asma bronkial idk
TRANSCRIPT
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Asma Bronkial
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Definisi
• NHLBI (2007): penyait inflamasi kronik saluran napas dimana banyak sel berperan terutama sel mast, eosinofil, limfosit T, makrofag, netrofil, dan epitel.
• PNAA (2004): mengi berulang dan atau batuk persisten dgn karakteristik sbb: timbul episodik, cenderung pada malam/dini hari, musiman, setelah aktivitas fisik, dan ada riwayat asma atau atopi lain pd pasien atau keluarganya.
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Etiologi
3-5 % belum dapat ditetapkan, tetapi ada hubungan erat dengan alergi.
(respirologi – EGC)
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Epidemiologi
• Berdasarkan SKRT 10 besar penyakit peyebab morbiditas&mortalitas di indonesia.
• Prevalens tertinggi asma di usia <18thn, menurun dgn pertambahan usia, tertinggi di usia prasekolah 0-4 tahun.
• P > W pada dewasa P = W.• Ras kulit hitam non hispanik > ras kulit putih &
ras hispanik.
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Faktor Resiko
• Faktor Host genetik• Faktor Lingkungan alergen, polusi, asap
rokok, occupational factor, infeksi saluran napas, status sos-eko, dsb.
alergenindoor
outdoor
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Faktor resiko asma dewasa• Gender P > W• Usia• Riwayat atopi• Lingkungan• Ras• Asap rokok• Outdoor air pollution• Infeksi respiratorik
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Klasifikasi: Berdasarkan derajat
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Patogenesis
• Gen asma ADAM-33• Epithelial-mesenchymal trophic unit (EMTU)
berkaitan dengan airway remodelling• Proses inflamasi akut dan kronis
- reaksi fase cepat- reaksi fase lambat
• Airway remodelling
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Patogenesis & Patofisiologi
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Manifestasi Klinis
• Batuk, awalnya tanpa sekret, perkembangan selanjutnya mengeluarkan sekret mukoid, putih, kadang purulen.
• Sesak napas• Mengi/ wheezing• Rasa berat didada• Bersifat episodik, seringkali reversibel dgn/tanpa
pengobatan• Timbul memburuk malam/dini hari• Ada faktor pencetus• Mungkin disertai pilek/bersin.
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Diagnosis
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• Pemeriksaan fisik:
• Pemeriksaan penunjang:
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Referensi
• Ilmu Penyakit dalam – PAPDI• Respirologi – EGC• Buku Ajar Ilmu PenyakitParu 2010 – Unair• Pedoman Diagnosis & Penatalaksanaan Asma
di Indonesia – PPDI• Pedoman Nasional Asma Anak – IDAI• www.discoverymedicine.com