LP: 01H-KTMT2

BO CO THAM QUAN NHN THC 2015

BO CO THAM QUAN NHN THC 2015

LI CM N

Sau cc hc k cng thng v l thuyt trn lp, k tip l chuyn tham quan nhn thc thc t ti khu ch xut Linh Trung v Lt di s dn dt tn tnh ca cc thy c v cn b ti cc ni tham quan gip chng em hc hi c rt nhiu iu b ch cng nh ci nhn khc hn nh hng cho tng lai v cng c thm nhiu kin thc lm nn tng cho bn thn cng nh cng vic chuyn mn sau ny.

Qua y chng em xin cm n nh trng, cn b ti ni tham quan v gio vin hng dn thy Nguyn Thanh Ngn v thy L ng Ho tn tnh gip , to iu kin cho chng em c th thc hin c chuyn tham qua thc t y b ch ny.

Sinh vin tham quan nhn thc Lt 2015 (Xe 3)

NHN XT CA GIO VIN HNG DN

1. Ni dung v kt qu tham quan thc t

1. Tinh thn, thi v tc phong lm vic

1. B cc v hnh thc trnh by bo co

MC LC

Trang

LI CM N1

NHN XT CA GIO VIN HNG DN2

TM TT4

CHNG 1: TNG QUAN V A IM THAM QUAN

I. KHU CH XUT LINH TRUNG 15

1. GII THIU CNG TY5

2. LCH S HNH THNH5

3. S T CHC6

II. NH MY NC CP ANKIA 16

1. GII THIU NH MY7

2. LCH S HNH THNH V LNH VC HOT NG7

3. C CU VN HNH MY7

CHNG 2: NI DUNG V KT QU THC TP

I. KHU CH XUT LINH TRUNG 18

1. QUY TRNH LM VIC KHU CH XUT LINH TRUNG 18

2. NHIM V V CU TO9

3. NHNG PHT HIN S C V CCH GII QUYT12

4. KT QU T C SAU CHUYN THAM QUAN TI KHU CH XUT LINH TRUNG 118

II. NH MY NC CP ANKIA 118

1. H THNG LM VIC NH MY ANKIA 18

a) TRM BM18

b) B HO TRN20

c) B LNG GIA TC22

d) B LC23

2. QUY TRNH23

3. KT QU T C SAU CHUYN THAM QUAN TI LT24

CHNG 3: KT LUN

I. K NNG THC HNH NO HC HI24

II. NHNG KINH NGHIM THC TIN NO TCH LU24

III. NHNG KIN THC CN CHUN B TRC KHI RA TRNG24

IV. KIN NGH CA SINH VIN VI CC N V25

V. NHN NH CA BN THN V CHUYN THAM QUAN THC T25

VI. KIN NGH VI KHOA V CHUYN THAM QUAN THC T25

TM TT

CHNG 1: TNG QUAN V A IM THAM QUAN

I. KHU CH XUT LINH TRUNG 1

1. GII THIU CNG TY

Hnh 1.1. Khu hnh chnh khu ch xut Linh Trung 1

Khu Ch Xut Linh Trungl d n lin doanh gia Vit Nam v Trung Quc. Nm 1992, y Ban Nh Nc V Hp Tc v u T (nay l B K Hoch v u T) cp giy php s 412/GP cho php thnh lp Cng ty Lin Doanh Khai Thc v Kinh Doanh Khu Ch Xut Si Gn - Linh Trung (gi tt l Cng ty Lin Doanh Sepzone - Linh Trung).

Khu Ch Xut Linh Trung gm Khu I, Khu II v Khu III vi tng din tch l 326.37 ha. Tng vn u t ca d n l 55.500.000 USD, vn php nh l 17.000.000 USD; mi bn gp 50%.

2. LCH S HNH THNH

u nm 1995, t vng t l rng cao su rng 60 hecta, Cng ty Lin Doanh Sepzone - Linh Trung tin hnh n b gii ta v tng bc xy dng c s h tng Khu Ch Xut Si Gn - Linh Trung.

n nm 2000, ton b c s h tng Khu Ch Xut Si Gn - Linh Trung nh: H thng ng ni khu, h thng thot nc ma, nc thi, h thng cung cp in, h thng cung cp nc, nh my x l nc thi tp trung, trm cung cp nc, ta nh vn phng, vn phng hi quan, cnh quan cy xanh c xy dng hon chnh v cho thu ht 100% din tch t c th cho thu.

