b lukeiou luseis
TRANSCRIPT
-
B
ISBN 978-960-06-4822-5
: 0-22-0220
(01) 000000 0 22 0220 4
-
22-0220_01-15x22.5.indd 1 6/6/2014 2:43:07
-
& , - / & / .
E .
1 ' , 2013 2 ' , 2013
, Msc , 5 , . , , , - , , 1 , , - , , . , , , , - , . ,
, ,
,
, - -
. ... . - .
3 4 ' -, 2013
, , 3 , , 1 , , 56 , , ...
, , 6 , . ..... , , 4
, ,
, ,
22-0220_01-15x22.5.indd 2 12/6/2014 12:47:27
-
& , - / & / .
E .
OIO II I
22-0220_01-15x22.5.indd 3 6/6/2014 2:45:09
-
22-0220_01-15x22.5.indd 4 3/6/2014 1:43:11
-
1. Qn.Q=nqe,
, :
A. n = 1019e
. n = 1016e
. n = 1013e
. n = 1010e
. n = 107e
2. Coulomb:
()
A.
.
3.Coulomb
4. q.-:
5.
q-F1F2Q1Q2.
1
2
22-0220_01-15x22.5.indd 5 12/6/2014 12:31:10
-
:
F=F1-F2 F=(43,2-28,8)N F = 14,4N F1.
6.
() = ()-() () = 0,8m
FA, F Q2 :
F = FA+FB F = 0,55N
FA, F .
7.
:
. Coulomb
: =2107/C
Q.
6
22-0220_01-15x22.5.indd 6 3/6/2014 1:43:12
-
8. ,
9.
10.
1 2.
:
= 1-2 = 20105/C
1.
11. A. :
x.
. q2 :
.
12. , , x . +2C +8C, - ( ).
O,1
4
7
22-0220_01-15x22.5.indd 7 12/6/2014 12:31:41
-
x1 = 0,1m q1q2 > 0
x2 = 0,3m q1q2 < 0
( x2 = 0,3m () ()).
13. - - q1 q2 - ,
()=()= .
:
:
1 2 .
:
= 2000 /C 45 1 2.
8
22-0220_01-15x22.5.indd 8 12/6/2014 12:32:03
-
14. .
:F
= q=B q=3210-5C
15. .:
(1)
= 45 = 1 (2)
(3)
r2 = (AB)2 = 2 (4)
(3)(4): .
9
Q C= 2 10 6
22-0220_01-15x22.5.indd 9 12/6/2014 12:32:28
-
16. :
= 18107/C
B = 36107/C
= 17,46107/C
= 35,28107/C
():
= -
= 0,54107/C
():
= -
= 0,72107/C
:
= 0,75.
17. A. : (1)
: (2)
. : (3)
(3) F = 12106 (2) = 1,2m/s2
(1) : x = 0,6m.
10
22-0220_01-15x22.5.indd 10 3/6/2014 1:43:13
-
. :
k = 7,210-6Joule.
18. F , F -
-
.
: (1)
:
19. :
U = -0,54Joule
20. :
r = 0,4m.
21. U = -10,810-4Joule.
22. : V = 6104V.
23. r = 0,45m.
24. A. : U = qV U = -2010-6J. . -
+20106Joule .
11
22-0220_01-15x22.5.indd 11 12/6/2014 12:32:50
-
25. Q1 = +2C Q2 = +18C - d = 16cm.
A. x . Q1 Q2.
1=
2
x1=0,04m x2=-0,8m
.
. VM = V1+V2 (1)
(2)
(3)
(1) (2) (3) : VM=18105V.
26. A. r1 = 2m:
r2 = 4m:
. U1 = qV1 U1 = 910-3J
. WF = q(V1-V2) WF = 910-3J.
27. A. : -: U = -28,810-20J.
. :
(1)
12
22-0220_01-15x22.5.indd 12 3/6/2014 1:43:13
-
Coulomb :
(2)
(1) (2) :
:
= 14,410-20J.
. = U+K : = -14,410-20J.
28. A. :
:
VM = 110,52103V.
.
V
= -108103V.
29. A. :
.
13
22-0220_01-15x22.5.indd 13 3/6/2014 1:43:13
-
30. :
= 11105m/s.
31.A. ,.
= U = qV
= +62,5107J
.
32. A. .
. :
= 2510-6J.
