Đề cương ôn tập học kì 1 môn Tiếng Anh 10

REVIEW: THE PRESENT SIMPLE & THE PRESENT CONTINUOUSI. PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE (Thì hiện tại đơn) 1. Form :

Động từ TO BE Động từ thường

(+)- I am + Noun/Adjective...- You/We/They + are ...- She/he/it + is ...Eg:  + I am tall. / I am a teacher.        + We are students.        + She is my mother.

- I/You/We/They + V + O...- She/he/it + V(s/es) + O...Eg: + I love coffee.       + She teaches at a primary school.Ngoại lệ:She has 3 sons.  (have ---has)

 (-) - I'm not (am not) + Noun / Adjective. - You/We/They + aren't (are not)...- She/He/It + isn't (is not)  ...Eg: + I am not a student. / I'm not hard working.        + They are not my uncles. / They are not friendly.        + She isn't beautiful.

- I/We/They + don't (do not) + V- She/He/It + doesn't (does not) + V Eg: + I don't like green.        + He doesn't love shopping.

(?)- Am I + Noun/Adjective...?+ Yes, I am+ No, I'm not. - Are you/they/we...?+ Yes, I am/ We/they are...+ No, I'm not / We/they aren't...- Is she/he/it...?+ Yes, she/he/it is+ No, she/he/it isn't ...Eg: + Is she a doctor? - Yes, she is.       + Are you busy now? - No, I'm not.       + Is he a rich man? - No, he isn't.

- Do + you/they/we... + V...?+ Yes, I/we/they do. + No, I/we/they don't. - Does + she/he/it + V...?+ Yes, she/he/it does. + No, she/he/it doesn't. Eg: + Does your mother cook well? -Yes, she does.       + Does he own a villa? - No, he doesn't.

 2. Usage:- Thói quen ở hiện tại. 

Eg: I watch TV every night.- Diễn tả sở thích, năng lực bản thân.Eg: I love shopping. / He plays tennis very well. - Sự thật hiển nhiên, chân lí không thể phủ nhận .Eg: The sun rises in the East and set in the West.- Diễn tả hành động xảy ra theo lịch trình, thời gian biểu đã định sẵn, đặc biệt là các động từ di chuyển.Eg: The train leaves at 7.00 am in the morning.3. Adverb      

- everyday/week/month/year...: mọi ngày/tuần/tháng/năm*** Các trạng từ tần suất   đi kèm : -always: luôn luôn                                           -  usually: thường thường 

-often = regularly: thường xuyên                    -  sometimes = occasionally: thỉnh thoảng 

- never: không bao giờ 

Note: (các trạng từ này đứng trước động từ thường và đứng sau động từ TOBE)Eg: - I often go to school on Monday.       - She is sometimes lazy. II. PRESENT CONTINUOUS (Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn)  1. Form : 

(+) I + am +V-ingYou/We/They + are + V-ing

She/He/It + is + V-ing

(-) I + am not +V-ing

You/We/They + aren’t (are not) +V-ing

She/He/It + isn’t (is not) +V-ing

(?) Am + I + V-ing ?-Yes, I am. / No, I amn’tAre + you/we/they + V-ing?- Yes, we/they are.- No, we/they aren’t.

Is+ She/He/It + V-ing...?- Yes, she/he/it is.

- No, she/he/it isn't.

2. Usage -Diễn tả hành động đang xảy ta tại thời điểm nói. Eg:     + Listen! She is singing now.           + Sorry, I'm doing my homework so I can't go out with you. - Diễn tả hành động xảy ra liên tục gây khó chịu cho người khácCấu trúc: S + am/is/are + always/continually/constantly + Ving Eg:    + That dog is always barking. (Con chó lúc nào cũng sủa)         + My son is constantly making noise, so I can't focus on my work at home. (Con trai tôi lúc nào cũng náo động nên tôi không thể tập trung giải quyết công việc ở nhà)- Diễn tả kế hoạch trong tương lai, có dự định từ trước và được chuẩn bị, lên kế hoạch rõ ràngEg:   + I’m going to the cinema tomorrow evening. (Tối mai tôi sẽ đi xem phim)        + My daughter is studying in Japan next month. (Tháng sau con gái tôi sẽ đi du học Nhật Bản)Note: Không dùng thì hiện tại tiếp diễn với các động từ tri giác như: SEE, HEAR, LIKE, LOVE, WANT, NEED, NOTICE, SMELL, TASTE... 

