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ELURU COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

N.ASWINI1ST MBAROLL NO:14JD1E0036IBM INTRODUCTION

TheInternational Business Machines Corporation(commonly referred to asIBM) is anAmericanmultinationaltechnology and consultingcorporation, with headquarters inArmonk, New York. IBM manufactures and markets computerhardwareandsoftware, and offersinfrastructure,hostingandconsulting servicesin areas ranging frommainframe computerstonanotechnology.The company originated in 1911 as theComputing-Tabulating-Recording Company(CTR) through a merger of theTabulating Machine Company, theInternational Time Recording Company, and the Computing Scale Company.CTR was changed to "International Business Machines" in 1924, using a name which had originated with CTR's Canadian subsidiary. The initialismIBMfollowed. Securities analysts nicknamed the companyBig Bluefor its size and common use of the color in products, packaging, and logo.IBM has constantly evolved since its inception. Over the past decade, it has steadily shifted itsbusiness mixby exitingcommoditizing markets such asPCs,hard disk drivesandDRAMsand focusing on higher-value, more profitable markets such asbusiness intelligence,data analytics,business continuity, security,cloud computing,virtualizationand green solutions,resulting in a higher quality revenue stream and higher profit margins. IBM's operating margin expanded from 16.8% in 2004 to 24.3% in 2013, and net profit margins expanded from 9.0% in 2004 to 16.5% in 2013.

HISTORY

In the 1880s, three technologies emerged that would ultimately form the core of what would become International Business Machines (IBM). Julius E. Pitrat patented the computing scale in 1885;Alexander Dey invented the dial recorder (1888);andHerman Hollerithpatented theElectric Tabulating Machine andWillard Bundyinvented a time clock to record a worker's arrival and departure time on a paper tape in 1889.On June 16, 1911, these technologies and their respective companies were merged byCharles Ranlett Flintto form theComputing-Tabulating-Recording Company.TheNew York City-based company had 1,300 employees and offices and plants in Endicott and Binghamton, New York; Dayton, Ohio; Detroit, Michigan; Washington, D.C.; and Toronto, Ontario. It manufactured and sold machinery ranging from commercial scales and industrial time recorders to meat and cheese slicers, along with tabulators and punched cards.Flint recruitedThomas J. Watson, Sr., formerly of theNational Cash Register Company, to help lead the company in 1914.Watson implemented "generous sales incentives, a focus on customer service, an insistence on well-groomed, dark-suited salesmen and an evangelical fervor for instilling company pride and loyalty in every worker".His favorite slogan, "THINK", became a mantra for C-T-R's employees, and within 11 months of joining C-T-R, Watson became its president..The company focused on providing large-scale, custom-built tabulating solutions for businesses, leaving the market for small office products to others. During Watson's first four years, revenues more than doubled to $9 million and the company's operations expanded to Europe, South America, Asia, and Australia.

COMPANY CEO

Ginni Rometty is Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer of IBM. Mrs. Rometty was appointed President and CEO effective January 1, 2012. She became Chairman of the Board of Directors on October 1, 2012.Mrs. Rometty began her career with IBM in 1981 in Detroit, Michigan. Since then she has held a series of leadership positions in IBM, most recently as Senior Vice President and Group Executive, IBM Sales, Marketing and Strategy. In this role, she was responsible for business results in the 170 global markets in which IBM operates and pioneered IBM's rapid expansion in the emerging economies of the world.Prior to this, Mrs. Rometty served as Senior Vice President, IBM Global Business Services, where she led the successful integration of PricewaterhouseCoopers Consulting. This acquisition was the largest in professional services history, creating a global team of more than 100,000 business consultants and services experts. In recognition of her leadership in the professional services industry, Mrs. Rometty was honored with the Carl Sloane Award 2006, given by the Association of Management Consulting Firms.In prior leadership roles, Mrs. Rometty served as general manager of IBM Global Services, Americas, as well as general manager of IBM's Global Insurance and Financial Services Sector.Mrs. Rometty serves on the Council on Foreign Relations; the Board of Trustees of Northwestern University; and the Board of Overseers and Board of Managers of Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center.She holds a Bachelor of Science degree with high honors in computer science and electrical engineering from Northwestern University.

Board of directors of company

William R. Brody, 71Kenneth I. Chenault, 63Michael L. Eskew, 65David N. Farr, 60Alex Gorsky, 54Shirley Ann Jackson, 68W. James McNerney, Jr., 65

Awards

IBM Employment Rankings & AwardsGlobalNorth AmericaEuropeJapanAsia PacificIndiaLatin AmericaCentral & Eastern Europe, Middle East & AfricaUniversum RankingsResponsibility reports

Over the 100 years of IBMs existence, we have developed and refined a thoughtful and comprehensive approach to corporate citizenship that we believe aligns with IBMs values and maximizes the positive impact of which we, as a global enterprise, are capable. We do this in four ways:We identify and act upon new opportunities to apply our technology and expertise to societal problems.We scale our existing programs and initiatives to achieve maximum benefitWe empower our employees and others to serve their communities.We integrate corporate citizenship and social responsibility into every aspect of our company.We focus our community engagement and corporate service programs on specific societal issues, including the environment, community economic development, education, health, literacy, language and culture. These are areas of urgent societal needs where we can apply IBMs technology and talent to solve problems, rather than simply making cash donations. We believe that direct action and collaboration, not spare change, are the path to real change.In all of our community service efforts, we aim to provide leadership, and we insist on excellence. Whether its using voice recognition technology to help children learn to read or cloud computing to make disaster relief tools available instantly to recovery workers, we expect to effect widespread positive change. And we work closely with highly qualified partners who are deeply committed to the same outcomes. This is our approach to stakeholder engagement: to collaborate with leading organizations to evolve meaningful and sustainable solutions.