33. S = 200cm2210-2m2 .
:
= 1 :
C = 3,5410-10F.
34. :
= 1mm.
14
62,5 10
22-0220_01-15x22.5.indd 14 12/6/2014 12:35:00
-
35. A. : : C = 4,4310-10F.
. : Q = CV Q = 88610-10C.
37.
= 160V/m
38. = 0,2m.
39. A. . :
WF = qV = 1810-6Joule
. - - . , :
WF = -9V = -1810-6Joule
15
36. ( ) C = 210-6F
Q = CV = 30010-6C
V = 150V
E = V/ = 7.500V/m
( )
22-0220_01-15x22.5.indd 15 3/6/2014 1:43:14
-
40. A. = qV = 3,210-15J.
. : : .
41. F=0 F
= (1)
(2)
(1) (2) : q = 6,410-19C.
42.
(1)
(2)
(1) (2) :
:
.
43. A. :
Vm
. VK
= VK-V V = VK- VK V = -800V.
44. :
Vcm
() VK
:
16
22-0220_01-15x22.5.indd 16 12/6/2014 12:35:57
-
:
A. :
W
= qV
W
= 1210-4J.
. W
- ( V
= 0).
. W
( V
= 0)
17
22-0220_01-15x22.5.indd 17 3/6/2014 1:43:15
-
22-0220_01-15x22.5.indd 18 3/6/2014 1:43:15
-
1.
15qq x e x x 3 10e
= = =
q 24mA.t
= =
2. 4q eI I I e v I 9,28 10 A.t t
= = = =
3. ud ( ).
x s t s h = ud t, V = s h = s ud t.: d
xn x n V x n s u tV
= = =
: dn s u t eq x e I I
t t t
= = =
=
= =u In s e
u ms
u mmsd d d
1 25 10 12 54, , .
4.
5. .
6. Rs
=
(1)
mm d V m d s sd
= = =
(2)
(1), (2) 2dR R 52,5 .
m
= =
2
o1
o 211 2 2 1 2
o 2 1 22
o
VR
I R2 R 2 R 2 s 2 s s 0, 4mm .
V R s sR2I
= = = = = ==
22-0220_01-15x22.5.indd 19 3/6/2014 1:43:15
-
7. , : sV V s s s = = =
(1)
:
2R R 4m.R R = = =
8. =
(1 + ) 2
=
(1 + ) 2 = 1 + = 1
1
=
= 256,4C.
, . , .
9.
10. 1 2R R R R 20 = + =
V I 5AR
= =
1 1 1V I R V 25V= =
2 2 2V I R V 75V.= =
11. 1 21 2 1 2
R R1 1 1 R R 20R R R R R
= + = =
+
V I 6AR
= =
1 11
V 4AR
= =
2 22
V I 2AR
= = .
11
22
1
2
2
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
11
=
=
= =+( )+( )
VRVR
II
RR
II
RR
II
o
o
==++
= 11
12480
2
1
1
grad .
20
Rs
Rs
RR
ss
=
=
=
( )1
22-0220_01-15x22.5.indd 20 3/6/2014 1:43:15
-
12. ) 1 212 121 2
R RR R 2
R R
= = +
12 3R R R R 6 = + =
V I 10AR
= =
3 3V I R V 40V V 40V = = =
A 12 A 1 2V I R V 20V V V 20V = = = =
( A AV 60 V V 20V = = )
1 11
V 20 AR 3 = =
2 22
V 10I AR 3 = =
3 10 . = =
) 23 2 3 23R R R R 90= + =
1 23
1 23
R RR R 9
R R
= = +
V I 10AR
= =
1 11
V9A
R = =
2 3 2 323
VI I I 1A
R = = = =
1 A 1V V V 90V= =
A 2 2 A 2V I R V 40V V 40V = = =
B 3 3 B 3V I R V 50V V 50V = = = .
