bai 1 tng quan v h thng diu khin d

7/26/2019 Bai 1 Tng Quan v h Thng Diu Khin d

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BI 1: TNG QUAN V H THNG IU KHIN DCS

Ngi Thc Hin:Hong QucXuyn

Mn Hc:

H THNG SCADA,DCS V MNG

TRUYN THNG CNG NGHIP

H NI - 20121

TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP H NI


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GII THIU MN HC

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Tn hc phn: H thng SCADA, DCS v mng truyn thng cng nghipS n v hc trnh: 3 (45 tit).

Tiu chun nh gi sinh vin: Thi cui hc k: Lm bi tp ln

Thang im: 10/10.

Ti liu hc tp:Sch, gio trnh chnh :[1]. B mn T ng Ho- Khoa in - Trng H CN H Ni : H thng SCADA v DCS - nm 2008.

Sch tham kho :

[1]. Hong Minh Sn Mng truyn thng cng nghip -NXB Khoa hc k thut 2007.[2]. Nguyn Vn Thng C s K thut truyn s liu -NXB Khoa hc k thut 1998.


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NI DUNG CA MN HC

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Chng 1. iu khin phn tn DCS

Chng 2. H thng iu khin SCADA

Chng 3. So snh h DCS v h SCADA

Chng 4. Khi nim mng truyn thng cng nghipChng 5. C s truyn d liu trong cng nghip

Chng 6. Cc thnh phn trong h thng mng

Chng 7. Mt s h thng bus tiu chun

Chng 8. Xy dng h thng mngBi Tp ln

H THNG SCADA,DCS V MNG TRUYN THNG CNG NGHIP


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NI DUNG CA BI HC

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1. Tng quan v t ng ha qu trnh sn xut

1.1 S phn cp ca h thng iu khin t ng ha

1.2 Cc h thng iu khin ph bin hin nay.

* H iu khin tp trung

* H iu khin phn tn2. Cu hnh ca h iu khin DCS

2.1 Cu hnh tiu biu ca h DCS

2.2 Trm iu khin cc b

2.3 Trm vn hnh

2.4 Trm k thut v cc cng c pht trin2.5 Bus trng v cc trm vo ra t xa

2.6 Bus h thng

BI 1: TNG QUAN V H THNG IU KHIN DCS


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1.Tng quan v t ng ha qu trnh sn xut1.1 S phn cp ca h thng iu khin t ng ha

Hnh 1M hnh phn cp chc nng ca mt h

thng iu khin v gim st


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Cng nhng cp dith cc chc nngcng mang tnh cht c bn hnv i hiyu cucao hn v nhanh nhy, thigianphn ng.

Mt chc nng cp trn c thc hin datrn cc chc nng cpdi,tuy khng i hi thigian phn ngnhanh nh cp di, nhngngc li lngthng tin cntrao iv xl li ln hn nhiu.

Trn s phn cp chc nngchng ta thy

mt h thng iu khinv gim st gmc 5cp.


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* Cp chp hnh

Cc chc nngchnh cacp chp hnhlo lng, truyn ng v chuyn itn hiutrong trng hp cn thit.

Thc t, a s cc thit b cm bin(sensor) hay c cu chp hnh (actuator)cng c phn iu khin ring cho vic thchin o lng/truyn ng cchnh xc v

nhanh nhy.Cc thit b thng minh cng c th m

nhn vic xl th thng tin, trckhi alncp iu khin.

Cp iu khinNhim vchnh cacp iu khinl nhnthng tin tcc cm bin, x

l cc thng tin theo mt thutton nht nhv truyn t li kt quxungcc c cu chphnh.

Cp iu khin thc hin vic iu khin qu trnh cng ngh, thit biu khinc thl b iu khinPLC, DCS hoccc my tnh PC cngnghip.


