avoiding addictions
DESCRIPTION
Avoiding Addictions. Addiction And The Dimensions Of Health. Characteristics Of College Drug Users. Why Students Don ’ t Use Drugs. Why Students Use Drugs. Often Misused Over-the-Counter Medications. Nasal Spray. Avoid Misuse of OTC Medications By:. Laxatives. Eye Drops. Sleep Aids. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Chapter 12
Elizabeth Lytle, MPH, BSN, RN Los Altos School District
Avoiding Addictions
Addiction And The Dimensions Of Health
Characteristics Of College Drug Users
Illicit Drug UsersInappropriate
Prescription Drug UseSingle, White, Male White, male or female
Lower GPA Lower GPA
Less likely to report good physical or mental health
Less likely to report good physical or mental health
Sexually activeKnow faculty or administration
Less religious values
Why Students Don’t Use Drugs
Spirituality and Religion
Academic Engagement
Perceived Harmfulness
Athletics
Why Students Use Drugs
Genetics and family history
Sexual Identity
Social Influences and Norms
Race/
Ethnicity
Mental Health Problems
Substance Use In Highschool
Parental Attitudes and Behavior
Positive Expectations
Often Misused Over-the-Counter Medications
Nasal Spray Laxatives
Eye Drops Sleep Aids
Pain Killers Cough Syrup
Avoid Misuse of OTC Medications By:
Avoid using for several days in a row
Use fiber and exercise instead
Avoid using for several days in a row
Practice sleep hygiene
Take only when needed Many active
ingredients are ineffective
Prescription Medications
Considerations for taking prescription drugs:
Non-adherence
Most common problem – Ask how to take medication
Take entire course
Side Effects
Physical and psychological side effects are possible
Review information on side effects
Drug Interactions
OTC and prescription drugs interact with each other
Alcohol interferes with drugs
Read label to check for interactions
Prescription Drug Abuse Is Increasing
Highest nonmedical use of prescription medication is among
young adults age 18 to 25
Most widely abused medications are prescription stimulants and pain
killers
Prescription Drug Abuse Carries Danger
Stimulants
High doses:
• Increase addiction risk
• Panic attacks• Aggressive behavior• Suicidal or homicidal impulses
Side Effects:• Increased blood pressure• Headache• Cardio-respiratory problems
Prescription Drug Abuse Carries Danger
Pain Killers
Addictive
Usually requires medical detoxification
May require medication and therapy
Types of Drug Abuse
Drug Abuse is broken down into several categories:
AbusePattern of use resulting in negative consequences or impairment
DependencePattern of continuing substance use despite symptoms
MisuseTaking drug for purpose or person other than the one intended
Not taking recommended dose
DiversionTransfer of medication from person it was prescribed to another
Causes of Drug Dependence and Abuse
BiologyDopamine release from drugs can change pathways in the brain
Vulnerability
Difficulty controlling impulses
Lack of values
Low self-esteem, powerlessness
Depression
Early Influences
Drug abuse during adolescence or parent drug use
Cannabis Is Most Widely Abused Substance
Names: Marijuana, pot, hashish, hash
EffectHeightened sensations
Relaxation
Increased confidence
Risks
• Depression• Impaired fertility• Diminished immune responses• Memory loss, difficulty learning, psychotic symptoms
WithdrawalInsomnia, restlessness, loss of appetite, irritability
Common Names Of Club Drugs
Ecstasy GHB Nitrites GBL
Love drug hug Beans Herbal
X Georgia home boy Cloud 9 Liquid Ecstasy Herbal bliss XTC G
Grievous bodily harm
Ecstasy GHB Nitrites GBL
Love drug hug Beans Herbal
X Georgia home boy Cloud 9 Liquid Ecstasy Herbal bliss XTC G
Grievous bodily harm
Club Drug – Ecstasy
Ecstasy, E, XTC, X, hug, beans, love drug
EffectMood elevator
Relaxed, euphoric state
