke gks pyh gS dqN yksx Vgy jgs gSa] cPps [ksy

jgs gSaA geus dqN nsj foJke fdk fQj lkeus HkhM+ Hkjh

lM+d ikj dj nwljh rjQ vk xsA

kkWfiax dkWEiysDl ls vkxs clt+s rks ns[kk d kj esa [kwc

ltkoV gks jgh gS] dqlhZ estsa yx jgh gSa] rks vkt ikVhZ

gSA Dk kkunkj gks xh gSa vktdy s ikfVZkiexcl vkSj

gkWyampMs] varjkfXu gks k dksbZ vkSj lekjksg] Dk

tksjnkj jkskuh vkSj laxhr gksrk gSA eSa rks ikl ds isM+ dh

fdlh Vguh ij cSB tkrk gwiexcl vkSj ltwiexcllt+rk jgrk gwiexcl bu

cPpksa ds chp iuirh gqbZ vkRehrk dks esjs s cPps

cgqr [kqk jgrs gSaA vc rks os viuk ikjaifjd eksjampu`R

Hkwydj fMLdks dh kqu ij fFkjdrs gSa] ij Dk d]iexcl euk

diexclxk rks Hkh rks ugha ekusaxsA blh dks rks yksx

ldquoGeneration Gaprdquo dgrs gSa uA vkt dqN vfkd gh

lksp jgk gwiexclA

vc Dk gS fd vki cqf)thfoksa ds lkFk jgdj eSa Hkh

rks nkkZfud gks xk gwiexclA

varr ge rkjk vkSj ehjk ds BkSj ij igqiexclp gh xsA os

cgqr [kqk gqbZa vkSj [kwc vkoHkxr dhA geus cgqr lkjh

ckrsa dh vkSj vxys fnu Vkbiampou dh rjQ jgus okys

dqN fe=ksa ls Hkh gksyh feyu dh kstuk cuk MkyhA

amp

21

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k

efgyk fnolwiexcl rks ccedilfrokZ 8 ekpZ dks eukk tkus oky varjkZVordfh efgyk fnol vius vki esa cgqr egRoiwkZ gS ftls yxHkx lHkh fodflr o fodklkhy nsk lEeku lfgr eukrs gSaA ijarq ugha ekywe fd Hkkjr tSls nsk esa tks nqfuk dk nwljk lcls cM+k nsk gS vkSj tgkiexcl L=h dk lEeku vkSj mldh lqjkk vkt Hkh fpark dk fok gS] bldh lkFkZdrk fdruh gS d vksj mUgravekjksUgravekj ccedilxfr djrk Hkkjr ftlesa L=h lgHkkfxrk egRoiwkZ gS] ogha nwljh vksj mlh ukjh kfauml dk fujarj gksrk mRihM+u tks fup gh vfr fuanuh gSA

dgrs gSa d fodflr lekt ds fy lekt esa jgus okys yksxksa dh ekufldrk dk fodkl gksuk Hkh vkod gSA vkt Hkkjr ds fodklkhy ls fodflr gksus dh xfr Hkys gh vPNh ekuh tk jgh gks ysfdu L=h tkfr ds ccedilfr Hkkjrh lekt dh ekufldrk ds ifjorZu dh xfr dgha Tknk kheh gSA

okZ 2012 esa gqbZ dqN kVukvksa us lekt ds lHkh rcds ds yksxksa ds eu vkSj efLrd dks fgtagtksj dj j[k fnkA lHkh ds eu esa s ccedilu rks vo mBk gksxk fd tks gqvk] Dk oks Bhd Fkk vkSj Dk gekjh lkekftd vkSj Ukfd OoLFkk fL=ksa ds vuqdwy gSS fufpr rkSj ij gekjh lkekftd vkSj Ukfd OoLFkk esa ifjorZu dh vkodrk gSA g ifjorZu fn gekjs kjksa ls gksdj lekt rd igqiexclps] rks vPNk gSA ifjorZu d sls lekt ds fy] tgkiexcl gj d L=h kj ls ckgj gksdj Hkh vius kj tSlh lqjkk eglwl djsA

L=h lqjkk dks ysdj fpafrr gekjh ljdkj us lsquoAnti-rape Billrsquo rks ikl dj fnk gS] ij g dguk eqfdy gS fd g fdruk lkFkZd fl) gksxk

tc rd gekjs lekt dh lksp ugha cnyrh] rc rd sls fdrus Hkh fcy Dksa u ikl gks tka] mudk dksbZ egRo ughaA

rks vkb ge lc feydj viuh lksp dks FkksM+k vkSj fodflr djsaA L=h tkfr dks Hkh mruh gh vktknh nsa] ftruh fd iqk lekt dks feyh gS] lkFk gh lkFk d etcwr lqjfkr lekt Hkh nas] tgkiexcl oks mu Aringiexclpkbksa dks Nw lds ftldh oks gdnkj gSA Dksafd lgh ekus esa fodflr lekt dh dYiuk rHkh dh tk ldrh gS tc lekt ds nksuksa ifgs vFkkZr~ L=h vkSj iqk cjkcj d nwljs ds lkFk pysaA oLrqr fodflr nsk dh dYiuk L=hampiqk nksuksa ds leosr fodkl ls gh dh tk ldrh gSA

Hkkjrh laLmdashfr esa dgk Hkh xk gS ndash

lhek kno

= ukZLrq iwTUrs] jeUrs r= nsorkA

ge yksx fQj lcls kqHkampjkf= dg lksus pys xsA lPk vkt rks lkjk

cnu nnZ dj jgk gSA bruh nwjh dh mM+ku ge dHkhampdHkh gh r djrs gSa

vkSj vc laLFkku dh rjg eSa Hkh cqtqxZ gks xk gwiexclA vjs ughaampugha]

laLFkku rks fpj qok gS] gkiexcl rks fur u Qwy ccedilkaxk esa viuh lrjaxh

vkHkk fc[ksjus vkrs jgsa] gh dkeuk fy--------eSa vkidk euHkkou

eksjA

ukjh jRu thtkckbZvpyksth] jkksth] koar vkSj cgknqj] s pkjks HkkbZ ykBh Hkkiexcltus dk

vHkl dj jgs FksA rHkh dkd ikiexclp okZ dh lqanj ckfydk ogkiexcl vk

kedh vkSj muds chp esa viuh ykBh pykus yxhA vpyksth us

dgkampHkkx gkiexcl ls] gesa viuk vHkl djus nsA

jkksth us dgk ndash kj esa tkdj xqfM+k dks lkM+h igukus dk vHkl djA

ckfydk cksyh ndash esjh lthampltkbZ xqfM+k dks dksbZ mBk u ys tk] bldh

Hkh rks eqgts fpark djuh iM+sxhA

koar us dgk ndash g ckfydk vo gS] ij ckrksa esa ekuus okyh ugha gSA

d ykBh blds iSjksa ij tek gh nsrk gwiexclA

cgknqj us dgk ndash gh Bhd jgsxkA rc g jksrhampyiexclxM+krh kj dh vksj

Hkkxsxh o ekiexcl dh xksn esa cSB jgsxhA

ckfydk us dgk ndash eSa Dksa pksV [kkAringiexclxh eSa rks rqEgkjk gj okj cpkAringiexclxh

vkSj myVs rqe ij ccedilgkj diexclxhA eSa Hkh ykBh pykuk vPNh ccedildkj tkurh

gwiexclA pyks] vk tkvks pkjksa d lkFk ] ns[kwiexcl rqe lcdk djrcA

uUgh ckfydk pkjksa ds chp esa kql xh vkSj cgqr osx ls ykBh Hkkiexcltus

yxhA og dHkh bl ij rks dHkh ml ij okj djus yxhA pkjksa Hkkbksa us

mls ekjus dk vkoskiwkZ fn[kkok fdk ijarq o Vl ls el ugha gqbZA

mlh le firkth y[kwth tkkojko ogkiexcl vk igqiexclpsA mUgksaus yiddj

dUk dks mBkk vkSj xys yxk fykA mdashf=e dksi ls os vius iq=ksa dks

MkiexclVus yxs] rc iq=ksa us d lkFk dgk ndash firkth vki bls lkekU u

legtsaA g rks jkpafMdk gSA

gh ckfydk vkxs pydj kkgth dh iRuh vkSj N=ifr fkokth

dh ekiexcl thtkckbZ ds i esa ccedil[kr gqbZA thtkckbZ us cM+h

dqkyrk ls fkokth dks lqlaLdkfjr fdk vkSj muds thou esa

LokeZ rFkk LojkTk ds ccedilfr vVwV fuBk LFkkfir dhA

nhik paaeligk

22

varLk~

dj] nkSM+kuk kq dj nsrs gSaA fdlh gn rd slk gksuk iwkZr vuqfpr Hkh

ugha gS ijarq ekrkampfirk dks vius cPps dh ckSf)d kerkvksa dk fuik

ewYkadu Hkh rks djuk pkfgA ccedilRsd cPpk ilt+kbZ esa gh dqkkxz gks] slk

tjh rks ugha gS ijarq gj ekrkampfirk cl gh pkgrs gSa fd mudk cPpk

vkbZvkbZVh k iheVh esa lsysDV gks tks vkSj muds kjk fukkZfjr ekxZ

ij pyrs gq MkWDVj k bathfuj gh cusA sls ekrk firk kkn g Hkwy

tkrs gSa fd kjrh dk ccedilRsd Ofauml dsoy ilt+kbZ esa gh lcls rst vkSj

vRfkd kerkoku rks ugha gks ldrkA mUgsa bl ckr dh vksj Hkh xkSj

djuk pkfg fd muds cPps dk gtku fdlh vkSj ks= esa rks ugha gSA

thou esa lQy gksus ds fy dsoy vkbZvkbZVh gh rks vdsyk jkLrk gS

ughaA lfpu rsanqydj] vferkHk cPpu] iafMr jfokadj vkSj kh HkkbZ

vackuh fdlh vkbZvkbZVh esa ugha ilt+s Fks] ij os lc dsoy blfy thou

esa lQy gq Dksafd mUgsa og lc dqN djus fnk xk ftlesa og lQy

gks ldrs FksA dgus dk rkRiZ gS fd cgqr ckj nqHkkZX g gksrk gS fd

Ofauml dks og cuus gh ugha fnk tkrk tks og cu ldrk gSA mls tcju

og cukus dh dksfkk dh tkrh gS tks og cuuk ugha pkgrk k oks cuus

dh mlesa kerk ugha gksrhA cl gha ls Ofauml ds vanj euksoSKkfud ncko

cuus dk chtkjksik gks tkrk gSA

miqZauml lkjh ckrksa dk lkj g gS fd cPpksa esa ekufld ncko dk ccedilFke

dkjk ekrkampfirk kjk mldh okLrfod kerkvksa ls vfkd vkiskkiexcl

j[kuk gksrk gS vkSj cPps kjk ilt+kbZ esa cgqr vPNk ifjkke u yk ikus

ij mls fudEek kksfkr dj fnk tkrk gSA g ccedilfrfOslashk gh ml cPps dh

lQyrk esa jksM+k cu tkrh gS tcfd gh cPpk fdlh nwljs ks= esa

cqyafnkiexcl Nwus dh lkeFZ j[krk gSAvr ekrkampfirk dk g nkfRo curk

gS fd os vius cPps dh vfHkfp dks xaHkhjrk ls igpkuus dk ccedilRu djsa

vkSj fn vkod gks rks fokskK vkSj ijkekZnkrk dh lgkrk ysa vkSj

fQj mlh ds vuqlkj mldks miqauml fnkk esa ccedilksRlkfgr djsaA cPps dks

vkbZvkbZVh k lhiheVh dh vakh nkSM+ esa nkSM+kus dk ccedilkl u djsaA

vRqr mls miqauml fnkk nsdj iwjh yxu] fuBk] ndashlt+ fup ds lkFk

ifjJe ds ekxZ ij ccedilkLr djsa y mldk vuqxeu djsxkA

dksbZ cPpk vius Ldwy ds ccedilkjfEHkd dky esa ilt+kbZ esa vPNk djrk gS rks ekrkampfirk kjk vDlj ml cPps dh kerkvksa dk xqkxku fdk tkrk

gSA khjsampkhjs cPps dks g eglwl gksus yxrk gS fd ldquoeSa lekt dk d

kksfkr egkampeskkoh gwiexclArdquo vc ogh cPpk mPprj dkkvksa esa tc visfkr urhtk ugha yk ikrk rks lekt dh ut+j esa vius dks ghu Hkkouk ls

2- lkekftd viskkvksa kjk tfur dkjk

vkbZ vkbZ Vh vkSj vkbZ vkbZ e tSls nsk ds [kfryCk mPp fkkk

laLFkkuksa dks lHkh d foksk lEeku ls ns[krs gSa vkSj muds kjk fkkk

oa kksk ds ks= esa fd tkus okys ksxnku dks cgqkk ljkgk tkrk gSA

ijarq g Hkh d dVq lR gS fd bUgha laLFkkuksa ds Nk=ksa ds ckjs esa vDlj

lquk tkrk gS fd mUgsa vRfkd ekufld ncko ls xqtjuk iM+rk gS vkSj

muesa ls dqN volknxzLr gksdj Hkkog fLFkfr mRiUu dj nsrs gSa ftudh

ifjkfr dHkhampdHkh cgqr nq[kn gks tkrh gS vkSj rc lHkh vksj ls] pkgs

og lacafkr Nk= ds ifjokjhtu gksa k lektlsoh vFkok ehfMk] bu

laLFkkuksa ds ra= es lt+sj lkjh dfekiexcl fudkyrs gq bl nq[kn kVuk ds fy

iwkZ i ls mUgravekjnkh fl) djus dk vfHkku lk kq dj nsrs gSa vkSj

xyr ckuh oa vuxZy nkskkjksik dh ckSNkj gksus yxrh gSA

njvly g yksxksa dk Hkze gS fd lekt ds nwljs vooksa dh rqyuk esa bu

laLFkkvksa esa vfkd nq[kn kVukiexcl gksrh gSaA lR rks g gS fd ehfMk

viuh TRP clt+kus [kkfrj bu laLFkkuksa esa kVus okys bDdkampnqDdk gknlksa

dks luluh[kst cukdj gpararsampnjampgparars vuxZy ccedilyki djus yxrh gSA

dgus dh vkodrk ugha gS fd qokvksa dk volknxzLr gksuk Hkh

lkekU kVuk ugha gS vkSj nqHkkZX ls fn vdky e`Rq tSlh kVuk kV

tkrh gS rks iwjs laLFkku dk lsquokSkfkd okrkojk volkn ls fkj tkrk gSA

oLrqr blesa fdlh ccedildkj dk Hkze ugha gksuk pkfg fd laLFkku esa slh

fdlh Hkh fLFkfr ds mRiUu gksus ds igys gh mlds dkjk vkSj fuokjk dk

xaHkhj ccedilkl fdk tkuk pkfg vkSj bl miacutes dh ccedilkfIr ds fy

lacfUkr kVdksa dks le jgrs viuk ksxnku nsuk pkfgA ccedilLrqr ys[k esa

blh ckr dks ku esa j[krs gqs eSaus bl vRar uktqd fok ij vius

fopkjksa dks ikBdksa ds foospukFkZ ccedilLrqr djus dk ccedilkl fdk gSA

fy[kus dh vkodrk ugha gS fd vkbZvkbZVh tSls laLFkkuksa esa ilt+us okys

Nk= dqkkxz vkSj ifjJeh rks gksrs gh gSa ijarq cM+h la[k esa os Hkkoqd Hkh

gksrs gSaA lp rks g gS fd buesa ls cgqrksa esa euksoSKkfud nckoksa dh =klnh

muds Ldwy dky ls kq gks tkrh gSa ftls fuEufyf[kr iksa esa foHkkftr

djds d lEd fopkj djus dh tjr gSA

vktampdy dh pdkpkSak esa gj eeoxhZ fkfkr ekrkampfirk dh vius

cPpksa ds ccedilfr egRokdkakka muds ckY dky vkSj Ldwy dky ls gh cM+h

gksus yxha gSaA FkksMs+ Hkh ltx ekrkampfirk vius cPps dks uoha dkk rd

vkrs vkrs gh mls MkDVjh k bathfufjax dh vakh nkSM+ esa] pkcqd pyk

(d) vkbZ- vkbZ- Vh- Nk=ksa esa euksampncko ds dkjk

1- ekrkampfirk kjk tfur dkjk

mPp rduhdh fkkk laLFkkukas ds Nk=ksa ij euksoSKkfud ncko ds dkjk vkSj mudk fuokjk

ljksdkj d forsquoyskk

23

varLk~


xzflr eglwl djus yxrk gSA dVq lR rks g gS fd lekt esa fdlh dks u rks fdlh nwljs ds cPps dh fpark gksrh gS vkSj u gh nwljs ds cPps ls foksk viskka gksrh gSaA ijarq cPpksa dh Lotfur lksp gh mUgsa ekufld ncko esa Mkyrh gS vkSj mudh jgh lgh kerkvksa dks dqan dj nsrh gSA vr eSa cPpksa dks vkxkg djuk pkgwiexclxk fd os lkekftd viskkvksa ds dkYifud tky ls vius dks vktkn j[ksa vkSj viuh fp ds ks= esa viuh ccedilfrHkk fu[kkjus ds fy lrr~ ccedilRukhy jgsaA vfHkokodksa dks Hkh mudh bl ccedilfOslashk esa FkklaHko lgksx nsuk pkfg vkSj de ls de vojksk rks ugha cuuk pkfgA lnSo kn jf[ks fd bZekunkjh vkSj iwjs ifjJe ds lkFk vius fpdj ks= esa fdk xk ccedilkl dHkh fuQy gks gh ugha ldrk vkSj gh lQyrk dh dqath gSA

cgqr ckj g ns[kk tkrk gS fd Nk= Ldwyampdky esa tks ilt+kbZ djrs gSa og dsoy d dkk ikl djds vxyh dkk esa igqiexclp tkus ds fy gh dh tkrh gS ijUrq os viuh eq[ eafty r ugha djrsA tc rd y r ugha djksxs rhj fdkj pykvksxs cxSj y r fds vtqZu tSls kuqkkZjh dh riLk Hkh fdlh eryc fd ugha gks ldrh FkhA esjk slk ekuuk gS fd rFkkdfFkr dksfpax dsUaeligksa esa ilt+us okys Nk=ksa esa cgqr la[k sls Nk=ksa dh gksrh gS tks k rks blfy ilt+ jgs gksrs gSa Dksafd muds ekiexclampcki gh pkgrs gSa k blfy fd muds dbZ lgikBh ogkiexcl ilt+us tk jgs gSaA mudk viuk Loa dk dksbZ y ugha gksrkA oLrqr gh Nk= ckn ds thou esa vlQy gksus ij euksoSKkfud nckoksa ds fkdkj gksrs gSa vkSj dqaBkxzLr thou thus ds fy vfHklIr gksrs gSaA

1- u laLFkku ifjosk kjk tfur dkjk tc dksbZ Nk=Nk=k vius Ldwyh thou ds ckn vkbZvkbZVh tSls fokky laLFkku esa ccedilosk ysrkysrh gS rks mlds vanj fuEu dkjd ccedilHkkoh gksrs gSaamp

Iuml igyhampigyh ckj ekrkampfirk vkSj kj ls nwj vkuk

Iuml uampu fofHkUu HkkkkampHkkkh Nk=ampNk=kvksa dk lkFk

Iuml d ubZ LoNanrk dk Lokn tks vpkud iSlk] fe=rk]iltkbZ][kkuk] ihuk] lksuk] tkxuk] kweuk] fQjuk lHkh ks=ksa esa gkfly gks tkrh gS

Iuml dgha u dgha jSfxax ds ccedilfr vareZu esa cSBk Hk

Iuml vdknfed ikBicircOslasheksa dk rsth ls ccedilokg

Iuml iltkbZ esa vfr eskkoh lgikfBksa ls ccedilfrLikkZ

g vkf[kjh ckr vfr egRoiwkZ gS tks Nk= vius Ldwyh thou esa Ldwy k ftys dk VkWij jgk gks] og vc pkyhl vfr eskkfoksa cPpksa ds chp vius dks fiNM+rk gqvk ikos rks mldk vkRefookl Mksyus yxrk gSA eSaus

3- Nk= kjk LokSRiUu dkjk

([k) vkbZvkbZVh esa ccedilosk ds rqjar ckn euksncko ds dkjk

1- us ifjosk tfur dkjk

24

varLk~


futkr ik ldrs gSaA

miqZauml rF ls d ckr vkSj fudyrh gS fd jkVordfhampLrj ij ccedilkFkfed Ldwyh fkkk ds le ls gh fn cPpksa esa HkkkkhampKku vkSj laoknampdkSky dks clt+kus ds fy lexz ccedilkl fdk tks rks xzkehk ifjosk vkSj detksj vkfFkZd Lrj ds fo|kFkhZ Hkh vius vkRefookl ds cy ij thou esa Aringaph lQyrk gkfly dj ldrs gSaA

ofjB Nk=ksa esa euksncko mitkus esa Ofaumlxr dkjk gh Tknk mUgravekjnkh gksrs gSaA sls Nk= dqN okksaZ rd vkbZ vkbZ Vh esa ilt+us ds ckn mRlkgh vkSj LekVZ cu tkrs gSa vkSj ccedilfrdwy ifjfLFkfrksa dks gtsyus esa ekfgj gks tkrs gSaA cgqrsjs 5amp6 lh ih vkbZ ikus okys vkSlr Nk= Hkh viuh nwljh fokskrkvksa vkSj kerkvksa ds dkjk vius OfaumlRo dks fu[kkj ysrs gSa vkSj mPpre lQyrk dh vksj vxzlj gks tkrs gSaA oLrqr fo|kfFkZksa dk gh oxZ gS ftUgksaus lQyrk ds uampu dhfrZeku LFkkfir fd gSaA vfr eskkoh rks vius bZkampccedilnUgravek cqf)ampdkSky ls oSls gh lQy gksus ds vfkdkjh gksrs gSaA ysfdu tc dksbZ laLFkk vkSlr Ofauml dh kerkvksa dks fu[kkj dj lQyrk dh dgkuh xlt+rh gS rks og jksekapdkjh dgkuh gksrh gSA

ccedilFke okZ ls gh euksnckoksa ds dqpOslash esa Qalus ds ckn vius dks vlQy vkSj ghu legtus okys dqN Nk=] ckn ds okksaZ esa eLrh esa thus yxrs gSaA vkt ds qx esa iwjs foo ds qok oxZ vkSj fokskdj Nk= opqZvy nqfuk esa Tknk le xqtkjus yxrs gSa Qslcqd vkSj fV~oVj esa jguk mudh vknr cu tkrh gS ij blds Bhd foijhr vlyh thou esa eu vkSj Hkkouka rks opqZvy gksrh ugha cl gh fojkskkHkkl mueas ekufld an vkSj ruko mitkrk gSA eS iqu Lejk djkuk pkgwiexclxk fd slh fLFkfrksa dk chtkjksik vkbZ vkbZ Vh esa ccedilosk ds rqjar ckn ds le dh fLFkfrksa dk mfpr rjhds ls lekkku u djus ds dkjk gksrk gS vkSj dbZ ckj vPNs cPps nuh fLFkfrksa esa igqiexclp tkrs gSaA

vdknfed vlQyrk uSjk dk d ccedileq[k dkjk gksrh gSA Nk=ksa dh vlafer fnupkZ] xyr vknrsa] vkRefookl esa deh oa dbZ ckj Hkfo ds ccedilfr vfufprrk iuirs uSjk dks xaHkhj voLFkk rd igqiexclpk nsrh gSa ftlds dHkhampdHkh cgqr nq[kn ifjkke gks tkrs gSaA bUVjusV dk ukk vkSj nwljs ccedildkj ds Olu Hkh bl leLk dk dHkhampdHkh dkjk Hkh gksrs gSa vkSj dbZ ckj ifjkke HkhA

(x) ofjB Nk=ksa esa euksncko ds dkjk

1-Ofaumlxr dkjk

2-dkYifud txr esa fopjk

3-vdknfed vlQyrk

dbZ eskkoh fdUrq Hkkoqd Nk=ksa dks blh dkjk ls volknxzLr gksrs ns[kk gSA d ckj dkk esa fiNM+ tkus ds ckn] u ifjosk esa gksus ds dkjk] ladksp vkSj vius kVrs vkRefookl ds dkjk os fkkdksa oa vU lgikfBksa ls viuh vuamplacakh leLkvksa ij ckrphr ugha dj ikrs vkSj urhtru vkSj fiNM+rs gh pys tkrs gSaA

bldk dqN vak Aringij m)`r fdk tk pqdk gS eSa dqN foksk ckrsa vkSj dguk pkgwiexclxkA vius ykM+ys ls fnu esa dbZampdbZ ckj ckr djuk ekrkampfirk kjk mRiUu d foksk leLk gSA vEek lqcg] nksigj] kke tkuuk pkgrh gS fd csVs us [kkuk [kkk fd ugha] esl esa [kkuk dSlk cuk Fkk] tq[kke dh nok [kkbZ dh ugha] jkr dks fdrus cts lksk] lqcg fdrus cts txk] VsLV vkSj fDot dSlk gqvk] eampikVZuj dSlk gS bRkfnampbRkfn gtkjksa fdyksehVj nwj ls gh frac14mldh leLk legts cxSjfrac12 mls mykguk nh tkrh gS fd vc og Dykl esa Dksa fiNM+ jgk gS vkSj igys tSlk VkWij Dksa ugha jgk bRkfn vkbZvkbZVh ds ccedilFke okZ esa ilt+ jgs Nk=ksa esa euksoSKkfud ncko clt+us dk g d foksk dkjk gksrk gSA ekrkampfirk dks pkfg fd vius cPps dks bl okRlYamptky ls eqauml djsa vkSj mls vius ia[k QSyk dj vius vuamptxr esa mM+us nsaA

eS bl fok dh rkfdZdrk k vkSfpR ij dksbZ fVIikh ugha djuk pkgwiexclxk ijarq vius mu uokxarqd Nk=ksa dks ltx djuk pkgwiexclxk tks lkekftd i ls vfr fiNM+s ks=ksa] foiUu ifjfLFkfrksa esa Ldwyhampfkkk ysus ds mijkar vkjkk ds vkkkj ij vkbZ vkbZ Vh esa ccedilosk ik dj vkrs gSaA nqHkkZX ls fn sls Nk= dHkhampdHkh vius vHkhV dks ikus esa vlQy gks tkrs gSa rks lewps ra= dks tkfrxr vkkkj ij nqjkxzgh vkSj foskiwkZ fl) djus esa yx tkrs gSa oa muds bl mdashR esa muds ekrkampfirk oa tkfr dh jktuhfr djus okys rFkkdfFkr lektlsoh usrk Hkh mudk iwjk lkFk nsus yxrs gSaA esjh vokkjkk g gS fd sls cPpksa dh d ewyHkwr detksjh mudk viexclxzsth Hkkkk cksyus vkSj legtus dh kerk esa deh vkSj mudh laoknampdyk esa detksjh gksrh gS] u dh mudh vkfFkZd foiUurk k fdlh tkfr foksk dk gksukA Dksafd eSaus dbZ lkkkjk ckSf)d kerk oa det+ksj vdknfed fjdkWMZ okys blh xzqi ds Nk=ksa dks vkRefookl ls Hkjk gqvk vkSj vkbZ vkbZ Vh esa cgqr vPNk ccedilnkZu djrs gq Hkh ns[kk gSA g Hkh crkuk vkod gS fd vkbZ vkbZ Vh tSls lexz lksp okys laLFkku esa sls det+ksj Nk=ksa dh lgkrk ds fy slh Hkjiwj lqfokka miyCk gSa ftuls os ykHk mBk ldrs gSaA vaxzsth ds lkFkamplkFk fonskh Hkkkkvksa dks legtus] cksyus vkSj fy[kus dh ccedilohkrk gsrq os kq ls gh Dykl TokbZu dj ldrs gSa slk djds os Hkkkk lacakh reke fdLe dh detksfjksa ls