3. S T CHC

Hnh 1.2. S t chc khu ch xut Linh Trung 1

Khu Ch Xut Linh Trung c xem l mt trong nhng khu cng nghip thnh cng nht ti Vit Nam, c danh ting trong gii u t khu vc Chu . Kim ngch xut khu ca khu trong nm 2002 t hn 2% tng kim ngch xut khu trong c nuc, to ra 1/10 trong tng s c hi vic lm t khu vc u t nc ngoi. Trong s 74 khu cng nghip v khu ch xut ti Vit Nam, Khu Ch Xut Linh Trung l khu c t l u t, kim ngch xut khu, sn phm xut khu v s lng vic lm cao nht nc tnh trn bnh qun hectare t.

II. NH MY NC CP DANKIA 1

1. GII THIU V NH MY

Hnh 1.3. Cng trnh cp nc sch DanKia1 (1986 )

D n cp nc sch DanKia c nghin cu v chun b u t nm 1974. Sau ngy thng nht t nc, d n c tip tc thc hin theo Hip nh ngy 19-11-1975 gia Chnh ph an Mch v Chnh ph Vit Nam. Tng mc vn u t ca d n l 12,17 triu USD, trong vn vay ca Chnh ph an Mch l 6,25 triu USD v vn ca Chnh ph Vit Nam l 5,92 triu USD.

2. LCH S HOT NG V HNH THNH

Cng trnh cp nc sch an Kia c khi cng xy dng t nm 1980 v hon thnh vo nm 1984.

Trong nhng nm 1997-1999, vi s gip ca Chnh ph an Mch, giai on hai ca d n cp nc c thc hin vi mc tiu chnh l ci to v m rng h thng ngng phn phi nc, nng cp trang thit bcc nh my nc, nng tng cng sut cp nc sn xut ti hai nh my nc Sui Vng v nh my nc h Xun Hng, m bo cp nc schcho nhu cu ca thnh ph.

Nh my ny x l nc th t h an Kia, sau bm nc sch n b cha i Tng Lm c dung tch 5.000m3v t n cc b cha c sn ca thnh ph. T nhng b ny, nc sch c cung cp cho cc khu vc ca thnh ph.

Ngun vn vay ca Chnh ph an Mch c u t cho cc hng mc thit k, cung cp thit b c kh, thit b in, ng chuyn ti v gim st thi cng. Ngun vn ca Chnh ph Vit Nam u t cho cc hng mc xy dng cng trnh, lp t thit b c kh, thit b in v ng ng chuyn ti.

Cng trnh cp nc sch DanKia 1 c cng ngh v trang thit b hin i, ci thin vic cung cp nc sch vi cht lng tt cho thnh ph Lt vi cng sut ti a 25.000 m3/ngy cho dn s thit k khong 179.000 ngi. D n cng chun b qu t d phng dnh cho vic m rng h thng vi cng sut ti a 45.000m3/ngy cho dn s tng lai khong 250.000 ngi.

3. C CU VN HNH MY

Cng trnh cp nc sch DanKia 1 bao gm:

Trm bm nc th vi 5 t my ti h DanKia, 1 trm bin p v 1 ng ng chuyn ti nc th gia trm bm nc th n nh my x l.

Nh my x l nc sch vi cng sut 25.000m3/ngy, t ti v tr gn b h gm: b trn v phn phi, 3 b lng gia tc, 6 b lc nhanh ph thng (lc h) c mi che, 1 b cha nc sch 3.000m3, trm bm nc sch vi 6 t my v mt trm bin p.

ng ng chuyn ti nc sch 600 di 7.200m t trm bm nc sch n b cha Tng Lm.

B cha nc sch dung tch 5.000m3t ti i Tng Lm (Pin Thouard) vi cao trnh y b l 1560m.

ng ng chuyn ti t b cha Tng Lm v thnh ph Lt gm 2,8km ng thp 600, tip theo phn thnh 2 nhnh: nhnh 1 gm 5,4km ng thp 500 phn tip thnh 2 nhnh 300 di 6,5km (cp nc cho cc b Hng Vng, Gougal v Dinh 1) v nhnh 2 gm 1km ng thp 500 v 2km ng 300 (cp nc cho cc b Resimaire v Calypso).

CHNG 2: NI DUNG V KT QU THC TP

I. KHU CH XUT LINH TRUNG 1

1. QUY TRNH LM VIC KHU CH XUT LINH TRUNG 1:

Nh my x l nc thi tp trung KCX Linh Trung vi cng sut 7000m3/ngy m.