REVIEW: THE FUTURE SIMPLE WITH WILL VS. BE GOING TOI. FUTURE SIMPLE TENSE (Thì tương lai đơn)1. Form:

(+) S + will + V

(-) S + won’t (will not) + V

(?) Will  + S + V...?- Yes, S + will- No, S + won't

2. Usage: - Diễn tả hành động, ý định nảy ra ngay tại thời điểm nói.Eg: + I’m so tired. I’ll go to bed right now. (Tôi thấy mệt quá. Tôi sẽ đi ngủ ngay bây giờ.)

       + Where are you going? Wait, I will go with you. (Cậu đang đi đâu thế? Đợi chút, tớ sẽ đi cùng cậu.)

- Đưa ra lời yêu cầu, đề nghị, lời mời, lời hứa.Eg: + Will you turn off the TV? (Anh tắt TV giúp tôi được không?)  --> Lời yêu cầu

       + Will you please bring me a cup of tea? (Anh làm ơn mang cho tôi 1 tách trà được không?) --> Lời đề nghị

       + I won’t tell anyone this. (Tôi sẽ không kể cho ai chuyện này đâu.)  --> Lời hứa

- Diễn đạt dự đoán không có căn cứ.Eg: + It will rain. (Trời sẽ mưa.)

       + I guess she won’t come to the party. (Tôi đoán cô ta sẽ không đến bữa tiệc.)

3. Adverb:     - tomorrow: ngày mai                      

-  next day / week / month / year / century: ngày/tuần/tháng/năm tiếp theo.                       

-  in + thời gian (in 2 minutes, in 3 days…): trong 2 phút/3 ngày tới.  II. NEAR FUTURE TENSE. ( Thì tương lai gần)1. Form:

(+) I + am + going + to-VYou/We/They + are + going + to-V

She/He/It + is + going + to-V

(-) I + amn’t (am not) + going + to-VYou/We/They + aren’t (are not) + going + to-V

She/He/It + isn’t (is not) + going + to-V

(?) Am + I + going + to-V?-Yes, I am. / No, I amn’t.Are + you/we/they + going + to-V?- Yes, we/they are.- No, we/they aren’t.

Is+ She/He/It + going + to-V...?- Yes, she/he/it is.- No, she/he/it isn't.

 2. Usage:- Dùng để diễn tả một dự định, kế hoạch trong tương lai.

Eg: +  He is going to get married this year.

 (Anh ta dự định sẽ kết hôn trong năm nay.)

      + We are going to take a trip to HCM city this weekend. 

(Chúng tôi dự định sẽ làm một chuyến tới thành phố HCM vào cuối tuần này.)

- Dùng để diễn đạt một dự đoán có căn cứ, có dẫn chứng cụ thể.

Eg: + Look at those dark clouds! It is going to rain. 

(Hãy nhìn những đám mây kia kìa! Trời sắp mưa đấy.)

       +  Are you going to cook dinner? I have seen a lot of vegetables on the table. 

(Bạn chuẩn bị nấu bữa tối à? Tớ vừa trông thấy rất nhiều rau củ quả ở trên bàn.)

3. Adverb:Dấu hiệu nhận biết thì tương lai gần bao gồm các trạng từ chỉ thời gian trong tương lai giống như dấu hiệu nhận biết thì tương lai đơn, nhưng nó có thêm những căn cứ hay những dẫn chứng cụ thể.- in + thời gian: trong … nữa (in 2 minutes: trong 2 phút nữa)

- tomorrow: ngày mai

- Next day: ngày hôm tới

- Next week/ next month/ next year: Tuần tới/ tháng tới/ năm tới

Eg: + Tomorrow I am going to visit my parents in New York. I have just bought the ticket. (Ngày mai tôi sẽ đi thăm bố mẹ tôi ở New York. Tôi vừa mới mua vé rồi.)