2-

3- vkbZ- vkbZ- Vh- ds ccedilosk eas vkjkk dh oSkkfud ckrk

vfHkHkkodksa kjk tfur dkjk

25

varLk~


MkW- vkseccedildkk feJ

ccedileq[k fpfdRlkfkdkjh

4- ikfjokfjd

ikfjokfjd mygtusa lHkh dks ijskku djrh gSa ijarq Nk=ksa ds vifjiDo bl nsk ds fylksprk vkSj thrk gS gj dksbZ viuksa ds fy]mUufr oa ccedilxfr dh gj iy vfHkykkk fy]ij fdlh us dHkh lkspk vius oru ds fy]

gk js nqHkkZX] u lkspk dHkh bl nsk ds fy A

lafokku us dqN ekSfyd drZOksa dh vfHkykkk dj]ge nskokflksa dks ekSfyd vfkdkj fns]

iyampiy yM+rs lHkh bu vfkdkjksa dks ikus ds fy]ij Dk fdlh us dHkh drZO Hkh iwkZ fd


vkoke us ccediltkra= esa usrk reeke pqu fns]nsk lsok mUufr dh vkM+ esa cl kksVkys fds]

lkspk Fkk s gS nsk lsok] mUufr ds fy]kstuk ds rgr nsk ds lalkku [kks[kys fds


ukjh lEeku dks dyafdr dj ml ij vRkpkj fds]og nsoh rqY ukjh vkt fpafrr LoamplEeku ds fy]

ml dh lqjkk lEeku vc fpark dk fok nsk ds fy]HkzVkpkj vRkpkj us ekgkSy fcxkM+k lc ds fy Agk js nqHkkZX] u lkspk dHkh bl nsk ds fy A

nsk ds LoaHkw dkZkkj usrkvksa ds gky dhgj iy [kqn dh fgQktr dh fpUrk fyHkok [kqn dks lqjkk ds ksjs esa fy]Dk ns iksaxs os lqjkk voke ds fy


lkspks mu ekrkvksa dh ftUgksaus nsk jkk gsrqviuh dks[kksa ls tkiexclckt flikgh fns]

jgrs gj kk ltx nsk dh ljgn ds fy]gj iy jgsa rRij ccedilkk UkSNkoj djus ds fy][kqn mBkrs [krjs rkfd nskoklh pSu ls ftsa A

gh lc gSa dBksj lR ge lHkh ds fyDk] Dksa vkSj dSls lksps ge bl nsk ds fy A

eueksgu l[kwtkfofk oa tulwpuk ccedildksB

26

varLk~


esk pkanh tSls koy fk[kj esa

eksrh tSls dk cudj]

lc eksrh fey d gq tc

Nk rqe ckny cudjA

tUe gqvk lkxj ds ty ls

cuk i rc mPp fk[kj ls]

uHk ij tkdj esk cus

cus kjk ds ccedilseh lsA

esk xtZuk uHk esa gksrh

eksjksa ds Loj xwiexclt mBs]

eskkas ls gS ccedilhr kusjh

ns[k eksj lc ukp mBsA

tSls lqanj ia[k gekjs

oSlh lqanj kjk djks rqe]

tSls gksrs u`R gekjs

oSls lqanj xhr Hkjks rqeA

Dksa Nk gks rqe vacj esa

pkg esjh dsoy gS rqgt esa]

xtZu djks u jgdj uHk esa

u`R diexcl eSa rsjs lax esaA

mM+dj vks nwj xxu ls

vk dj FkksM+k ne Hkj yks]

Iklh kjrh jkg fugkjs

vkdj vius mj Hkj yksA

pdok] pdoh vkSj iihgk

lHkh rqEgkjh jkg fugkjsa]

o`k yrka lw[k jgha lc

mu ds ru Hkh rqEgsa iqdkjsaA

Mjks ugha ml lthB iou ls

jksd jgk tks rqEgsa jkg esa]

vk tkvks rqe gkiexcl xxu ls

rksM+ iou dk naHk jkg esaA

rqe ccedilsenwr] rqe esknwr

rqe gks kjk ds ccedilkk nwr]

rqe gks tyfk ds okrdquoi iqat

rqe ls thfor gSa lHkh dqatA

i cny tc fiky x rqe

feVk fnk viuk vkdkj]

kjrh ds vkiexclpy esa vkdj

lq[kh fdk mldk lalkjA

lap dh ugha o`fUgravek esk esa

deZB osx ls pyrk gS]

viuh lkjh nsg yqVk dj

khry lcdks djrk gSA

dSls diexcl ueu eSa rsjk

dc rw dgkiexcl Bgjrk gS]

vkokjk ccedilseh cu dj

vuojr Mksyrk jgrk gSA

iwtk feJk

27

fp=dkjhamp oUnuk dksBkjh

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k

vkReeaFku

esjk eu fiNys dqN fnuksa ls ijskku gks jgk FkkA v[kckj ilt+us ls oa Vh-

oh- lekpkj ns[kus ls og ijskkuh vkSj clt+ tkrh FkhA d fnu [ky

vkk fd Dksa u bl leLk dks dkxt ij mdsj fnk tk] kkn eu

dqN gYdk gks tksA

esjh ijskkuh dk eq[ dkjk gS kSu kkskk ds lekpkj] pkgs nsk dh

jktkkuh gks] egkuxj eqEcbZ gks] eccedilnsk dh m|ksx uxjh bankSj gks k

d NksVk lk xkiexcloA

vc irk py jgk gS fd g chekjh gj txg QSyh gqbZ gSA g chekjh

igys Hkh QSyh gqbZ Fkh] cl varj bruk gS fd igys bl chekjh dk

[kqyklk lekt ds Mj ls ugha gksrk Fkk ysfdu vc fnYyh dh keZukd

kVuk ds ckn nksfkksa dks ltk fnykus dh ndashfV ls vkSj vkxs slh kVuka

u gksa] bldh vkkk ls Loa ihfM+r oa mlds kj okys iqfyl ds ikl tkus

yxs gSa] ysfdu yxrk gS fd MsbquoDVj k iqfyl ds ikl bldk bykt gh ugha

gS k djuk gh ugha pkgrs Dksafd bl chekjh ds cM+sampcM+s okjl bUgha ds

lajkk esa iyrs gSa] bUgh ds pkjksa vksj QSys gq gSaA

vkt lqcg ds dqN dkksaZ ls fuo`Ugravek gksdj Vh oh [kksyk rks lekpkj vk

jgk Fkk fd bankSj esa lkr lky dh cPph ds lkFk mlh ds pkpk us kSukpkj

fdk vkSj varr ml cPph dh ekSr gks xbZA blesa cPph dh pkph us Hkh

lgksx fdkA pkpk dks Qkiexcllh vkSj pkph dks vkthou dkjkokl dh ltk

rhu eghus ds fjdkMZ le esa lqukh xbZA lekpkj lqudj eu cgqr

OfFkr gks xk] Vh oh cUn fdk vkSj lekpkj ilt+us cSB xbZ ogkiexcl Hkh

igys gh lekpkj esa Fkk d vksM+ Ofauml fxjpararkjA

dqN fnuksa ls bu lekpkjksa dks ns[kdj oa ilt+dj eu cgqr OfFkr gks

tkrk gSA eu bl leLk dh tM+ dks ltwiexcllt+us dks Okdqy gks xk] rc ccedilu

lkeus vkk fd Dk blesa ekrkampfirk dh dksrkgh gS k ekrkampfirk cPpksa

dks Bhd lt+ax ls laLdkfjr ugha dj jgs gSa k vkt dh HkkxnkSM+ okyh

ftanxh esa ekrkampfirk ds ikl le gh ugha gksrk g ns[kus dk fd cPps

Dk lgh dj jgs gSa vkSj Dk xyr

vktdy cPps vfkdkak le vkk ds lkFk xqtkjrs gSaA ekiexclampcki nksuksa

dke djrs gSa] vr os rks cPpksa ls kke dks gh fey ikrs gSa ysfdu rHkh

d Vh oh pSusy dk lekpkj fnekx esa dkSak xk ftlesa crkk fd d

cki us viuh gh 6amp7 lky dh cPph ds lkFk nqdeZ djus dk ccedilkl

fdkA vktdy oks Jheku tsy dh gok [kk jgs gSaA

vktdy rks nkfeuh dkaM dh ppkZ lHkh txg gS fQj og pkgs xyhampdwapk

gks k laln nkfeuh dks Hkkjr oa vesfjdk us lEekfur Hkh dj fnkA

eqgts yx jgk Fkk fd bl ckj rks vo nksfkksa dks dM+h ltk feysxh fQj

pkgs oks cM+s lkgc yksxksa ds csVs gks k cM+s usrk th ds vHkh dqN fnuksa ls

g eaFku py gh jgk Fkk fd d Uwt pSusy dh ccedilFke [kcj esa d fnu

lekpkj lquus dks feyk fd bl dkaM ds eq[ vkjksih us Qkiexcllh yxkdj

vkRegRk dj yhA blh ckr dks ysdj Vh oh ij cM+h cgl py jgh FkhA

esjs fnekx esa d ccedilu dkSakk fd g vkRegRk gS k dqN yksxksa dks cpkus

ds fy gRk [kSj fQj esjs eu esa fopkj vkk fd g fukZ rks gekjs

ekuuh Ukkkhk egksn dks djus nsa] eSa Dksa viuk flj [kikAringiexcl

d fnu d ckbZ dh vkiampchrh ilt+dj cgqr gh nq[k gqvk okss d caxys

esa dke djrh FkhA d fnu ekfyd ds csVs dh tUefnu ikVhZ Fkh] vr kj

ykSVus esa dkQh nsj gks xbZA eselkgc us ckbZ dks dgk fd jkr cgqr gks xbZ

gS] vkt jkr rqe gha lks tkvks] dy lqcg pyh tkukA ysfdu cPpksa

vkSj ifr ds ckjsa esa lkspdj mlus euk dj fnk vkSj og vdsyh gh jkr

dks yxHkx d cts vius kj py nh] FkksM+h gh nwj pyus ds ckn og

ns[krh gS fd pkj yksx kjkc ds uks esa kqr mldh vksj pys vk jgs Fks

mldks dqN Hkh legt esa ugha vk jgk Fkk fd og Dk djs og ogkiexcl ls

Hkkxus dk dqN ccedilRu dj ikrh] blds igys gh mu nqVksa us vkdj ckbZ dks

ksj fyk mlds ckn mlds lkFk ogh gqvk ftldh mlus dHkh dYiuk Hkh

ugha dh FkhA oks pkjks mldks ogha NksM+dj vaksjs esa yqIr gks xsA khjsampkhjs

dneksa ls og vius kj dh vksj vlgk fLFkfr esa py nhA kj ij lHkh

yksx lks pqds FksA og Hkh fcuk vkokt fds lksus ds fys pyh xh A ij

ml kVuk ds ckjs esa lksprs oa djoV cnyrs gh mlus jkr xqtkj nhA

vxys fnu mlds ifr us iwNk rks nsj ls vkus dh ckr dgdj pqi gks xbZA

28

varLk~

lkfgR k=k dfork

mldks irk Fkk fd jkf= dh kVuk fn mldks crk nh rks og mlss ekjihV

dj kj ls fudky nsxkA

eSa lksprh gwiexcl fd ckbZ dh Dk xyrh Fkh Dk bl nsk esa d vkSjr vius

ifjokj dk Hkjkampikskk djus ds fy dke Hkh ugha dj ldrh Dk og

dke djus ds ckn lqjfkr kj ugha ykSV ldrh fn slk gS rks g dSlh

Lora=rk gS dSlk tura= gS

eqgtdks yxrk gS kSu kkskk] NsM+NkM+] yM+fdksa ij rstkc Qsaddj mUgsa

cnlwjr djuk] kedh Hkjs lel djuk bRkfn kVuka bl nsk esa

egkekjh dk i ysrh tk jgh gSaSA legt esa ugha vkrk] bu lcdk bykt

Dk gS Dk uampu dkuwu cukus ls leLk gy gksxh Dk iqfyl dks

Vordfsfuax nsus ls leLk gy gksxh Dk ekiexclampcki dks vius cPpksa esa vPNs

laLdkj Mkyus dh lykg ls leLk gy gksxh eSa blh mksM+cqu esa cSBh

lksp jgh Fkh fd leLk dk gy Dk gks ldrk gS rHkh esjh iksrh vius

ikik dh d deht ys vkh ftlesa ntZuksa Nsn gks xs FksA og dgus yxh]

eSa ikik dh deht iguwaxhA eSa mlds fudiV fny ls fudyh bPNk vkSj

ml deht dh fLFkfr dks ns[kdj viuh iksrh dh vksj ccediluHkjh fuxkgksa ls

ns[kus yxhA eSa kkn mlls dguk pkg jgh Fkh fd csVk s leLk bruh

vklku ugha gS blds gy ds fy xgu vkRe eaFku dh vkodrk gSA

blesa d k nks Nsn ugha gSa ftls eSa fly nwiexcl] blesa ntZuksa Nsn gSa dksbZ nk

nthZ gh Bhd dj ldrk gS vkSj eSaus bruk dgdj mldks [ksyus dh

lykg ns MkyhA

xkiexclo dh knesjs xkiexclo esa og ihiy dh Nkiexclo

cSBrs Fks tgkiexcl nknkampnknh vkSj rkAringftlesa iwtk dh yky Mksjh

ckakh Fkh ukuh usesjh gh jkk vkSj yach mez ds fycjlkr esa tc ikuh Hkj tkrk Fkk

kjksa nksLrksa dk tekoM+k yx tkrk FkkNTtksa is cSBds uko dkxt dh pykrs FksHkhxrs Fks vkSj mlh dhpM+ esa ugkrs FksdckM+h okyk tc tkequ csapus vkrk Fkk

ge iqjkuk yksgk] IykfLVd ltwiexcllt+usa esa yx tkrs Fkscnys esa eqeumlh Hkj tkequ dks ys

gtViV Nr ij plt+ tkrs Fkskukksj nqigjh esa tc kj okys lks tkrs Fks

ge dqYQh okyksa dh iksaampiksa ij ku yxkrs Fksu tkus dc ls cpkbZ mu vBfUuksa dks ysdj

uaxs ikiexclo gh Hkkxdj tkrs Fksij vkt u oks isM+ gS uks oks ckfjk dk ikuh

u tkequ esa oks feBkl gSu dqYQh esa oks Lokn gS

u nksLr vc oSls feyrs gSalc vkjkensg kjksa esa can jgrs gSa

lalkj vkt cl mdashf=e euksgj nqdku gSkuh vkkqfudhdjk ds gh uqdlku gSa

vkdkakk jkuk] Nk=k

dkafr tSu

dSls fucgSa fucy tu] dfj lcyu lksa xSjAjfgeu cfl lkxj folS] djr exj lksa cSjAA

detksj yksxksa dks rkdrojksa ls nqeuh ugha djuh pkfgA jghe dgrs gSa] leqaelig ds ikuh esa jgdj exjePN ls nqeuh eksy ugha ysuh pkfg] Dksafd ikuh gh rks exj dhs vlyh rkdr gSA ogkiexcl rks vkidh gkj fufpr gSA

jghenkl

29

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k

esjk tUe d BsB lukruh ifjokj esa gqvkA cpiu ls gh iwtk] vpZuk ds

okrkojk esa iyhampclt+hA ekiexcl dks xhrk] jkekk ilt+dj lqukrh FkhA Mjiksd

cgqr Fkh] blfy guqekuamppkyhlk] fkoamppkyhlk dk ikB fdk djrhA

lkseokj dk ozr cM+s fue ls djrh FkhA Hk ds dkjk rjgamprjg dh

Hkzkafrkiexcl eu esa Hkj xbZ FkhaA fookg vkZlekth ifjokj esa gqvk vkSj fQj

khjsampkhjs mlh jax esa jpampcl xbZA gou ds ea=ksa ls gh fnu dk vkjEHk

gksrk Fkk] wiexcl rks iwtkampikB lc ogh Fkk] ij ltiexclx cny xk Fkk vkSj wiexcl gh

thou ds lkr nkd chr xsA

d fnu vpkud esjk ifjp d sls ifjokj ls gqvk tks gekjh gh

rjg lkkkjk thou thrk Fkk] ijUrq vkRe muesa jpkampclk FkkA muls

dqN iqLrdsa ysdj eSaus Hkh ilt+ha vkSj crkus ij ku Hkh djus yxh]

khjsampkhjs esjh fp bkjampmkj ls gV dj mUgha ckrksa esa clt+us yxh vkSj

vc rks esjk thou gh cnyus yxkA ml ifjokj dk vkHkkj eSa thou

iZUr ugha Hkwywiexclxh Dksafd mUgksaus esjk ifjp eqgtls djokkA

igys miUkl cgqr ilt+rh Fkh fdUrq vc rks vkkfRed iqLrdksa esa gh eu

yxrk gS Hkys gh dbZ ckj ilt+ ywiexcl] gj ckj ubZ ckr legt esa vkrh gSA

igys Oslashksk cgqr vkrk Fkk] ij vc khjsampkhjs lgukhyrk vkrh tk jgh

gSA eu dh papyrk tks igys cgqr Fkh] vc de gksrh tk jgh gSA fufer

vHkl frac14kufrac12 vc esjs thou dk egRoiwkZ vak cu xk gSA lqcg

ku ls gh ccedilkjEHk gksrh gS] fopkj vkiexclkh dh rjg vkrs gSa fdUrq mlh rjg

ykSV tkrs gSaA okLro esa fopkj fudyus ds fy gh vkrs gSa] mu ij ku

u nsus ij fcuk ikuh fns ikSkksa dh rjg eqgtkZ tkrs gSa] khjsampkhjs vge~ esa

deh vkus yxrh gS] acircn esa ccedildkk QSyus yxrk gS] lrr~ gfjampLejk esa

jg dj tks Hkh dkZ djks lQyrk feyrh gh gS] bruk gh ugha dkZ Hkh

gekjs tkus fcuk Lor gksus yxrs gaSA dbZ slh ckrsa gSa ftudk lekkku

cgqr lkspus ij Hkh ugha lwgtrk] ij ku ds le vpkud gh ccedilkIr gks

tkrk gS

slh ljy fofk vius Lo ls tqM+us ds fy mez ds bl ltyku ij ccedilkIr

gqbZA bZoj ljy gS] mls ljy jhfr ls gh legtuk gksxkA vius bl Lo

frac14bZojfrac12 dks ccedilkIr djus ds fy vius eu esa cukbZ nqfuk frac14ftlus mls

vkPNkfnr dj j[kk gSfrac12 dks lekIr djuk gksxk] vius vanj dh ml

fny esa gSa rLohjs kj cl] tjk xnZu gtqdkbZ ns[k yh A

fnOrk dks mtkxj djus ds fy vius kjk cukbZ l`fV lekIr djuh

gksxh vkSj rHkh bZoj ds kjk cukbZ l`fV vFkkZr~ ccedilmdashfr ds lkFk thou

th ldsaxsA dHkh vdsykiu ugha eglwl gksxk Dksafd g fnOrk lnk

gekjs lkFk gSA iwoZ ds laLdkjksa dks Hkksxus ds fy gh thou feyk gS g

gesa Loa gh Hkksxus gksaxsA vkkfRedrk esa dksbZ peRdkj ugha gksrk] mlls

dsoy lEcy ccedilkIr gksrk gSA lcdh HkykbZ] lcls ccedilse vkSj ccedilmdashfr dh

lehirk dk Hkko mUufr ds ml in ij ys tkrk gS ftls kCn Oauml ugha

dj ldrsA |fi cpiu ls fdk gqvk iwtkampikB lc vklkuh ls ugha

NwVrk ij ikiexclp] N lky esa lc NwV xkA vc tc oks gekjs vanj gS rks

Mj Hkh lekIr gks xkA vr ckgjh kj can djds Hkhrj dh vksj gtkiexcldksA

vius Hkhrj gtkiexcldus ls vuwBk vuqHko gksrk gS] slk vuqHko ftldks Oauml

djus ds fy kCn ugha gksrs] cl dsoy ije vkUun dh vuqHkwfr gksrh

gSA tc lkjs lalkj ds ccedilkkh vius yxus yxsa] vtuchiu dk glkl

[kre gks tk] pkjksa rjQ fe= gh fe= fn[kkbZ iM+us yxsa] rc legtks fd

rqeus ccedilse dks ik fyk vkSj ftlus ccedilse ik fyk mls ijekRek ds kj dh

dqath fey xbZ] mls fQj vkSj dqN ikus dks ksk ugha jg tkrk Bhd mlh

rjg tSls

vc rks slk ccedilrhr gksrk gS fd tSls dksbZ gj kk gekjs lkFk gS vkSj gj

dfBu ifjfLFkfr esa gekjh kfauml cudj gesa vkxsampvkxs clt+k jgk gSA vc

gj le slh vuqHkwfr gksrh gS fd

vdFk dgkuh ccedilse dh] dNw dgh u tkA

xwaxs dsjh ljdjk] [kkb vkSj eqldkA

ccedilseampxyh vfr lkadjh] rkesa nks u lekfgaA

tc eSa Fkk rc gfj ugha] vc gfj gaS eSa ukfgaA

tc eSa Fkk rc gfj ugha]

ukfg

vc

gfj

gSa

eSaSa

ljy HkVukxj

30

varLk~

fganh lkfgR lHkk

fganh lkfgRlHkk Dksa oa Dk

g egt laksx ugha gS fd dkuiqj [kM+h cksyh fganh ds vkfn ks=ksa esa ls jgk gS [kM+h cksyh ds ccedilkjafHkd dky kuh Hkkjrsanq gfjpaaelig ds tekus esa

ccedilrkiukjkk feJ gkiexcl ls czkatildek if=dk dk laiknu djrs Fks| vktknh ds laxzke esa xksk kadj fo|kFkhZ reke ukeksa ls viuh dforksiexcl vkSj ys[k gha

ls fy[kdj Nkirs Fks] tks Oslashkafrdkfjksa esa tksk Hkjrk FkkA bl Hkwfe ls fganh lkfgR ds dbZ cM+s gLrkkj tqM+s jgs gSA slh lkfgfRd ijaijk okys kgj esa

fLFkr bl laLFkku ds vUnj fganh dks lefiZr fdlh laLFkk dk u gksuk vLokHkkfod oa vlaHko FkkA ifjkke Loi fganh lkfgR lHkk dh vokkjkk us

tUe fykA orZeku esa g lHkk d mRlkgh vkSj deZB Nk= leqPp ds i esa fganh dks vkSj lkeFZampkkfyuh cukus dks ccedilfrc) gsSs|

xrokZ rd ekktky] oknampfookn] eaFku] lIrjax] rdZ] vkeusamplkeus] dkOampq) vkfn ccedilfrksfxrkvks ds eke ls dSail dh turk dk OfaumlRo

fodkl gksrk jgk FkkA bl okZ ls blds vfrfjauml dqN vU ccedilfrksfxrkvks tSls d ckj dh ckr gS dks ccedilkjaHk fdk tkuk gSA lkFk gh lkFk dSail jsfMks

ij d uk dkZOslashe fdjnkj Hkh ykap fdk tk jgk gS] ftleas gj gparars dksbZ fdjnkj viuh dgkuh lqukxkA dqN vU kstukvksa tSls lHkk dk

eq[ki= fuokZd vkSj Cykx] ftldk uke vHkh fukkZfjr ugha fdk tk ldk gS] ij Hkh lHkk dh dkZdkfjkh dkZjr gSA

varesa ]

fganh lkfgRlHkk vius rstl vkSj deZkhy lfpoksa dks lHkk ds ccedilfr mudh fuBk ds fy mUgsa kUokn nsrh gS vkSj lkFk gh lkFk ldquovarl~rdquo

ds dqky lEiknu ds fy jktHkkkk ccedildksB dks kqHkdkeuka nsrh gSA

31

varLk~

ys[k

yxk nsrk rks Dk lekt ds fy og vfkd miksxh fl) gksrhA

eSa lksprk gwiexcl Dk ge fdlh xyr fnkk esa tk jgs gSa ysfdu fQj eqgts

yxrk gS fd fnkk ogh gS] cl Oogkj cny jgk gSA ge dkk] eS=h]

ccedilse ds qx ls fudydj vkjVhvkbZ (RTI) ds qx esa k

Governance) ds qx esa vk xs gSaA ijhkksa igys Hkh gksrh Fkha] udy

vkSj ijkekZ igys Hkh FksA cnyk gS rks dsoy bruk fd igys fueksa dk

mYyaku Hkh ccedilse ds dkjk gksrk Fkk vkSj mldh ppkZ lc yksxksa dks

gYdhampQqYdh ccedillUurk nsrh FkhA eqgts kn gS fd gkbZLdwy ds cksMZ dh

ijhkk frac14tks d nwljs Ldwy esafrac12 gqbZ Fkh] lkSHkkX ls esjs dejs esa esjs

vkid Jh eatwj glu dh MicircwVh yxh FkhA os ckjampckj vkdj esjh dkih

iyVrs vkSj d foksk i`B ij maxyh j[kdj pys tkrsA tc eSa ugha

legt ikk fd os Dk djuk pkgrs gSa] rks mUgsa LiV djuk iM+k fd eSaus

ccedil- la- 4 esa xyrh dh gSA eSaus mls Bhd fdk vkSj xfkr esa foksk

ksXrk ccedilkIr dhA ckr g gS fd eSaus k eatwj glu lkgc us tgkiexcl Hkh

bl ckr dh ppkZ dh rks lcus bls nks ccedildkj ls fykA d fd eSa vPNk

fo|kFkhZ Fkk vkSj nwljs fd eatwj glu lkgc fdrus mnkj] fokky acircnh Fks

vkSj gksugkj fo|kfFkZksa dk Hkyk pkgus okys FksA

lanHkZ cny xs gSaA ijhkk ds fnuksa ds fy kkSpky rqM+oks Hkh ugha tk

ldrs] cPpksa dks kkSpky tkus ls jksdk Hkh ugha tk ldrk] vkSj

bUVjVsuesaV esy Iklt+ampilt+dj dqafBr k fujkk gksus ls Hkh ugha cpk tk

ldrkA

(Good

ckSNkj

fkkk] ijhkk vkSj kkSpky----khkZd ns[kdj ftu yksxksa dks vViVk yx ldrk gS muls esjk fuosnu gS

fd os g legtsa fd ge ftl ijkampvkkqfud qx esa k=k dj jgs gSa mlesa

gj ckr dk gj ckr ls lacak gSA dYiuk dhfts fd vki dk csVk d

rduhdh laLFkku esa ilt+ jgk gS vkSj vkius mls lR cksyus dh fkkk nh

gSA d fnu vki Qksu djrs gSaampfudqat] dgkiexcl gks og dgrk gSampikik ckn

esa ckr djrs gSa] eSa ijhkk esa gwiexclA ysfdu vkidks parayk dh vkokt vkrh gS

k vki cPpksa dh vkokt dks lqurs gSaA vki iwNrs gSandashysfdu csVk gkiexcl rks

parayk dh lh vkokt vk jgh gSA vkidk lRdke csVk dgrk gSamp ldquoikik

ijhkk py jgh gS] ge yksx VsbquoysV esa vks gq gSa] ccedilu la rhu ij

ppkZ dj jgs gSa] ckn esa ckr djsaxsArdquo vki pfdr gks tkrs gSaA gks ldrk gS

vkids gkFkksa dk Nkyk] vkids vkiexcl[k dh iqryh fkkk dh dkk esa

vuqifLFkr jgus ds vHkko dks kkSpky ds laokn k ijkekZ ls iwjk dj

jgk gksA

vccedilSyampebZ ds fnuksa esa UVjVsuesaV esy frac14vFkkZr~ bZampesyfrac12 esa d laokn pyk