Phi x l ton b nc thi sinh hot v nc thi cng nghip ca tt c cc nh my trong khu theo tiu chun u ra nc thi cng nghip. Nc sau khi t tiu chun mt phn c gi li s dng cho mc ch khc mt phn s c thi ra ngun tip nhn l Sui Ci.

Nc thi cng nghip ca cc nh my c x l s b cc cht kh x l v cc cht vt nng cao vt tiu chun nc thi ca KCX nh ngnh x l xi m hay cc ngnh thi ra c kim loi.

Nc thi ca cc nh my trong KCX Linh Trung sau khi x l s b c thu gom v b tp trung.

Sau c bm vo x l qua 1 ng h o lu lng v b lc rc.

Ri chy n b iu ha c sc kh cung cp oxy s b v iu ha lu lng ,nng nc thi.

Nc sau b iu ha c bm lun phin vo b x l sinh hc theo cng ngh SBR. B SBR c iu chnh trnh t t ng bng chng trnh trong t PLC. Cc ch tiu c kim sot trong b SBR bao gm MLSS, pH, DO.

Sau khi x l vi sinh vt, nc thi c a sang b trung gian v n b kh trng cui cng l ra ngoi.

Nu nc ban u ra cha t ch tiu chun th s qua bn than hot tnh v lc p lc y l cm x l d phng, c vn hnh khi nc thi ti b trung gian cha t COD, SS, Mu, Kim loi.

Bn cn s c ly ra t b SBR chuyn qua b cha bn v qua my p bn thnh bnh bn. Bn kh c s dng trng cy.

2. NHIM V V CU TO

Qui trnh c thit k da theo nguyn l vn hnh d dng, c bn, hu ht cc quy trnh n v chen cht ca WWTP c iu khin t ng cung cp iu kin vn hnh ti u. Tt c cc cng trnh n v cng nh chc nng ca n, c m t trn bng iu khin chnh c trang b biu quy trnh v n ch th. Thm vo , tt c cc thit b c kh s c trang b cng tc t xa hoc cc b v cng tc ng m th cng. m bo mc nc trong mi b, cng tc mc nc c lp t trong bn v b m bo dng chy trn v ng h in t c lp t vi thit b theo di lu lng dng thi cho ngi vn hnh nhiu thng tin vn hnh.

Nc thi th n t nhiu nh my trong khu ch xut Linh Trung n h thu gom. Sau nc thi s c bm ln, cho qua b lc ng loi b ct v cc ht c kch c ln. Sau i vo b iu ha n nh lu lng v cht lng nc.

Hnh 2.1. Nt iu chnh h thng

a) H thu gom TK01-101:

Nhim v: tp trung nc thi t cng dn ca h thng thu gom nc thi t cc nh my sang khu x l, trnh chy trn.

Bao gm:

C gi lc rc th nhm gi li cc loi c kch thc ln nh bao b, nilon, giy hp.

My bm nc thi vo WP01-A/B/C.

Hnh 2.2. H thu gom

b) B iu ha TK01-103

S lng : 1

Nhim v : Do tnh cht ca nc thi thay i theo tng gi sn xut v n ph thuc rt nhiu vo cng on, cng ngh sn xut ca tng nh my. V vy cn xy dng b iu ha tng cng hiu qu x l ca h thng. B ny nhm in ha lu lng v nng nc thi.

Bao gm: Bm nc thi WP103-A/B/C

ng h o lu lng FM01

My lc rc tinh SCR c :

S lng : 4 my giai on 1 v 5 my giai on 3

Loi : ng nghing

Nhim v : gi li cc cht thi rn nh ct si t vn

c) B sinh hc SBR

Gm 2 b : B sinh hc SBR TK1-201A/B v b sinh hc SBR TK2-201C

Quy trnh b SBR: Tt c cc b SBR c 5 bc chung thc hin trong mt chui nh sau: pha lm y, pha phn ng, pha lng, pha tho nc trong, pha ch. SBR vn hnh theo m, th tch c xc nh qua mng chn, c cung cp cho b phn ng sut giai on lm y, dng vo sau chuyn hng n b tip theo lin tc, m c lm thong. Khi sc kh khng tip tc, hn hp lng c cho php lng di iu kin hon ton tnh lng. Dng c x l sau c loi b t phn trn ca b phn ng. B phn ng sau khng hot ng khi ch m k tip.