Enhance sensory experience
Risks
• Psychological difficulties• Death of young, healthy 16-24 year old• Hyperthermia, severe dehydration• Dangerous increase in blood pressure• Stroke and heart attack• Risk to developing fetus
Club Drug – GHB and GBL
GHB, G, Georgia home boy, grievous bodily harm, liquid ecstasy
EffectSedative while producing euphoria
Heightened sexuality
Risks
• Amnesia (‘date rape’ drug)• Pass out and fall into coma or die• Hallucinations• Decreased heart rate• Convulsions• Addictive
Club Drug – Nitrites
Amyl, butyl and isobutyl nitrite
EffectFeeling of high with slowed sense of time
Intensified sexual experience
Carefree sense of well-being
Risks
• Headache• Drop in blood pressure• Changes in heart rate• Increased pressure in eyes• Skin flushing• Chronic use: chemical burn, skin lesion
Club Drug – Herbal Ecstasy
Herbal bliss, cloud 9, herbal X
EffectFeeling of high with slowed sense of time
Intensified sexual experience
Carefree sense of well-being
Risks
• Stroke• Heart attack• Disfiguring skin condition• Large variation in ingredients because sold as herbal alternative
Stimulant Drugs– Cocaine
INSERT FIGURE 12.4 pg 411: Some effects of cocaine on the body. Center on pageCoke, snow, lady, crack
Effect
Soaring well-being
Boundless energy
Feel enormous physical and mental ability
Risks See next slide
Withdrawal
Depression and fatigue
Vivid and disturbing dreams
Anxiety and irritability
Increased appetite
Cocaine’s Effect On The Body
Stimulant Drugs– Khat
INSERT FIGURE 12.4 pg 411: Some effects of cocaine on the body. Center on pageKat, catha, chat, abyssinian tea
EffectReduces appetite
Alleviates fatigue
Risks
Compulsive use creates:• Manic behavior• Grandiose illusions• Paranoia• Hallucinations
Depressant Drugs - Benzodiazepines
Librium, diazepam, Serax, Ativan, Dalmane, Xanax
EffectTension relief
Loosening of sexual or aggressive inhibitions
RisksDependence develops in 2-4 weeks
Cross-tolerance
Impaired judgment and aggression
Withdrawal From Benzodiazepines
Withdrawal
Malaise or weakness
Sweating and rapid pulse
Tremors
Nausea or vomiting
Insomnia
Temporary hallucinations
Anxiety or irritability
Grand Mal seizures
Depressant Drugs - Opiods
Morphine, codeine, heroin (horse, junk, smack, downtown)
EffectRelaxation
Pain relief
Risks
Rapid development of dependence
Lethargy and weight loss
Loss of sexual drive
Anxiety
Insomnia
Restlessness
Craving for drug
Depressant Drugs - Opiods
Withdrawal
Irritability, nausea, vomiting
Muscle aches
Runny nose or eyes
Dilated pupils
Sweating
Diarrhea
Yawning
Fever
Insomnia
Hallucinogens – LSD
Acid, lysergic acid diethylamide, peyote
EffectVivid and unusual changes in thought, feeling and perceptions
WithdrawalDoes not create dependence, can be stopped at any time
Dissociative Drugs– Ketamine
K, Special-K, vitamin K
EffectHallucinations
Distorted perceptions of time and space
Risks
Date-rape drug
Impaired attention and memory
Potentially deadly breathing problems
Paranoia
Single use can produce long-term memory loss and ‘flashbacks’
Dissociative Drugs– PCP
Phencyclidine, Sernyl, angel dust, peace pill, lovely, green
Effect
Utterly unpredictable• hallucinations or euphoria• emptiness or numbness• violent behavior• irreversible psychosis
Risks
Suicide
Permanent psychosis after only one use
Stupor that lasts days
Increased blood pressure and heart rate
Dissociative Drugs– Salvia
Effect
Hallucinations
Psychotomimetic episodes
Greatly altered perception of reality and self
RisksDEA lists it as a drug with high potential for abuse
Inhalants – A Risk For Young People
Only alcohol is more widely used than inhalants
EffectSlightly stimulated
Less inhibited
Risks
Interference with thinking and impulse control
Irritation of throat, lungs and nose
Nausea and headache
Tolerance occurs
Suffocation
Cardiac arrhythmia