FkkA fkkd xk udy ds clt+rs gq ccedilksx vkSj ijhkk esa fo|kfFkZksa ds

ckjampckj kkSpky tkus dks ysdj dkQh nq[kh FksA dqN yksx rks slk Hkh

lksprs Fks fd ijhkk ds chp VkWysV tkus ij jksd yxkbZ tkuh pkfgA

d lqgtko Fkk fd rhu kaVs dh ijhkk dks Mslt+ampMslt+ kaVksa dh nks ijhkkvksa esa

ckiexclV fnk tkA d ys[kd tks FkksM+k xkiexclkhoknh fopkjksa ds ekywe iM+rs Fks]

fy[krs Fks fd fn os Loa ds osx dks rhu kaVs jksd ldrs gSa rks fo|kFkhZ

Dksa ugha mUgksaus ijhkk esa kkSpky tkus ij jksd yxk nh FkhA d us rks

d fo|kFkhZ ds ckjampckj VkWysV tkus ij mls Qsy rd dj fnk FkkA

ckr rks lgh gSA eSa Hkh vius dks d vYiek=k dk xkiexclkhoknh ekurk gwiexclA

ysfdu ekqesg ds dkjk eqgts kkSpky tkuk iM+rk gSA sls gh tc d

ckj eSa kkSpky xk rks ns[krk gwiexcl fd flLVuZ ds Aringij gSjkyEcl dh

fdrkc j[kh Fkh tks esjh dkk dh dkslZ dh fdrkc FkhA eSaus mBk yh vkSj

cPpksa dh uSfrdrk mHkkjus ds fy gkWy esa vkdj dgk fd g iqLrd

VkWysV esa feyh gS] ftldh gks eqgtls ys ysA

tsbZbZ frac14laqauml ccedilosk ijhkk frac12 esa cgqr ccedilfrHkkkkyh cPps vkrs gSaA Dksafd

mauml ijhkk ds rqjUr ckn dksbZ eqgtls vkdj ugha feykA xzsM fns tkus ds

ckn d fnu kkSfed esjs ikl vkk vkSj dgus yxk fd Dk g iqLrd

mls ykSVk ldrk gwiexcl Dksafd vkbZl (IAS) dh rSkjh esa g mlds dke

vksxhA eSaus og iqLrd mls ykSVk nhA

vxj eSa g iqLrd mls u nsdj kkSpky esa gh Qsad vkrk k mlesa vkx

vkfnR kadj] Nk=

32

varLk~

ys[kckSNkj oSls esjk g Hkh ekuuk gS fd d lhek ds vanj lokZfkd ccedilfrHkkkkyh

fo|kfFkZksa dks fue rksM+us dh fkkk vkSj kkSpkyksa ds lnqiksx dh Hkh

nhkk feyuh pkfgsA vxj vki dks esjh ckr xyr yxs rks crkbs fd

fkkk dh lekfIr ij tc cPps lekt esa tksa rks dkSu lk ks= pqusA

ccedilkklu] foUgravek] keZ] jktuhfr k lkekftd ftlesa ek= dM+h esgur k

iwkZ bZekunkjh ds vkkkj ij Aringiexclpk mBk tk ldrk gS k ccedilHkkoh thou

ftk tk ldrk gSA eSa rks fcydqy ugha pkgwiexclxk fd esjs fkkkFkhZ vius

jkrampfnu fkkk esa yxk nsa vkSj viuh iwkZ bZekunkjh ds dkjk vUr esa

lsquoujsxkrsquo(National Rural Employment Guarantee Act) ds fys tsbquoc

dkMZ cuoksaA eSa pkgrk gwiexcl fd esjh fkkk esa os lHkh ckrsa lfEefyr gksa tks

mUgsa vkt ds lekt esa lQy cuk ldsaA eSa ugha pkgwiexclxk fd Lo-lRsUaelig nwcs

dh rjg os de mez esa ekj fns tksa vkSj rFkkdfFkr lQy vkSj HkzV

yksx muds ifjokj dks lEeku dk ind nsaA

eSa vius fkkkfFkZksa dks vijkk dh fkkk ugha nsuk pkgrk ij eSa

fo|kfFkZksa vkSj fkkdksa] lHkh ls g fuosnu djuk pkgrk gwiexcl fd

lkekftd cqjkbksa ds dkjkksa dh ekSfyd igpku djsaA slk rks ugha gh gS

fd tks fkkk xzsM ysus ds ckn Hkh gesa vkfFkZd] uSfrd vkSj vkkfRed

Lora=rk ugha nsrh mlesa kq)rk ds fueksa ds vfrikyu ls fdlh dks dksbZ

ykHk gSA esjh viuh ekUrk gS fd vkt d sls vkUnksyu dh

vkodrk gS tks eafnj] fkkk laLFkkvksa] fofk vkSj Uk ds Hkouksa dks

ltgkdj mu dyampdkj[kkuksa dk fuekZk djs tgkiexcl dksbZ Hkh LoLFk Ofauml

vius eu dk vkSj lekt dh HkykbZ dk dke dj ldsA eSa fdl eqiexclg ls

vius fkkkFkhZ k kksk Nk= dks Kku dk c`gLifr vkSj uSfrdrk dk

firkeg cuus ds fys fook diexcl tcfd gekjs nsk esa mls bl lc ls

dqN ugha feyus okykA eSa g Hkh tkurk gwiexcl fd eSaus fn dHkh Hkh dksbZ Hkh

legtkSrk u fdk gksrk rks eSa gkiexcl ccedilksQslj ugha vius kgj dh phuh fey

esa etnwj gksrk] Vkbiamp4 esa ugha] dgha xanh cLrh esa jg jgk gksrk] bZampesy

dh txg kfVk yksdy lekpkj i= ilt+rk] nks dh txg lkr cPps gksrs

vkSj varl~ dk ccedilkku laiknd u gksdj xqIr lkfgR ls tqM+k gksrkA eSa

viuh ckr dg jgk gwiexcl] lcdh ughaA gks ldrk gS fd dqN uSfrdrk dk

iwkZ ikyu djrs gq Hkh bl dyqfkr lekt esa mUufr dj jgs gksaA

viokn Hkh d lR gSA

vkt gj Ofauml vyxko ls xzLr gSA gekjs fo|kFkhZ Hkh blds viokn ugha

gSaA rHkh rks xhrk ds ksxh dh Hkkiexclfr jkr Hkj tkxrs gSa vkSj fnu Hkj lksrs

gSa bl vyxko dks nwj dj mUgsa muds eu dh ilt+kbZ nsaA

vkt dh ilt+kbZ rks ykVjh ls py jgh gS tks Loa esa Hkh d ykVjh gSA yx

xbZ rks yx xbZ] ugha rks csdkjA vxj cPpksa dks muds eu dh fkkk ccedilkIr

gks vkSj muesa fkkk dh Hkw[k gks rks ijhkk dh vkodrk gh u iM+s vkSj

dke esa bruk eu yxs fd kkSpky tkuk rd Hkwy tksaA fn fo|kfFkZksa

dks ogh djus dks fnk tks tks os Loa pkgrs gksa rks ijhkk dh

vkodrk gh Dk gS

mEehnlj iVdampiVd pecirckuksa esa] thou u viuk [kksus nks]

mEehn dh d fpaxkjh dks] fgtyfey uuksa esa clus nksA

Dksa HkVd x gks jkgksa ij] Dksa cgd x vfHkekuksa ij]

txex eu dh Tksr cqgtk Dksa lsquoksrdquok gq vafkkjksa ij]

jkgksa ij vfMx jgks rqe viuh] liuksa ds ix dks clt+us nks]

vkkkvksa dh lst ltk] eu dks gtjus lk cgus nksA

mEehn dh d fpaxkjh dks fgtyfey uuksa esa clus nksAA

iFk ij dkiexclVksa ls Mjks u rqe] vFkd ohj ls clt+s pyks]

e`xr`kk dks HksaV plt+k rqe] vkkkvksa ls ijs pyks]

jkgksa ij tks HkVd x] mudks lqekxZ ij clt+us nks]

vleatl dk xyk kksaV] ndashx esa liuksa dks iyus nks

mEehn dh d fpaxkjh dks fgtyfey uuksa esa clus nks

tc deksaZ dh ixMaMh ij gks tkiexcl lkjs dkZ foQy]

tc Lusg] ccedilse vkSj vkrqjrk] rsjh jkgksa ds cusa [kyy]

Qiexcllks u bu tatkyksa esa] dneksa dks iFk ij clt+us nks]

lansgksa ls djks fdukjk] thou lq[k ls Hkjus nks

mEehn dh d fpaxkjh dks] fgtyfey uuksa esa clus nks

vuqjkx dSFky] Nk=

ccedilksQslj vk dqekj kekZ

33

varLk~

vyadkj

ldquovaxh djksfr dkOa kCnkFkkZouyamdashrh

vlkS u eUrs dLekn~ vuqkeuyamdashrhArdquo

ldquodkarefi fuHkwZka foHkkfr ofurk eq[ke~rdquo

^vyadkj Hkkjrh lkfgR kkL=ampijaijk dk kCn gSA vyadkj dk

lkekU vFkZ gS vkHkwkkA ftl ccedildkj vyadkj kkjk djus ls ukjh ds

lkSanZ esa o`f) gksrh gS mlh ccedildkj dfork esa Hkh vyadkj ds ccedilksx ls

dfork ds lkSanZ esa o`f) gksrh gSA bl rjg vyadkj dkO ds ckaacute

kksHkkdkjd keZ gSaA

lkekU thou esa okkh dk Okikj viuh lgt xfr ls py ldrk gS]

ijarq dkO ds ks= esa mldk viskkmdashr fofkV i gh vfkd ekU gSA

vius dFku dks peRdkjiwkZ cukus dk eksg dfo vkSj jfldampleqnk esa

lnk ls jgk gSA blds kjk vfHkOfauml esa LiVrk] Hkkoksa esa ccedilHkfokqrk

vkSj ccedilskkhrk rFkk Hkkkk esa lkSanZ dk lEiknu gksrk gSA dkO esa

jekhrk vkSj peRdkj dk maeligsd djus ds fy vyadkjksa dh fLFkfr

vkod gSA dqN vkpkksaZ us vyadkjksa dks dkO ds fy vfuokZ ekuk

gSA ds jpfrk egkdfo tnso vyadkjampfoghu dkO dks

mkrkampfoghu vfXu ds leku ekurs gSaA muds dFkukuqlkj ftl ccedildkj

mkrk vfXu dk LokHkkfod keZ gS mlh ccedildkj vyadkj dkO dk lgt

keZ gSA mUgksaus fy[kk gS

fdUrq g ekUrk dqN vkpkksaZ dh gh gS ftUgsa vyadkjoknh dgk tk

ldrk gSA nwljh vksj viskkmdashr le`) ijaijk sls vkpkksaZ dh gS tks

vyadkj dks dfork ds fy vfuokZ keZ ds i esa ugha ekursA gkykiexclfd

os Lohdkj djrs gSa fd vyadkj ds LokHkkfod bLrseky ls dfork ds

lkSanZ esa o`f) gksrh gSA cgjgky Hkkeg] naMh] okeu] dqard ls ysdj

vkpkZ jkepUaelig kqDy rd lHkh us fdlh u fdlh lhek rd vyadkjksa

dk egUgraveo Lohdkj fdk gSA

vkpkZ Hkkeg dk dFku gS fd ftl ccedildkj fcuk vkHkwkk ds fdlh dkark

dk lqanj eq[k Hkh kksHkkeku ugha gksrk mlh ccedildkj vyadkjampfoghu

dfork Hkh yksdfccedil ugha gksrhA

vkpkZ dqard vyadkjampfoghu dkO dks dkO dh laKk nsuk gh ugha

pkgrsA vyamdashr kCnkFkZampjpuk dks gh os dkO ekurs gSaA egfkZ osnOkl

us bu lHkh vkpkksaZ ls iwoZ gh kksfkr fdk Fkk fd vyadkjampjfgr dkO

mlh ccedildkj gS tSls fokok ukjhA

^paaeligkyksd

gkiexcl g LiV dj nsuk vkod ccedilrhr gksrk gS fd ^vyadkj kCn

lkfgRkkL= dh ijorhZ ijaijk esa ftl vFkZ esa ccedilqauml gqvk gS] ml vFkZ

esa vyadkjoknh dgs tkusokys vkpkksaZ us Hkh ccedilqauml ugha fdk FkkA tcfd

jl] ofu] xqk vkfn vU fokskrkvksa ls os vufHkK ugha FksA mu yksxksa

us bu lcdk vyx ls foospu u djds vFkok fofkV egUgraveo dk rRo u

ekudj bu lcdks vyadkj dh ifjfk esa gh lfEefyr dj fyk FkkA gkiexcl

rd fd jl rRo Hkh vius leLr foLrkj ds lkFk jlor vyadkj esa

gh fleV dj jg xk FkkA vkpkZ okeu us dkO ds lHkh

lkSanZampfokkd rRoksa dks vyadkj gh ekuk gS]

vkpkZ jkepUaelig kqDy us dkO ds ks= esa vkSj dks nks

fHkUu rRo ekuk gSA muds fopkj ls |fi dkO ds fy nksuksa rRoksa dk

gksuk vkod gS ijarq lkSanZ ls vfkd Okid gSA blds

varxZr vyadkjksa ds lkFkamplkFk Hkko] i] xqk vkfn dk Hkh mRdkZiwkZ

vfLrRo jgrk gSA fn vyadkjksa dks gh dkO dk loZLo eku fyk tks

vkSj dkO ds vU xqkksa dh miskk dj nh tks rks slk dkO mlh ccedildkj

dk gksxk tSls dksbZ futhZo kjhj dks vkHkwkkksa ls eafMr djsA blh rF

dks ku esa j[krs gq vkpkZ eEeV us dkO dh ifjHkkkk nsrs gq

vyadkj dh vfuokZrk dks Lohdkj ugh fdk gS

muds

esa vyadkjampfoghurk dks Hkh dkO esa Lohmdashfr feyh gSA

miqZauml foospu ds vkkkj ij vyadkj dh vfkd miqauml ifjHkkkk ge

vkpkZ jkepUaelig kqDy ds kCnksa esa nsdj bl fok dks vfkd LiV dj

ldrs gSaA vkpkZ kqDy fy[krs gSa

dkOkkL= ds bfrgkl esa vyadkjksa dk egUgraveo lcls igys Lohmdashr gqvk gSA

egfkZ kLd vkSj ikfkfu tSls vkpkksaZ us Hkh miek ds fofok vaxksa dk

mYys[k fdk gSA vyadkjampfoospd vkjafHkd xzUFkksa dk irk ugha pyrk

ijarq fokuksa us egfkZ ikfkfu vkSj vkpkZ Hkkeg ds dkyamplhek ds

Hkhrj vyadkj foospd vusd vU vkpkksaZ dk vfLrRo Lohdkj fdk

gSA ikfkuh us tgka miek vkfn vyadkjksa ds lkFk jl vkfn dk Hkh mYys[k

fdk gS] ogkiexcl Hkkeg us vius uked xzaFk esa dsoy

vyadkj dks gh dkO dh vkRek fl) djrs gq mldk foLr`r foospu

fdk gSA Hkkeg ds mijkar naMh] mn~HkV] vkSj aeligV us vyadkjampfoospu

^lkSanaZy~adkjA

^lkSanZ lsquooSfplaquorsquo

^rn~nkskkS kCnkFkkSZ

lxqkkouy~amdashrh iqu DokfiA ^vuy~amdashrh iqu Dokfi

ldquoHkkoksa dk mRdkZ fn[kkus vkSj

oLrqvksa ds xqk vkSj fOslashk dk vfkdkfkd rhoz vuqHko djkus

esa dHkhampdHkh lgkd gksus okyh qfauml vyadkj gSArdquo

^dkOkyadkj

lsquooSfplaquorsquo

HkkkkampfoekZ vyadkj

34

varLk~


dks vkSj Hkh vfkd iqV oa foLr`r fdkA bu vkpkksaZ us vyadkj

ds lkFk jl vkSj Hkkoksa ij Hkh fopkj fdkA

|fi vfkdkak ijorhZ vkpkksaZ us vyadkj ds lkFk jl] jhfr]

o`fUgravek vkSj ofu dk Hkh foospu fdk gS] ijarq dqN vkpkZ sls Hkh

gqs gSa ftUgksaus vU fokksa dks xkSk ekurs gqs dsoy vyadkjksa dks

gh ccedileq[krk ccedilnku dhA buesa tnso] vIi nhfkr] dsko feJ]

fparkefk] djusl] egkjkt tloar flag vkfn ds uke foksk i

ls mYys[kuh gSaA ofu] jhfr vkSj jl laccedilnkoknh vkpkksaZ us Hkh

vyadkjksa dk foLr`r foospu fdk gSA g ckr vkSj gS fd

vyadkjoknh vkpkksaZ dh Hkkafr mu yksxksa us dsoy mls gh dkO dh

vkRek ugha fl) fdkA

ccedilkjEHk esa Hkjr eqfu us ukVicirckkL= esa dsoy miek] id] nhid

vkSj ed bu pkj vyadkjksa dk gh okZu fdk FkkA Hkkeg ds xzaFk

esa 48 vyadkjksa dk mYys[k gSA aeligV us vius

esa vyadkjksa ds HksnampccedilHksnksa dk okZu djrs

gqs budh la[k 78 rd igqapk nh gSA tnso ds esa

100 vyadkjksa dk vkSj muds mijkar vIi nhfkr ds

esa 123 vkSj iafMrjkt txUukFk ds

esa 191 vyadkjksa dk foospu gqvk gSA jhfrdkyhu fgUnh xzUFkksa esa

vkpkZ dsko dh loZccedilFke gS ftlesa 37 vyadkjksa

dk HksnksiHksn lfgr okZu gSA fparkefk f=ikBh ds

esa la[k clt+ xbZ gSA esa 108

vyadkjksa dk foospu gSA vkkqfud dky ds vyadkj xzUFkksa esa ykyk

Hkxokunhu dh foksk mYys[kuh gSA blesa

vyadkjksa dh la[k 120 rd igqiexclp xbZ gS tks vkkqfud fgUnh ds

vyadkj xzUFkksa dh lcls cM+h la[k gSA

lampvkHkkjMkW- vejukFk vkkkj xzaFk fgUnh vkykspuk dh ikfjHkkfkd kCnkoyh nwljk ifjofkZr vkSj lakksfkr laLdkjk 2012

ccedildkkd jktdey ccedildkku ccedilk- fy-1ampch] usrkth lqHkkk ekxZ] ubZ fnYyhamp110002

^dkOkyadkj

^vyadkj lkjlaxzg

^paaeligyksd

^dqoykuan ^jlxaxkkj

^dfofccedilk

^dfodqydYir ^HkkkkampHkwkk

^vyadkj eatwkk

fouezrk vusd fo|kyksa ds lwpukiV ij s kkL= opu fy[ks gksrs gSa]

vFkkZr~ fo|k fou ccedilnku djrh gSS] fo|k fou ls gh kksfHkr gksrh gSA okLro esa ccedilRsd Ofauml thouih ikBkkyk dk d fo|kFkhZ gh gS vkSj og lrr~ bl ikBkkyk esa dqN u dqN lh[krk jgrk gSA blfy ccedilRsd Ofauml dks bl kkL= opu dk vknj djuk pkfg vkSj mls okLrfod fo|k ccedilkIr djus dk ccedilkl djuk pkfg tks mldks okLrfod vFkZ esa fou ccedilnku djs vkSj thou esa mlds vftZr Kku dks lqkksfHkr djsA

vgadkjh Ofauml fdruk Hkh fo|koku gks] og kksHkk ugha ikrkAkkL= dgrs gSaamp

vFkkZr~ gs euq rw lqkhy] iqkRek] ccedilseh vkSj leLr ccedilkfkksa dk fgrSkh cu Dksafd tSls uhph Hkwfe dh vksj yqlt+drk gqvk ty viusampvki gh ik= esa vk tkrk gS] oSls gh lRik=] fouez euq ds ikl leLr laifUgravekkiexcl Loa vk tkrh gSaA

thou esa dksbZ fo|k u gks ij isV ikyus dh fo|k rks gj Ofauml ds ikl gksrh gh gSA fQj lwfauml ds vuqlkj foo ds lHkh ilt+s fy[ks yksx fouh gksus pkfgA ijarq ns[kk g tkrk gS fd fou tSlk ln~xqk vfr fojyksa ds ikl gh gksrk gSA oSls rks lsYleSauksa esa] osVjksa esa Hkh cM+h fouezrk fn[krh gS ijarq og AringijampAringij dh gS] varj ls mudk acircn rks cl LokFkZHkko ls Hkjk jgrk gSA |fi og fouezrk Hkh vPNh gS ijarq ljy] fudiV okLrfod fouezrk rks lhks vkRe fo|k dk gh ccedillkn gSA

leqaelig esa vusd ufnkiexcl vkdj feyrh gSa ijarq og kkar jgrk gS] mlesa cklt+ ugha vkrhA blfy xaHkhj vkSj uez cuasA fo|k] ku] mPp inoh eku vkSj lEeku ikdj nEHkh u cusaA tks o`k Qyksa ls yn tkrk gS og gtqd tkrk gS] sls gh tks Ofauml lPph fo|k dks ik ysrk gS og fouez gks gh tkrk gSA tks xkxj uy ds uhps gtqdus dks rSkj gks tkrh gS] ogh ty ls iwkZ gks tkrh gSA vr fouezrk ls fo|k feyrh gS vkSj fo|k ls iqu fouezrk iksfkr gksrh gSA tks fouez gS] mldk loZ= vknj gksrk gSA tks vfHkekuh gksrk gS mldk loZ= frjLdkj gksrk gSA fouez Ofauml yksxksa ls vknjamplRdkj ikrk gSAuezrk ekuoampthou dk Hkwkk gSA uezrk ls euq ds xqk lqokflr vkSj lqkksfHkr gks mBrs gSaA uezrk foku dh foUgravekk esa] kuoku ds ku esa] cyoku ds cy esa vkSj lqi ds i esa pkj pkiexcln yxk nsrh gSA lPpk cM+Iiu uezrk esa gh gSA ge fdlh dks Hkh NksVk u legtsaA

lquhrk flag] ifjkstuk miccedilcUkd

fo|k nnkfr foue~ fo|k fousu kksHkrsA

lqkhyks Hko kekZRek eS= ccedilkfkfgrs jrAfuEua Fkki ccedilokk ik=ekkfUr lEinAA frac14fokq iqjkkfrac12

^fo|k nnkfr foue~

35

varLk~

jktHkkkk fganh

laoSkkfud ccedilkokku vk 1 lak dh Hkkkk

vuqPNsn 120

vuqPNsn 210

vuqPNsn 343 lak dh jktHkkkk

vuqPNsn 344 jktHkkkk ds lacak esa vkksx vkSj laln dh lfefr

Hkkjr ds lafokku dks 26 uoEcj] 1949 dks Lohdkj fdk xk rFkk 26 tuojh] 1950 ls mls ykxw fdk xkA 14 flrEcj] 1949 ds fnu Hkkjrh lak dh jktHkkkk ds i esa fganh dks Lohdkj fds tkus dk fukZ lafokku lHkk kjk fdk xk FkkA vr ccedilfrokZ 14 flrEcj dks Hkkjr Hkj esa fganh fnol dk vkkstu fdk tkrk gSA

laln esa ccedilksx dh tkus okyh Hkkkk amp frac141frac12 Hkkxamp17 esa fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq Hkh] fdarq vuqPNsn 348 ds micakksa ds vkhu jgrs gq] laln esa dkZ fganh esa k vaxzsth esa fdk tkxk ijarq] FkkfLFkfr] jkT lHkk dk lHkkifr k yksd lHkk dk vk vFkok ml i esa dkZ djus okyk Ofauml fdlh lnL dks] tks fganh esa k vaxzsth esa viuh ikZIr vfHkOfauml ugha dj ldrk gS] viuh ekr`ampHkkkk esa lnu dks lacksfkr djus dh vuqKk ns ldsxk A

fokkuampeaMy esa ccedilksx dh tkus okyh Hkkkk amp frac141frac12 Hkkxamp17 esa fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq Hkh] fdarq vuqPNsn 348 ds micakksa ds vkhu jgrs gq] jkT ds fokkuampeaMy esa dkZ jkT dh jktHkkkk k jktHkkkkvksa esa k fganh esa k vaxzsth esa fdk tkxk ijarq] FkkfLFkfr] fokku lHkk dk vk k fokku ifjkn~ dk lHkkifr vFkok ml i esa dkZ djus okyk Ofauml fdlh lnL dks] tks iwoksZauml Hkkkkvksa esa ls fdlh Hkkkk esa viuh ikZIr vfHkOfauml ugha dj ldrk gS] viuh ekr`Hkkkk esa lnu dks lacksfkr djus dh vuqKk ns ldsxk A

frac141frac12 lak dh jktHkkkk fganh vkSj fyfi nsoukxjh gksxh] lak ds kkldh ccedilkstuksa ds fy ccedilksx gksus okys vadksa dk i Hkkjrh vadksa dk varjkZVordfh Ik gksxkA

frac142frac12 [kaM frac141frac12 esa fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq Hkh] bl lafokku ds ccedilkjaHk ls iaaeligg okZ dh vofk rd lak ds mu lHkh kkldh ccedilkstuksa ds fy vaxzsth Hkkkk dk ccedilksx fdk tkrk jgsxk ftuds fy mldk sls ccedilkjaHk ls Bhd igys ccedilksx fdk tk jgk Fkk

ijUrq jkVordfifr mauml vofk ds nkSjku] vknsk kjk] lak ds kkldh ccedilkstuksa esa ls fdlh ds fy vaxzsth Hkkkk ds vfrfjauml fganh Hkkkk dk vkSj Hkkjrh vadksa ds varjkZVordfh i ds vfrfjauml nsoukxjh i dk ccedilksx ccedilkfkmdashr dj ldsxkA

frac143frac12 bl vuqPNsn esa fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq Hkh] laln~ mauml iUaeligg okZ dh vofk ds ipkRk] fofk kjk

frac14dfrac12 vaxzsth Hkkkk dk] k

frac14[kfrac12 vadksa ds nsoukxjh i dk]

sls ccedilkstuksa ds fy ccedilksx micafkr dj ldsxh tks slh fofk esa fofufnZV fd tkaA

frac141frac12 jkVordfifr] bl lafokku ds ccedilkjaHk ls ikap okZ dh lekfIr ij vkSj rRipkRk sls ccedilkjaHk ls nl okZ dh lekfIr ij] vknsk kjk] d vkksx xfBr djsxk tks d vk vkSj vkBoha vuqlwph esa fofufnZV fofHkUu Hkkkkvksa dk ccedilfrfufkRo djus okys sls vU lnLksa ls feydj cusxk

frac142frac12 vkksx dk g drZO gksxk fd og jkVordfifr dksampamp

frac14dfrac12 lak ds kkldh ccedilkstuksa ds fy fganh Hkkkk ds vfkdkfkd ccedilksx]

frac14[kfrac12 lak ds lHkh k fdUgha kkldh ccedilkstuksa ds fy vaxzsth Hkkkk ds ccedilksx ij fucaZkuksa]

frac14xfrac12 vuqPNsn 348 esa mfYyf[kr lHkh k fdUgha ccedilkstuksa ds fy ccedilksx dh tkus okyh Hkkkk]

frac14kfrac12 lak ds fdlh d k vfkd fofufnZV ccedilkstuksa ds fy ccedilksx fd tkus okys vadksa ds i]

frac14ड़frac12 lak dh jktHkkkk rFkk lak vkSj fdlh jkT ds chp k d jkT vkSj nwljs jkT ds chp i=kfn dh Hkkkk vkSj muds ccedilksx ds lacak esa jkVordfifr kjk vkksx dks funsZfkr fd x fdlh vU fok] ds ckjs esa flQkfjk djsA