Hnh 2.3. B iu chnh pH

d) B iu chnh pH B01

Bao gm:

Motor khuy M01

Bm nh lng cht trung ha DP01-A/B v motor khuy MC01 bn ha cht NaOH.

e) B keo t B02

Motor khuy M02

Bm nh lng cht keo t DP03- A/B v motor khuy MC02 bn ha cht PAC.

f) B to bng B03

Motor khuy: M03

Hnh 2.4. B keo t

B o pH : pHC01

B h o ORP :ORP01

g) B lng bn ha l B04

Motor gt bn M04

Bm bn SP05-A/B vo ngn thu bn ha l B05

Bm nh lng ha cht tr lng DP03-A/B v motor khuy Mc03 bn ha cht Polymer Anion.

h) B Anoxic B06

Motor khuy M06-A/B

Nhim v: Nc b lng bn ha l sau khi c tch s b s c trn qua mng trn v chy xung b Anoxic, ti b Anoxic s c pha trn vi bn tun hon t b phn ng sinh hc cc vi sinh vt hiu kh loi b bt nit sau quay li b phn ng sinh hc.

Hnh 2.5. Motor khuy

i) B sinh hc hiu kh B07

My thi kh AB07-A/B/C

Bin tn BT07

Bm nc thi tun hon RP07-A/B

Nhim v: Nc thi sau khi x l s b cn cha cc cht hu c dng ha tan v l lng i vo b Aeroten. Cc cht l lng lm ni vi sinh vt bm vo c tr, sinh sn v pht trin, dn dn thnh cc ht cn bng to v l lng trong nc, gi cho cc bng cn trng thi l lng v m bo oxy cho qu trnh oxy ha cht hu c th cn cung cp oxy nn phi dng my thi kh.

Hnh 2.6. B sinh hc hiu kh

j) B lng bn sinh hc B08

Bao gm:

Motor gt bn M08

Bm bt SP09-C

Hnh 2.7. B lng bn sinh hc

Bm bn SP09-C vo ngn thu bn sinh hc B09

k) B nn bn sinh hc B11c: Motor gt bn M11

l) B nn bn ha l B12 c: Motor gt bn M12

m) B lc p lc FT-A/B/C

n) B trung gian KT1-202

o) B kh trng TK01-304

Motor khuy Mc04 bn ha cht Chlorine

Hnh 2.8. B kh trng

ng h lu lng FM02

Bm nh lng ha cht kh trng DP03-A/B bn ha cht Chlorine

Nh p bn: My p bn BFP

Hnh 2.9. My p bn

3. NHNG PHT HIN S C V CCH GII QUYT

Phng n kim tra bt k khi c s c:

Khi pht hin mu, mi v mt s du hiu khc thng ti b thu nc thi u vo (pH gim, nng dn in tng, ch tiu kim loi tng) hoc cc thng s hot ng ca b SBR thay i (bn lng km, mu sc thay i, MLSS gim, DO qu cao hay qu thp, ch s u ra cao,..) th phi tin hnh kim tra.

Xc nh nguyn nhn gy ra nhng du hiu bt thng (mu, mi).

Phn tch mt s ch tiu nghi ng trong phng th nghim bng cc thit b o pH, dn in, my Hach.

Khoanh vng cc nh my, kim tra cc h ga chnh ca tng khu vc, kim tra cc h ga ca nh my nghi ng theo c th nc thi ca tng nh my.

Thi gian kim tra bt k trong ngy.

Cc gii php cho tng trng hp xy ra s c khn cp:

pH u vo nh hn bng 6 th phi tin hnh b sung thm Sda ti b iu chnh pH nng pH ln 7 hoc d tr ti b pha long bt.

pH u vo ln hn hay bng 9 th cn phi pha long ti b cn bng hoc phi b sung thm acid gim pH xung 7.

Nu ch tiu dn in cao trn 1mS/cm v mu, mi nc c nhng du hiu bt thng th phi tin hnh cho ngng nc u vo v phn tch mt s ch tiu kim loi nng nghi ng.

Khi nh my ch xut c nc thi vt tiu chun, sau khi kim tra, Sepzon Linh Trung s lp bin bn yu cu phi c bin php x l trong vng 30 ngy, nu ti phm ln th 3 s khng cho a nc thi vo h thng nc thi ca ton khu.

