basic concepts of computing ed green senior lecturer – ist © ed green penn state university penn...

Basic Concepts of Computing

Ed GreenSenior Lecturer – IST

© Ed Green © Ed Green Penn State UniversityPenn State University All Rights ReservedAll Rights Reserved

Computing as a Science

Basic principalsUbiquity and its implicationsSocietal considerations

Workplace At home Ethics and behaviors

Influencers of contemporary computing Intel – high speed computing Ted Codd – meaningful large databases Larry Ellison – integrated business solutions Steve Jobs – computing for everyone Bill Gates – office productivity Internet - communications Google – online searching Mark Zuckerberg – social computing

04/19/23 Basic Concepts 2

Basic PrincipalsTelevision

Radio

Entertainment

Telephony

Internet

Games

The everyday things in today’s life revolvearound the capabilities of a computer.


Discussion – Your Examples

TelevisionRadioGame SystemsEntertainment SystemsTelephonyInternetOthers?

Discuss how computers are involved in each of theseeveryday devices and their use.


Basic Principals – How does it work?

A personlike youwants to dosomething in

tera

cts Some type of device

stimulates

Results of processing

pro

du

ces

responds

A personlike youwants to dosomething


All images courtesy of Google Images

Ubiquity of Computing

Ubiquitous – presence everywhereComputing is a commodity in developed nations

Present in nearly every home in a variety of forms

A business essential – again in multiple forms General availability – public access computing

Computing becoming a commodity in developing nations

Multitude of devicesAbsence of computing trait of under-developed nations

Digital divide


Ubiquity of Computing

General statement – computing is ubiquitous . . . . . . but, what does this really mean?Sectors of modern life

Workplace School and learning environments Home environment Travel and leisure

Geographic considerations Domestic (USA) Foreign (global)

Demographic considerations Developed Developing Under developed


Societal Considerations of Computing

Workplace General business functions (for example, HR and finance)

Employee management (such as performance appraisals) Wages/salaries and benefits Payroll including time/attendance Policies and procedures General ledger/bookkeeping including accounts receivable and

accounts payable Business-specific (based on the type of business)

Engineering including CAD (computer-aided design) Manufacturing including CAM (computer-aided manufacturing),

bill-of-materials, shop-floor control, and inventory management Partnership (relationships with customers and suppliers)

Electronic commerce including B2B and B2C Direct deposits of wages (for employees) and withholdings (to

taxing authorities and benefits providers) Relationship (interactions with employees)

Employee communications/social media Self-service capabilities


Societal Considerations of Computing

At home Commonly-used appliances (refrigerator, microwave, HVAC,

more?) Common tasks (bill paying, information search) Entertainment (electronic games, television) Transportation (the modern automobile) Communication (the cell phone)

Ethics and behaviors Personal information security

Your responsibilities Your expectations of others

Respect for ownership of intellectual property (copyright infringement)

Use of the Internet Legal considerations – the laws “in play” and

consequences


Influencers

Intel – high speed computingTed Codd – meaningful large databasesLarry Ellison – integrated business solutionsSteve Jobs – computing for everyoneBill Gates – office productivityInternet - communicationsGoogle – online searchingMark Zuckerberg – social computing


At the front of our thinkingAt the front of our thinking

History of Computing

The first computer – abacusLogic mathematics – George Boole

Boolean algebra- 1876 – differential analyzer (James Thompson1890 census – Hollerith tabulatorAnalog computer

Described for fire control by Arthur Pollen First built in 1920’s

1929 – network analyzer – General Electric and MIT

. . . World War II



1946 – ENIAC – Grace Hopper @ UPENNLate 1940’s –

Alan Turing – stored program theory John von Neumann – stored program architecture

1950’s – first modern computer languages FORTRAN – John Backus LISP – John McCarthy COBOL – Grace Hopper & Short Range Team ALGOL – scientific community

1954 – IBM 704 – first mass-produced computer1959 – IBM 7090 – second generationLate 1950’s – computer chips – Jack Kilby & Robet Noyce1962 – GE 225 computer with GECOS operating system and first time sharing capability 1960’s – computing to support space exploration activities (e.g., Apollo)



1963 – Charles Bachman – first database management system (GE Philadelphia)1968 – ARPA – first “internet” prototype (ARPANET)1968 – first transaction processing system (CICS from IBM)1970 – Ted Codd (IBM) – rules for relational databases

Foundation of modern database management 1977 – Larry Ellison founds Oracle1981 – (IBM) – first PC

1984 – (Apple & Steve Jobs) – first MAC computer1988 – first iMac computer (Apple)



1990’s – emergence of cell phones1995 – commercial Internet1994 – Jerry Young & David Filo found Yahoo1994 – beginning of social media1997 – Larry Page & Sergy Brin found Google©

1999 – first online social network2001 – iPod from Apple (Steve Jobs)2003 – Linkedin & MySpace appear2003 – iTunes introduced2004 – Facebook (Marc Zuckerberg)2007 – iPhone from Apple (Steve Jobs)2010 – iPad from Apple (Steve Jobs)


What’s next?What’s next?

basic concepts of computing ed green senior lecturer – ist © ed green penn state university penn...

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