HkkkkampfoekZ jktHkkkk

36

varLk~


frac143frac12 [kaM frac142frac12 ds vkhu viuh flQkfjksa djus esa] vkksx Hkkjr dh vkS|ksfxd] lkaLmdashfrd vkSj oSKkfud mUufr dk vkSj yksd lsokvksa ds lacak esa vfganh Hkkkh ks=ksa ds Ofaumlksa ds Uklaxr nkoksa vkSj fgrksa dk lEd ku j[ksxkA

frac144frac12 d lfefr xfBr dh tkxh tks rhl lnLksa ls feydj cusxh ftuesa ls chl yksd lHkk ds lnL gksaxs vkSj nl jkT lHkk ds lnL gksaxs tks Oslashek yksd lHkk ds lnLksa vkSj jkT lHkk ds lnLksa kjk vkuqikfrd ccedilfrfufkRo i)fr ds vuqlkj dy laOslashekh er kjk fuokZfpr gksaxsA

frac145frac12 lfefr dk g drZO gksxk fd og [kaM frac141frac12 ds vkhu xfBr vkksx dh flQkfjkksa dh ijhkk djs vkSj jkVordfifr dks mu ij viuh jk ds ckjs esa ccedilfrosnu nsA

frac146frac12 vuqPNsn 343 esa fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq Hkh] jkVordfifr [kaM frac145frac12 esa fufnZV ccedilfrosnu ij fopkj djus ds ipkRk ml laiwkZ ccedilfrosnu ds k mlds fdlh Hkkx ds vuqlkj funsk ns ldsxkA

vuqPNsn 346 vkSj vuqPNsn 347 ds micakksa ds vkhu jgrs gq] fdlh jkT dk fokkuampeaMy] fofk kjk] ml jkT esa ccedilksx gksus okyh Hkkkkvksa esa ls fdlh d k vfkd Hkkkkvksa dks k fganh dks ml jkT ds lHkh k fdUgha kkldh ccedilkstuksa ds fy ccedilksx dh tkus okyh Hkkkk k Hkkkkvksa ds i esa vaxhdkj dj ldsxk

ijarq tc rd jkT dk fokkuampeaMy] fofk kjk] vUFkk micak u djs rc rd jkT ds Hkhrj mu kkldh ccedilkstuksa ds fy vaxzsth Hkkkk dk ccedilksx fdk tkrk jgsxk ftuds fy mldk bl lafokku ds ccedilkjaHk ls Bhd igys ccedilksx fdk tk jgk FkkA

lak esa kkldh ccedilkstuksa ds fy ccedilksx fd tkus ds fy rRle ccedilkfkmdashr Hkkkk] d jkT vkSj nwljs jkT ds chp rFkk fdlh jkT vkSj lak ds chp i=kfn dh jktHkkkk gksxh ijarq fn nks k vfkd jkT g djkj djrs gSa fd mu jkTksa ds chp i=kfn dh jktHkkkk fganh Hkkkk gksxh rks sls i=kfn ds fy ml Hkkkk dk ccedilksx fdk tk ldsxkA

fn bl fufeUgravek ekax fd tkus ij jkVordfifr dks g ccedilrhr gksrk gSS fd fdlh jkT dh tula[k dk ikZIr Hkkx g pkgrk gS fd mlds kjk cksyh tkus okyh Hkkkk dks jkT kjk ekUrk nh tk rks og funsk ns ldsxk fd slh Hkkkk dks Hkh ml jkT esa loZ= k mlds fdlh Hkkx esa sls ccedilkstu ds fy] tks og fofufnZV djs] kkldh ekUrk nh tkA

frac141frac12 bl Hkkx ds iwoZxkeh micakksa esa fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq Hkh] tc rd laln~ fofk kjk vUFkk micak u djs rc rdampamp

frac14dfrac12 mPpre Ukky vkSj ccedilRsd mPp Ukky esa lHkh dkZokfgka vaxzsth Hkkkk esa gksaxh]

frac14[kfrac12 frac14ifrac12 laln~ ds ccedilRsd lnu k fdlh jkT ds fokkuampeaMy ds lnu k ccedilRsd lnu esa iqjLFkkfir fd tkus okys lHkh foksdksa k ccedilLrkfor fd tkus okys muds lakkskuksa ds]

frac14iifrac12 laln k fdlh jkT ds fokkuampeaMy kjk ikfjr lHkh vfkfueksa ds vkSj jkVordfifr k fdlh jkT ds jkTiky kjk ccedil[kfir lHkh vknskksa ds]

frac14iiifrac12 bl lafokku ds vkhu vFkok laln k fdlh jkT ds fokkuampeaMy kjk cukbZ xbZ fdlh fofk ds vkhu fudkys x k cuk x lHkh vknskksa] fueksa] fofueksa vkSj mifofkksa ds] ccedilkfkmdashr ikB vaxzsth Hkkkk esa gksaxsA

frac142frac12 [kaMfrac141frac12 ds mi[kaM frac14dfrac12 esa fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq Hkh] fdlh jkT dk jkTiky jkVordfifr dh iwoZ lgefr ls ml mPp Ukky dh dkZokfgksa esa] ftldk eq[ LFkku ml jkT esa gS] fgUnh Hkkkk dk k ml jkT ds kkldh ccedilkstuksa ds fy ccedilksx gksus okyh fdlh vU Hkkkk dk ccedilksx ccedilkfkmdashr dj ldsxk

ijarq bl [kaM dh dksbZ ckr sls mPp Ukky kjk fn x fdlh fukZ] fMOslashh k vknsk dks ykxw ugha gksxhA

vk 2 ccedilknsfkd Hkkkka

vuqPNsn 345 jkT dh jktHkkkk k jktHkkkka

vuqPNsn 346 d jkT vkSj nwljs jkT ds chp k fdlh jkT vkSj lak ds chp i=kfn dh jktHkkkk

vuqPNsn 347 fdlh jkT dh tula[k ds fdlh Hkkx kjk cksyh tkus okyh Hkkkk ds lacak esa foksk micak

vk 3 mPpre Ukky] mPp Ukkyksa vkfn dh Hkkkk

vuqPNsn 348 mPpre Ukky vkSj mPp Ukkyksa esa vkSj vfkfueksa] foksdksa vkfn ds fy ccedilksx dh tkus oky Hkkkk

37

frac143frac12 [kaM frac141frac12 ds mi[kaM frac14[kfrac12 esa fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq Hkh] tgka fdlh jkT ds fokkuampeaMy us] ml fokkuampeaMy esa iquLFkkfir foksdksa k mlds kjk ikfjr vfkfueksa esa vFkok ml jkT ds jkTiky kjk ccedil[kfir vknskksa esa vFkok ml mi[kaM ds iSjk frac14ivfrac12 esa fufnZV fdlh vknsk] fue] fofue k mifofk esa ccedilksx ds fy vaxzsth Hkkkk ls fHkUu dksbZ Hkkkk fofgr dh gS ogka ml jkT ds jkti= esa ml jkT ds jkTiky ds ccedilkfkdkj ls ccedildkfkr vaxzsth Hkkkk esa mldk vuqokn bl vuqPNsn ds vkhu mldk vaxzsth Hkkkk esa ccedilkfkmdashr ikB legtk tkxkA

bl lafokku ds ccedilkjaHk ls iaaeligg okZ dh vofk ds nkSjku] vuqPNsn 348 ds [kaM frac141frac12 esa mfYyf[kr fdlh ccedilkstu ds fy ccedilksx dh tkus okyh Hkkkk ds fy micak djus okyk dksbZ foksd k lakksku laln ds fdlh lnu esa jkVordfifr dh iwoZ eatwjh ds fcuk iquLFkkfir k ccedilLrkfor ugha fdk tkxk vkSj jkVordfifr fdlh sls foksd dks iquLFkkfir k fdlh sls lakksku dks ccedilLrkfor fd tkus dh eatwjh vuqPNsn 344 ds [kaM frac141frac12 ds vkhu xfBr vkksx dh flQkfjkksa ij vkSj ml vuqPNsn ds [kaM frac144frac12 ds vkhu xfBr lfefr ds ccedilfrosnu ij fopkj djus ds ipkRk gh nsxk] vUFkk ughaA

ccedilRsd Ofauml fdlh OFkk ds fuokjk ds fy lak k jkT ds fdlh vfkdkjh k ccedilkfkdkjh dks] FkkfLFkfr] lak esa k jkT esa ccedilksx gksus okyh fdlh

Hkkkk esa vHkosnu nsus dk gdnkj gksxkA

ccedilRsd jkT vkSj jkT ds Hkhrj ccedilRsd LFkkuh ccedilkfkdkjh HkkkkbZ vYila[dampoxksaZ ds ckydksa dks fkkk ds ccedilkFkfed Lrj ij ekr`Hkkkk esa fkkk dh

ikZIr lqfokkvksa dh OoLFkk djus dk ccedilkl djsxk vkSj jkVordfifr fdlh jkT dks sls funsk ns ldsxk tks og slh lqfokkvksa dk micak lqfufpr

djkus ds fy vkod k mfpr legtrk gSA

frac141frac12 HkkkkbZ vYila[dampoxksaZ ds fy d foksk vfkdkjh gksxk ftls jkVordfifr fuqauml djsxkA

frac142frac12 foksk vfkdkjh dk g drZO gksxk fd og bl lafokku ds vkhu HkkkkbZ vYila[dampoxksaZ ds fy micafkr jkksikksa ls lacafkr lHkh fokksa dk

vUoskk djs vkSj mu fokksa ds lacak esa sls varjkyksa ij tks jkVordfifr fufnZV djs] jkVordfifr dks ccedilfrosnu ns vkSj jkVordfifr sls lHkh ccedilfrosnuksa dks

laln~ ds ccedilRsd lnu ds lek j[kokxk vkSj lacafkr jkTksa dh ljdkjksa dks fHktokxkA

lak dk g drZO gksxk fd og fganh Hkkkk dk ccedillkj clt+k] mldk fodkl djs ftlls og Hkkjr dh lkekfld laLmdashfr ds lHkh rRoksa dh vfHkOfauml dk

eke cu lds vkSj mldh ccedilmdashfr esa gLrksi fd fcuk fganqLrkuh esa vkSj vkBoha vuqlwph esa fofufnZV Hkkjr dh vU Hkkkkvksa esa ccedilqauml i] kSyh

vkSj inksa dks vkRelkr djrs gq vkSj tgka vkod k okaNuh gks ogka mlds kCnampHkaMkj ds fy eq[r laLmdashr ls vkSj xkSkr vU Hkkkkvksa ls

kCn xzgk djrs gq mldh le`f) lqfufpr djsA

oLrqr jktHkkkk] frac14fganhfrac12 ls lacafkr laoSkkfud ccedilkokkuksa ds gh rgr lkafofkd micakksa ds vuqikyu dks lqfufpr djus rFkk lehkk djus oa lak ds

kkldh ccedilkstu gsrq jktHkkkk frac14fganhfrac12 ds ccedilxkeh ccedilksx] ccedilpkjampccedillkj ds miacutes ls Hkkjr ljdkj ds x`gea=ky ds d Lora= foHkkx ds I esa lu~ 1975

esa jktHkkkk foHkkx dh LFkkiuk dh xbZA ftldk fotu gS jktHkkkk lacakh lkafokkfud vkSj lkafofkd micakksa ds vuqlkj lak ds kkldh ccedilkstu ds

fy fganh ds ccedilxkeh ccedilksx gsrq dkZke ifjosrsquok rSkj djuk ftlls fganh nsk dh lkekfld laLmdashfr ds leLr rRoksa dh vfHkOfauml dk eke cu ldsA

jktHkkkk ccedildksB

vuqPNsn 349 Hkkkk ls lacafkr dqN fofkka vfkfufer djus ds fy foksk ccedilfOslashk

vk 4 foksk funskvuqPNsn 350 OFkk ds fuokjk ds fy vHkosnu esa ccedilksx dh tkus okyh Hkkkk

vuqPNsn 350 d ccedilkFkfed Lrj ij ekr`Hkkkk esa fkkk dh lqfokka

vuqPNsn 350 [k HkkkkbZ vYila[dampoxksaZ ds fy foksk vfkdkjh

vuqPNsn 351 fganh Hkkkk ds fodkl ds fy funsk

varLk~


38

varLk~

drZO ikyujktk foOslashe csrky ls cksysamprqEgkjs giexcllus dk dkjk Dk gS eSaus slk Dk fdk gS tks rqe gal jgs gks

bl ij csrky cksykamp gs jktk foOslashe eSa rqEgkjh ckr ij ugha] oju nqfuk ds yksxksa ij galk gwiexclA bldk viuk d dkjk gSA lquks] eSa rqEgsa

d dgkuh lqukrk gwiexclA dgkuh lqudj rqe Uk dh ckr djukA

jktk foOslashe geskk dh Hkkiexclfr [kkeksk jgs vkSj csrky mUgsa dgkuh lqukus yxkA

csrky cksykamp eynsk dk jktk lejthr cM+k ohj vkSj foku FkkA mlds jkT esa pUaeligefk uked d egklsB jgrk FkkA d fnu d

njckjh us vkdj jktk ls dgkampegkjkt gqDe gks rks d ckr fuosnu diexclA

dgks jktk cksykA

vUunkrk gekjs jkT ds egklsB pUaeligefk dh iq=h efkekyk vRar iorh gSA mlds leku lqanjh kkn vkSj dksbZ ugha gSA og fookg

ksX gks xbZ gSA esjk [ky gS] vki mlls fookg djds jfuokl dh kksHkk clt+kaA

lqudj jktk lejthr us viuh lEefr nhamp vxj og okLro esa vuqie lqUnjh gS] rks tj jkuh cuk ysaxsA

njckjh ds tkus ds ckn jktk lejthr us viuh fooLr lsfodk dks cqykk vkSj dgkamp lquks rqe gekjh lcls fooLr lsfodk gksA gesa

d lR dk irk yxkdj [kcj nks A

vkKk djsa egkjkt nsodh cksyh A

ldquogekjs egklsB pUaeligefk dh dUk efkekyk vRar iorh gSA og gekjs variqj ds ksX gS k ugha bldk irk djds lwpuk nsukArdquo

lquk rks eSaus Hkh gS] egkjkt ij ns[kk ugha gS] A

vc ns[kdj irk djksA

nklh jktk dh vkKk fkjkskkZ dj py iM+hA og egklsB pUaeligefk ds fuokl ij vkbZA mlus efkekyk dks ns[kkA tc nklh us efkekyk dks

ns[kk rks og mls ns[krh gh jg xbZA tSlk mlus lquk Fkk] mlls dgha vfkd iorh Fkh ogA mldk i ns[kdj og gSjku jg xbZA jktk

lejthr ds variqj dh ccedilRsd jkuh mlds vkxs Qhdh FkhA efkekyk dks ns[kdj og ykSV vkbZA

mlus efkekyk dk iampjax ns[kdj fukZ fdk fd fn og vius drZO dk ikyu djrh gS vkSj lR ckr jktk ls dg nsrh gS rks jktk

efkekyk dks variqj esa ys vkxkA fQj og Hkksxampfoykl vkSj jkxampjax esa Mwc tkxkA bl rjg rks lkjk jktdkt gh pkSiV gks tkxkA

ijelqanjh efkekyk ds ikl ls og d iy ds fy Hkh u gVsxkA

mlus okil vkdj lejthr ls eqykdkr dhA

ns[k vkbZa

gkiexcl egkjkt mlus dgkA

dSlh gS

vijkk kek gks egkjkt mlus dgkA vkids variqj dh lHkh jkfukiexcl mlls vPNh gSaA

rc jgu nksA

jktk us viuk fopkj cny fnkA bl chp lsB paaeligefk dks bl ckr dk irk yxk fd jktk us mldh dUk dks ns[kus ds fy viuh

foksk lsfodk dks Hkstk FkkA og jktk ds ikl xk vkSj mudks lgkZ viuh dUk nsus ds fy ccedilLrqr gks xk] ij jktk us badkj dj fnkA

egklsB paaeligefk fujkk o nq[kh gksdj ykSV vkkA

rc mlus viuh dUk dk fookg jktk ds njckjh mdashkkuan ls dj fnkA mdashkkuan mldks iRuh cukdj lq[kiwoZd jgus yxkA

ckycUgravekhlhckycUgravekhlhykq dFkk

39

varLk~

gs jktk foOslashe dqN le ckn jktk lejthr uxj Hkzek dks fudykA tc og mdashkkuan ds egy ds lkeus ls fudyk rks

nwljh eafty dh f[kM+dh ij d vRar iorh L=h dks ns[kdj ogha [kM+k jg xkA mls fookl ugh gks jgk Fkk fd og dksbZ vIljk gS

k nsodUkA kksM+s ij lokj jktk mls ns[krk jg xkA mldk i ns[kdj og cspSu gks xkA

og jktegu okil vkkA mls pSu ugha iM+ jgk FkkA mlus vius flikfgksa ls iwNkampog L=h dkSu Fkh

flikfgksa us irk djds crykk fd og mdashkkuan dh iRuh gSA jktk lejthr viuk dystk Fkkedj jg xkA tc mdashkkuan dks bldk

irk pyk fd jktk us mldh iRuh ds ckjs esa iwNrkN dh gS] rks og lhks jktk lejthr ds ikl vkkA

jktk lejthr us iwNkampDk og rqEgkjh iRuh gS

gkiexcl] vUunkrk

lejthr gksaB dkVus yxkA mdashkkuan cksykampTHORNegkjkt og egklsB paaeligefk dh csVh gSAszlig

jktk pkSad xkampDk dgkA

THORNgkiexcl egkjkt tc vkius mlls fookg djus ls bUdkj dj fnk rks eSaus dj fykAszlig

jktk gSjku jg xkA mlus rRdky mlh lsfodk dks cqykkA

THORNrqeus gtwB Dksa cksykszlig

lsfodk uezrkiwoZd cksyhampTHORNvUunkrk vxj eSa lR dgrh rks vki mlls fookg dj ysrs vkSj jkxampjax esa Mwc tkrsA fQj lkjk jktdkt

kjk jg tkrkA vius bl drZO ds vkxs eSaus LokfeHkfauml dk ifjp ugha fnkszlig

jktk vkx ccwyk gks xkA mlus rqjUr lsfodk dks ekSr ds kkV mrkjus dk vknsk fnkA mdashkkuan lc lqu jgk FkkA

og cksykampTHORNvUunkrk bls vki ltk u nsaA eSa efkekyk vkidks nsus ds fy rSkj gwiexclAszlig

THORNeSa ijkh L=h dks gkFk ugha yxkrkAszlig jktk us dgkA

lsfodk ds fxM+fxM+kus ij jktk lejthr us mls nsk fudkyk ns fnkA

vc cksyks jktk foOslashe Dk blesa lpeqp lsfodk dk nksk FkkDk mlus iki ugha fdkszlig

jktk foOslashe cksysamp THORNnsrsquokHkfauml LokfeHkfauml ls cM+k drZO gSA lsfodk us LokfeHkfauml dk ifjp u nsdj vijkk tj fdk Fkk ysfdu] g

vijkk mlus drZO ikyu dks ns[krs gq fdk FkkA bl dkjk jktk lejthr us nsodh dks nsk fudkyk nsdj vijkk fdk gSAszlig

foOslashe dh ckr lqudj csrky vecircgkl dj mBkA og cksykamprqEgkjk dguk Bhd gS foOslashe exj eSa pykAszlig

fQj og daks ls dwn dj Hkkx NwVk vkSj lhks mlh isM+ ij tkdj yVd xkA

lkHkkjfoOslashe csrky

40

varLk~

ukfHkdh AringtkZ lajkk esa fukedrk dk egRo

1 ukfHkdh AringtkZ vifjgkZ

2 ukfHkdh AringtkZ esa lajkk

3 ukfHkdh AringtkZ esa fukedrk

ukfHkdh AringtkZ vkt ds lanHkZ esa vifjgkZ gks xbZ gSA Hkkjr ikjaifjd AringtkZ ds lzksr lhfer gSaA nsk esa dksyk djhc 180 fcfyu Vu gSA rsy o ccedilkmdashfrd xSl 12 fcfyu Vu dksys ds cjkcj gSA gkMordfks ls djhc 0-

18 fcfyu Vu dksys ds cjkcj fctyh mRikfnr dh tk ldrh gSA wjsfue tks fd Hkkjr esa 110]000 Vu ds djhc gS] mlls 330 fcfyu Vu dksys ds cjkcj AringtkZ ccedilkIr dh tk ldrh gSA Fkksfje] Hkkjr esa 320]000 Vu ds djhc vkSj blls djhc 1000 fcfyu Vu dksys ds cjkcj AringtkZ ccedilkIr dh tk ldrh gSA uohdjkh AringtkZ lzksr tSls fd lwZ] okq] HkwxHkZ] biomass] vkfn dk viuk egRo gSA ysfdu budk ksxnku lnSo iwjd AringtkZ ds Ik esa gh jgsxkA vr bu rFksa ls lqfufpr gks tkrk gS fd Hkkjr esa AringtkZ ds lkekU lzksr cgqr lhfer gSA nwjxkeh AringtkZ-ccedilkfIr dk gy] ukfHkdh AringtkZ-lzksrksa ls gh iwjk gks ldrk gSA blfys tSlk igys dgk xk gS] ukfHkdh AringtkZ vifjgkZ gSA

ukfHkdh AringtkZ mRiknu esa jsfMkskehZ inkFkZ iSnk gksrs gSa ftuesa ls vYQk] chVk rFkk xkek fdjksa fudyrh gSaA s fdjksa d fufrsquopr ek=k ls Tknk gksus ij] dkfeZdksa] vke turk rFkk ikZojk dks gkfu igqiexclpk ldrh gSaA vr vkodrk bl ckr dh gS fd ukfHkdh AringtkZ esa lajkk ds os lHkh mik fds tka ftlls fd jsfMkskehZ inkFkZ fjDVj dh lkekU voLFkk k nqkZVuk dh voLFkk esa] dkfeZdksa] vke turk rFkk ikZojk dks dksbZ gkfu u igqiexclpk ldsaA vr ukfHkdh fjDVjksa esa jsfMkskehZ inkFkksaZ o ikZojk ds chp dbZ vojksk yxks tkrs gSaA tSls fd bZku ds pkjksa vksj vkojk] can ccedilkFkfed Aringek laogu ra= o fjDVj HkouA blds vykok vfHkdYiu] fuekZk] dehku rFkk ccedilpkyu esa xgu ccedilfrjkk frac14defence in depthfrac12 ds fl)karksa dks viukk tkrk gSA igys Lrj dh lajkk esa os lHkh mik fds tkrs gS ftlls fd fjDVj esa dksbZ deh mRiUu gks Hkh tks rks mldk irk yx lds vkSj fjDVj dks fcuk dksbZ gkfu igqiexclpkiexcl ml ij mfpr dkZokgh dh tk ldsA rhljs Lrj ij g ccedilkl fdk tkrk gS fd fn bu lc ds ckotwn Hkh jsfMkskehZ inkFkZ bZaku o can ccedilkFkfed Aringek lrsgu ra= ls ckgj vk tkrs gSa rks mls fjDVj Hkou ds ckgj vke turk rFkk ikZojk rd d fufpr lhek ls vfkd ek=k esa u igqiexclpus fnk tkA

lekt dh mu lHkh xfrfofkksa esa tks lekt ds fy =klnkd gks ldrh gaS] rFkk tks mfpr Ik ls miksx u djus ij gkfudkjd Hkh gks ldrh gaS]

muds fy fukedrk dh vkodrk gksrh gSaA ukfHkdh AringtkZ ds miksx esa Hkh slk gh gSA vr Hkkjr ljdkj us ukfHkdh AringtkZ o fofdjk lajkk dh fukedrk ds fy 1983 esa ijekkq AringtkZ fuked ifjkn frac14iAringfuifrac12 dh LFkkiuk dhA g LFkkiuk ijekkq AringtkZ vfkfue] 1962 dh kkjk 27 esa fufgr kfaumlksa dk ccedilksx djrs gq dh xbZ gS vkSj blds lajkk o fukedrk dkZ o vfkdkj ks=] vfkfue dh kkjk 16] 17 o 23 esa nkkZs xs vkkkj ij dh xh gSA

orZeku esa ijekkq AringtkZ fuked ifjkn ds vfkdkj ks= esa 20 ccedilpkfyr ijekkq fctyhkj 2 vuqlakku fjDVj rFkk 7 ukfHkdh fo|qr ifjkstukvksa dh lajkk fuxjkuh dk mUgravekjnkfRo vkrk gSA blds vfrfjauml iAringfui ds mUgravekjnkfRoksa esa] fjDVj ls lacafkr bZaku pOslash lqfokka rFkk lacafkr laLFkkuksa tSls fd wjsfue dkWjiksjsku vkWQ bafMk fy-] bafMu jsvj vFkZ fy-] ukfHkdh bZku lafeJ ijekkq [kfut vUoskk ccedilksxkkyka] bysDVordfkfud dkWjiksjsku vkWQ bafMk fy-] Hkkjh ikuh laa=] jktk jeUuk ccedilxr ccedilkS|ksfxdh dsUaelig vkfn esa lajkk ccedilkokkuksa dk ccedilorZu djuk Hkh lfEefyr gSA ijekkq AringtkZ fuked ifjkn ds vfkdkj ks= esa fofdjk lajkk ls lacafkr xkek fdjkd] dk Rojd] fofdjk mipkj dsUaelig] ukfHkdh vkSkk ccedilksxkkyka] fofdjk ccedilfrjkk vekiu] vkS|ksfxdh jsfMks fp=k laLFkku] UwDyh ccedilfOslashk fua=k laLFkkiuka] kSkfkd oa vuqlakku laLFkku] uSnkfud Dlampjs laLFkkiukiexcl vkfn Hkh kkfey gaSA

ijekkq AringtkZ lajkk fukedrk] vfHkdYiuk ls ysdj laa= LFky pu] fuekZk] dehku rFkk ccedilpkyu rd ykxw dh tkrh gSA dqN Lrjksa ij] ftu ij eq[ i ls fukedrk visfkr gksrh gS] dk okZu uhps fnk xk gSA

ijekkq AringtkZ laa= mUgha txgksa ij LFkkfir fds tkrs gSa tgkiexcl ij ccedilkmdashfrd kVuk tSls fd Hkwdai] cklt+] rwQku vkfn vkus dh laHkkouk de gksA LFky ds vklikl Hkkjh m|ksx u gksa rFkk gokbZampvigraves Hkh LFkkfir ugha gksus pkfgA laa= LFky ls lacafkr lHkh igyqvksa ij UwfDyj ikWoj dkWjiksjsku vkWQ bafMk frac14NPCILfrac12] tks fd ijekkq AringtkZ ds ccedilksx ls lacafkr lHkh fOslashkvksa ds fy ftEesnkj gS] d ccedilfrosnu rSkj djrh gSaA ccedilfrosnu dh lehkk o ewYkadu dk dkZ iAringfui kjk LFkkfir d lfefr kjk fdk tkrk gSA laa= LFky ds lHkh vfHkykk] iAringfui ds

