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日本における細菌性食中毒とその制御 Bacterial food poisoning and its control in Japan by Susumu Kumagai

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Page 1: Bacterial food poisoning and its control in Japan …—¥本における細菌性食中毒とその制御 Bacterial food poisoning and its control in Japan by Susumu Kumagai 食中毒Food

日本における細菌性食中毒とその制御Bacterial food poisoning and its control in Japan

by Susumu Kumagai

Page 2: Bacterial food poisoning and its control in Japan …—¥本における細菌性食中毒とその制御 Bacterial food poisoning and its control in Japan by Susumu Kumagai 食中毒Food

食中毒 Food poisoning飲食物に起因する急性または亜急性の消化管障害を主症状とする疾病。行政的には、飲食物に起因する疾病は全て食中毒として対応するが、栄養に起因する疾病は含まない。Acute or sub-acute diseases caused by ingestion of foodsor water with gastroenteritis as main symptoms.All diseases caused by ingestion of foods and water are treated by the administration, but nutrition related diseases

are not involved.

患者数は年間3ー5万人 Number of patients=30,000-50,000/year死者数は60〜70年に激減し年間10人程度Deaths decreased to 10/year during 1960-1970原因は細菌とウイルスが大部分 Most agents are bacteria and virus

死者が多い

食中毒

UT/AGICOCOON/ACT2(2nd-3rd Mar 2006)

Page 3: Bacterial food poisoning and its control in Japan …—¥本における細菌性食中毒とその制御 Bacterial food poisoning and its control in Japan by Susumu Kumagai 食中毒Food

食中毒患者数年次変

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

食中毒死者数年次変

0

500

1000

1500

2000

30 40 50 60 70 80 90 0

図1。食中毒年次変化

UT/AGICOCOON/ACT2(2nd-3rd Mar 2006)

Page 4: Bacterial food poisoning and its control in Japan …—¥本における細菌性食中毒とその制御 Bacterial food poisoning and its control in Japan by Susumu Kumagai 食中毒Food

食中毒対応 Reporting system

医師MD 都道府県等保健所

Local government, Health center

厚生労働省MHLW

食品安全委員会

調査Investigation

予防措置

Preventive measure

患者数が50人を超える死者が発生輸入食品に起因2都道府県以上原因施設が国外(航空機も)定められた細菌による場合

拡大防止・緊急的対応Prevention of enlargementEmergent measure

文部省

農林水産省

直ちに

環境省

食中毒

UT/AGICOCOON/ACT2(2nd-3rd Mar 2006)

Page 5: Bacterial food poisoning and its control in Japan …—¥本における細菌性食中毒とその制御 Bacterial food poisoning and its control in Japan by Susumu Kumagai 食中毒Food

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

サルモネラ属菌 Salmonella

ブドウ球菌 St.aureus

ボツリヌス菌 Cl.boturinus

腸炎ビブリオ

V.parahaemolyticus

病原大腸菌 Pathogenic

E.coli

年次ー細菌

UT/AGICOCOON/ACT2(2nd-3rd Mar 2006)

Page 6: Bacterial food poisoning and its control in Japan …—¥本における細菌性食中毒とその制御 Bacterial food poisoning and its control in Japan by Susumu Kumagai 食中毒Food

Salmonella Enteritidis

UT/AGICOCOON/ACT2(2nd-3rd Mar 2006)

Page 7: Bacterial food poisoning and its control in Japan …—¥本における細菌性食中毒とその制御 Bacterial food poisoning and its control in Japan by Susumu Kumagai 食中毒Food

殻付き卵の卵白・卵黄中のサルモネラ・エンテリティティス汚染Salmonella Enteritidis Contamination in Shell Egg Contents

検査全数

Total No

陽性数

Positive No.

時期

Time period

15,000 3 (0.02%) 1992 Jan-Mar

9,000 3 (0.03%) 1992 Aug-Oct

Egg salmonella

UT/AGICOCOON/ACT2(2nd-3rd Mar 2006)

Page 8: Bacterial food poisoning and its control in Japan …—¥本における細菌性食中毒とその制御 Bacterial food poisoning and its control in Japan by Susumu Kumagai 食中毒Food

卵と卵製品の衛生対策(1992年)Sanitary Measures for Eggs and Egg Products

(Notification, 1992)

・ひび割れ卵・破卵の冷蔵保管。・低温殺菌液卵の使用。生液卵の加熱処後の使用。・新鮮殻付き卵の使用。冷蔵保管。・生卵の常温放置禁止。

Cracked or broken shell eggs should be stored in refrigerator.Pasteurized liquid egg should be used. Non-pasteurized liquid egg, if used,

should be sufficiently heat-treated during processing and cooking. Shell eggs should be used while they are fresh. Otherwise they should be kept

in a refrigerator.Raw egg and foods containing raw egg should not be kept at ambient

temperature.

