Audio Sequencing

Audio Sequencing Workshop for Beginners

A sequencer is a virtual multitracker where you can

record, edit and

mix your material.

The most used sequencers are:

• Steinberg Cubase (VST, LE, SX, 4)

• Apple Logic

• Digidesign Pro Tools

녹음과정

• 준비

• 녹음

• 오버더빙 (overdubbing)

• 믹싱 (mixing, mixdown)

• 마스터링 (mastering)

• 제품 제조

Audio Sequencing Workshop:

Recording

• Cubase new project name (like "song1") save to the

hard disc

• preferences check: sampling rate 44.1kHz, bitrate 24 bit

(The 24 bit gives us more dynamic while recording. The 44,1kHz is

a standard.)

▶ Record button on the transport-window recording

▶ Next tracks recording

▶ Don’t forget to name the tracks correctly.

Tracks color

▶ pink and purple tracks guitar tracks (L and R)

▶ blue track bass-track

▶ orange bongos

▶ green vocals You might have your own!

Audio Sequencing Workshop: Editing

• Editing is cutting and re-arranging parts so they fit

properly into

the song arrangement.

• The most important tool in the edit process is

cutting and fading. We need this to put two regions

in a line or to fade in/out a part smoothly.

Cutting At Zero Crossing

How you do it wrong:

The right way:

Fade In/Out

The region-fade:

The volume-fade:

Crossfades Audio > Crossfade

Removing Silence And Mute Regions

Muting and cutting clean:

Cleaned Tom track:

(Don't forget the fade-ins and fade-outs!)

Our arrangement should now, after the editing, look like this:

Audio Sequencing Workshop: Mixing

1. Input / Output

2. Trim and Phase Reverse

3. Inserts 1-6

4. Inserts 6-8

5. Pan/Balance

6. Mute and Solo

7. Channel fader

8. Automation Read/Write

9. Edit channel window

10. Insert / EQ / Send-Bypass

11.Listen Input

12.Record activation

13.Show Inserts / EQs / Sends

14.Mixer view setting

Equalizer

• Lo Cut/Hi Pass

Cuts a lot (about 24dB/Octave) under the cutoff-frequency.

(Ex: Cleaning tracks of low rumble and unnecessary information.)

• Lo Shelve / Hi Shelve

Cuts / adds in the basses or highs

• Shelving / Peak type

Cuts / adds around the cutoff-frequency.

• High Cut/Lo Pass

To cut high frequencies.

Dynamics

Dynamics control the volume of audio-signal.

• Noise gate (Ex: Everything between 2 kick drum-hits is being

muted.)

• Compressor (Ex: Loud vocals are being reduced so the quiet

signals are more even.)

• Limiter (Ex: A limiter in the Insert of the Master fader so in the

bounce there is no distorting signal above 0dB.)

• Multiband-Compressor (Ex: A static fat bass of a kick drum,

but the

highs are kept dynamic.)

Panorama / Balance

• Panorama / balance is used to place an audio signal

in the

stereo mix, from the very left, the mid to the very

right.

• Panorama knobs are for mono signals.

Reverb Using reverberation as an aftereffect gives you the possibility to control the

room in the mix.

But we have to "feed" the fx-tracks. For this we will create aux-sends.

Let's do this for the vocals. We will send signals to the short reverb. If

we fade out the vocal-track, the reverb shall decrease too so we will use

one of the post fader-sends (2, 4, 6 or 8):

The Bongos shall have a little bit short reverb and lots of the long

reverb, there we go:

Special Effects and Automation

Try effects like Chorus, Flanger, Modulation, Delay, Distortion,

Rotary or Tremolo for unique sounds in your songs.

Ex: telephone-voice

Bouncing

• Bouncing is the same like "Mixdown", "Rendering" or

similar.

• When a signal is above 0dB, the signal will distort.

Therefore we will use a limiter in the insert of the

main-output.

Audio Sequencing Workshop:

Mastering• For more songs the process looks a little bit

different.

Benjamin Kapidzic

• Benjamin Kapidzic, born in 1984,

lives in Hamburg (Germany).

• Studied audio-engineering at the

SAE-college and works as an

live/studio engineer and is

mixing/producing several

projects.

• Need help with your projects?

For more information contact:

kapv@gmx.de

Summary, QnASummary, QnA