1 vfkdkj ks=

2 dkZks=

(d) laa= LFky pu

rduhdh ys[k

41

varLk~

rduhdh ys[klafgrk frac14dksMfrac12 esa fns xs vfHkykkksa ds ewYkadu ij [kjs mrjus pkfgA UkfDyj ikWoj d vkSj ccedilfrosnu ikZojk ccedilHkko vkadu] rSkj djrh gSA bl ccedilfrosnu dh lehkk ikZojk o ou ea=ky djrk gSA lHkh igyqvksa dh lehkk ds ckn g ea=ky LFky-pu dh eatwjh nsrk gSA eq[ rkSj ij ge g dg ldrs gSa fd laa= gsrq LFky pu esa g lqfufpr fdk tkrk gS fd laa= ikZojk ij nqccedilHkko rks ugha NksM+rk vkSj LFky laa= ds fy miqauml gSA

UwfDyj iWkoj dWkjiksjsku vkWQ bafMk fy- lajkk foyskk ccedilfrosnu rSkj djrh gSA bl ccedilfrosnu esa laa= dh vfHkdYiuk dk vkkkj] rjgamprjg dh lfEefJr o dfYir kVukvksa dk iwjk CkSjk o lajkk foyskk gksrk gSA bl ccedilfrosnu dh lehkk iAringfui dh rhu Lrjh lfefrksa kjk dh tkrh gSA igys Lrj ij laa= vfHkdYiuk lajkk lfeframpvfHkdYiuk oa lajkkampfoyskk ls lacafkr ccedilfrfonuksa dh lehkk djrh gSA bl lfefr dh flQkfjk ijkekZ lfefr kjk ewYkafdr dh tkrh gSA var esa bu nksuksa lfefrksa dh jk dks ku esa j[k dj ifjkn lacafkr fokksa ij vuqKk i= frac14ykblsalfrac12 nsrh gSA

g og ccedilfdk gS ftlesa fufeZr laa= ds lHkh iqtksaZ rFkk midjkksa dks ccedilksx esa ykk tkrk gS vkSj bl ckr dh iqfV dh tkrh gS fd budk vuqikyu slk gh gS tSls dh fuekZk ds le vfHkdfYir fdk xk FkkA

ccedilpkfyr laa=ksa ds ccedilpkyu esa lajkk uhfr vknsk ds fuEufyf[kr eq[ miacutes gSa (1) laa= ccedilpkyu ds nkSjku] laxBu dh ccedilHkkodrk gsrq

xqkoUgravekk vkoklu dh fujarj tkiexclp] (2) ccedilpkyu oa vuqjkk ds nkSjku] oSKkfud oa rduhdh ccedilcaku oa ccedilfOslashk esa mPp lajkk ekudksa dks ccedilkIr djuk] (3) xSlh oa aeligoh cfgL=koksa dk mfpr ccedilcaku oa lrr~ ekuhVfjaxA

fjDVj ccedilpkyu ls lacafkr lajkk o lehkk lacafkr lHkh ekeyksa dks cgqamplfefr Lrj ij tkiexclpk tkrk gS vkSj mfpr fukZ fys tkrs gSaA

iqujhkk oa vkod fukZksa ds fy laa=ksa ds ccedilpkyu esa iAringfui dks lajkk lacakh kVukvksa ds ckjs dks lwfpr djus ds fy d i)fr

([k) fuekZk

(x) dehku

(k) ccedilpkyu

frac14Ifrac12 eq[ miacutes

frac14IIfrac12 lehkk ra=

frac14IIIfrac12 lajkk lacafkr kVuka

fodflr dh xbZ gSA tc dHkh dksbZ kVuk kVrh gS rks laa=ampccedilcaku d egRoiwkZ ljakkampkVukampfjiksVZ tkjh djrk gSA bl fjiksVZ dh lajkk lfefr kjk lehkk dh tkrh gSA blls slh i)fr fodflr gksrh ftlls fd bl ccedildkj dh kVuk vkxs u gksA

fo|qr laa=ksa ds ccedilpkyu ds fy ccedilkfkdjk dk uohuhdjk ccedilpkyu ds ikiexclp okZ ckn fdk tkrk gS rFkk g uohuhdjk fuked fudk kjk lajkk oa fodjkh dkZfuiknu dh foLr`r lehkk ds ckn fdk tkrk gSA fuked fudk kjk nl okZ esa d ckj blls Hkh vfkd foLr`r lehkk dh tkrh gS ftls lkofkd lajkk lehkk dgk tkrk gSA bl lehkk ds varxZr lajkk dk ewYkadu fdk tkrk gS ftlesa lajkkampekudksa oa ccedilpkyu ccedilksx esa lqkkj] laa= dky ccedilHkkou ds laph ifjkke] lakksku] ccedilpkyu] vuqHko oa ccedilkS|ksfxdh esa fodkl lfEefyr gSA

fctyhkj esa ccedilpkyu lhekvksa vkSj ifjfLFkfrksa ls lacafkr igyqvksa ds vuqikyu ds lRkiu ds fy vkWfMV dkZOslashe fdk tkrk gSA fuked fudk okZ esa nks ckj fuked viskkvksa ds vuqikyu dh iqfV ds fy fujhkk djrk gSA fufer fujhkkksa ds vfrfjauml foksk ccedildkj ds fuked fujhkk Hkh fds tkrs gSaA buesa eq[r fuEu igyqvksa ij ku fnk tkrk gSA

(i) ccedilkpkyu] vuqjkk o xqkoUgravekk vkoklu dk vkWfMVA

(ii) rduhdh fofunsZkksa rFkk vU ykbZlsaflax nLrkost ls vuqdjk djukA

(iii) fofHkUu fuked flQkfjkksa dk vuqikyu

(iv) leqfpr ykblsal ccedilkIr LVWkQ dh fuqfDr

(v) LokLF] lajkk oa lajkk ls lacafkr ccedilkkfykiexcl

(vi) fofdjk ccedilkkyh rFkk Okogkfjd Uwure ccedilkIr lhek

(vii) vkikrfLFkfr ls fuiVus dh rSkjh

iAringfui fujUrj ukfHkdh AringtkZ laa=ksa dh lajkk voLFkk ekWuhVj djrh jgrh gSA mnkgjkkFkZ fuEu lajkk dkZ fuiknu rjhds] laa=ksa dh lajkk-fLFkfr dk ewYkadu djus esa enn djrs gSa

(i) lajkk ls lacafkr egRoiwkZ kVuka rFkk mudh varjkZVordfh ukfHkdh kVuk iSekus ij njA

frac14 frac12 ccedilpkyu dk ccedilkfkdjk

frac14Vfrac12 vkWfMV dkZOslashe o fuked fujhkk

frac14VIfrac12 lajkk dkZ fuiknu

IV

42

varLk~

rduhdh ys[k(ii) dkfeZdksa ij oSfaumld fofdjk mn~HkkluA

(iii) ikZojk rFkk yksxksa esa fofdjk dh ek=kA

mnkgjkkFkZ dqN eq[ ekeys o mu ij gq dkZ uhps fns xs gSa-

iqjkus fjDVjksa esa] nkc uyh ftjDykj dh cuh gksrh gSA g ns[kk xk gS fd ftjDykj gkbMordfkstu dks fjDVj ds ikZojk ls ysrh gS vkSj blls buds xqkksa esa deh vk tkrh gSA blfy blls igys fd s uyh [kjkc gksa] bldh gkbZMordfkstu idM+us dh xfr dk fujhkk fdk tkrk gS vkSj buds nwljs xqkksa dk Hkh vu fdk tkrk gSA bl vu ds ifjkkeampLoi nkc uyh ftjdksfueampfuksfcu inkFkZ ls cny nh tkrh gSA bl us inkFkZ dh Vicircwc esa gkbMordfkstu dh idM+ de gksrh gSA vkt dh rkjh[k esa nsrsquok ds lHkh iqjkus fjDVjksa esa s nkc uyh cny nh xh gSA

furdkfyd iqujhkk ds vkkkj ij iqjkus fjDVjksa esa fuEu ccedildkj ds lqkkj fds xs gSaA

jktLFkku vkWVksfed ikWoj IykaV esa d uk mPp nkfcr Hkkjh ikuh lsquokhryd yxkk xk gSA g d vfrfjauml lajkk lajpuk gS tks dksj esa Hkkjh ikuh dks mPp nkc esa Hkstrh gSA g fjDVj dks kq esa BaMk djus ds dke vkrk gS gkykiexclfd yEcs le rd fjDVj dks BaMk djus ds fy igys ls gh d nwljh fuEu nkc eand ccedilkkyh miyCk gSA

jktLFkku rFkk eaeligkl vkWVksfed ikoj IykUV esa d vkSj fua=k dk cukk xk gS ftlls fd eq[ fua=k dk esa vkx vkfn yxus ij g nwljk fua=k dk lqjfkr jgs vkSj dke vk ldsA

bu nksuksa esa ikoj o fua=k dscy dks Hkh vyx dj fnk xk gS ftlls vkx vkfn yxus ij nksuksa rjg dh dscy d lkFk [kjkc u gksA

jktLFkku vkWVksesfVd ikWoj IykUV esa d vkSj Mhty tujsVj dk ccedilcak fdk xk gS vkSj mldks AringapkbZ ij j[kk xk gSA ftlls fctyh u jgus ij blds kjk fctyh miyCk jgsA

rkjkiqj fjDVj ds ykblsal dk uohuhdjk fuEu lehkkvksa ds vkkkj ij fdk xkA

1 ccedilpkfyr laa=ksa ds ekeys o mu ij dkZ

2 ftjDykj nkc uyh dk dky ccedilHkko ccedilcaku

3 iqjkusamplaa=ksa esa lajkk lqkkj

(I) jktLFkku vkWVksfed ikWoj IykaV

(II) jktLFkku rFkk eaeligkl vkWVksesfVd ikWoj IykUV

jktLFkku vkWVksesfVd ikWoj IykUV

Iuml vfHkdYiu vkkkj oa lajkk foyskk

Iuml ccedilpkyuh fuiknu

Iuml dky ccedilHkkou ccedilcak

Iuml Hkwdaiu dk iquZewYkadu

Iuml laHkkoh lajkk foyskk

miqZDr okZu ls g LiV gks tkrk gS fd Hkkjrh ifjccedils esa Hkkjrh ukfHkdh AringtkZ vifjgkZ gS rFkk bl dkZOslashe esa fukedrk dk foksk egRo gSA laa= LFky pu ls ysdjz fjDVj ds fuekZk rFkk dehku ds le rd fukedrk vfuokZ gS vkSj ccedilpkfyr laa=ksa esa Hkh fujarj laa=ksa ds fujhkk o vuqjkk dh vkodrk gSA ijekkq AringtkZ fuked ifjkn] ccedilpkyu ccedilekkksa dk ewYkadu djds bu vkkkjksa ij lajkk ekinaMksa dks rSkj dj ijekkq AringtkZ laa=ksa esa foksk lajkk ds mikksa dk ccedilksx djrh gSA iqjkus fjDVjksa esa uohu lajkk ijekkd dkkZfUor fds xs gSaA buls lajkk lqkkj gq gSaA

lkjkak

izksQslj vkseiky flagvfrfFk ladk

43

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k

vkLFkk ds lUnHkZ esa oSKkfud rdZ fdrus lqlaxr keZampfoKku vFkok foKku ls tfurampvkLFkk ds ikjLifjd lEcUk ds ckjs

esa lnk ls bl vkk dh d cgl pyrh vkh gS fd kkfeZd i`rdquoBHkwfe ds

vUrxZr vokkfjr fofHkUu ifjikfVkiexcl] deZdkM] OoLFkksa oa lfUue

fdl lhek rd foKkuamplEer gSa bl lEcUk esa egRoiwkZ rF g gS fd

vkLFkk k fookl d slk lUnHkZ gS tks lkekU Ik ls oSKkfud

rkfdZdrk dh dlkSfVksa ij ugha ij[kk tk ldrk Dksafd blesa vusdkusd

sls izlax lfUufgr gaS tks uSlfxZd Ik ls dsoy fookl ij voyfEcr gSa

ftUgsa g ekudj pyk tkrk gS fd os tSls gSa] oLrqr oSls gh gSa] Fkk

czatildekM dk ifjl`tu] pjampvpj esa izkkampLiUnu] thouampe`Rq o iqutZUe]

deZampizkjCk] bfUnz yksd] ijkykSfdd txr] lkkukamptU izkfIrkiexcl vkSj

lcls ijs ikjesojh lRrkA vkt lc HkyhampHkkiexclfr i ls tkurs gSa fd

[kxksy foKku] HkkSxksfyd foKku] lkekftd foKku] ekuo foKku rFkk

fpfdRlk] vFkZ] izd`fr oa uhfr vkfn foKku dh ukuk fokkvksa ds

lqLFkkfir o o`gn~ vax gSa oa ftudh Loa dh viuh vusd miampkk[kksa

gaSA ysfdu fQj Hkh tc fordquokxr ks= ds ckjs esa fopkj k lehkk dh

fLFkfr vkrh gS rks foKku ks= ds rdZkkL=h mls oSKkfud i`rdquoBHkwfe ds

lqfufpr ekinMksa ij gh vkaduk Lokfkdkj ekurs gS vkSj keZ] vkLFkk

vFkok fookl ds izfr blh ifjizs esa fookn dh fLFkfr cu tkrh gSAfulUnsg] foKku dk ifjks= izd`fr esa iwoZ ls fo|eku rRoksa o rFksa dh

xosrdquokkk rd gh lhfer gSA og bu rRoksa ds ewy] mlesa vU rRoksa dk

dfri vuqikrksa esa lfEeJk] foyu vkfn ds foysrdquokk kjk viuh

kkskksa o vUosrdquokkksa dks d rkfdZd ifjfkfr rd ys tkrk gSA foKku dh

g LokHkkfod izfOslashk gS vkSj sls gh ifjizs esa og rnuqIk bUgha

ekinMksa o izfOslashkvksa ij keZ o vkLFkk tSlsampks=ksa dks Hkh vkadus dh

rRijrk fn[kkrk gSA fn foKku ds lEiwkZ lUnHkZ dk eksVk vkdyu fdk

tks] rks lqLirdquoV gksxk fd foKku us vkt rd lekt dks izd`fr esa iwoZ ls

fo|eku rRoksa ls ijs dqN ugha fnk |fi blds foijhr og bu rRoksa ij

kksk djds lalkj dks fujUrj uoampvUosrdquokk iznku djrk vk jgk gSA

fdUrq gh foKku tc vkLFkk] kkfeZd vokkjkkvksa o fnO lRrkRedrk

ls nksamppkj gksrk gS rks vpkud tSls lc xM~MampeM~M gks tkrk gS] Dksafd

bu vkLFkkvksa dh i`rdquoBHkwfe esa ofkZr dFkkud k vkkfRed n`rdquoVkUr fn

oSKkfud lUnHkksZa ls dgha lkE Hkh j[krs gSa rks Hkh foKku dh qfDrampqDr

viskkvksa ij os cgqkk [kjs ugha mrjrsA QyLoIk oSKkfud rkfdZdrk

mUgsa ekUrk iznku ugha djrhA rks Dk g dgk tks fd vkkfRed

lR k vkLFkksa oSKkfud izfrekuksa ds lkisk vfLrRoghu gS k fd os

fujk feFk k diksyampdfYir gSa vkLFkk] keZ o vkRe fordquokd ltsjksa

ekUrksa] ppkZsa o sls dFkkud k n`rdquoVkUr bl txr esa vke yksxksa dks

loZ= lquus dks fey tkrs gSa ftUgsa foKku lkekU Ik ls viuh dlkSfVksa

ds ifjizs esa vkRelkr k acircnaxe ugha dj ikrk ijUrq muds ewy ls

lEc) k muds HkqDrHkksxh ik=ksa tks vusd izdjkksa esa vfr fo)ku]

fofkrdquoV ks=ksa ds yCkampizfrrdquoB o khjampxEHkhj OfDr Hkh gksrs gSa] ls muds

vuqHkoksa dks lquus ds mijkUr g lekt] gkiexcl rd fd oSKkfud Hkh] bu

ekUrkvksa o n`rdquoVkUrksa ij fookl djus ds fys fook gks tkrs gSaA sls

vusd mnkgjk gSa ftuesa dksbZ laramplkkd lkkl vFkok vukkl lqnhkZ

vofk ds fys lekfkLFk gks xk] fdlh ckyd k OfDr dks vius foxr

thou vFkok fdUgha OfDrksa ls vius xr tUeksa ds lEcUkksa dk Lejk

gks vkk] mls fdlh vijkk ls lEcfUkr lk dk laKku gks xk] fl)

tuksa ds ek= kCnksPpkj] LikZ] vkkhoknZ k rFkkdfFkr ykSfdd Oogkj

ds izfrQy esa fdlh ds vlk jksx o drdquoVksa dk fuokjk gks xk k

fdlh vizRkfkr HkkSfrd vHkhrdquoV dh izfriwfrZ gks xh] Hkkoh ds fordquok esa

fdlh dk vkdfLed mPpkj lglk izRk gksdj QyhHkwr gks xk]

bRkfnampbRkfnA Dk sls lUnHkksZa dh dksbZ oSKkfud Ok[k gks ldrh gS

1920oha lnh esa ds uke ls fo[kr egku ksfxuh lar

dk d slk gh n`rdquoVkar gS ftlesa muds kjk 56 ordquokksZ rd vuojr dksbZ

vkgkj gkiexcl rd fd fdlh is inkFkZ tSls ty dh Hkh d ciexclwn dk lsou

ugh fdk xk tc fd os lnk loZnk iwkZ LoLFk vkSj nsnhIeku rstiqat

ls qDr FkhaA blls brj vusd egku larksa ds mnkgjk gSa ftuesa os lkkuk

ekxZ ds eke ls viuh bl dkk ih HkkSfrd vkojk dk LosPNk ls

ifjRkx djds lekfkLFk gksus esa lke jgsA

Hkkjr ds izfl+) oSKkfud izks0 txnhk pUnz clq kjk viuh kksk ls

izFke ckj g foKku lEer i ls fl) fdk xk fd ouLifrksa esa d

thoUr LiaUnu gS tks muesa lrr~ fo|eku jgrk gSA bl kksk ls Hkkjrh

k dgsa fd fgUnw vkRe dh g fpjampvokkjkk ewrZ gqh ftlds

vuqlkj pj vFkok vpj] lHkh dks izkfkek= ekuk xk gSaA bl rjg g

ns[kk tk ldrk gS fd foKku us le ds vUrjky ds lkFk lalkj esa

fo|eku rRoksa ds lR dh [kkst dh gS ysfdu bu mnkgjkksa ls ckjampckj

cl gh iqrdquoV gksrk gS fd foKku izd`fr ek= esa iwoZ dh fo|ekurk rd gh

fujkgkjk ksfxuh

frac14ksxh dFkke`r dk izdjk

46frac12

44

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k

lhfer gSA pj izkfkksa ds LFkwy vfLrRo dh igpku muds HkkSfrd k

ckaacute vkojk ls gksrh gS ysfdu g kjhj fdl Hkkiexclfr lapfjr oa xfreku

gS] mlds vfLrRo dk mn~xe k lzksr Dk gS] mlesa oakkuqxr kkjhfjd

xqkkoxqk rFkk fofkrdquoVrkvksa ds ewy esa Dk dkjd gSa] bl kjhj esa

fo|eku kkjhfjd desZfUnzksa ls brj KkusfUnzksa dh Dk lRrk gS] dfFkr

izkk rRo ftls fgUnw vkRe k lukru keZ esa +^^vkRek ds uke ls

lEcksfkr fdk xk gS] kjhj esa dSls vkrk gS vkSj kkjhfjd bgyhyk

lekIr gks tkus ds mijkUr kjhj ls fudy dj og dgkiexcl pyk tkrk gS

thou esa HkkSfrd lq[kampnq[k ftudk vUFkk dksbZ dkjk n`frdquoVxkspj ugha

gksrk] Dksa vkSj dSls gSa bRkfn ds fordquoke esa foKku fujUrj vUkdkj esa

gSA dksbZ ugh tkurk fd bu fordquokksa dks og dHkh tku Hkh ldsxk] Dksafd

g lUnHkZ ewyr vkLFkk] keZ k vkkfRed fookl ij vkkkfjr gSA

vkkfRed txr Hkh d i`Fkd ijUrq Lo esa thoUr FkkFkZ gS ftldk

foKku ls ljksdkj dnkfpr gh gksA blh dkjk foKku vius fujUrj

Ruksa ds ckn Hkh bl ks= esa foewlt+rk dh fLFkfr esa cuk gqvk gSaA

foKku us |fi izkfkksa esa ldquothUlrdquo tks mls oakkuqxr vkkkj nsrh gS] ds

fordquok esa [kkst djus dk nkok fdk gS] ftlds vuqlkj og Hkfordquo esa

ekuo ds fodkl esa OslashkfUr dh viskk j[krk gSA ysfdu g fLFkfr l`frdquoV esa

iwoZ ls fo|eku rRo ds fordquok esa gh gSA blls g furdquodrdquokZ fudky ysuk fd

foKku us Loa ldquothUlrdquo dh ewy OqRifRr dk vkkkj k eeZ tku fyk gS]

fdlh izdkj miqDr ugha gSA

egku lUr ksxkuUn ijegal us viuh frh fonsk k=k dky esa

laqDr jkT vesfjdk esa fOslashlel ioZ ds volj ij vius d fiz

fkrdquoHkDr dks HksaV Loi pakWnh dk d fxykl iznku fdk rks fkrdquo dks

lglk Lejk gks vkk fd vusd nkkfCnksa iwoZ tc mlus Lokeh

foosdkuUn ls fkrdquoRo gsrq nhkk ds fy fuosnu fdk Fkk rks mUgksaus nknzZ

gksdj mls vkoLr fdk Fkk fd mlds m)kjd xq mls Hkfordquo esa

fup gh feysaxsA mlds fujUrj vkxzg ij fd og mudks dSls

igpkusxk] Lokeh foosdkuUn us mls crkk Fkk fd mlds os xq mls fdlh

le pkiexclnh dk fxykl HksaV djsaxsA ge

cgqkk slh fLFkfrksa ls nksamppkj gksrs gSa fd MkDVjksa kjk fdlh jksxh k

mlds ifjtuksa dks vfUre i ls dg fnk xk fd mlds cpus dh

lEHkkouksa fuksrdquok gSa] ysfdu bZojh lRRkk ds fdlh Hkh i ds izfr

mlds Loa ds vFkok mlds Lotuksa ds leikZ] vkLFkk o fookl us

frac14ksxh dFkke`r dk izdjk 47frac12

peRdkfjd Ik ls sls jksxh dks iwkZ LoF djrs gqs ekuksa d uothou

iznku dj fnkA MkDVjksa ds sls gh mRrj ij acircnjksx ds vfUre vkkkr

ls xzLr d OfDr] tks egku vokwr lUr fuRkuan dk HkDr Fkk] dks

mlds vkxzg ij tc mlds iq= fuRkuan th ds lek muds nkZukFkZ ys

xs rks mUgksus mls ikl ds igkM+ ij fLFkr d efUnj] ftlesa ltsj lkjh

lhflt+kiexcl Fkha] dh ewfrZksa ds nkZu djds vkus dk funsZk fnk vkSj fQj tSls

vlEHkkO kfVr gks xkA ml OfDr us slk gh fdkA og efUnj dh

lhflt+kiexcl plt+rs gqs Oslashek u dsoy iwkZ LoLFk gks xk vfirq mlds ckn

ikZIrdky rd mlus LoLFk thou Hkh ftkA

bl izlax esa dkfkd n`rdquoVkUrksa dk mYys[k fup gh egRoiwkZ gS

ftuds vUrxZr vrhr dky ls vkLFkk rFkk fookl ij pyh vk jgh

ekUrkvksa dks foKku us yEcs le rd Lohdkj ugha fdk fdUrq tks

dkykUrj esa oSKkfud rkfdZdrkvksa ij FkkFkZ fl) gqhaA fgUnw keZ esa

vke kkjkk gS fd muds _frdquokampeqfu dkyampn`rdquoVk Fks vkSj czaacutekM ds ukuk

lR dks os HkyhampHkkiexclfr i ls tkurs Fks ysfdu os ekuo ek= ds vfLFkj

pfj= o Oogkj dh kkHkaxqjrk ls Hkh iwkZrk voxr FksA blhfys ewy

lR dks loZlkekU ds lek kksfrdquokr djus ds LFkku ij mUgksaus mudks

fgUnw kkfeZd jhframpfjoktksa oa fuRizfr ds lkekU rFkk kkfeZd

fOslashkdykiksa esa lekfgr dj fnk lkFk gh mudks euqrdquo ds lkekU pfj=

esa bl izdkj fijks fnk fd qxampqxkUrjksa rd og buls foeq[k u gks ldsA

bl dM+h dh gh d lkkkjk vokkjkk Fkh fd euqrdquo dks nfkk fnkk dh

vksj iSj djds ugha lksuk pkfgsA bl vokkjkk dks foKku us viuh

dlkSVh ij nhkZ dky rd Lohdkj ugha fdk fdUrq vUrr fpfdRlk

foKku us viuh kksk esa dqN le iwoZ g fl) ikk fd i`Foh dh kzqoh

OoLFkk ds vkhu euqrdquo kjk nfkk fnkk dh vksj iSj djds ku djus

ls mldh jDramplapkj OoLFkk ij foijhr izHkko iM+rk gSA fgUnw vkRe

esa blh Hkkiexclfr Loj czatilde] ukn czatilde oa d fufpr vkjksgkojksg esa

ea=ksPpkj dh kfDrksa tSlh vokkjkksa Hkh vukkl ugha gSa cfYd os

vkfnampdky ls lkkdkas kjk vuqHkwr fds xs fpj lR gSa ftuds ckjs esa

foKku dc k dHkh tku ldsxk] g crk ldus esa dnkfpr gh dksbZ

lke gksA blh rjg egku xzhd nkkZfud lqdjkr us bZlk iwoZ tc izFke

ckj g mn~kksfrdquokr fdk fd i`Foh piVh ugh oju~ xksy gSa vkSj lwZ i`Foh

dh ifjOslashek ugha djrk izRqr i`Foh lwZ dh ifjOslashek djrh gS] rks bls Hkh

yEcs dky rd oSKkfud n`frdquoV ls Lohdkj ugha fdk xk k |fi g

frac14Hkxoku fuRkuUn ls

mn~k`rfrac12

45

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k

rF dkykUrj esa lR fl) gqvkA rkRiZ g gS fd ekuo lekt esa]