13. 12 1 2 1 2R R R / R R 2= + =
123 12 3R R R 10= + =
45 4 5R R R 10= + =
123 45
123 45
R RR 5
R R
= = +
21
22-0220_01-15x22.5.indd 21 3/6/2014 1:43:16
-
V 12AR
= =
3123
VI 6A
R= =
3 3 3V R V 48V V 48V = = =
A 3 12 A 1 2V R V 12V V V 12V = = = =
1 11
V4A
R = =
2 5 4 545
VI I I 6A
R = = = =
A 4 4 A 4V R V 42V V 42V = = =
4 5 5V R V 18V V 18V. = = =
14. 24V 14
= =
34V 14
= =
1 2 3 1I I I 2A= + =
1 2 1 1V I R V 4V= =
123 1 23 123V V V V 8V= + =
45 123 45V V V 8V= =
4545 45 A
45
VI I 0,5A I 0,5A
R= = =
1 45I I I I 2,5A= + =
123123 x x 123 x x
V VV V I R IR V V R R 0,8 .
I
= = = =
15. = 10cm
R R R 50 = =
( )R R R 70 = + =
V 0,28R
= =
V 0,2 .R
= =
22
22-0220_01-15x22.5.indd 22 3/6/2014 1:43:16
-
16. ) 12 1 2 12R R R R 3= + = , 34 3 4 34R R R R 15= + =
12 1212
V 10AR
= =
34 3434
V 2AR
= =
12 1V I R V 20V V V 20V = = (1)
B 34 3 B BV I R V 10V V V 10V = = (2)
( ) ( ) .2 1 10 20 10 = = V V V VA B AB
) R5 .
: 4 5454 5
R RR
R R
=+
(3)
345 3 45R R R= + (4)
12 1212
VI I 10AR
= =
345 345 345345 3 45 45
V 30 30I I IR R R 5 R
= = =+ +
12 1 AV R V 20V V V 20V = = = (5)
345 3 B45 45
30 150V I R V 5 V V5 R 5 R
= = =+ +
(6)
( ) ( ) A B45 45
150 1506 , 5 V V 20 0 205 R 5 R
= = + +
45 4545
150 20 50 20 R R 2,55 R
= = = +
(3) : 510R .3
=
17. ) :
23
22-0220_01-15x22.5.indd 23 3/6/2014 1:43:16
-
.
, 1 1 1 1 1 3 RR R 10
R R R R R R 3 = + + = = = .
) :
R R RRR R 2
= =+
ABR 3RR R R R2 2
= + = + =
2
AB
AB
3R 3RRR R 3R2 2R 18 .3R 5RR R 5R2 2
= = = = =
+ +
18. .
: 1
1 2
V1A
R R = =
+
: V 0 =
V V 0 V V V 0V = = =
B 2 B BV V V 0 V 10 V 10V. = = =
( )A B 1 A A AV V I R V 10 1 10 V 10 10 V 0V = = + = =
B 2V V I R 10 V 1 10 V 10 10 V 20V. = = = =
19. , R2 , .
: 1
V 1AR
= = .
, R2 R
3
R1. :
2 323
2 3
R RR 10
R R
= = +
24
22-0220_01-15x22.5.indd 24 3/6/2014 1:43:17
-
1 23R R R 20 = + =
V 0,5AR
= =
1 1V I R 5V= =
2 3 23V V I R 5V= = =
22
2
V0,25A
R = =
33
3
V0,25A
R = = .
20. ) R .
: ABRR4
= R RA =
34
AB1 1 1
AB
V 60 240I IRR R4
= = =
2 2 260
34
2403
= = =
VR
IR
IR
AB
A
: ARR2
=
: A 2 A A240 RV I R V V 40V.3R 2
= = =
) V 0 =
: RR4
=
2
240 RV I R V V 20V3R 4
= = =
V V 20V 0 V 20V V 20V. = = =
21. R1 R
4 , R
14 = 10, R
2 R
3 , R
23 = 10,
R14
R23
, R
= 5.: 3 3 3 3 3V I R V 2 6 V 12V= = =
2 3 2 2 2V I R V 2 4 V 8V= = =
: 2 3V V V V 20V = + =
: 4 414
V2A.
R = =
25
22-0220_01-15x22.5.indd 25 3/6/2014 1:43:17
-
22. .
: 1 3
V 2AR R
= =+
: c 3V V V I R 2 10 20V = = = = =: cq C V q 400 C.= =
23. : V7R
= (1)
(1)
A A AV 5VV I 5R V 5R V7R 7
= = = (2)
(1)
1 1 A 1 15Vq C V q C7
= = (3)
(1) V 3VV I 3R V 3R V7R 7
= = = (4)
(4)
2 2 2 23Vq C V q C7
= =
(5)
: (3)
11 2 1 2(5)
2
C5V 3V 3q q C C .7 7 C 5
= = =
24. R .: 1 1R R R R 2R= + =
2 2R R RR RR R 2
= =+
: 2 2
1 11
V VP PR 2R
= =
2 2
2 22
V 2VP PR R
= =
: P2 > P1.