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* Cp iu khingim st

Cp iu khingim st c chc nnggim

st v vnhnh mtqu trnh k thut. Nhimv ca cp iu khingim st l h tr ngis dngtrong vicci t ng dng,thao tc,theo di, gim st vnhnh v xl nhngtnhhung bt thng.

Ngoi ra, trong mt s trng hp, cpnycn thc hincc bi ton iu khincao cpnh iu khin phi hp, iu khintrnh tviu khintheo cng thc(v dtrong ch bindc phm,ho cht).

Khc vicc cp di, vic thc hincc chc nng cp iu khingim stthngkhng i hi phng tin, thit b phn cng c bitngoi cc my tnhthng thng(my tnh c nhn, my trm,my ch).


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Trong cc h thng iu

khin tp trung, mi qutrnh tnh ton thc hinchin lc iu khin cthc hin trn mt h x ltrung tm.

My tnh iu khin y (MTK) c th l ccb iu khin s trc tip(DDC), my tnh ln, mytnh c nhn PC, hoc ccthit b iu khin kh trnh

PLC.

* H thng iu khin tp trung

Hnh 2- Cu trc tiu biu ca mt h iu khin tp trung

u im:u im ca h thng iu khin tptrung l h c s d liu

qu trnh thng nht, tptrung, do vyc th thc hincc thutton iu khinqu trnh cng ngh mtcch tptrung v thngnht.


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Nhc im:

Nhc im ca h thngiu khin tp trung l khii tng iu khin nhiu,phc tp c th dn ti khilng tnh ton ln v cc

h x l khng p ngc yu cu tnh ton cah thng



Mt nhc im na l trong phng n iu khin tp trung cc gi tr o lngphi tp trung v my tnh iu khin dn n khi lng dy dn ln lm tng chiph, kh khn cho cng tc bo tr sa cha.


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ng dng:

Ngy nay, cu trc tp trung trn y thng thch hp cho cc ng dng tng ha qui m va v nh, iu khin cc loi my mc v thit b bi s ngin, d thc hin v gi thnh mt ln cho my tnh iu khin.


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* H thng iu khin phn tn

khc phc s ph thuc vo mt my tnh trung tm trong cu trc tp trungv tng tnh linh hot ca h thng, ta c th iu khin mi phn on bng mthoc mt s my tnh cc b, nh Hnh 3 minh ha.

Hnh 3- Cu trc tiu biu ca mt h iu khin phn tn

Trong a s cc ng dngc qui m va v ln, phntn l tnh cht hin nhinca h thng.

Mt dy chuyn sn xutthng c phn chia thnhnhiu phn on, c th cphn b ti nhiu v tr cchxa nhau.


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khc phc s ph thuc vo mt my tnh trung tm trong cu trc tp trungv tng tnh linh hot ca h thng, ta c th iu khin mi phn on bng mthoc mt s my tnh cc b, nh Hnh 3 minh ha.


Trong a s cc ng dngc qui m va v ln, phntn l tnh cht hin nhinca h thng.

Mt dy chuyn sn xutthng c phn chia thnhnhiu phn on, c th cphn b ti nhiu v tr cchxa nhau.


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Trong phn ln cc trng hp, cc my tnh iu khin c ni mng vi nhauv vi mt hoc nhiu my tnh gim st (MTGS) trung tm qua bus h thng.

Gii php ny dn n cc h thng c cu trc iu khin phn tn, hay c gil cc h iu khin phn tn c tn vit tt ting anh l DCS


Cc my tnh iu khincc b thng c t ri

rc ti cc phng iukhin/phng in ca tngphn on, phn xng, vtr khng xa vi qu trnh kthut.

Cc phn on c lin htng tc vi nhau, v vy iu khin qu trnh tnghp cn c s iu khinphi hp gia cc my tnhiu khin.


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2. Cu hnh ca h iu khin DCS

Cu hnh c bn mt h iukhin phn tn c minh hatrn Hnh 4, bao gm cc thnhphn sau:

- Cc trm iu khin cc b(local control station, LCS), ikhi cn c gi l cc khiiu khin cc b (local control

unit, LCU) hoc cc trm qutrnh (process station, PS).