foksrdquokr HkkjrordquokZ ds fgUnw lekt esa vkLFkk rFkk fookl ds vkkkj ij

mldh fuR izfr dh kkfeZd ekUrkvksa] deZdkMksa oa Oogkj dh tks

vusd ifjikfVkiexcl o ijEijksa lgL=kfCnksa ls ifjpyu esa gS] mUgsa ek=

bl dkjk udkjs tkus dk dksbZ vkSfpR ugha curk fd os vHkh oSKkfud

dlkSfVksa ij fl) ugha gqh gSa] tc fd oSKkfud lRkUosrdquokkksa ds Oslashe esa os

deh Hkh lR fl) gks ldrh gSaA rFkkfi bldk g vFkZ Hkh ugha gS fd

vkMEcj iwkZ flt+ksa] ifjikfVksa vkSj dqjhfrksa dks ek= vkLFkk vFkok

fookl ds feFk kjkry ij vukod wiexcl gh iksfrdquokr fdk tkrk jgsA

vusd ckj bl izdkj dh cgl k ppkZsa gksrh gSa fd czaacutekM vkSj izd`fr

dk l`tu fdlus fdk gS vkRek k izkk rRo Dk gS] lkjs uk=] rkjs

o xzgmixzg vkfn fdl izdkj viusampvius pOslash o kqjh ij fofufer

gksrs gSa l`frdquoV ds l`tu o foukk dk dkypOslash dgkiexcl ls fuaf=r gksrk gS

bZoj tSlh vn` lŸkk ij lEiwkZ ekuo Dksa lnk loZnk ls fookl

djrk pyk vk jgk gS oa Dksa bl fookl k mldh izkFkZuk k mlds

izfr leiZk ek= ls thou esa vugksuh gks tkrh gS bRkfnampbRkfn ds

fordquok esa foKku dh Dk fLFkfr gS vkSj blh izlax esa vkLFkk rFkk fookl

ds tks dfri mnkgjk iwoZ esa mfYyf[kr fds xs gSa] mudks foKku fdl

n`frdquoVdksk ls xzgk djsxk k Lohdkj dj iksxk] g fup gh

fopkjkh gSA

sls gh ltsjksa n`rdquoVkUr gaS o miqZDr ls ijs vusd mnkgjk gSa ftuds

vUrxZr cgqr dqN slk kfVr gqvk tks lkekU ekuo dks vpfEHkr

djrk jgk gSA og fujUrj mu vusd fLFkfrksa dk xokg cuk gS tgkiexcl

oSKkfud lR ls ijs dgha fdlh vn` lRrk] iqutZUe] bfUnz txr]

fgUnw vkRe dh vokkjkk ds vuqi deZ o izkjCk] psru oa vpsru

lalkj o ijkykSfdd kfDrksa dh vuqHkwfrksa dks yksxksa us thoUr i ls

vuqHkwr fdk gS vkSj tgkiexcl foKku dh rkfdZdrk iwkZr csekuh gks tkrh

gSA rc ge legt ikrs gSa fd foKku dh Dk lheksa gSa rFkk vkLFkk]

kkfeZd fookl] ikjesojh lRrk dh izRkrk oa mldh fojkV

fuLlherk vkSj fokky egklkxj ds lkisk mldk vfLrRo d jtdk

k cwiexcln ds cjkcj Hkh ugha gSA fQj Hkh] ml lRrk ds l`tu dks og

tcamprc gekjs lek ykus esa lQy gksrk jgrk gSA sls esa ekuo ds

lkkkjk ls fookl o bZoj ds izfr vkLFkkamptU vkkeksa dks mlds kjk

vius ekinMksa ls vkaduk fdruk laxr vkSj izklafxd gS] bl ij vki

lqkhtu Loa euu oa fopkj djsa vkSj viusampvius furdquodrdquokZ fudkysa]

lEHkor gh Jsrdquodj gS vkSj dnkfpr bl ys[ku dk vHkhrdquoB HkhA

+

vkyw efgekge yksxksa ds gkWLVy ou esa d esl Hkh gSA

bl ds ckjs esa yksxksa ds dqN xsl Hkh gSaAA

dqN dgrs gSa ftl fnu g ccedilkjEHk gqvk rks vkyw cjlsA

cl fQj Dk Fkk gparars Hkj rd vkyw ijlsA

tks Hkh gks vkyw cuuk] rc ls] bl esl esa y gks xkA

bldk xj viokn feyk] rks legtks esl ls Hkwy gks xkA

dlt+h esa vkyw] lCth esa vkyw] nky esa vkyw] vkyw dh drjhA

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vkyw cM+k] idkSM+k vkyw] cSaxu-vkyw] osQj vkywA

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dgkiexcl ryd fxuok ldrk gwiexcl] d lkS chl dsbquofEcusku gSaA

rhl fnuksa esa pkj o[kr gj d ds fy fQDLM Vkbe gSAA

eSl desVh esa vkus dk d vfuokZ fok vkyw gSA

fiNys ikiexclp lky ls bl ij d fjlpZ pkyw gSAA

vkyw esa dqN us foVkfeu gsbquoLVy ou us ccedilkIr fds gSaA

cM+sampcM+s Qsel dqN vkyw ccedilkbtst+ esa Hkh fns xs gSaAA

vki rkTtqc esa gksaxs] esl ds lhOslashsV dks eSaus dSls tkukA

esl lsOslashsVordfjh dks vkyw f[kyoks] vkSj ccedilkIr dj fysA

vuwi Loi] iwoZ Nk=

okZ 1965amp70 esa jfpr

46

oh0 ih0 xqIrkJe lykgdkj

Acting in good faithlnHkko ls dkZ djrs gq

Adjourn sine dievfufpr dky ds fy LFkfxr djuk

Approved as proposedFkk ccedilLrko vuqeksfnr

As of rightlkfkdkj

Circulate and then fileifjpkfyr dj Qkby djsa

Early orders are solicitedvknsk khkz Hkstus dh mdashik djsa

Expedite actiondkZokgh esa khkzrk djsa

Follow up actionvuqorhZ dkZokgh

Approval may be accordedvuqeksnu ccedilnku dj fnk tk

Preceding notesiwoZorhZ fVIifkkiexcl

Governed by the rulesfueksa kjk kkflr

Copy enclosed for ready reference lqxe lanHkZ ds fy ccedilfrfyfi layXu

dkkZyhu miksxh fVifIkkiexcl

jlkuqHkwfr frac14okRlYfrac12

laidZjktHkkkk ccedildksBHkkjrh ccedilkS|ksfxdh laLFkku dkuiqj frac14m-ccedil-frac12nwjHkkkamp0512amp259amp7122 2596192

bZesyamparunkiitk-ac-in vedpsiitk-ac-in

oj nar dh iaxfr dqandyh vkjkkjampiYyo [kksyu dhA

piyk pedS ku chp txSa Nfc eksfru eky veksyu dhA

kqiexclkjkfj yVSa yVdSa eq[k Aringij dqaMy yksy diksyu dhA

usoNkoj ccedilku djSa rqylh cfy tkAringiexcl yyk bu cksyu dhAA

vfHkdYi-lquhrk flag

varLk~

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ccedildksB ls laidZ dj ldrs gSaA7- ys[k ekSfyd oa FkklaHko vccedildkfkr gksus pkfgA

lampvkHkkjlaiknu eaMy

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ldquovarl~rdquo

ldquovarl~rdquo


12

varLk~


























ewY




13

varLk~

fe=rk



































frac14 frac14




























lkfgR k=k ys[k

14

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k









lp gh dgrs gSa fd















tkrs gSaA

vjs



vius iM+ksflksa














cgksA





















15

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k



bZoj vfLrRoghu gS



vFkok



























j[kk FkkA











gksrk gSA





ls d gSA


16

varLk~



















kaf=d vfHkkaf=dh

gkj dj Hkh thr









dke rks gS s eqfdy]






Hkxoku Loi kekZ

lhfuj Vsduhfku

17

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k

gdhdr




ogh gdhdr gS esjh




























18

varLk~
















dj




dj jgk FkkA






fukkar flag] Nk=


vius flDds

MkW- lehj [kkaMsdj













19

varLk~


mykgukvkt





fQj iwNk

Dk vaks gks

k flklh cans gks


gj xyh] gj lM+d]


Dk xwiexclxs gks













MkW- Hkkjr yksgkuh


20

vkkhk HkVstk] Nk=


varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k











ysrk gwiexclA









































lksp jgk gwiexclA







amp

21

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k








lhek kno







eksjA


























nhik paaeligk

22

varLk~








































































23

varLk~















24

varLk~


futkr ik ldrs gSaA






1-Ofaumlxr dkjk


3-vdknfed vlQyrk




2-



25

varLk~




4- ikfjokfjd

















26

varLk~



eksrh tSls dk cudj]


Nk rqe ckny cudjA



uHk ij tkdj esk cus






























i cny tc fiky x rqe







khry lcdks djrk gSA





iwtk feJk

27


varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k

vkReeaFku




dqN gYdk gks tksA























































28

varLk~

lkfgR k=k dfork





















lykg ns MkyhA












vkdkakk jkuk] Nk=k

dkafr tSu



jghenkl

29

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k



























tkrk gS






















rjg tSls









ukfg

vc

gfj

gSa

eSaSa

ljy HkVukxj

30

varLk~

fganh lkfgR lHkk











varesa ]



31

varLk~

ys[k





















ldrkA

(Good

ckSNkj













jgk gksA






















vkfnR kadj] Nk=

32

varLk~
































viokn Hkh d lR gSA









vkodrk gh Dk gS


















vuqjkx dSFky] Nk=


33

varLk~

vyadkj








kksHkkdkjd keZ gSaA


























^paaeligkyksd



















muds














^lkSanaZy~adkjA







^dkOkyadkj

lsquooSfplaquorsquo


34

varLk~












vkRek ugha fl) fdkA


















^dkOkyadkj

^vyadkj lkjlaxzg

^paaeligyksd

^dqoykuan ^jlxaxkkj

^dfofccedilk


^vyadkj eatwkk










^fo|k nnkfr foue~

35

varLk~

jktHkkkk fganh


vuqPNsn 120

vuqPNsn 210





















36

varLk~























37




















jktHkkkk ccedildksB






varLk~


38

varLk~







dgks jktk cksykA









vc ns[kdj irk djksA








ns[k vkbZa


dSlh gS


rc jgu nksA






39

varLk~








gkiexcl] vUunkrk


















40

varLk~













1 vfkdkj ks=

2 dkZks=

(d) laa= LFky pu

rduhdh ys[k

41

varLk~








([k) fuekZk

(x) dehku

(k) ccedilpkyu



















IV

42

varLk~























lkjkak


43

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k



































































fujkgkjk ksfxuh


46frac12

44

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k







































































mn~k`rfrac12

45

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k




















fopkjkh gSA

















+




















vuwi Loi] iwoZ Nk=


46





As of rightlkfkdkj

















vfHkdYi-lquhrk flag

varLk~

varLk~

lansk


amp

Jh thr fcanzk

amp

(dfork)(dfork)

(dfork)(dfork)

(dfork)

(dfork)

(dfork)



amp 7



d foyskk 23



drZO ikyu 39


foksk

xqnfkkk

c

lkfgRk=k

ljksdkj

ckSNkj

HkkkkampfoekZ

ckycUgravekhlh

rduhdh ys[k

ladsrd


funskd


mifunskd





vfHkdYilquhrk flag


Nkkfp= Jh jfo kqDy


jkd

varl~ ifjokj












k

dks


1

varLk~







ckkbZA

kqHkdkeukvksa lfgr]



2

varLk~

fccedil ikBd]












vkidk viuk

vk dqekj kekZ

ccedilkku laiknd



---

3

varLk~


































































4

varLk~





dj pqdk gSA












jkVordfifr LokZ ind








jktHkkkk ccedildksB





5

6


varLk~











































gS fd g d okD



















phdus ikr


7

varLk~
































xksk fd

ldquoThe land of

opportunityrdquo]





businessrdquo





























8

varLk~






























ldquofo|k


lq[ke~AArdquo

jktHkkkk ccedildksB

9

varLk~



acircnsukijkftr

ldquolkkkRdkjrdquo

ldquoin~eJhrdquo



dgkiexcl ikrs gSa

mldk acircn



















































10

varLk~





















QylQ+k gSA




gkiexcl






gwiexclA






eSaus



































tkrk gS tSls

11

varLk~


































foksk dkjk ugha gSA





















fykrdquo


nsuk pkgsaxsA


ldquovarl~rdquo

ldquovarl~rdquo

ldquovarl~rdquo


12

varLk~


























ewY




13

varLk~

fe=rk



































frac14 frac14




























lkfgR k=k ys[k

14

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k









lp gh dgrs gSa fd















tkrs gSaA

vjs



vius iM+ksflksa














cgksA





















15

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k



bZoj vfLrRoghu gS



vFkok



























j[kk FkkA











gksrk gSA





ls d gSA


16

varLk~



















kaf=d vfHkkaf=dh

gkj dj Hkh thr









dke rks gS s eqfdy]






Hkxoku Loi kekZ

lhfuj Vsduhfku

17

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k

gdhdr




ogh gdhdr gS esjh




























18

varLk~
















dj




dj jgk FkkA






fukkar flag] Nk=


vius flDds

MkW- lehj [kkaMsdj













19

varLk~


mykgukvkt





fQj iwNk

Dk vaks gks

k flklh cans gks


gj xyh] gj lM+d]


Dk xwiexclxs gks













MkW- Hkkjr yksgkuh


20

vkkhk HkVstk] Nk=


varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k











ysrk gwiexclA









































lksp jgk gwiexclA







amp

21

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k








lhek kno







eksjA


























nhik paaeligk

22

varLk~








































































23

varLk~















24

varLk~


futkr ik ldrs gSaA






1-Ofaumlxr dkjk


3-vdknfed vlQyrk




2-



25

varLk~




4- ikfjokfjd

















26

varLk~



eksrh tSls dk cudj]


Nk rqe ckny cudjA



uHk ij tkdj esk cus






























i cny tc fiky x rqe







khry lcdks djrk gSA





iwtk feJk

27


varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k

vkReeaFku




dqN gYdk gks tksA























































28

varLk~

lkfgR k=k dfork





















lykg ns MkyhA












vkdkakk jkuk] Nk=k

dkafr tSu



jghenkl

29

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k



























tkrk gS






















rjg tSls









ukfg

vc

gfj

gSa

eSaSa

ljy HkVukxj

30

varLk~

fganh lkfgR lHkk











varesa ]



31

varLk~

ys[k





















ldrkA

(Good

ckSNkj













jgk gksA






















vkfnR kadj] Nk=

32

varLk~
































viokn Hkh d lR gSA









vkodrk gh Dk gS


















vuqjkx dSFky] Nk=


33

varLk~

vyadkj








kksHkkdkjd keZ gSaA


























^paaeligkyksd



















muds














^lkSanaZy~adkjA







^dkOkyadkj

lsquooSfplaquorsquo


34

varLk~












vkRek ugha fl) fdkA


















^dkOkyadkj

^vyadkj lkjlaxzg

^paaeligyksd

^dqoykuan ^jlxaxkkj

^dfofccedilk


^vyadkj eatwkk










^fo|k nnkfr foue~

35

varLk~

jktHkkkk fganh


vuqPNsn 120

vuqPNsn 210





















36

varLk~























37




















jktHkkkk ccedildksB






varLk~


38

varLk~







dgks jktk cksykA









vc ns[kdj irk djksA








ns[k vkbZa


dSlh gS


rc jgu nksA






39

varLk~








gkiexcl] vUunkrk


















40

varLk~













1 vfkdkj ks=

2 dkZks=

(d) laa= LFky pu

rduhdh ys[k

41

varLk~








([k) fuekZk

(x) dehku

(k) ccedilpkyu



















IV

42

varLk~























lkjkak


43

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k



































































fujkgkjk ksfxuh


46frac12

44

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k







































































mn~k`rfrac12

45

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k




















fopkjkh gSA

















+




















vuwi Loi] iwoZ Nk=


46





As of rightlkfkdkj

















vfHkdYi-lquhrk flag


funskd


mifunskd





vfHkdYilquhrk flag


Nkkfp= Jh jfo kqDy


jkd

varl~ ifjokj












k

dks


1

varLk~







ckkbZA

kqHkdkeukvksa lfgr]



2

varLk~

fccedil ikBd]












vkidk viuk

vk dqekj kekZ

ccedilkku laiknd



---

3

varLk~


































































4

varLk~





dj pqdk gSA












jkVordfifr LokZ ind








jktHkkkk ccedildksB





5

6


varLk~











































gS fd g d okD



















phdus ikr


7

varLk~
































xksk fd

ldquoThe land of

opportunityrdquo]





businessrdquo





























8

varLk~






























ldquofo|k


lq[ke~AArdquo

jktHkkkk ccedildksB

9

varLk~



acircnsukijkftr

ldquolkkkRdkjrdquo

ldquoin~eJhrdquo



dgkiexcl ikrs gSa

mldk acircn



















































10

varLk~





















QylQ+k gSA




gkiexcl






gwiexclA






eSaus



































tkrk gS tSls

11

varLk~


































foksk dkjk ugha gSA





















fykrdquo


nsuk pkgsaxsA


ldquovarl~rdquo

ldquovarl~rdquo

ldquovarl~rdquo


12

varLk~


























ewY




13

varLk~

fe=rk



































frac14 frac14




























lkfgR k=k ys[k

14

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k









lp gh dgrs gSa fd















tkrs gSaA

vjs



vius iM+ksflksa














cgksA





















15

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k



bZoj vfLrRoghu gS



vFkok



























j[kk FkkA











gksrk gSA





ls d gSA


16

varLk~



















kaf=d vfHkkaf=dh

gkj dj Hkh thr









dke rks gS s eqfdy]






Hkxoku Loi kekZ

lhfuj Vsduhfku

17

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k

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ogh gdhdr gS esjh




























18

varLk~
















dj




dj jgk FkkA






fukkar flag] Nk=


vius flDds

MkW- lehj [kkaMsdj













19

varLk~


mykgukvkt





fQj iwNk

Dk vaks gks

k flklh cans gks


gj xyh] gj lM+d]


Dk xwiexclxs gks













MkW- Hkkjr yksgkuh


20

vkkhk HkVstk] Nk=


varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k











ysrk gwiexclA









































lksp jgk gwiexclA







amp

21

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k








lhek kno







eksjA


























nhik paaeligk

22

varLk~








































































23

varLk~















24

varLk~


futkr ik ldrs gSaA






1-Ofaumlxr dkjk


3-vdknfed vlQyrk




2-



25

varLk~




4- ikfjokfjd

















26

varLk~



eksrh tSls dk cudj]


Nk rqe ckny cudjA



uHk ij tkdj esk cus






























i cny tc fiky x rqe







khry lcdks djrk gSA





iwtk feJk

27


varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k

vkReeaFku




dqN gYdk gks tksA























































28

varLk~

lkfgR k=k dfork





















lykg ns MkyhA












vkdkakk jkuk] Nk=k

dkafr tSu



jghenkl

29

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k



























tkrk gS






















rjg tSls









ukfg

vc

gfj

gSa

eSaSa

ljy HkVukxj

30

varLk~

fganh lkfgR lHkk











varesa ]



31

varLk~

ys[k





















ldrkA

(Good

ckSNkj













jgk gksA






















vkfnR kadj] Nk=

32

varLk~
































viokn Hkh d lR gSA









vkodrk gh Dk gS


















vuqjkx dSFky] Nk=


33

varLk~

vyadkj








kksHkkdkjd keZ gSaA


























^paaeligkyksd



















muds














^lkSanaZy~adkjA







^dkOkyadkj

lsquooSfplaquorsquo


34

varLk~












vkRek ugha fl) fdkA


















^dkOkyadkj

^vyadkj lkjlaxzg

^paaeligyksd

^dqoykuan ^jlxaxkkj

^dfofccedilk


^vyadkj eatwkk










^fo|k nnkfr foue~

35

varLk~

jktHkkkk fganh


vuqPNsn 120

vuqPNsn 210





















36

varLk~























37




















jktHkkkk ccedildksB






varLk~


38

varLk~







dgks jktk cksykA









vc ns[kdj irk djksA








ns[k vkbZa


dSlh gS


rc jgu nksA






39

varLk~








gkiexcl] vUunkrk


















40

varLk~













1 vfkdkj ks=

2 dkZks=

(d) laa= LFky pu

rduhdh ys[k

41

varLk~








([k) fuekZk

(x) dehku

(k) ccedilpkyu



















IV

42

varLk~























lkjkak


43

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k



































































fujkgkjk ksfxuh


46frac12

44

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k







































































mn~k`rfrac12

45

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k




















fopkjkh gSA

















+




















vuwi Loi] iwoZ Nk=


46





As of rightlkfkdkj

















vfHkdYi-lquhrk flag












k

dks


1

varLk~







ckkbZA

kqHkdkeukvksa lfgr]



2

varLk~

fccedil ikBd]












vkidk viuk

vk dqekj kekZ

ccedilkku laiknd



---

3

varLk~


































































4

varLk~





dj pqdk gSA












jkVordfifr LokZ ind








jktHkkkk ccedildksB





5

6


varLk~











































gS fd g d okD



















phdus ikr


7

varLk~
































xksk fd

ldquoThe land of

opportunityrdquo]





businessrdquo





























8

varLk~






























ldquofo|k


lq[ke~AArdquo

jktHkkkk ccedildksB

9

varLk~



acircnsukijkftr

ldquolkkkRdkjrdquo

ldquoin~eJhrdquo



dgkiexcl ikrs gSa

mldk acircn



















































10

varLk~





















QylQ+k gSA




gkiexcl






gwiexclA






eSaus



































tkrk gS tSls

11

varLk~


































foksk dkjk ugha gSA





















fykrdquo


nsuk pkgsaxsA


ldquovarl~rdquo

ldquovarl~rdquo

ldquovarl~rdquo


12

varLk~


























ewY




13

varLk~

fe=rk



































frac14 frac14




























lkfgR k=k ys[k

14

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k









lp gh dgrs gSa fd















tkrs gSaA

vjs



vius iM+ksflksa














cgksA





















15

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k



bZoj vfLrRoghu gS



vFkok



























j[kk FkkA











gksrk gSA





ls d gSA


16

varLk~



















kaf=d vfHkkaf=dh

gkj dj Hkh thr









dke rks gS s eqfdy]






Hkxoku Loi kekZ

lhfuj Vsduhfku

17

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k

gdhdr




ogh gdhdr gS esjh




























18

varLk~
















dj




dj jgk FkkA






fukkar flag] Nk=


vius flDds

MkW- lehj [kkaMsdj













19

varLk~


mykgukvkt





fQj iwNk

Dk vaks gks

k flklh cans gks


gj xyh] gj lM+d]


Dk xwiexclxs gks













MkW- Hkkjr yksgkuh


20

vkkhk HkVstk] Nk=


varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k











ysrk gwiexclA









































lksp jgk gwiexclA







amp

21

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k








lhek kno







eksjA


























nhik paaeligk

22

varLk~








































































23

varLk~















24

varLk~


futkr ik ldrs gSaA






1-Ofaumlxr dkjk


3-vdknfed vlQyrk




2-



25

varLk~




4- ikfjokfjd

















26

varLk~



eksrh tSls dk cudj]


Nk rqe ckny cudjA



uHk ij tkdj esk cus






























i cny tc fiky x rqe







khry lcdks djrk gSA





iwtk feJk

27


varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k

vkReeaFku




dqN gYdk gks tksA























































28

varLk~

lkfgR k=k dfork





















lykg ns MkyhA












vkdkakk jkuk] Nk=k

dkafr tSu



jghenkl

29

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k



























tkrk gS






















rjg tSls









ukfg

vc

gfj

gSa

eSaSa

ljy HkVukxj

30

varLk~

fganh lkfgR lHkk











varesa ]



31

varLk~

ys[k





















ldrkA

(Good

ckSNkj













jgk gksA






















vkfnR kadj] Nk=

32

varLk~
































viokn Hkh d lR gSA









vkodrk gh Dk gS


















vuqjkx dSFky] Nk=


33

varLk~

vyadkj








kksHkkdkjd keZ gSaA


























^paaeligkyksd



















muds














^lkSanaZy~adkjA







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lsquooSfplaquorsquo


34

varLk~












vkRek ugha fl) fdkA


















^dkOkyadkj

^vyadkj lkjlaxzg

^paaeligyksd

^dqoykuan ^jlxaxkkj

^dfofccedilk


^vyadkj eatwkk










^fo|k nnkfr foue~

35

varLk~

jktHkkkk fganh


vuqPNsn 120

vuqPNsn 210





















36

varLk~























37




















jktHkkkk ccedildksB






varLk~


38

varLk~







dgks jktk cksykA









vc ns[kdj irk djksA








ns[k vkbZa


dSlh gS


rc jgu nksA






39

varLk~








gkiexcl] vUunkrk


















40

varLk~













1 vfkdkj ks=

2 dkZks=

(d) laa= LFky pu

rduhdh ys[k

41

varLk~








([k) fuekZk

(x) dehku

(k) ccedilpkyu



















IV

42

varLk~























lkjkak


43

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k



































































fujkgkjk ksfxuh


46frac12

44

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k







































































mn~k`rfrac12

45

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k




















fopkjkh gSA

















+




















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46





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2

varLk~

fccedil ikBd]












vkidk viuk

vk dqekj kekZ

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---

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4

varLk~





dj pqdk gSA












jkVordfifr LokZ ind








jktHkkkk ccedildksB





5

6


varLk~











































gS fd g d okD



















phdus ikr


7

varLk~
































xksk fd

ldquoThe land of

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businessrdquo





























8

varLk~






























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9

varLk~



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dgkiexcl ikrs gSa

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10

varLk~





















QylQ+k gSA




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tkrk gS tSls

11

varLk~


































foksk dkjk ugha gSA





















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ldquovarl~rdquo

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12

varLk~


























ewY




13

varLk~

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frac14 frac14




























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14

varLk~

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15

varLk~

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16

varLk~



















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Hkxoku Loi kekZ

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17

varLk~

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18

varLk~
















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19

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MkW- Hkkjr yksgkuh


20

vkkhk HkVstk] Nk=


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21

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nhik paaeligk

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23

varLk~















24

varLk~


futkr ik ldrs gSaA






1-Ofaumlxr dkjk


3-vdknfed vlQyrk




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25

varLk~




4- ikfjokfjd

















26

varLk~



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Nk rqe ckny cudjA



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iwtk feJk

27


varLk~

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28

varLk~

lkfgR k=k dfork





















lykg ns MkyhA












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dkafr tSu



jghenkl

29

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k



























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rjg tSls









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30

varLk~

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31

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32

varLk~
































viokn Hkh d lR gSA









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33

varLk~

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34

varLk~












vkRek ugha fl) fdkA


















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35

varLk~

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vuqPNsn 120

vuqPNsn 210





















36

varLk~























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jktHkkkk ccedildksB






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38

varLk~







dgks jktk cksykA









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ns[k vkbZa


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39

varLk~








gkiexcl] vUunkrk


















40

varLk~













1 vfkdkj ks=

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rduhdh ys[k

41

varLk~








([k) fuekZk

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IV

42

varLk~























lkjkak


43

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k



































































fujkgkjk ksfxuh


46frac12

44

varLk~

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45

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vuwi Loi] iwoZ Nk=


46





As of rightlkfkdkj

















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vk dqekj kekZ

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---

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4

varLk~





dj pqdk gSA












jkVordfifr LokZ ind








jktHkkkk ccedildksB





5

6


varLk~











































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phdus ikr


7

varLk~
































xksk fd

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businessrdquo





























8

varLk~






























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9

varLk~



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10

varLk~





















QylQ+k gSA




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11

varLk~


































foksk dkjk ugha gSA





















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12

varLk~


























ewY




13

varLk~

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varLk~

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15

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16

varLk~



















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dke rks gS s eqfdy]