25. ) : 21 1P I R=
2
2 2P I R=
R1 > R2, P1 > P2.
) : 2
11
VPR
=
2
22
VPR
=
R1 > R2, 1 < P2.
26
22-0220_01-15x22.5.indd 26 12/6/2014 12:37:12
-
26. 1 2121 2
R RR 5
R R
= = +
123 12 3R R R 10= + = 123 4
1234123 4
R RR 9
R R
= = +
1234 5R R R 20 = + =
V 9AR
= =
5 5V I R 99V= =
1234 1234V I R 81V= =
12344
4
V0,9A
R = =
12343
123
V8,1A
R = =
3 3 3V I R 40,5V= =
12 3 12V I R 40,5V= =
121
1
V4,05A
R = =
122
2
V4,05A
R = =
21 1 1Q I R t 9.841,5J= =
22 2 2Q I R t 9.841,5J= =
23 3 3Q I R t 19.683J= =
24 4 4Q I R t 4.374J= =
Q I R t J5 2 5 5 346= = . .
27. 280 V t m c
100 R =
280 V t d V c100 R
=
2 33
6 3
80 220 10 4,18t 1 20 10 1 80 t 1727,27s t 0,48h100 10 10 10
= = =
27
22-0220_01-15x22.5.indd 27 3/6/2014 1:43:18
-
2VP P 4,84KWR
= =
W P t W 2,32KWh = =
, = 2,33KWh 0,1
KWh = 0,2.
28. : 1 1 1 1P V I I 6,81A= = : 2 2 2 2P V I I 9,09A= = : 3 3 3 3P V I I 4,54A= = : 4 4 4 4P V I I 2,27A= =
1 2 3 4I I I I I I 22,71A = + + + =
, 25.
: 1 2 3 4P P P P P P 5KW = + + + = .
W P t W 50KWh = = . = 50KWh0,1/Wh = 5.
29. ) 1 2R R R R 60 = + = V 2A
R = =
: 2 1P I R P 160W = =
) 1 3131 3
R RR 20
R R
= = +
13 2R R R R 40 = + =
VI I 3AR
= =
13 13 13V I R V 60V= =
131 1
1
V1,5A
R = =
21 1P I R P 90W = =
% % % % % , %.( ) = ( ) = ( ) = P PP
100 90 160160
43 75
30. R1 R
2 , 12 1 2R R R 6= + = .
R12
R3 , 12 3123
12 3
R RR 3
R R
= = +
.
R123
R4 123 4R R R 11 = + = .
28
22-0220_01-15x22.5.indd 28 3/6/2014 1:43:18
-
: 23
3 33
VP V 12V
R= = , 33
3
VI 2A
R= =
12V 12V= , 1212 1212
V2A
R = =
: 4 12 3 4I I I I 4A= + =
: 24 4 4 4P I R P 128W.= =
31. :3
86
100 10R R 1,8 10 R 180s 10 10
= = =
21 1
10 10P P I R P100 100
= =
2 310I 180 720 10 I 20A100
= =
11 1 1 1
PP V I V V 36.000V
I= = =
22 2 2 2
PP V I V V 32.400V
I= = = .
32. = 2000W VK = 200V.
: 2 2K K
KK
V VP R R 20
R P= = =
K K K K K K KP V I I P / V I 10A= = =
160V, :2 2V 160P P P 1280W
R 20= = =
V 160I I I 8A.R 20
= = =
33. = 1000W VK = 100V.
: KK K K K KK
PP V I I I 10A
V= = =
: K R R RV V 220 100 V 220 V 120V+ = + = =
: IR = 10A
: R RRR
V VI R R 12 .
R I= = =
29
22-0220_01-15x22.5.indd 29 3/6/2014 1:43:19
-
34. : ()
= 100W VK()
= 200V
: K( )K( )K( )
PI 0,5A
V
= = 2
( )
K( )
VR 400
R
= =
: ()
= 24V VK()
= 12V
:
K( )K( )
K( )
PI 2A
V
= =
2( )
K( )
VR 6
R
= =
:R R R R 406 = + =
VI I 0,49AR
= =
()
> I, .