Gii quyt s c b x l sinh hc phi da trn cc thng s:

Hm lng MLSS: ph thuc vo BOD u vo v thi gian x l.

Nng BOD trong b: nng DO trong b phi duy tr mc 1-2mg/l v mc nc ny ti u cho s pht trin ca vi sinh vt v tit kim nng lng.

Tc tiu th oxy: ph thuc vo nng MLSS v BOD u vo.

pH : duy tr mc 6-8.

Thi gian x l: t 4 n 12 gi.

Ch s SVI: t 50-120.

Thi gian lu bn thch hp: 10-15 ngy.

S c nh hng n b SBR:

pH TRONG B SBR GIM XUNG

Nc vo c Ph thp

Qa trnh Nitrification xy ra

Nguyn nhn

kim trong nc thi thp

pH u vo

Nng Amonia

Kim tra

Kim sot

kim u vo

Gii php

Xc nh ngun v ngn chn

iu chnh li DO

Ha thm kim

Tng lng bn thi

BN NI TRONG GIAI ON LNG

Vi khun dng si pht trin

Nguyn nhn

Qa trnh Denitrification xy ra

Xt nghim s hin din ca vi khun dng si bng knh hin vi

Kim tra

Kim sot

Kim tra nng Nitrate

Tng DO b SBR nu

DO< 1mg/l

Gii php

Ha thm 50-200 mg/l H2O2 vo b cho n khi SVI < 150

iu chnh pH mc

pH= 7

Tng nng DO trong b

Gia tng lng bn thi

Gim lng bn thi

LP BN LNG QU CAO V TRI THEO NC RA NGOI

Lu lng bn thi khng y

Nguyn nhn

MLSS trong b SBR qu cao

Kim tra bm bn, ng dn

Kim tra

Kim sot

Kim tra nng MLSS

Gii php

Sa cha bm bn v ng dn b hng

Tng lng bn thi

BN TR NN EN V C MI

Bn b phn hy k kh

Nguyn nhn

Ti trng hu c qu cao

Kim tra DO

Kim tra

Kim sot

Kim tra BOD u vo

Gia tng thi gian thi kh, ci thin hiu qu ca Aerotor

Gii php

Gim lu lng u vo tng nng DO trong b

BNG CN NH XUT HIN,SVI T YU CU NHNG NC U RA B C

c qu mc trong b SBR

Bn b oxy ha qu mc

Nguyn nhn

Tnh trng k kh xy ra

B sc do ng c

Kim tra nng DO trong b

Kim tra

Kim sot

Kim tra s c mt ca bn

Dng knh hin vi xem s hot ng ca vi sinh vt

Gim cng thi kh

Gim lng bn thi

Gii php

Gim mc DO trong b

Cy li bn v tun theo cc quy nh vn hnh

MN BN TR NN XM TRNG

Bn b phng (Bulking)

Nguyn nhn

Xc nh knh hin vi xem c mt ca vi khun dng si hay khng

Kim tra

Kim sot

Gii php

Tng DO trong b ln hn 1 mg/l

MNG BT TRNG C NI TRN MT B

MLSS qu thp

Nguyn nhn

Kim tra nng MLSS trong b

Kim tra

Kim sot

Gii php

Gim lng bn thi

4. KT QU T C SAU CHUYN THAM QUAN TI KHU CH XUT LINH TRUNG 1

Thy thc t quy m cng trnh s l nc thi sinh hot tp trung ca Khu ch sut Linh Trung 1, s phn b, sp t cc b x l, cng nh cc giai on sao cho ph hp vi quy trnh x l, quan st thc t c cc b, cc my mc ang vn hnh nh bm, song chn rc, my p bn, sn phi bn,b SBR, b Arotenk, cc dng c trong phng th nghim nh my so mu...m rng tm nhn v quy m ca mt nh my x l nc thi m trc nay ch nhn qua sch v.

Cng c c cc khi nim v qu trnh trn, lng, lc, kh trng, x l sinh hc k kh, x l ha l

Cng c thm cc ni dung v quy trnh vn hnh b lng, b lc, kh trng, x l sinh hc k kh, x l ha l, khi no nn dng qu trnh sinh hc, khi no nn dng qu trnh x l ha l v khi no nn kt hp c hai quy trnh.