- Cc trm vn hnh(operator station, OS)

- Trm k thut (engineering

station, ES) v cc cng c phttrin

- H thng truyn thng (fieldbus,system bus).

Local Control

Station LCS

Local Control

Station LCS

Local Control

Station LCS

Hnh 4- Cu trc tiu biu ca mt h iu khin phn tn DCS

2.1 Cu hnh tiu biu ca h DCS


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2.2 Cc trm iu khin cc b -(local control station, LCS)

Trm iu khin cc b thuc cp iukhin, l ni thc hin mi chc nng iu

khin cho mt cng on. Cc trm iukhin cc b thng c t trong phngiu khin hoc phng in bn cnhphng iu khin trung tm hoc ri rc gnkhu vc hin trng.

Cc chc nng do trm iu khin cc bm nhim bao gm:+) iu khin qu trnh (process control):iu khin cc mch vng kn (nhit , psut, lu lng, pH, m c,...). Huht cc mch vng n c iu khin trn

c s lut PID, gii quyt bi ton iukhin iu chnh, iu khin t l, iu khintng. Cc h thng hin i cho php iukhin m, iu khin da m hnh (model-based control), iu khin thch nghi, ...

Hnh 5- Hnh nh 1 trm ccb ca hng Yokogawa


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+) iu khin trnh t (sequential control,

sequence control)

+) iu khin logic

+) Thc hin cc cng thc (recipe control).

+) t cc tn hiu u ra v trng thi an

ton trong trng hp c s c

h thng

+) Lu tr tm thi cc tn hiu qu trnh

trong trng hp mt lin lc vi

trm vn hnh+) Nhn bit cc trng hp vt ngng

gi tr v to cc thng bo bo

ng



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Bt k chng loi thit b no c s

dng, cc yu cu quan trng nht v mt

k thut c t ra cho mt trm iukhin cc b l:

+) Tnh nng thi thc

+) tin cy v tnh sn sng

+) Lp trnh thun tin, cho php sdng/ci t cc thut ton cao cp

+) Kh nng iu khin lai (lin tc, trnh

t v logic).



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2.3 Trm vn hnh (operator station, OS)

Trm vn Trm vn hnh v

trm k thut thuc cp iukhin gim st, cc trm nyc t ti phng iu khintrung tm.

Cc trm vnhnh c th hotng song song, c lp vinhau.

tincho vic vnhnh hthng, ngi ta thng sp xpmi trm vn hnh tng ngvi mt phn on hoc mt

phn xng.

Hnh 6- B tr trm vn hnh

Tuy nhin, cc phn mm chytrn tt ccc trmhon ton gingnhau, v thtrong trng hp cn thitmi trm uc ththay th chc nng cacc trmkhc.


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Cc chc nngtiu biu ca

mt trm vnhnh gmc:+) Hin thcc hnh nh chun(hnh nh tngquan, hnh nhnhm, hnh nh tng mchvng, hnh nh iu khintrnh t, cc th thi gian

thcv thqu kh)

+) Hin th cc hnh nh ha t do (lu cng ngh,cc phm iu khin)


+) H tr vn hnh h thng qua cc cng c thaotc tiu biu, cc h

thng hng dn ch o v hng dn tr gip+) To v qun l cc cng thc iu khin (choiu khin m)

+) X l cc s kin, s c

+) X l, lu tr v qun l d liu


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Cc chc nngtiu biu ca

mt trm vnhnh gmc:


+) Chn on h thng, h tr ngi vn hnh v bo tr h thng

+) H tr lp bo co t ngMt trm vn hnh c th b tr theo kiu mt ngi s dng (mthoc nhiu mn hnh), hoc nhiu ngi s dng vi nhiu Terminals(Hnh 5).