Hkxoku Loi kekZ

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17

varLk~

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18

varLk~
















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19

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fQj iwNk

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MkW- Hkkjr yksgkuh


20

vkkhk HkVstk] Nk=


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21

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22

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23

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24

varLk~


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25

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26

varLk~



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27


varLk~

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28

varLk~

lkfgR k=k dfork





















lykg ns MkyhA












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29

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k



























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30

varLk~

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31

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32

varLk~
































viokn Hkh d lR gSA









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33

varLk~

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34

varLk~












vkRek ugha fl) fdkA


















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35

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vuqPNsn 120

vuqPNsn 210





















36

varLk~























37




















jktHkkkk ccedildksB






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38

varLk~







dgks jktk cksykA









vc ns[kdj irk djksA








ns[k vkbZa


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39

varLk~








gkiexcl] vUunkrk


















40

varLk~













1 vfkdkj ks=

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rduhdh ys[k

41

varLk~








([k) fuekZk

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IV

42

varLk~























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43

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k



































































fujkgkjk ksfxuh


46frac12

44

varLk~

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mn~k`rfrac12

45

varLk~

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vuwi Loi] iwoZ Nk=


46





As of rightlkfkdkj

















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4

varLk~





dj pqdk gSA












jkVordfifr LokZ ind








jktHkkkk ccedildksB





5

6


varLk~











































gS fd g d okD



















phdus ikr


7

varLk~
































xksk fd

ldquoThe land of

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businessrdquo





























8

varLk~






























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9

varLk~



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10

varLk~





















QylQ+k gSA




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tkrk gS tSls

11

varLk~


































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fykrdquo


nsuk pkgsaxsA


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12

varLk~


























ewY




13

varLk~

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frac14 frac14




























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14

varLk~

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15

varLk~

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ls d gSA


16

varLk~



















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17

varLk~

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18

varLk~
















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19

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MkW- Hkkjr yksgkuh


20

vkkhk HkVstk] Nk=


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21

varLk~

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22

varLk~








































































23

varLk~















24

varLk~


futkr ik ldrs gSaA






1-Ofaumlxr dkjk


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25

varLk~




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26

varLk~



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27


varLk~

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28

varLk~

lkfgR k=k dfork





















lykg ns MkyhA












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29

varLk~

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30

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31

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varLk~
































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33

varLk~

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34

varLk~












vkRek ugha fl) fdkA


















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35

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vuqPNsn 210





















36

varLk~























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jktHkkkk ccedildksB






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38

varLk~







dgks jktk cksykA









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39

varLk~








gkiexcl] vUunkrk


















40

varLk~













1 vfkdkj ks=

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rduhdh ys[k

41

varLk~








([k) fuekZk

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IV

42

varLk~























lkjkak


43

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k



































































fujkgkjk ksfxuh


46frac12

44

varLk~

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mn~k`rfrac12

45

varLk~

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+




















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46





As of rightlkfkdkj

















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varLk~





dj pqdk gSA












jkVordfifr LokZ ind








jktHkkkk ccedildksB





5

6


varLk~











































gS fd g d okD



















phdus ikr


7

varLk~
































xksk fd

ldquoThe land of

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businessrdquo





























8

varLk~






























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9

varLk~



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10

varLk~





















QylQ+k gSA




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11

varLk~


































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fykrdquo


nsuk pkgsaxsA


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12

varLk~


























ewY




13

varLk~

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frac14 frac14




























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14

varLk~

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vjs



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15

varLk~

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ls d gSA


16

varLk~



















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17

varLk~

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18

varLk~
















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19

varLk~


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MkW- Hkkjr yksgkuh


20

vkkhk HkVstk] Nk=


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21

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22

varLk~








































































23

varLk~















24

varLk~


futkr ik ldrs gSaA






1-Ofaumlxr dkjk


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25

varLk~




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26

varLk~



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27


varLk~

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28

varLk~

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lykg ns MkyhA












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29

varLk~

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30

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32

varLk~
































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33

varLk~

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34

varLk~












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35

varLk~

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vuqPNsn 210





















36

varLk~























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38

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rc jgu nksA






39

varLk~








gkiexcl] vUunkrk


















40

varLk~













1 vfkdkj ks=

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rduhdh ys[k

41

varLk~








([k) fuekZk

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IV

42

varLk~























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43

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k



































































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46frac12

44

varLk~

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45

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+




















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46





As of rightlkfkdkj

















vfHkdYi-lquhrk flag

6


varLk~











































gS fd g d okD



















phdus ikr


7

varLk~
































xksk fd

ldquoThe land of

opportunityrdquo]





businessrdquo





























8

varLk~






























ldquofo|k


lq[ke~AArdquo

jktHkkkk ccedildksB

9

varLk~



acircnsukijkftr

ldquolkkkRdkjrdquo

ldquoin~eJhrdquo



dgkiexcl ikrs gSa

mldk acircn



















































10

varLk~





















QylQ+k gSA




gkiexcl






gwiexclA






eSaus



































tkrk gS tSls

11

varLk~


































foksk dkjk ugha gSA





















fykrdquo


nsuk pkgsaxsA


ldquovarl~rdquo

ldquovarl~rdquo

ldquovarl~rdquo


12

varLk~


























ewY




13

varLk~

fe=rk



































frac14 frac14




























lkfgR k=k ys[k

14

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k









lp gh dgrs gSa fd















tkrs gSaA

vjs



vius iM+ksflksa














cgksA





















15

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k



bZoj vfLrRoghu gS



vFkok



























j[kk FkkA











gksrk gSA





ls d gSA


16

varLk~



















kaf=d vfHkkaf=dh

gkj dj Hkh thr









dke rks gS s eqfdy]






Hkxoku Loi kekZ

lhfuj Vsduhfku

17

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k

gdhdr




ogh gdhdr gS esjh




























18

varLk~
















dj




dj jgk FkkA






fukkar flag] Nk=


vius flDds

MkW- lehj [kkaMsdj













19

varLk~


mykgukvkt





fQj iwNk

Dk vaks gks

k flklh cans gks


gj xyh] gj lM+d]


Dk xwiexclxs gks













MkW- Hkkjr yksgkuh


20

vkkhk HkVstk] Nk=


varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k











ysrk gwiexclA









































lksp jgk gwiexclA







amp

21

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k








lhek kno







eksjA


























nhik paaeligk

22

varLk~








































































23

varLk~















24

varLk~


futkr ik ldrs gSaA






1-Ofaumlxr dkjk


3-vdknfed vlQyrk




2-



25

varLk~




4- ikfjokfjd

















26

varLk~



eksrh tSls dk cudj]


Nk rqe ckny cudjA



uHk ij tkdj esk cus






























i cny tc fiky x rqe







khry lcdks djrk gSA





iwtk feJk

27


varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k

vkReeaFku




dqN gYdk gks tksA























































28

varLk~

lkfgR k=k dfork





















lykg ns MkyhA












vkdkakk jkuk] Nk=k

dkafr tSu



jghenkl

29

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k



























tkrk gS






















rjg tSls









ukfg

vc

gfj

gSa

eSaSa

ljy HkVukxj

30

varLk~

fganh lkfgR lHkk











varesa ]



31

varLk~

ys[k





















ldrkA

(Good

ckSNkj













jgk gksA






















vkfnR kadj] Nk=

32

varLk~
































viokn Hkh d lR gSA









vkodrk gh Dk gS


















vuqjkx dSFky] Nk=


33

varLk~

vyadkj








kksHkkdkjd keZ gSaA


























^paaeligkyksd



















muds














^lkSanaZy~adkjA







^dkOkyadkj

lsquooSfplaquorsquo


34

varLk~












vkRek ugha fl) fdkA


















^dkOkyadkj

^vyadkj lkjlaxzg

^paaeligyksd

^dqoykuan ^jlxaxkkj

^dfofccedilk


^vyadkj eatwkk










^fo|k nnkfr foue~

35

varLk~

jktHkkkk fganh


vuqPNsn 120

vuqPNsn 210





















36

varLk~























37




















jktHkkkk ccedildksB






varLk~


38

varLk~







dgks jktk cksykA









vc ns[kdj irk djksA








ns[k vkbZa


dSlh gS


rc jgu nksA






39

varLk~








gkiexcl] vUunkrk


















40

varLk~













1 vfkdkj ks=

2 dkZks=

(d) laa= LFky pu

rduhdh ys[k

41

varLk~








([k) fuekZk

(x) dehku

(k) ccedilpkyu



















IV

42

varLk~























lkjkak


43

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k



































































fujkgkjk ksfxuh


46frac12

44

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k







































































mn~k`rfrac12

45

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k




















fopkjkh gSA

















+




















vuwi Loi] iwoZ Nk=


46





As of rightlkfkdkj

















vfHkdYi-lquhrk flag

varLk~











































gS fd g d okD



















phdus ikr


7

varLk~
































xksk fd

ldquoThe land of

opportunityrdquo]





businessrdquo





























8

varLk~






























ldquofo|k


lq[ke~AArdquo

jktHkkkk ccedildksB

9

varLk~



acircnsukijkftr

ldquolkkkRdkjrdquo

ldquoin~eJhrdquo



dgkiexcl ikrs gSa

mldk acircn



















































10

varLk~





















QylQ+k gSA




gkiexcl






gwiexclA






eSaus



































tkrk gS tSls

11

varLk~


































foksk dkjk ugha gSA





















fykrdquo


nsuk pkgsaxsA


ldquovarl~rdquo

ldquovarl~rdquo

ldquovarl~rdquo


12

varLk~


























ewY




13

varLk~

fe=rk



































frac14 frac14




























lkfgR k=k ys[k

14

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k









lp gh dgrs gSa fd















tkrs gSaA

vjs



vius iM+ksflksa














cgksA





















15

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k



bZoj vfLrRoghu gS



vFkok



























j[kk FkkA











gksrk gSA





ls d gSA


16

varLk~



















kaf=d vfHkkaf=dh

gkj dj Hkh thr









dke rks gS s eqfdy]






Hkxoku Loi kekZ

lhfuj Vsduhfku

17

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k

gdhdr




ogh gdhdr gS esjh




























18

varLk~
















dj




dj jgk FkkA






fukkar flag] Nk=


vius flDds

MkW- lehj [kkaMsdj













19

varLk~


mykgukvkt





fQj iwNk

Dk vaks gks

k flklh cans gks


gj xyh] gj lM+d]


Dk xwiexclxs gks













MkW- Hkkjr yksgkuh


20

vkkhk HkVstk] Nk=


varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k











ysrk gwiexclA









































lksp jgk gwiexclA







amp

21

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k








lhek kno







eksjA


























nhik paaeligk

22

varLk~








































































23

varLk~















24

varLk~


futkr ik ldrs gSaA






1-Ofaumlxr dkjk


3-vdknfed vlQyrk




2-



25

varLk~




4- ikfjokfjd

















26

varLk~



eksrh tSls dk cudj]


Nk rqe ckny cudjA



uHk ij tkdj esk cus






























i cny tc fiky x rqe







khry lcdks djrk gSA





iwtk feJk

27


varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k

vkReeaFku




dqN gYdk gks tksA























































28

varLk~

lkfgR k=k dfork





















lykg ns MkyhA












vkdkakk jkuk] Nk=k

dkafr tSu



jghenkl

29

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k



























tkrk gS






















rjg tSls









ukfg

vc

gfj

gSa

eSaSa

ljy HkVukxj

30

varLk~

fganh lkfgR lHkk











varesa ]



31

varLk~

ys[k





















ldrkA

(Good

ckSNkj













jgk gksA






















vkfnR kadj] Nk=

32

varLk~
































viokn Hkh d lR gSA









vkodrk gh Dk gS


















vuqjkx dSFky] Nk=


33

varLk~

vyadkj








kksHkkdkjd keZ gSaA


























^paaeligkyksd



















muds














^lkSanaZy~adkjA







^dkOkyadkj

lsquooSfplaquorsquo


34

varLk~












vkRek ugha fl) fdkA


















^dkOkyadkj

^vyadkj lkjlaxzg

^paaeligyksd

^dqoykuan ^jlxaxkkj

^dfofccedilk


^vyadkj eatwkk










^fo|k nnkfr foue~

35

varLk~

jktHkkkk fganh


vuqPNsn 120

vuqPNsn 210





















36

varLk~























37




















jktHkkkk ccedildksB






varLk~


38

varLk~







dgks jktk cksykA









vc ns[kdj irk djksA








ns[k vkbZa


dSlh gS


rc jgu nksA






39

varLk~








gkiexcl] vUunkrk


















40

varLk~













1 vfkdkj ks=

2 dkZks=

(d) laa= LFky pu

rduhdh ys[k

41

varLk~








([k) fuekZk

(x) dehku

(k) ccedilpkyu



















IV

42

varLk~























lkjkak


43

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k



































































fujkgkjk ksfxuh


46frac12

44

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k







































































mn~k`rfrac12

45

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k




















fopkjkh gSA

















+




















vuwi Loi] iwoZ Nk=


46





As of rightlkfkdkj

















vfHkdYi-lquhrk flag

varLk~
































xksk fd

ldquoThe land of

opportunityrdquo]





businessrdquo





























8

varLk~






























ldquofo|k


lq[ke~AArdquo

jktHkkkk ccedildksB

9

varLk~



acircnsukijkftr

ldquolkkkRdkjrdquo

ldquoin~eJhrdquo



dgkiexcl ikrs gSa

mldk acircn



















































10

varLk~





















QylQ+k gSA




gkiexcl






gwiexclA






eSaus



































tkrk gS tSls

11

varLk~


































foksk dkjk ugha gSA





















fykrdquo


nsuk pkgsaxsA


ldquovarl~rdquo

ldquovarl~rdquo

ldquovarl~rdquo


12

varLk~


























ewY




13

varLk~

fe=rk



































frac14 frac14




























lkfgR k=k ys[k

14

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k









lp gh dgrs gSa fd















tkrs gSaA

vjs



vius iM+ksflksa














cgksA





















15

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k



bZoj vfLrRoghu gS



vFkok



























j[kk FkkA











gksrk gSA





ls d gSA


16

varLk~



















kaf=d vfHkkaf=dh

gkj dj Hkh thr









dke rks gS s eqfdy]






Hkxoku Loi kekZ

lhfuj Vsduhfku

17

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k

gdhdr




ogh gdhdr gS esjh




























18

varLk~
















dj




dj jgk FkkA






fukkar flag] Nk=


vius flDds

MkW- lehj [kkaMsdj













19

varLk~


mykgukvkt





fQj iwNk

Dk vaks gks

k flklh cans gks


gj xyh] gj lM+d]


Dk xwiexclxs gks













MkW- Hkkjr yksgkuh


20

vkkhk HkVstk] Nk=


varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k











ysrk gwiexclA









































lksp jgk gwiexclA







amp

21

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k








lhek kno







eksjA


























nhik paaeligk

22

varLk~








































































23

varLk~















24

varLk~


futkr ik ldrs gSaA






1-Ofaumlxr dkjk


3-vdknfed vlQyrk




2-



25

varLk~




4- ikfjokfjd

















26

varLk~



eksrh tSls dk cudj]


Nk rqe ckny cudjA



uHk ij tkdj esk cus






























i cny tc fiky x rqe







khry lcdks djrk gSA





iwtk feJk

27


varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k

vkReeaFku




dqN gYdk gks tksA























































28

varLk~

lkfgR k=k dfork





















lykg ns MkyhA












vkdkakk jkuk] Nk=k

dkafr tSu



jghenkl

29

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k



























tkrk gS






















rjg tSls









ukfg

vc

gfj

gSa

eSaSa

ljy HkVukxj

30

varLk~

fganh lkfgR lHkk











varesa ]



31

varLk~

ys[k





















ldrkA

(Good

ckSNkj













jgk gksA






















vkfnR kadj] Nk=

32

varLk~
































viokn Hkh d lR gSA









vkodrk gh Dk gS


















vuqjkx dSFky] Nk=


33

varLk~

vyadkj








kksHkkdkjd keZ gSaA


























^paaeligkyksd



















muds














^lkSanaZy~adkjA







^dkOkyadkj

lsquooSfplaquorsquo


34

varLk~












vkRek ugha fl) fdkA


















^dkOkyadkj

^vyadkj lkjlaxzg

^paaeligyksd

^dqoykuan ^jlxaxkkj

^dfofccedilk


^vyadkj eatwkk










^fo|k nnkfr foue~

35

varLk~

jktHkkkk fganh


vuqPNsn 120

vuqPNsn 210





















36

varLk~























37




















jktHkkkk ccedildksB






varLk~


38

varLk~







dgks jktk cksykA









vc ns[kdj irk djksA








ns[k vkbZa


dSlh gS


rc jgu nksA






39

varLk~








gkiexcl] vUunkrk


















40

varLk~













1 vfkdkj ks=

2 dkZks=

(d) laa= LFky pu

rduhdh ys[k

41

varLk~








([k) fuekZk

(x) dehku

(k) ccedilpkyu



















IV

42

varLk~























lkjkak


43

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k



































































fujkgkjk ksfxuh


46frac12

44

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k







































































mn~k`rfrac12

45

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k




















fopkjkh gSA

















+




















vuwi Loi] iwoZ Nk=


46





As of rightlkfkdkj

















vfHkdYi-lquhrk flag

varLk~






























ldquofo|k


lq[ke~AArdquo

jktHkkkk ccedildksB

9

varLk~



acircnsukijkftr

ldquolkkkRdkjrdquo

ldquoin~eJhrdquo



dgkiexcl ikrs gSa

mldk acircn



















































10

varLk~





















QylQ+k gSA




gkiexcl






gwiexclA






eSaus



































tkrk gS tSls

11

varLk~


































foksk dkjk ugha gSA





















fykrdquo


nsuk pkgsaxsA


ldquovarl~rdquo

ldquovarl~rdquo

ldquovarl~rdquo


12

varLk~


























ewY




13

varLk~

fe=rk



































frac14 frac14




























lkfgR k=k ys[k

14

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k









lp gh dgrs gSa fd















tkrs gSaA

vjs



vius iM+ksflksa














cgksA





















15

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k



bZoj vfLrRoghu gS



vFkok



























j[kk FkkA











gksrk gSA





ls d gSA


16

varLk~



















kaf=d vfHkkaf=dh

gkj dj Hkh thr









dke rks gS s eqfdy]






Hkxoku Loi kekZ

lhfuj Vsduhfku

17

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k

gdhdr




ogh gdhdr gS esjh




























18

varLk~
















dj




dj jgk FkkA






fukkar flag] Nk=


vius flDds

MkW- lehj [kkaMsdj













19

varLk~


mykgukvkt





fQj iwNk

Dk vaks gks

k flklh cans gks


gj xyh] gj lM+d]


Dk xwiexclxs gks













MkW- Hkkjr yksgkuh


20

vkkhk HkVstk] Nk=


varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k











ysrk gwiexclA









































lksp jgk gwiexclA







amp

21

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k








lhek kno







eksjA


























nhik paaeligk

22

varLk~








































































23

varLk~















24

varLk~


futkr ik ldrs gSaA






1-Ofaumlxr dkjk


3-vdknfed vlQyrk




2-



25

varLk~




4- ikfjokfjd

















26

varLk~



eksrh tSls dk cudj]


Nk rqe ckny cudjA



uHk ij tkdj esk cus






























i cny tc fiky x rqe







khry lcdks djrk gSA





iwtk feJk

27


varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k

vkReeaFku




dqN gYdk gks tksA























































28

varLk~

lkfgR k=k dfork





















lykg ns MkyhA












vkdkakk jkuk] Nk=k

dkafr tSu



jghenkl

29

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k



























tkrk gS






















rjg tSls









ukfg

vc

gfj

gSa

eSaSa

ljy HkVukxj

30

varLk~

fganh lkfgR lHkk











varesa ]



31

varLk~

ys[k





















ldrkA

(Good

ckSNkj













jgk gksA






















vkfnR kadj] Nk=

32

varLk~
































viokn Hkh d lR gSA









vkodrk gh Dk gS


















vuqjkx dSFky] Nk=


33

varLk~

vyadkj








kksHkkdkjd keZ gSaA


























^paaeligkyksd



















muds














^lkSanaZy~adkjA







^dkOkyadkj

lsquooSfplaquorsquo


34

varLk~












vkRek ugha fl) fdkA


















^dkOkyadkj

^vyadkj lkjlaxzg

^paaeligyksd

^dqoykuan ^jlxaxkkj

^dfofccedilk


^vyadkj eatwkk










^fo|k nnkfr foue~

35

varLk~

jktHkkkk fganh


vuqPNsn 120

vuqPNsn 210





















36

varLk~























37




















jktHkkkk ccedildksB






varLk~


38

varLk~







dgks jktk cksykA









vc ns[kdj irk djksA








ns[k vkbZa


dSlh gS


rc jgu nksA






39

varLk~








gkiexcl] vUunkrk


















40

varLk~













1 vfkdkj ks=

2 dkZks=

(d) laa= LFky pu

rduhdh ys[k

41

varLk~








([k) fuekZk

(x) dehku

(k) ccedilpkyu



















IV

42

varLk~























lkjkak


43

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k



































































fujkgkjk ksfxuh


46frac12

44

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k







































































mn~k`rfrac12

45

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k




















fopkjkh gSA

















+




















vuwi Loi] iwoZ Nk=


46





As of rightlkfkdkj

















vfHkdYi-lquhrk flag

varLk~



acircnsukijkftr

ldquolkkkRdkjrdquo

ldquoin~eJhrdquo



dgkiexcl ikrs gSa

mldk acircn



















































10

varLk~





















QylQ+k gSA




gkiexcl






gwiexclA






eSaus



































tkrk gS tSls

11

varLk~


































foksk dkjk ugha gSA





















fykrdquo


nsuk pkgsaxsA


ldquovarl~rdquo

ldquovarl~rdquo

ldquovarl~rdquo


12

varLk~


























ewY




13

varLk~

fe=rk



































frac14 frac14




























lkfgR k=k ys[k

14

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k









lp gh dgrs gSa fd















tkrs gSaA

vjs



vius iM+ksflksa














cgksA





















15

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k



bZoj vfLrRoghu gS



vFkok



























j[kk FkkA











gksrk gSA





ls d gSA


16

varLk~



















kaf=d vfHkkaf=dh

gkj dj Hkh thr









dke rks gS s eqfdy]






Hkxoku Loi kekZ

lhfuj Vsduhfku

17

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k

gdhdr




ogh gdhdr gS esjh




























18

varLk~
















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19

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23

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19

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16

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j[kk FkkA











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ls d gSA


16

varLk~



















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gkj dj Hkh thr









dke rks gS s eqfdy]






Hkxoku Loi kekZ

lhfuj Vsduhfku

17

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k

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ogh gdhdr gS esjh




























18

varLk~
















dj




dj jgk FkkA






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vius flDds

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19

varLk~


mykgukvkt





fQj iwNk

Dk vaks gks

k flklh cans gks


gj xyh] gj lM+d]


Dk xwiexclxs gks













MkW- Hkkjr yksgkuh


20

vkkhk HkVstk] Nk=


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ysrk gwiexclA









































lksp jgk gwiexclA







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21

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k








lhek kno







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nhik paaeligk

22

varLk~








































































23

varLk~















24

varLk~


futkr ik ldrs gSaA






1-Ofaumlxr dkjk


3-vdknfed vlQyrk




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25

varLk~




4- ikfjokfjd

















26

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eksrh tSls dk cudj]


Nk rqe ckny cudjA



uHk ij tkdj esk cus






























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iwtk feJk

27


varLk~

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dqN gYdk gks tksA























































28

varLk~

lkfgR k=k dfork





















lykg ns MkyhA












vkdkakk jkuk] Nk=k

dkafr tSu



jghenkl

29

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k



























tkrk gS






















rjg tSls









ukfg

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30

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fganh lkfgR lHkk











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31

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32

varLk~
































viokn Hkh d lR gSA









vkodrk gh Dk gS


















vuqjkx dSFky] Nk=


33

varLk~

vyadkj








kksHkkdkjd keZ gSaA


























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muds














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lsquooSfplaquorsquo


34

varLk~












vkRek ugha fl) fdkA


















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35

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jktHkkkk fganh


vuqPNsn 120

vuqPNsn 210





















36

varLk~























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jktHkkkk ccedildksB






varLk~


38

varLk~







dgks jktk cksykA









vc ns[kdj irk djksA








ns[k vkbZa


dSlh gS


rc jgu nksA






39

varLk~








gkiexcl] vUunkrk


















40

varLk~













1 vfkdkj ks=

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(d) laa= LFky pu

rduhdh ys[k

41

varLk~








([k) fuekZk

(x) dehku

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IV

42

varLk~























lkjkak


43

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k



































































fujkgkjk ksfxuh


46frac12

44

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k







































































mn~k`rfrac12

45

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vuwi Loi] iwoZ Nk=


46





As of rightlkfkdkj

















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varLk~

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bZoj vfLrRoghu gS



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j[kk FkkA











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ls d gSA


16

varLk~



















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gkj dj Hkh thr









dke rks gS s eqfdy]






Hkxoku Loi kekZ

lhfuj Vsduhfku

17

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k

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18

varLk~
















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vius flDds

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19

varLk~


mykgukvkt





fQj iwNk

Dk vaks gks

k flklh cans gks


gj xyh] gj lM+d]