II. NH MY X L NC CP ANKIA 1

1. H THNG LM VIC NH MY ANKIA 1:

Hnh 2.10. Quy trnh x l nh my nc cp dankia 1

a) TRM BM

Nh my c 3 trm bm:Trm bm cp I l ni vn chuyn nc ln khu x l, c 5 t my bm, 3 t my hot ng, 2 t my d phng. Cc my bm vn chuyn nc t ngun bm ln trn b phn phi chm ha cht.

Nhim v: bm nc t h ankia ln b ho trn phn phi nc

Thnh phn: c 5 t my, cng sut 450 m3/h, bm lin tc v 2 bm d phng

Bnh chng va (nhm cn bng p lc trong ng ng truyn ti, a nc ln cao n h thng x l). Trong qu trnh thu nc khng phi lc no h thng cng vn hnh lin tc, my bm c th b trc trc, nc vo my bm chy ngctr li c th lm gy cnh qut, v bm b nt, v th cn b tr bnh chng va

Hnh 2.11: Bnh chng va

H thng thu nc:

2 van y: 492

2 van 495 v 498

Hnh 2.12: Van 495

Hnh 2.13: Van 492

Hnh 2.14: T my bm trm bm cp 1

Trm bm cp II lm nhim v vn chuyn nc t b cha sch ra i cha nc ln phn phi cho ton thnh ph. Trm ny chia lm 2 khu vc, khu vc cha cc my bm phc v cho quy trnh ra lc, cc my cung cp nc v kh cho qu trnh ra lc. Khu vc tip theo cha t my bm nc sinh hot, nc sch bm ln di cha nc bm nc sch c cng sut 420 m3/h. Nc c bn a qua cc b lng bn, bn s lng qua 2 b, cn nc trong s gc v h gia, nc trong s c x ra li h. Bn s c x l ring. Bn y l bn v c, s do cng trnh th x l, 6 thng/1 ln.

Hnh 2.15. T my bm

Trm tip theo l trm ha cht, Clo v vi, cha vi (vi bt), phn, ha trn thnh b cha dung dch 7,1%, vi ha trn thnh dung dch 3%.

b) B HO TRN

B ho trn phn phi trc

Nc t tram bm cp 1 c a n b ho trn phn phi trc.

Nhim v:

Chm phn nhm tng qu trnh keo t to bng trc khi qua b lng.

Chm vi duy tr pH t 6.5-8.5

Clo ho s b, chm clo c tc dng kh cc hp cht hu c, cc keo t, huyn ph, to v sinh vt ni vi liu lng thch hp. V s c mt ca cc cht ny cc qu trnh tip theo s gim hiu qu ca qu trnh x l.

Cu to: c 5 ngn, 3 h thu v 2 ngn phn phi t xen k nhau.

Nguyn tc hot ng:

Nc th c bm t di ln b ho trn, qua 2 ngn phn phi u nc qua 3 h thu. Trong phn c cho vo qua van thnh b, vi v clo c cho vo qua h thng t di y b. Ring ng chm clo c t di t, cn ng ng chm phn t trn mt t d theo di c kim tra.

Hnh 2.16. B ha trn phn phi trc

B ho trn phn phi sau:

c xy dng bn cnh b ho trn phn phi trc tit kim din tch.

Nc sau khi lng s c a vo b ho trn phn phi sau theo nguyn tc t chy. Ti y nc s c chm thm vi (ng chm vi c t chm di mt nc) nng pH ln 6.5-8.5 m bo tiu chun nc sch v chm clo bng ng ng nha lp cao st thnh m bo clo d trong ng ng, trnh nhim bn ng ng. Sau nc s theo 2 mng phn phi chia u vo cc b lc

c) B LNG GIA TC

Nguyn l hot ng:

Keo t to bng v gip qu trnh xy ra. Sau khi c chm ha cht b ha trn trc th nc s c chuyn n b lng gia tc, vng ny c gi l vng s cp, vng bn ngoi l vng th cp, v tr bn ngoi l nhng cnh qut quay trn cho qu trnh to bng xy ra. Nhng bng cn ln s lng xung di, 1 phn khng lng c trn qua vng th 2 c gi l vng th cp. Ti vng th cp, cc ht bng cn khng lng c s dnh li vi nhau to thnh bng bn l lng bn trn, nc s dng ln a ra bun phn phi i n b ha trn phn phi sau. Lng bn s x b ra b lng bn.