Ta thấy “Ngày mai” là thời gian trong tương lai. “Tôi vừa mới mua vé” là dẫn chứng cụ thể cho việc sẽ “đi thăm bố mẹ ở New York”.

 

THE PASSIVEMuốn đổi câu từ thể chủ động sang thể thụ động, ta thực hiện các bước sau:

Active (chủ động):  Subject + Verb + ObjectPassive (bị động):  Subject + be + Past Participle + by ObjectLưu ý: Động từ to be ở thì nào thi câu bị động ở thì đó.

Thể bị động được dùng khi:

a) Không biết hay không cần biết đến tác nhân thực hiện hành động.

Ex: This house was built in 1999.

Ngôi nhà này được xây vào năm 1999.

b) Muốn nhấn mạnh người hoặc vật thực hiện hành động.

Ex: This house was designed by Hung.

Căn nhà này được thiết kế bởi Hùng.

 

1. Câu bị động cơ bản với các thì thường gặp

Tenses Active Passive Examples

Simple present tense

Vs/ es am/ is/ are + Ved/ V3

I clean my room everyday.

-> My room is cleaned by me every day.

Present continuous lease

am/ is/ are + V- ing

am/ is/ are + being + Ved/ V3

Lan is helping her mother with housework.

—> Her mother is being helped with housework by Lan.

Simple past tense

v-ed/ v2 was/were+ Ved/ V3 I called him last night.

—> He was called by me last night.

 

Tenses Active Passive Examples

Past continuous tense

was/ were+ V-ing

was/ were + being + Ved/ V3

They were watching al soccer match at 7 o’clock last night.

—> A soccer match was being watched at 7 o’clock last night.

Simple future tense

will/ shall+

V nguyên thể

will/ shall + be + Ved/ V3

I will help her.

—> She will be helped by me. 1

Present perfect tense

have/ has + Ved/ V3

have/has + been + Ved/ V3

They have seen this film 1 many times.

->This film has been seen! Many times.

Modal verbs modal verb + V nguyên thể

modal verb + be + Ved/ V3

I can use this machine.

—>This machine can be used by me.

 2. Câu bị động nâng cao Để tránh dùng các danh từ hay đại từ nhân xưng như they hoặc people, ta dùng thể bị động với những động từ tường thuật (reporting verbs): say, believe, understand, know.

Ex: People say that this girl lives in Australia.

—> This girl is said to live in Australia. (Người ta nói rằng cô gái này sống ở úc.)

Ta có thể tóm tắt như sau:

People/ They + say/ believe... + that + S + V + ...Cách 1: It + be + said/ believed... + that + S + V +...

Cách 2: S+ be+ said/ believed... + to-infinitiveTo + have + Ved/ V3

Note:

Ta dùng to have + Ved/ V3 khi động từ tường thuật và động từ trong mệnh đề chính chênh lệch về thì.

Ex: People say that he was given a scholarship.

—> He is said to have been given a scholarship.

 

COMPOUND SENTENCES- Câu ghép (Compound sentence) được cấu tạo bởi 2 hay nhiều mệnh đề độc lập (Independent clause). Các mệnh đề này thường được nối với nhau bởi liên từ (conjunction), có thể thêm dấu phẩy hoặc dấu chấm phẩy trước liên từ đó, hoặc các trạng từ nối.

- Mỗi 1 mệnh đề có tầm quan trọng và đều có thể đứng một mình

* Có 3 cách để có thể kết nối các mệnh đề độc lập thành câu ghép1.  Sử dụng 1 liên từ nốiTrong tiếng Anh, có 7 liên từ thường dùng để nối trong câu ghép bao gồm: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so

- Liên từ for: dùng để chỉ nguyên nhânVí dụ: I never stay in that hotel, for it is really bad. (Tôi không bao giờ ở khách sạn đó vì nó quá tệ.)