1992

UT/AGICOCOON/ACT2(2nd-3rd Mar 2006)

Page 9: Bacterial food poisoning and its control in Japan …—¥本における細菌性食中毒とその制御 Bacterial food poisoning and its control in Japan by Susumu Kumagai 食中毒Food

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

サルモネラ属菌 Salmonella

ブドウ球菌 St.aureus

ボツリヌス菌 Cl.boturinus

腸炎ビブリオ

V.parahaemolyticus

病原大腸菌 Pathogenic

E.coli

年次ー細菌

流通における冷蔵は必要か?Is cold temperature needed during distribution of shell eggs?期限表示は可能か?Can labeling for date by use be done on shell eggs?

UT/AGICOCOON/ACT2(2nd-3rd Mar 2006)

Page 10: Bacterial food poisoning and its control in Japan …—¥本における細菌性食中毒とその制御 Bacterial food poisoning and its control in Japan by Susumu Kumagai 食中毒Food

急速増殖開始までの日数 Days at rapid growth

0 20 40 60

12

20

26

30

37

温度

(℃

)Tem

pera

ture

日数 Days

系列1

殻付き卵の保管における卵内サルモネラの急速増殖が起こるまでの日数

20℃では、3週間、卵内サルモネラ菌数は20ヶ未満Number of S. Enteritidis in shell eggs is below 20 for three weeks at 20C.

UT/AGICOCOON/ACT2(2nd-3rd Mar 2006)

Page 11: Bacterial food poisoning and its control in Japan …—¥本における細菌性食中毒とその制御 Bacterial food poisoning and its control in Japan by Susumu Kumagai 食中毒Food

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10Log Dose

Atta

ck R

ate

1 2

3 4

5 7

11 12

13 18

19 20

22 23

24 25

30 31

32 34

Otbrk-BP

Sal.dose-responce

摂取菌数・発症率関係Dose response in human based on outbreak data

UT/AGICOCOON/ACT2(2nd-3rd Mar 2006)

Page 12: Bacterial food poisoning and its control in Japan …—¥本における細菌性食中毒とその制御 Bacterial food poisoning and its control in Japan by Susumu Kumagai 食中毒Food

殻付き卵の表示義務①生食用または加熱用の区別②生食用の消費期限③製造者(農場名または格付け包装センター名)

Amendment of Enforcement Regulation of Food Sanitation Law (1998)Labeling ・ ‘’To be eaten raw’’ & ‘’Heat sterilization after the Date of

Minimum Durability.’’・Use by date, or date of minimum durability.・Facility where shell eggs were collected, or graded and packaged.

表示

UT/AGICOCOON/ACT2(2nd-3rd Mar 2006)

Page 13: Bacterial food poisoning and its control in Japan …—¥本における細菌性食中毒とその制御 Bacterial food poisoning and its control in Japan by Susumu Kumagai 食中毒Food

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

サルモネラ属菌 Salmonella

ブドウ球菌 St.aureus

ボツリヌス菌 Cl.boturinus

腸炎ビブリオ

V.parahaemolyticus

病原大腸菌 Pathogenic

E.coli

年次ー細菌

UT/AGICOCOON/ACT2(2nd-3rd Mar 2006)

Page 14: Bacterial food poisoning and its control in Japan …—¥本における細菌性食中毒とその制御 Bacterial food poisoning and its control in Japan by Susumu Kumagai 食中毒Food

Vibrio parahamolyticus O3K6

UT/AGICOCOON/ACT2(2nd-3rd Mar 2006)

Page 15: Bacterial food poisoning and its control in Japan …—¥本における細菌性食中毒とその制御 Bacterial food poisoning and its control in Japan by Susumu Kumagai 食中毒Food

O3K6

UT/AGICOCOON/ACT2(2nd-3rd Mar 2006)

Page 16: Bacterial food poisoning and its control in Japan …—¥本における細菌性食中毒とその制御 Bacterial food poisoning and its control in Japan by Susumu Kumagai 食中毒Food

発生年月日

Date原因食品

Causative food患者数

No of patients1999, Jul 21 煮かに

Boiled crab235

1999, July 25 生うに

Raw sea urchin112

1999, Aug 14 煮かに

Boiled crab359

1999, Aug 14 すし

Sushi (raw fish)609

1999, Aug 14 むき身貝

Raw schucked shell fish170

(1 death)