35. ) :K
K K K K KK
PP V I I I 1,5A
V= = =
2 2
KK
V VP R R 40
R P
= = =
22 2 2
2
R R 40 40R R R 20R R 40 40
= = =
+ +
12 1 2 12 12R R R R 40 20 R 60 = + = + =
12
V 120I I I 2AR 60
= = =
2 2 2 2V I R V 2 20 V 40 = = =
IVR
I I A
= = =
2 4040
1 .
V2
< VK ( < ), .
) , V2
= 60V =
1,5.
: 22 2 22
V 60I I I 1,5A.R 40
= = =
: 3 2 3 3 . = + =
: 2 3 3 3V V V 120 60 V V 60V= + = + = .
: 3 33 3 33 3
V VI R R 20 .
R I= = =
30
22-0220_01-15x22.5.indd 30 3/6/2014 1:43:19
-
36. ( )1 1 11
I I R rR r
= = ++ (1)
( )2 2 22
I I R rR r
= = ++
(2)
(1) (2) : 10V= r 1= .
37. 1 1 1 1 11
V I R V RR r
= = +
(1)
2 2 2 2 22
V I R V RR r
= = +
(2)
(1) (2) : 30V= r 2 .=
38. 1 2
I I I 2A.R R R r
= = =+ +
: c 2 2V V I R 2 3 6V.= = = =: cq C V q 4 F 6V q 24 C.= = =
39. ) 1 2
I I I 2A.R R R r
= = =+ +
) V I r V 10V. = =
) P I P 24W. = =
) 2r rP I r P 4W.= =
) P V I P 20W. = =
) 21 1 1P I R P 8W.= =2
2 2 2P I R P 12W.= =
40. : 24V.= : V I r 20 24 2 r r 2 . = = =
41. 1 2
I I I 2A.R R R r
= = =+ +
: V 0 =
31
22-0220_01-15x22.5.indd 31 12/6/2014 12:37:28
-
A 1 A AV V R V 0 2 17 V 34V = = =
2 B BV V R 0 V 2 8 V 16V. = = =
42. 1 1RR R 44
= =
2 23RR R 124
= =
1 212 12 12
1 2
R R 4 12R R R 3R R 4 12
= = =
+ +
12R R r R 4 = + =
I I 1AR
= =
V I r V 3V= =
1 11
V 0,75AR
= =
2 22
V 0,25A.R
= =
43. ) , . , :
1 1I I r 2 .R r R r= = =
+ +
) P I R r r P W = + + ( ) =22 24 .
) , :
2P I P 48W = =: MHx MHx MHxP P P 48 24 P P 24W. = + = + =
) :
ANEM r RP P P P= 2 2
ANEM 2 2 2P I I r I R=
ANEMP 32W=
, :
% % % % % %.( ) = ( ) = ( ) =PP
MHx
ANEM
100 2432100 75
32
22-0220_01-15x22.5.indd 32 3/6/2014 1:43:20
-
44. ) , . , :
1 1V I r I 4A= =
1I r 2 .r r= =
+
) ( )22P I r r P 12W. = + =) , :
2 2 2V I r I 2A= =
2P I P 24W = =: MHx MHx MHxP P P 24 12 P P 12W. = + = + =
) :
% % % % % %.( ) = ( ) = ( ) =P
PMHx
100 1224100 50
45. 1,
2 I
3 ,
. Kirchhoff :
1 2 3 + = (1)
1 1 1 1 1 3 3I r R I R 0 = (2)2 2 2 2 2 3 3I r R I R 0 = (3)
(1), (2) (3) :
1 = 1,
2 = 0,25
3 = 0,75
: A 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2V R R V V R R = = +
V 4,5V. =
46. I1, I
2 I
3
. Kirchhoff :
I1 = 1,
2 = 1,
3 = 2 V
AB = 12V.
47. .
33
22-0220_01-15x22.5.indd 33 3/6/2014 1:43:20
-
22-0220_01-15x22.5.indd 34 3/6/2014 1:43:20
-
1. .;
: 3x108m/s.., , .
2.Maxwell;
: Maxwell, ,.
3. Planck;
: .149.
4. , ,.
: .152.
5. , ,.
: .153.
6. ,:.,.,.;
: .
3 TO
22-0220_01-15x22.5.indd 35 12/6/2014 12:37:52
-
7. :.