2 4 Trm k thut v cc cng c pht trin


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Vic to ng dng iu khin hu ht c thc hin theo phng php khaibo, t tham s v ghp ni cc khi chc nng c sn trong th vin.

Cng nh cc trm vn hnh, thit b s dng thng thng l cc my tnhc nhn (cng nghip) chy trn nn Windows95/98/NT/2000 hoc UNIX.

2.4 Trm k thut v cc cng c pht trin(engin eering stat ion , ES)

Hnh 7- B tr trm k thut

Trm k thutl nici tcc cng c pht trin, cho

php t cu hnh cho hthng, to v theo di ccchngtrnh ng dng iukhin v giao din ngimy, t cuhnh v tham sha cc thit b trng.


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Mt s c tnh tiu biu ca cc cng c pht trin trn trm k thut l:

+) Cng vic pht trin (Engineering) khng yu cu c phn cng DCS ti ch

+) Cc ngn ng lp trnh thng dng l s khi hm (FBD-Function Block

Diagram, hoc CFC-Continuous Function Chart) v biu tin trnh (SFC-Sequential Function Chart), tng t IEC61131-3 FBD () v SFC



2 4 Trm k thut v cc cng c pht trin


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Trong mt s h thng, ngi ta khng phn bit gia trm vn hnh v trm kthut, m s dng mt bn phm c kha chuyn qua li gia hai ch vn hnh

v pht trin.




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2.5 Bus trng v cc trm vo ra t xa

Hnh 8- Bus trng v cc trm vo ra t xa

Khi s dng cutrc vo/raphn tn, cc trm iu khincc b s c b sung ccmodule giao din bus nivi cc trm vo/ra t xa(remote I/Ostation) v mt sthit b trngthng minh.

Cc yu cu chung t ravi bus trng l tnh nngthi gian thc, mc ngin v gi thnh thp. Bncnh , i vimi trng d

chy n cn cc yu cu kthut c bit khc v chuntruyn dn,tnh nng in hcca cc linh kin mng, cptruyn,...


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Cc loibus trng c htr mnh nht l Profibus-DP,

Foundation Fieldbus,

DeviceNet v AS-I. Trong

mi trng i hi an tonchy n th Profibus-PA vFoundation Fieldbus l hai hc s dng ph bin nht.


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Mt trm vo/ra t xa

thc cht c cu trc khngkhc lm so vi mt trmiu khin cc b, duy chthiu khi x l trung tmcho chc nng iu khin.

Thng thng, cc trmvo/ra t xa c t rt gnvi qu trnh k thut, v thtit kim nhiu cp truynv n gin ha cu trc hthng.


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2.6 Bus h thng

Hnh 8- Bus h thng

Bus h thng c chc

nng ni mng cc trmiu khin cc b vinhauv vicc trm vnhnh vtrm k thut.

Trong a scc h thng

ng dng, ngita la chncu hnh c d phng chobus h thng.


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2.6 Bus h thng

Hnh 8- Bus h thng

Gii php mng c thc chng ca ring cng ty,hoc da trn mt mngchun quc t. Cc h thngmng c s dng nhiunht l Ethernet, Profibus-

FMS v ControlNet.

c im ca vic trao i thng tin qua bus h thng l lu lng thng tinln, v vy tc ng truyn phi tng i cao. Tnh nng thi gian thccng l mt yu cu c t ra (nht l i vi bus iu khin), tuy nhin khngnghim ngt nh vi bus trng.


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2.6 Bus h thng

Hnh 8- Bus h thng

Thigian phn ng thng chyu cu nmtrong phmvi 0,1s trln. Slng trmtham gia thngkhng lnv nhu cutrao i d liukhng c tbin ln. V vy i vi mng Ethernet, tnh bt nh ca phng php truynhpbus CSMA/CD thngkhngphil vn gy lo ngh.

bai 1 tng quan v h thng diu khin d

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