1999, Aug 17 むき身貝

Raw schucked shell fish252

1999年の大規模腸炎ビブリオ食中毒Large V.parahaemolyticus outbreaks in 1999

Large outbreak

UT/AGICOCOON/ACT2(2nd-3rd Mar 2006)

Page 17: Bacterial food poisoning and its control in Japan …—¥本における細菌性食中毒とその制御 Bacterial food poisoning and its control in Japan by Susumu Kumagai 食中毒Food

煮かにの冷却に沿岸海水が使用されていたCoastal sea water was used for cooling boiled crabs

日本の沿岸海水から病原性腸炎ビブリオO3K6が検出された(11/551)

Pathogenic V.parahaemolyticus was detected in coastal sea water

ゆでカニ

煮かにの冷却には沿岸海水を使用しないCoastal sea water should not be used for boiled crabs

食用の魚介類の洗浄には沿岸海水を使用しないCoastal sea water should not be used for washing sea-foods

UT/AGICOCOON/ACT2(2nd-3rd Mar 2006)

Page 18: Bacterial food poisoning and its control in Japan …—¥本における細菌性食中毒とその制御 Bacterial food poisoning and its control in Japan by Susumu Kumagai 食中毒Food

生食用の魚介類に微生物規格は設定できるか?Can microbiological standard be set for fish to be eaten raw?

UT/AGICOCOON/ACT2(2nd-3rd Mar 2006)

Page 19: Bacterial food poisoning and its control in Japan …—¥本における細菌性食中毒とその制御 Bacterial food poisoning and its control in Japan by Susumu Kumagai 食中毒Food

食中毒菌数

原因食品中

のVP

総菌数/g

≦1 1<〜10 10 <〜100

100 <〜1000

1000<

発生件数 1 1 1 6 2

刺身

アサリ

アカガイ

カキ

タイラギガイ

オムレツ

アサリ原因食品

Causal foodマグロTuna

ゆでガニBoiled crab

ウニSea urchin

調理卵

食中毒事例における原因食品中の腸炎ビブリオ(VP)菌数

Number of total V.parahaemolyticusIn causal foods/g

Number of outbreaks

UT/AGICOCOON/ACT2(2nd-3rd Mar 2006)

Page 20: Bacterial food poisoning and its control in Japan …—¥本における細菌性食中毒とその制御 Bacterial food poisoning and its control in Japan by Susumu Kumagai 食中毒Food

20

40

60

80

100

10 10 4 10 5 10 6

Num

ber

of

tdh

-po

sitive

V. p

arah

aem

olyt

icus

(MP

N/10 g

)

Number of total V. parahaemolyticus (MPN/10 g)

NDNC

ND NC

8 18

13 725 14 17 13 9 3 10

2

4 2 2 7

10102 3

100/g

8/33(24.2%)9/140(6.4%)

Tdh positive(%)

ND: not detected in 25 g of sampleNC: detected in 25 g of sample but not countable

魚介類汚染

UT/AGICOCOON/ACT2(2nd-3rd Mar 2006)

Page 21: Bacterial food poisoning and its control in Japan …—¥本における細菌性食中毒とその制御 Bacterial food poisoning and its control in Japan by Susumu Kumagai 食中毒Food

菌数基準

生食用の魚介類の腸炎ビブリオ総菌数<100/g

Total number of V.parahaemolyticus in sea-foods to be eaten raw<100/g

基準Regulatory standard

UT/AGICOCOON/ACT2(2nd-3rd Mar 2006)

Page 22: Bacterial food poisoning and its control in Japan …—¥本における細菌性食中毒とその制御 Bacterial food poisoning and its control in Japan by Susumu Kumagai 食中毒Food

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

サルモネラ属菌 Salmonella

ブドウ球菌 St.aureus

ボツリヌス菌 Cl.boturinus

腸炎ビブリオ

V.parahaemolyticus

病原大腸菌 Pathogenic

E.coli

年次ー細菌

UT/AGICOCOON/ACT2(2nd-3rd Mar 2006)

Page 23: Bacterial food poisoning and its control in Japan …—¥本における細菌性食中毒とその制御 Bacterial food poisoning and its control in Japan by Susumu Kumagai 食中毒Food

何が必要か

What control measures were effective? To what extent were they effective?Quantitative verification methods based on scientific data is required.

どの対策が有効であったか?どの程度有効であったか?科学的検証方法を開発する必要あり

UT/AGICOCOON/ACT2(2nd-3rd Mar 2006)