3x108m/s..3x108m/s.. , .
. , .
: -,-,-,-.
8.;
: .
9. .;
: .154.
10. ()()..
: n=c /c0 ,:0cn
c = ,c0.
: ,n n < ,c c< .
11. ,, . ;.
..
..,.
..
: -,-.(-,-)
12. ,, . -
36
22-0220_01-15x22.5.indd 36 12/6/2014 12:38:09
-
.
1,530
1,520
1,517
1,512
1,525
1,508
: ( -1,530), ( -1,525), ( -1,520), ( -1,517),(-1,512),(-1,508).
13. ;
: .155.
14. .;
: , . . , . .
15.,...........;
: .
37
22-0220_01-15x22.5.indd 37 12/6/2014 12:38:22
-
16. ;
: . 160.
17. polaroid, , , ( ) , ( , ). polaroid, ;
: , . polaroid, , .
18. .
: . 157.
19. ;
: . 158.
20. ;
: . 158.
21. ;
: . 159.
22. , , ;
: , .
23. ; ; .
: . , , , , ( ) .
38
22-0220_01-15x22.5.indd 38 12/6/2014 12:38:41
-
24. ; Brewster.
: . 162.
25. :. ,. ,. .
: .
1. Fizeau 12945m 720 . , 2,982x108m/s.
: c 2 f N= , 8c 2,982 10 m / sf
2 N 2 12945m 720
= =
f 16Hz=
2. 600nm:
() 1,6.
() , ; 300000km/s.
:
() 0c
cn
=
883 10 m / sc 1,875 10 m / s
1,6
= =
() 0n
=
600nm 375nm1,6
= =
3. 500nm, . , , . 1,333 1,501.
:
0n
= 0
n
= . :
n n = n 500nm 1,333
n 1,501
= = 444nm =
39
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-
4. 560nm . , 2,25x108m/s.,;3x108m/s.
:
0n
= 0
cc
n = .:
00
cc
= 8
8
2,25 10 m / s 560nm3 10 m / s
=
420nm =
5. 0.
, 440nm 405nm.
0;
:
T,,
: 0n
=
0
n
= .
:nn
=
n 405nm 0,92n 440nm
= =
6. . . .1,309.
:
Brewster: pn = p 1,309, = 52,6 . =
7. ,,50. , . 90, ,1,333.
:
90.:
p
nn
= pn n = n 1,333 50 1,333 1,191 1,585 = = =
40
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-
8. 57 ( ). :() ;() ;
:
() , Brewster: pn = n 57= n 1,54.=
() , 90. 2 p 90 + = 2 33 . =
41
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-
22-0220_01-15x22.5.indd 42 3/6/2014 1:43:21
-
1. Thomson ;
: . 178.
2. Rutherford ;
: . 178.
3. , : i. , ii. , 180. :. .. .. .
: ( - i) (, - ii).
4. Rutherford .
: . 179.
5. Bohr .
: . 181.
6. , .
: . 182.
7. .
: . 184.8. :
. ,
4
22-0220_01-15x22.5.indd 43 12/6/2014 12:39:37
-
. ,. . ;
: . 186.
9. : . . .
: . 187.
10. Bohr ;
: . 188.
11. X;
: . 190-191.
12. X ;
: . 191-192.
13. X.
: . 192.
14. X ;
: . 192-193.
15. X;
: . 191.
16. X;
: . 193-194.
17. X;
: . 194.
44
22-0220_01-15x22.5.indd 44 12/6/2014 12:40:07
-
18. X: . ,. , . ;
: () .() min =ch/eV ,
, X.
() X . .
19. , :. , . ,. , . .
: .
20. , : . ,. , . .
: .
21. : . ,. ,.
.: .
22. ;.
..
.
45
22-0220_01-15x22.5.indd 45 3/6/2014 1:43:22
-
. X .
: .
23. ;. . . h,
..
..
.
: .
24. - .
1,
2,
3
, . ;. 2 1 3 , = + . 2 3 < . 2 1 3f f f= +
: .
25. :. . . . . ,
.
: .
26. X
1
2 .
, :
. ,. , . .
: .
46
22-0220_01-15x22.5.indd 46 3/6/2014 1:43:22
-
27. min
X , : . , . ,. . .
: .