Hnh 2.17. B lng Accelator

Hnh 2.18. B lng trong c tng cn l lng

d) B LC

B lc: c 3 b lc, mi b lc 45m2. Cc lp lc c lm bng ct thch anh. B lng lm nhim v gi cc ht cn l lng c trong nc. B lc lm nhim v gi cc ht cn b lng th b lc s gi cc ht cn v n s thm thu lc t trn xung di, sau n s c 1 ng phun nc dn nc ti b cha nc sch. 2 mng rng ca s hot ng khi qu trnh gi lc xy ra, vn tc lc 6m/h.

Hnh 2.19. B lc

2. QUY TRNH:

Nc x l l nc mt, ly nc gn b. y l h t nhin nhng v khai thng dng chy nn thnh h nhn to. H ny xa khu dn c, ch khc l Lt l thnh ph du lch nn khng c hot ng cng nghip tc ng. Nc y ch yu l nc t nhin nn ta ch x l c, mu. Ha cht c chm vo l phn, clo v vi. Phn s gip cho qu trnh keo t to bng din ra tt.

Trm bm 1 vn chuyn nc t h Dakin ln b trn trc, nc c chm ha cht phn v vi vi liu lng thch hp sau nc chuyn qua b lng gia tc (c 3 b lng), nc sau qu trnh lng. Chuyn qua b ha trn sau n b lc ( c 3 b lc nhanh), n b cha 3000 cm3. Trm bm cp 2 s vn chuyn nc t b cha 3000 cm3 n ng h nc sau n van gim p n b cha 5000 cm3 phn phi ra ton thnh ph. Trong x l sinh ra bn b lng bn. Nc b lng lc s tp trung b lng bn, bn lng xung. Nc ra li h Dakin.

Qu trnh ra lc xy ra khi b lc bn. Ra lc c 3 giai on: giai on 1, v tr nc vo s ng li, v tr ng thi gi s sc kh ni b lc, xi tung cc vt liu lc ln, ui cc cht bn i, xy ra trong vng 5 pht, sau n ngh 1 pht v n giai on th 2, ra va nc va kh. V tr s 8 cung cp nc ca qu trnh ra lc, nc t qu trnh ra lc ly t b cha nc sch, dn qua 1 ng nc t di ln, n s phi hp cng vi kh y cc ht cn c trong ct lc i v theo mng dn nc v b lng bn, qu trnh ny xy ra trong vng 1 pht v xy ra nhiu s tri ct lc. Sau , ngh 1 pht n giai on th 3. Giai on th 3 l ra nc hon ton, van kh s ng li, van cp nc ca qu trnh ra lc s y nc t di ln trn ca cht bn c trong cc i n mng phn phi, ra b lng bn. Qu trnh ny s xy ra trong vng 10 pht v sau hn 15 pht th b lc s hot ng bnh thng tr li. Lc ny v tr s 6 tip tc m ra cho nc vo b lc v chu k ra lc s xy ra trong 72 gi. 200 m3 tiu tn trong qu trnh ra lc.

3. KT QU T C SAU CHUYN THAM QUAN TI LT

nh my x l nc cp Dan Kia, chng em c lm quen vi cc cng ngh thc t m qu trnh hc cha c tri nghim y . Nh p dng cc cng ngh hin i nh h thng b lng gia tc, b lc nhanh, nh my x l nc sch t tiu chun ca B Y t v nc cp sinh hot, m bo v gi thnh v tit kim din tch t s dng cho cc cng trnh x l. Qua chuyn tham quan thc tp ny, chng em c dp cng c li l thuyt hc, c bit c tn mt quan st v hiu r v cu to, nguyn tc hot ng ca cc cng trnh, my mc, thit b s dng trong dy chuyn x l nc cp. Bn cnh , chng em c b sung thm khng ch kin thc m cn c dp tri nghim gip hiu thm v bn b v cc thy c gio trong khoa cngnh hnh dung r nt hn hot ng ngh nghip ca mnh trong tng lai.

Kt thc chuyn im n tham quan, on thc tp, i din l cc Ging vin cm n Ban Lnh o cng ty to iu kin gip cc em chng em c n tham quan thc t ti nh my, ng thi cng mong mun nh my s tip tc to iu kin v gip cc em sinh vin kha sau c n tham quan ti nh my.

CHNG 3: KT LUN

I. K NNG THC HNH NO HC HI

Thy c lng nhit huyt, yu ngh ca nhng con ngi hot ng trong lnh vc Mi trng ni chung, x l nc thi v nc cp ni ring, cn c vn kin thc rng v kinh nghim p dng vo nhng trng hp khi gp s c.