- Liên từ and: dùng để cộng thêm vàoVí dụ: I like playing the guitar and I often go to the guitar club. (Tôi thích chơi ghi-ta và tôi thường đến câu lạc bộ ghi-ta)

- Liên từ nor: dùng để bổ sung một ý phủ định vào ý phủ định đã được nêu trước đóVí dụ: Students don’t do homework, nor do they learn vocabulary. (Học sinh không làm bài tập về nhà cũng không học từ vựng.)

- Liên từ but: chỉ sự mâu thuẫnVí dụ: I studied hard, but I didn’t pass the exam. (Tôi học hành rất chăm chỉ nhưng tôi vẫn thi không đậu.)

- Liên từ or: dùng để bổ sung một lựa chọn khác

Ví dụ: You should stop smoking, or your health will be worse. (Bạn nên ngừng hút thuốc hoặc sức khỏe của bạn sẽ trở nên tệ hơn.)

- Liên từ yet: dùng để diễn tả ý kiến trái ngược so với ý trước

Ví dụ: He is rich, yet he isn’t mean. (Anh ta giàu nhưng không keo kiệt.)

- Liên từ so: dùng để nói về một kết quả của sự việc được nhắc đến trước đó.

Ví dụ: He didn’t bring a map, so he got lost. (Anh ta không mang theo bản đồ và anh ta đã bị lạc đường.) 

2. Sử dụng một trạng từ nối- Các mệnh đề độc lập của một câu ghép cũng có thể được kết nối bằng một các trạng từ như: Furthermore, However, Otherwise,…

- Cần lưu ý việc đánh dấu câu khi sử dụng trạng từ nối.

+ Những trạng từ mang nghĩa tương tự “and”: Furthermore; besides; in addition to; also; moreover; 

Ví dụ: My big brother is good at math; moreover, he is excellent at English. (Anh cả tôi giỏi toán, ngoài ra, anh còn rất giỏi tiếng Anh.)

+ Những trạng từ mang nghĩa tương tự “but, yet”: However; nevertheless, although; even though; in spite of; despite; ...

Ví dụ: Mary is so fat; however, she keeps eating junk food. (Mary rất mập; tuy nhiên, cô ấy vẫn liên tục ăn đồ ăn nhanh.)

+ Những trạng từ mang nghĩa tương tự “or”: Otherwise 

Ví dụ: I should be in a hurry; otherwise, you will be late. (Bạn nên nhanh chân lên, nếu không bạn sẽ trễ học.)

+ Những trạng từ mang nghĩa tương tự “so”:therefore; thus; accordingly; hence; as a result of; 

Ví dụ: He wanted to study late; therefore, he drank another cup of coffee. (Anh ta muốn học khuya; vì thế, anh ta đã thêm một cốc cà phê nữa.) 

3. Sử dụng dấu chấm phẩy (;)- Các mệnh đề độc lập trong một câu ghép cũng có thể được kết nối chỉ bằng một dấu (;)

- Kiểu câu này được sử dụng khi hai mệnh đề độc lập có quan hệ gần gũi

- Nếu giữa chúng không có mối quan hệ gần gũi, chúng sẽ được viết tách thành hai câu đơn, tách biệt hẳn bằng dấu chấm.

Ví dụ: I enjoy playing tennis; I hate playing badminton.

 

INFINITIVES(Hình thức nguyên thể)

Ta sử dụng dạng động từ nguyên thể khi trước đó là:

1. Những động từ sau đi với “to-V”: begin (bắt đầu), decide (quyết định), ask (đòi hỏi),  expect (mong đợi), forget (quên), hope (hy vọng), intend (có ý định), learn (học), plan (kể hoạch), prefer (thích hơn), promise (lời hứa), seem (dường như), try (cố gắng), want (muốn), would like (muốn), etc.Eg:- He promised to come back before dinner. (Anh hứa sẽ trở lại trước bữa tối.)

- My brother wants to study abroad.(Anh trai tôi muốn đi du học) 

2. Những động từ sau đi với “V-inf”: feel (cảm thấy), hear (nghe), notice (chú ý), see (nhìn), watch (xem), make (bắt làm gì), let (cho phép), etc. Eg: My boss makes us work hard. (Ông chủ của tôi bắt chúng tôi làm việc chăm chỉ.)