Dk xwiexclxs gks













MkW- Hkkjr yksgkuh


20

vkkhk HkVstk] Nk=


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ysrk gwiexclA









































lksp jgk gwiexclA







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21

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lhek kno







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nhik paaeligk

22

varLk~








































































23

varLk~















24

varLk~


futkr ik ldrs gSaA






1-Ofaumlxr dkjk


3-vdknfed vlQyrk




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25

varLk~




4- ikfjokfjd

















26

varLk~



eksrh tSls dk cudj]


Nk rqe ckny cudjA



uHk ij tkdj esk cus






























i cny tc fiky x rqe







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iwtk feJk

27


varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k

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dqN gYdk gks tksA























































28

varLk~

lkfgR k=k dfork





















lykg ns MkyhA












vkdkakk jkuk] Nk=k

dkafr tSu



jghenkl

29

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k



























tkrk gS






















rjg tSls









ukfg

vc

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30

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31

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32

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viokn Hkh d lR gSA









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33

varLk~

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kksHkkdkjd keZ gSaA


























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muds














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lsquooSfplaquorsquo


34

varLk~












vkRek ugha fl) fdkA


















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35

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jktHkkkk fganh


vuqPNsn 120

vuqPNsn 210





















36

varLk~























37




















jktHkkkk ccedildksB






varLk~


38

varLk~







dgks jktk cksykA









vc ns[kdj irk djksA








ns[k vkbZa


dSlh gS


rc jgu nksA






39

varLk~








gkiexcl] vUunkrk


















40

varLk~













1 vfkdkj ks=

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(d) laa= LFky pu

rduhdh ys[k

41

varLk~








([k) fuekZk

(x) dehku

(k) ccedilpkyu



















IV

42

varLk~























lkjkak


43

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k



































































fujkgkjk ksfxuh


46frac12

44

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k







































































mn~k`rfrac12

45

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vuwi Loi] iwoZ Nk=


46





As of rightlkfkdkj

















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varLk~



















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gkj dj Hkh thr









dke rks gS s eqfdy]






Hkxoku Loi kekZ

lhfuj Vsduhfku

17

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k

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ogh gdhdr gS esjh




























18

varLk~
















dj




dj jgk FkkA






fukkar flag] Nk=


vius flDds

MkW- lehj [kkaMsdj













19

varLk~


mykgukvkt





fQj iwNk

Dk vaks gks

k flklh cans gks


gj xyh] gj lM+d]


Dk xwiexclxs gks













MkW- Hkkjr yksgkuh


20

vkkhk HkVstk] Nk=


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ysrk gwiexclA









































lksp jgk gwiexclA







amp

21

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k








lhek kno







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nhik paaeligk

22

varLk~








































































23

varLk~















24

varLk~


futkr ik ldrs gSaA






1-Ofaumlxr dkjk


3-vdknfed vlQyrk




2-



25

varLk~




4- ikfjokfjd

















26

varLk~



eksrh tSls dk cudj]


Nk rqe ckny cudjA



uHk ij tkdj esk cus






























i cny tc fiky x rqe







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iwtk feJk

27


varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k

vkReeaFku




dqN gYdk gks tksA























































28

varLk~

lkfgR k=k dfork





















lykg ns MkyhA












vkdkakk jkuk] Nk=k

dkafr tSu



jghenkl

29

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k



























tkrk gS






















rjg tSls









ukfg

vc

gfj

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ljy HkVukxj

30

varLk~

fganh lkfgR lHkk











varesa ]



31

varLk~

ys[k





















ldrkA

(Good

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vkfnR kadj] Nk=

32

varLk~
































viokn Hkh d lR gSA









vkodrk gh Dk gS


















vuqjkx dSFky] Nk=


33

varLk~

vyadkj








kksHkkdkjd keZ gSaA


























^paaeligkyksd



















muds














^lkSanaZy~adkjA







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lsquooSfplaquorsquo


34

varLk~












vkRek ugha fl) fdkA


















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^fo|k nnkfr foue~

35

varLk~

jktHkkkk fganh


vuqPNsn 120

vuqPNsn 210





















36

varLk~























37




















jktHkkkk ccedildksB






varLk~


38

varLk~







dgks jktk cksykA









vc ns[kdj irk djksA








ns[k vkbZa


dSlh gS


rc jgu nksA






39

varLk~








gkiexcl] vUunkrk


















40

varLk~













1 vfkdkj ks=

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(d) laa= LFky pu

rduhdh ys[k

41

varLk~








([k) fuekZk

(x) dehku

(k) ccedilpkyu



















IV

42

varLk~























lkjkak


43

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k



































































fujkgkjk ksfxuh


46frac12

44

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k







































































mn~k`rfrac12

45

varLk~

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vuwi Loi] iwoZ Nk=


46





As of rightlkfkdkj

















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varLk~

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ogh gdhdr gS esjh




























18

varLk~
















dj




dj jgk FkkA






fukkar flag] Nk=


vius flDds

MkW- lehj [kkaMsdj













19

varLk~


mykgukvkt





fQj iwNk

Dk vaks gks

k flklh cans gks


gj xyh] gj lM+d]


Dk xwiexclxs gks













MkW- Hkkjr yksgkuh


20

vkkhk HkVstk] Nk=


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ysrk gwiexclA









































lksp jgk gwiexclA







amp

21

varLk~

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lhek kno







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nhik paaeligk

22

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23

varLk~















24

varLk~


futkr ik ldrs gSaA






1-Ofaumlxr dkjk


3-vdknfed vlQyrk




2-



25

varLk~




4- ikfjokfjd

















26

varLk~



eksrh tSls dk cudj]


Nk rqe ckny cudjA



uHk ij tkdj esk cus






























i cny tc fiky x rqe







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iwtk feJk

27


varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k

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dqN gYdk gks tksA























































28

varLk~

lkfgR k=k dfork





















lykg ns MkyhA












vkdkakk jkuk] Nk=k

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jghenkl

29

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k



























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rjg tSls









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30

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31

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ldrkA

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32

varLk~
































viokn Hkh d lR gSA









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vuqjkx dSFky] Nk=


33

varLk~

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kksHkkdkjd keZ gSaA


























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muds














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lsquooSfplaquorsquo


34

varLk~












vkRek ugha fl) fdkA


















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^fo|k nnkfr foue~

35

varLk~

jktHkkkk fganh


vuqPNsn 120

vuqPNsn 210





















36

varLk~























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jktHkkkk ccedildksB






varLk~


38

varLk~







dgks jktk cksykA









vc ns[kdj irk djksA








ns[k vkbZa


dSlh gS


rc jgu nksA






39

varLk~








gkiexcl] vUunkrk


















40

varLk~













1 vfkdkj ks=

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rduhdh ys[k

41

varLk~








([k) fuekZk

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(k) ccedilpkyu



















IV

42

varLk~























lkjkak


43

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k



































































fujkgkjk ksfxuh


46frac12

44

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k







































































mn~k`rfrac12

45

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vuwi Loi] iwoZ Nk=


46





As of rightlkfkdkj

















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19

varLk~


mykgukvkt





fQj iwNk

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gj xyh] gj lM+d]


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MkW- Hkkjr yksgkuh


20

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ysrk gwiexclA









































lksp jgk gwiexclA







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21

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lkfgR k=k ys[k








lhek kno







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nhik paaeligk

22

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23

varLk~















24

varLk~


futkr ik ldrs gSaA






1-Ofaumlxr dkjk


3-vdknfed vlQyrk




2-



25

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4- ikfjokfjd

















26

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iwtk feJk

27


varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k

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dqN gYdk gks tksA























































28

varLk~

lkfgR k=k dfork





















lykg ns MkyhA












vkdkakk jkuk] Nk=k

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jghenkl

29

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k



























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rjg tSls









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30

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31

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32

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viokn Hkh d lR gSA









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33

varLk~

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kksHkkdkjd keZ gSaA


























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34

varLk~












vkRek ugha fl) fdkA


















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35

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vuqPNsn 120

vuqPNsn 210





















36

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jktHkkkk ccedildksB






varLk~


38

varLk~







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ns[k vkbZa


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39

varLk~








gkiexcl] vUunkrk


















40

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1 vfkdkj ks=

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41

varLk~








([k) fuekZk

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IV

42

varLk~























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43

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k



































































fujkgkjk ksfxuh


46frac12

44

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45

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vuwi Loi] iwoZ Nk=


46





As of rightlkfkdkj

















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gj xyh] gj lM+d]


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MkW- Hkkjr yksgkuh


20

vkkhk HkVstk] Nk=


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amp

21

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nhik paaeligk

22

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23

varLk~















24

varLk~


futkr ik ldrs gSaA






1-Ofaumlxr dkjk


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25

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26

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Nk rqe ckny cudjA



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iwtk feJk

27


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28

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lykg ns MkyhA












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jghenkl

29

varLk~

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30

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31

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33

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kksHkkdkjd keZ gSaA


























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34

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vkRek ugha fl) fdkA


















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35

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vuqPNsn 120

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36

varLk~























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jktHkkkk ccedildksB






varLk~


38

varLk~







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vc ns[kdj irk djksA








ns[k vkbZa


dSlh gS


rc jgu nksA






39

varLk~








gkiexcl] vUunkrk


















40

varLk~













1 vfkdkj ks=

2 dkZks=

(d) laa= LFky pu

rduhdh ys[k

41

varLk~








([k) fuekZk

(x) dehku

(k) ccedilpkyu



















IV

42

varLk~























lkjkak


43

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k



































































fujkgkjk ksfxuh


46frac12

44

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k







































































mn~k`rfrac12

45

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k




















fopkjkh gSA

















+




















vuwi Loi] iwoZ Nk=


46





As of rightlkfkdkj

















vfHkdYi-lquhrk flag

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k











ysrk gwiexclA









































lksp jgk gwiexclA







amp

21

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k








lhek kno







eksjA


























nhik paaeligk

22

varLk~








































































23

varLk~















24

varLk~


futkr ik ldrs gSaA






1-Ofaumlxr dkjk


3-vdknfed vlQyrk




2-



25

varLk~




4- ikfjokfjd

















26

varLk~



eksrh tSls dk cudj]


Nk rqe ckny cudjA



uHk ij tkdj esk cus






























i cny tc fiky x rqe







khry lcdks djrk gSA





iwtk feJk

27


varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k

vkReeaFku




dqN gYdk gks tksA























































28

varLk~

lkfgR k=k dfork





















lykg ns MkyhA












vkdkakk jkuk] Nk=k

dkafr tSu



jghenkl

29

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k



























tkrk gS






















rjg tSls









ukfg

vc

gfj

gSa

eSaSa

ljy HkVukxj

30

varLk~

fganh lkfgR lHkk











varesa ]



31

varLk~

ys[k





















ldrkA

(Good

ckSNkj













jgk gksA






















vkfnR kadj] Nk=

32

varLk~
































viokn Hkh d lR gSA









vkodrk gh Dk gS


















vuqjkx dSFky] Nk=


33

varLk~

vyadkj








kksHkkdkjd keZ gSaA


























^paaeligkyksd



















muds














^lkSanaZy~adkjA







^dkOkyadkj

lsquooSfplaquorsquo


34

varLk~












vkRek ugha fl) fdkA


















^dkOkyadkj

^vyadkj lkjlaxzg

^paaeligyksd

^dqoykuan ^jlxaxkkj

^dfofccedilk


^vyadkj eatwkk










^fo|k nnkfr foue~

35

varLk~

jktHkkkk fganh


vuqPNsn 120

vuqPNsn 210





















36

varLk~























37




















jktHkkkk ccedildksB






varLk~


38

varLk~







dgks jktk cksykA









vc ns[kdj irk djksA








ns[k vkbZa


dSlh gS


rc jgu nksA






39

varLk~








gkiexcl] vUunkrk


















40

varLk~













1 vfkdkj ks=

2 dkZks=

(d) laa= LFky pu

rduhdh ys[k

41

varLk~








([k) fuekZk

(x) dehku

(k) ccedilpkyu



















IV

42

varLk~























lkjkak


43

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k



































































fujkgkjk ksfxuh


46frac12

44

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k







































































mn~k`rfrac12

45

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k




















fopkjkh gSA

















+




















vuwi Loi] iwoZ Nk=


46





As of rightlkfkdkj

















vfHkdYi-lquhrk flag

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k








lhek kno







eksjA


























nhik paaeligk

22

varLk~








































































23

varLk~















24

varLk~


futkr ik ldrs gSaA






1-Ofaumlxr dkjk


3-vdknfed vlQyrk




2-



25

varLk~




4- ikfjokfjd

















26

varLk~



eksrh tSls dk cudj]


Nk rqe ckny cudjA



uHk ij tkdj esk cus






























i cny tc fiky x rqe







khry lcdks djrk gSA





iwtk feJk

27


varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k

vkReeaFku




dqN gYdk gks tksA























































28

varLk~

lkfgR k=k dfork





















lykg ns MkyhA












vkdkakk jkuk] Nk=k

dkafr tSu



jghenkl

29

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k



























tkrk gS






















rjg tSls









ukfg

vc

gfj

gSa

eSaSa

ljy HkVukxj

30

varLk~

fganh lkfgR lHkk











varesa ]



31

varLk~

ys[k





















ldrkA

(Good

ckSNkj













jgk gksA






















vkfnR kadj] Nk=

32

varLk~
































viokn Hkh d lR gSA









vkodrk gh Dk gS


















vuqjkx dSFky] Nk=


33

varLk~

vyadkj








kksHkkdkjd keZ gSaA


























^paaeligkyksd



















muds














^lkSanaZy~adkjA







^dkOkyadkj

lsquooSfplaquorsquo


34

varLk~












vkRek ugha fl) fdkA


















^dkOkyadkj

^vyadkj lkjlaxzg

^paaeligyksd

^dqoykuan ^jlxaxkkj

^dfofccedilk


^vyadkj eatwkk










^fo|k nnkfr foue~

35

varLk~

jktHkkkk fganh


vuqPNsn 120

vuqPNsn 210





















36

varLk~























37




















jktHkkkk ccedildksB






varLk~


38

varLk~







dgks jktk cksykA









vc ns[kdj irk djksA








ns[k vkbZa


dSlh gS


rc jgu nksA






39

varLk~








gkiexcl] vUunkrk


















40

varLk~













1 vfkdkj ks=

2 dkZks=

(d) laa= LFky pu

rduhdh ys[k

41

varLk~








([k) fuekZk

(x) dehku

(k) ccedilpkyu



















IV

42

varLk~























lkjkak


43

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k



































































fujkgkjk ksfxuh


46frac12

44

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k







































































mn~k`rfrac12

45

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k




















fopkjkh gSA

















+




















vuwi Loi] iwoZ Nk=


46





As of rightlkfkdkj

















vfHkdYi-lquhrk flag

varLk~








































































23

varLk~















24

varLk~


futkr ik ldrs gSaA






1-Ofaumlxr dkjk


3-vdknfed vlQyrk




2-



25

varLk~




4- ikfjokfjd

















26

varLk~



eksrh tSls dk cudj]


Nk rqe ckny cudjA



uHk ij tkdj esk cus






























i cny tc fiky x rqe







khry lcdks djrk gSA





iwtk feJk

27


varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k

vkReeaFku




dqN gYdk gks tksA























































28

varLk~

lkfgR k=k dfork





















lykg ns MkyhA












vkdkakk jkuk] Nk=k

dkafr tSu



jghenkl

29

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k



























tkrk gS






















rjg tSls









ukfg

vc

gfj

gSa

eSaSa

ljy HkVukxj

30

varLk~

fganh lkfgR lHkk











varesa ]



31

varLk~

ys[k





















ldrkA

(Good

ckSNkj













jgk gksA






















vkfnR kadj] Nk=

32

varLk~
































viokn Hkh d lR gSA









vkodrk gh Dk gS


















vuqjkx dSFky] Nk=


33

varLk~

vyadkj








kksHkkdkjd keZ gSaA


























^paaeligkyksd



















muds














^lkSanaZy~adkjA







^dkOkyadkj

lsquooSfplaquorsquo


34

varLk~












vkRek ugha fl) fdkA


















^dkOkyadkj

^vyadkj lkjlaxzg

^paaeligyksd

^dqoykuan ^jlxaxkkj

^dfofccedilk


^vyadkj eatwkk










^fo|k nnkfr foue~

35

varLk~

jktHkkkk fganh


vuqPNsn 120

vuqPNsn 210





















36

varLk~























37




















jktHkkkk ccedildksB






varLk~


38

varLk~







dgks jktk cksykA









vc ns[kdj irk djksA








ns[k vkbZa


dSlh gS


rc jgu nksA






39

varLk~








gkiexcl] vUunkrk


















40

varLk~













1 vfkdkj ks=

2 dkZks=

(d) laa= LFky pu

rduhdh ys[k

41

varLk~








([k) fuekZk

(x) dehku

(k) ccedilpkyu



















IV

42

varLk~























lkjkak


43

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k



































































fujkgkjk ksfxuh


46frac12

44

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k







































































mn~k`rfrac12

45

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k




















fopkjkh gSA

















+




















vuwi Loi] iwoZ Nk=


46





As of rightlkfkdkj

















vfHkdYi-lquhrk flag

varLk~















24

varLk~


futkr ik ldrs gSaA






1-Ofaumlxr dkjk


3-vdknfed vlQyrk




2-



25

varLk~




4- ikfjokfjd

















26

varLk~



eksrh tSls dk cudj]


Nk rqe ckny cudjA



uHk ij tkdj esk cus






























i cny tc fiky x rqe







khry lcdks djrk gSA





iwtk feJk

27


varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k

vkReeaFku




dqN gYdk gks tksA























































28

varLk~

lkfgR k=k dfork





















lykg ns MkyhA












vkdkakk jkuk] Nk=k

dkafr tSu



jghenkl

29

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k



























tkrk gS






















rjg tSls









ukfg

vc

gfj

gSa

eSaSa

ljy HkVukxj

30

varLk~

fganh lkfgR lHkk











varesa ]



31

varLk~

ys[k





















ldrkA

(Good

ckSNkj













jgk gksA






















vkfnR kadj] Nk=

32

varLk~
































viokn Hkh d lR gSA









vkodrk gh Dk gS


















vuqjkx dSFky] Nk=


33

varLk~

vyadkj








kksHkkdkjd keZ gSaA


























^paaeligkyksd



















muds














^lkSanaZy~adkjA







^dkOkyadkj

lsquooSfplaquorsquo


34

varLk~












vkRek ugha fl) fdkA


















^dkOkyadkj

^vyadkj lkjlaxzg

^paaeligyksd

^dqoykuan ^jlxaxkkj

^dfofccedilk


^vyadkj eatwkk










^fo|k nnkfr foue~

35

varLk~

jktHkkkk fganh


vuqPNsn 120

vuqPNsn 210





















36

varLk~























37




















jktHkkkk ccedildksB






varLk~


38

varLk~







dgks jktk cksykA









vc ns[kdj irk djksA








ns[k vkbZa


dSlh gS


rc jgu nksA






39

varLk~








gkiexcl] vUunkrk


















40

varLk~













1 vfkdkj ks=

2 dkZks=

(d) laa= LFky pu

rduhdh ys[k

41

varLk~








([k) fuekZk

(x) dehku

(k) ccedilpkyu



















IV

42

varLk~























lkjkak


43

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k



































































fujkgkjk ksfxuh


46frac12

44

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k







































































mn~k`rfrac12

45

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k




















fopkjkh gSA

















+




















vuwi Loi] iwoZ Nk=


46





As of rightlkfkdkj

















vfHkdYi-lquhrk flag

varLk~


futkr ik ldrs gSaA






1-Ofaumlxr dkjk


3-vdknfed vlQyrk




2-



25

varLk~




4- ikfjokfjd

















26

varLk~



eksrh tSls dk cudj]


Nk rqe ckny cudjA



uHk ij tkdj esk cus






























i cny tc fiky x rqe







khry lcdks djrk gSA





iwtk feJk

27


varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k

vkReeaFku




dqN gYdk gks tksA























































28

varLk~

lkfgR k=k dfork





















lykg ns MkyhA












vkdkakk jkuk] Nk=k

dkafr tSu



jghenkl

29

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k



























tkrk gS






















rjg tSls









ukfg

vc

gfj

gSa

eSaSa

ljy HkVukxj

30

varLk~

fganh lkfgR lHkk











varesa ]



31

varLk~

ys[k





















ldrkA

(Good

ckSNkj













jgk gksA






















vkfnR kadj] Nk=

32

varLk~
































viokn Hkh d lR gSA









vkodrk gh Dk gS


















vuqjkx dSFky] Nk=


33

varLk~

vyadkj








kksHkkdkjd keZ gSaA


























^paaeligkyksd



















muds














^lkSanaZy~adkjA







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lsquooSfplaquorsquo


34

varLk~












vkRek ugha fl) fdkA


















^dkOkyadkj

^vyadkj lkjlaxzg

^paaeligyksd

^dqoykuan ^jlxaxkkj

^dfofccedilk


^vyadkj eatwkk










^fo|k nnkfr foue~

35

varLk~

jktHkkkk fganh


vuqPNsn 120

vuqPNsn 210





















36

varLk~























37




















jktHkkkk ccedildksB






varLk~


38

varLk~







dgks jktk cksykA









vc ns[kdj irk djksA








ns[k vkbZa


dSlh gS


rc jgu nksA






39

varLk~








gkiexcl] vUunkrk


















40

varLk~













1 vfkdkj ks=

2 dkZks=

(d) laa= LFky pu

rduhdh ys[k

41

varLk~








([k) fuekZk

(x) dehku

(k) ccedilpkyu



















IV

42

varLk~























lkjkak


43

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k



































































fujkgkjk ksfxuh


46frac12

44

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k







































































mn~k`rfrac12

45

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k




















fopkjkh gSA

















+




















vuwi Loi] iwoZ Nk=


46





As of rightlkfkdkj

















vfHkdYi-lquhrk flag

varLk~




4- ikfjokfjd

















26

varLk~



eksrh tSls dk cudj]


Nk rqe ckny cudjA



uHk ij tkdj esk cus






























i cny tc fiky x rqe







khry lcdks djrk gSA





iwtk feJk

27


varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k

vkReeaFku




dqN gYdk gks tksA























































28

varLk~

lkfgR k=k dfork





















lykg ns MkyhA












vkdkakk jkuk] Nk=k

dkafr tSu



jghenkl

29

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k



























tkrk gS






















rjg tSls









ukfg

vc

gfj

gSa

eSaSa

ljy HkVukxj

30

varLk~

fganh lkfgR lHkk











varesa ]



31

varLk~

ys[k





















ldrkA

(Good

ckSNkj













jgk gksA






















vkfnR kadj] Nk=

32

varLk~
































viokn Hkh d lR gSA









vkodrk gh Dk gS


















vuqjkx dSFky] Nk=


33

varLk~

vyadkj








kksHkkdkjd keZ gSaA


























^paaeligkyksd



















muds














^lkSanaZy~adkjA







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lsquooSfplaquorsquo


34

varLk~












vkRek ugha fl) fdkA


















^dkOkyadkj

^vyadkj lkjlaxzg

^paaeligyksd

^dqoykuan ^jlxaxkkj

^dfofccedilk


^vyadkj eatwkk










^fo|k nnkfr foue~

35

varLk~

jktHkkkk fganh


vuqPNsn 120

vuqPNsn 210





















36

varLk~























37




















jktHkkkk ccedildksB






varLk~


38

varLk~







dgks jktk cksykA









vc ns[kdj irk djksA








ns[k vkbZa


dSlh gS


rc jgu nksA






39

varLk~








gkiexcl] vUunkrk


















40

varLk~













1 vfkdkj ks=

2 dkZks=

(d) laa= LFky pu

rduhdh ys[k

41

varLk~








([k) fuekZk

(x) dehku

(k) ccedilpkyu



















IV

42

varLk~























lkjkak


43

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k



































































fujkgkjk ksfxuh


46frac12

44

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k







































































mn~k`rfrac12

45

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k




















fopkjkh gSA

















+




















vuwi Loi] iwoZ Nk=


46





As of rightlkfkdkj

















vfHkdYi-lquhrk flag

varLk~



eksrh tSls dk cudj]


Nk rqe ckny cudjA



uHk ij tkdj esk cus






























i cny tc fiky x rqe







khry lcdks djrk gSA





iwtk feJk

27


varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k

vkReeaFku




dqN gYdk gks tksA























































28

varLk~

lkfgR k=k dfork





















lykg ns MkyhA












vkdkakk jkuk] Nk=k

dkafr tSu



jghenkl

29

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k



























tkrk gS






















rjg tSls









ukfg

vc

gfj

gSa

eSaSa

ljy HkVukxj

30

varLk~

fganh lkfgR lHkk











varesa ]



31

varLk~

ys[k





















ldrkA

(Good

ckSNkj













jgk gksA






















vkfnR kadj] Nk=

32

varLk~
































viokn Hkh d lR gSA









vkodrk gh Dk gS


















vuqjkx dSFky] Nk=


33

varLk~

vyadkj








kksHkkdkjd keZ gSaA


























^paaeligkyksd



















muds














^lkSanaZy~adkjA







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lsquooSfplaquorsquo


34

varLk~












vkRek ugha fl) fdkA


















^dkOkyadkj

^vyadkj lkjlaxzg

^paaeligyksd

^dqoykuan ^jlxaxkkj

^dfofccedilk


^vyadkj eatwkk










^fo|k nnkfr foue~

35

varLk~

jktHkkkk fganh


vuqPNsn 120

vuqPNsn 210





















36

varLk~























37




















jktHkkkk ccedildksB






varLk~


38

varLk~







dgks jktk cksykA









vc ns[kdj irk djksA








ns[k vkbZa


dSlh gS


rc jgu nksA






39

varLk~








gkiexcl] vUunkrk


















40

varLk~













1 vfkdkj ks=

2 dkZks=

(d) laa= LFky pu

rduhdh ys[k

41

varLk~








([k) fuekZk

(x) dehku

(k) ccedilpkyu



















IV

42

varLk~























lkjkak


43

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k



































































fujkgkjk ksfxuh


46frac12

44

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k







































































mn~k`rfrac12

45

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k




















fopkjkh gSA

















+




















vuwi Loi] iwoZ Nk=


46





As of rightlkfkdkj

















vfHkdYi-lquhrk flag

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k

vkReeaFku




dqN gYdk gks tksA























































28

varLk~

lkfgR k=k dfork





















lykg ns MkyhA












vkdkakk jkuk] Nk=k

dkafr tSu



jghenkl

29

varLk~

lkfgR k=k ys[k



























tkrk gS






















rjg tSls









ukfg

vc

gfj

gSa

eSaSa

ljy HkVukxj

30

varLk~

fganh lkfgR lHkk











varesa ]



31

varLk~

ys[k





















ldrkA

(Good

ckSNkj













jgk gksA






















vkfnR kadj] Nk=

32

varLk~
































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46frac12

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46frac12

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46frac12

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38

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46frac12

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41

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43

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46frac12

44

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43

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46frac12

44

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46frac12

44

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43

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46frac12

44

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46frac12

44

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46frac12

44

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46frac12

44

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46frac12

44

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46frac12

44

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46frac12

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46frac12

44

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