II. NHNG KINH NGHIM THC TIN NO TCH LU

K nng nhn mu nc on c mc nhim, c c kinh nghim trn cn c thi gian lm vic vi cc b x l thng xuyn.

C th nui c sau qu trnh x l mt phn lm gim nhim, mt phn cng c th lm ch th cho ngun nc sau x l.

Khi thit k b thu nc u vo nn chn v tr thp nht ca cng trnh d dng tch nc bm i x l.

B thu nc u vo v b cha nc sau x l nn t gn nhau v c l thng nhau khi c s c nh my khng hot ng c th nc trong b cha u vo khng b chy trn ra ngoi mi trng.

III. NHNG KIN THC CN CHUN B TRC KHI RA TRNG

Nm r cc vn bn php lut v mi trng, gm c lut mi trng, Ti nguyn nc v cc Ngh nh thng t v cc vn mi trng.

Hiu v vn dng tt cc kin thc v qun l, vn hnh h thng x l.

Tinh thn trch nhim v lng yu ngh.

Trang b thm cc k nng mn khc nh k nng thuyt trnh, k nng lng nghe, k nng lm vic nhm... v bit vn dng cc phn mm tin hc nh autocar, civil...vo ngnh ngh.

Hc thm cc kha hc ngn hn v mi trng nh :HSE, ISO...

Nng cao trnh ngoi ng

IV. KIN NGH CA SINH VIN VI CC N V

Cc anh(ch) hng dn rt nhit tnh hng dn cho chng em c th hiu r hn v quy trnh x l nc thi cng nghip cng nh nc cp sinh hot, tn tnh tr li cc cu hi thc mc ca cc bn sinh vin m khng h tham trch. Mc d cn nhiu kh khn nh h thng nc thi cha x l c NH4 nn vn cn c nhng mi hi tuy nhin vn linh ng x l bng cch che chn bao ni long c th gim bt mi hi. Cm n cc anh(ch) hng dn rt nhiu, mong rng vn gi c lng yu ngh ca cc anh, cc ch nhng th h sau chng em c th n tham quan v hc hi nhiu iu ti cc ni tham quan.

V. NHN NH CA BN THN V CHUYN THAM QUAN THC T

Chuyn tham quan gip chng em m rng thm hiu bit ca bn thn v ngnh ngh mnh ang hc nh : thc t chng kin cc giai on vn hnh; cc thit b hin i; m hnh ca mt h thng vn hnh x l nc thi sinh hot tp trung, gip kt ni c cc kin thc trn trng vi cc kin thc thc t lm em nh su hn, k hn cc vn v qu trnh x l nc thi, c thm cc kinh nghim trong vic vn hnh cng nh pht hin v gii quyt cc s c trong qu trnh vn hnh.

c bit l thy c lng yu ngh v tinh thn trch nhim trong cng vic m mnh ang theo hc, em cng thy c s nhit tnh ca cc c quan trong vic hng dn tham quan thc tp v s quan tm, chm sc, n cn ca cc ging vin trong trng gip chng em c mt chuyn i thc t rt b ch, y ngha v ng nh ca thi sinh vin.

VI. KIN NGH VI KHOA V CHUYN THAM QUAN THC T

Nh chuyn tham quam thc tp nhn thc ny, em c th thy c nhng kin thc mnh cn thiu st t c th b sung nhanh chng kp thi. ng thi em cng hnh dung c v ngh nghip sau ny ca mnh s lm g v lm nh th no c th tt nht ngoi ra cng hc tp c nhng kin thc x l tnh hung khn cp c th phc v cho cng vic ca bn thn sau ny. Chuyn tham quan thc tp nhn thc ny li nhng n tng rt tt p vi em, ngoi nhng kin thc qu gi m em c hc hi ngoi thc t th cn l nhng kin thc thc hnh x hi, nhng k nng tp th c th phc v tt hn cho cng vic ca bn than sau ny.

Chuyn tham quan tht s rt c ch i vi cc sinh vin, do , mong Khoa s t chc nhiu t tham gian na chng em c dp c c st vi thc t, chng em c nhiu kin thc hn v thc t gip ch cho cng vic sau ny.

Chuyn thc tp ko di t ngy 3.12.12 n ngy 8.12.12 cng vi nhng im dng chn kh th v Vin Hi Dng Hc Nha Trang v hai im thc tp chnh l nh my x l nc cp Dan Kia thung lng Vng Lt, nh my x l nc thi Lt.

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