:
Coulomb 9 2 2k 9 10 Nm / C= 19e 1,6 10 C= 31em 9,1 10 kg
=
Plank 34h 6,63 10 J s= 8c 3 10 m / s=
1. . 11r 5,3x10 m.= :. ,.. ,. , .
:.
kem r
=
.
19e 1,6 10 C,= 9 2 2k 9 10 Nm / C ,= 31em 9,1 10 kg= 11r 5,3 10 m = : 62,19x10 m / s. =
. :
1116
6
2 r 2 3,14 5,3 10T s 1,52 10 s2,19 10
= = =
. ,
: 2
21 eK m k2 2r
= = , 2eU kr
= , 2eE K U k
2r= + =
k, e, r 191eV 1,6x10 J=: K 13,6eV,= U 27,2eV= E 13,6eV.=
47
22-0220_01-15x22.5.indd 47 3/6/2014 1:43:22
-
2. , , 13,6eV:
. (n=2) (n=3);
. 0,85eV. ;
:
. n :
1n 2
EEn
=
1E 13,6eV= n=2 2 213,6E 3,4eV2
= = .
n=3 3 213,6E 1,51eV3
= = .
() 1n 2EEn
= 1n
E 13,6n 4E 0,85
= = =
3. , , 13,6eV. . . ; ( .)
:
- , - n=2 n=1. - n=1 n=2 n=1 n=3.
:
2 1 3 1E E K E E <
1 11 12 2
E EE K E2 3
<
E1=13,6eV : 10,2eV K < 12,09eV.
48
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-
4. n=4:
. . . ,
.
:
().
5. 13,6eV:. , ;. ,
(n=2);. , , 15eV
. , ;
:() , , :
( ). 1E 0 13,6 13,6eV = = =() ,
n=1 n=2, :
1. 2 1 12
EE E 3,4 13,6 10,2eVn
= = = + =
() (15eV) , (10,2eV):
15eV 13,6eV l,4eV = =
6. 12,3V
49
22-0220_01-15x22.5.indd 49 3/6/2014 1:43:22
-
. . 13,6eV.
:
. n=1 n :
1n 1 12
E En
= =
(12,3eV). :
12,3eV 1 12E E 12,3eVn
2
113,6( 1)eV 12,3eVn
n 3,16 n=1, 2, 3
n=2 n=3. :
. n=3 n=2
. n=3 n=1
. n=2 n =1
, :
E hf= cE h=
hcE
=
3 2 = 3 1 = 2 1 =
. n=3 n=2:
. n=3 n=1:
311 13 12 2
hc hcE EE E3 1
= =
. n=2 n=1:
50
211 12 12 2
hc hcE EE E2 1
= =
321 13 22 2
hc hcE EE E3 2
= =
22-0220_01-15x22.5.indd 50 3/6/2014 1:43:23
-
h, c 1 :
32 = 6,58 . 107m = 658nm
31 = 1,03 . 107m = 103nm
21 = 1,22 . 107m = 122nm
7. X 10kV. X .
:
: hceV
= .
: = 1,243 . 1010m.
c f= 18cf 2,41 10 z= =
.
8. X () 1V 10kV,= () 2V 40kV.= X 1 2. 1/2.
:
X : hc
eV =
() () :
11
hceV
= 22
hceV
=
:
1 2
2 1
VV
=
1
2
4 =
9. X =10-10m. 40mA 0,1s. :. X; . ; . ;
51
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-
. ;
:
. (eV), V, (hf). :
eV hf= hceV =
hcV 12431Ve
= =
. :P VI 497W= =
E t 49,7J= =. eV.
2e
1eV m2
= 7e
2eV 6,61 10 m / sm
= =
. :
16q I tN 25 10 / st e
= = =
52
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-
22-0220_01-15x22.5.indd 53 3/6/2014 1:43:23
-
22-0220_01-15x22.5.indd 54 3/6/2014 1:43:23
-
22-0220_01-15x22.5.indd 55 3/6/2014 1:43:23
-
22-0220_01-15x22.5.indd 56 3/6/2014 1:43:23
-
B
ISBN 978-960-06-4822-5
: 0-22-0220
(01) 000000 0 22 0220 4
LOW0-22-0220-02-2014 {PHYS B LYK LYSEIS EX-FR}.pdfPage 1
LOW0-22-0220-02-2014 {PHYS B LYK LYSEIS EX-BK}.pdfPage 1