His mother let him go out with us.(Mẹ anh ấy cho phép anh đi chơi với chúng tôi.)

 

REVIEW THE PAST SIMPLE AND THE PAST CONTINUOUSChúng ta thường xuyên sử dụng thì quá khứ tiếp diễn với thì quá khứ đơn. Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn sử dụng để nói về hành động đang xảy ra trong quá trình, và thì quá khứ đơn để nói về hành động làm gián đoạn hành động kia. 

Eg: It was raining when we arrived at school. While they were having dinner, the telephone rang. 

PAST SIMPLE (Thì quá khứ đơn)I. Form:

Động từ TOBE Động từ thường

(+)- I/She/he/It + was + Noun / Adjective- You/We/They + were + Noun / AdjectiveEg:  + I was so lazy when I was a girl.        + My mother was a dentist.

S + V-ed/ PI-cột 2 trong bảng Động từ bất quy tắcEg:    + I played football when I was 20.          + She had breakfast at 8 a.m yesterday morning.

(-)- I/She/he/It + wasn’t + Noun/Adjective- You/We/They + weren't + Noun / AdjectiveEg:     + I wasn't a lazy student.          + They weren't teachers at a primary school.

S + didn’t + V ...

Eg:   + I didn't play football when I was 20.         + They didn't learn English when they were young.

(?)- Were you/we/they + Noun / adjective...?+ Yes, I was / Yes, they/we were. + No, I wasn't / No, they/we weren't. - Was I/she/he/it + Noun / adjective...?+ Yes, she/he/it was. + No, she/he/it wasn't. Eg: + Were you a teacher? => Yes, I was      + Was she a beautiful girl?       => No, she wasn't.

Did + S + V...?+Yes, S + did. +No, S + didn't 

Eg:  + Did you play football when you were 20? => Yes, I did.

II- CÁCH SỬ DỤNG CỦA THÌ QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠNDùng để diễn tả một hành động đã xảy ra và kết thúc trong quá khứ.Ví dụ:

- They went to the concert last night. (Họ đã tới rạp hát tối hôm qua.) 

- The plane took off two hours ago. (Máy bay đã cất cánh cách đây 2 giờ.)

III- DẤU HIỆU NHẬN BIẾT THÌ QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN.

Trong câu có các trạng từ chỉ thời gian trong quá khứ:

- yesterday (hôm qua)

- last night/ last week/ last month/ last year: tối qua/ tuần trước/ tháng trước/ năm ngoái

- ago: Cách đây. (two hours ago: cách đây 2 giờ/ two weeks ago: cách đây 2 ngày …)

- when: khi (trong câu kể)

  THE PAST CONTINUOUS (Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn)

I.  Form : 

(+) I + was +V-ingYou/We/They + were + V-ing

She/He/It + was + V-ing

(-) I + wasn’t (was not) +V-ing

You/We/They + weren’t (were not) +V-ing

She/He/It + wasn’t (was not) +V-ing

(?) Was + I + V-ing ?-Yes, I was. / No, I wasn’t.Were + you/we/they + V-ing?- Yes, we/they were.- No, we/they weren’t.

Was+ She/He/It + V-ing...?- Yes, she/he/it was.- No, she/he/it wasn't.

II- CÁCH SỬ DỤNG CỦA THÌ QUÁ KHỨ TIẾP DIỄN1. Dùng để diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra tại một thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ.Ví dụ:

- At 12 o’clock yesterday, we were having lunch. (Vào lúc 12h ngày hôm qua, chúng tôi đang ăn trưa.)

Ta thấy “lúc 12h ngày hôm qua” là một giờ cụ thể trong quá khứ, vào tại thời điểm này thì việc “ăn trưa” đang diễn ra nên ta sử dụng thì quá khứ tiếp diễn. 

- At this time 2 days ago, I was travelling in America. (Vào thời gian này cách đây 2 ngày, tôi đang du lịch bên Mỹ.) 

2. Dùng để diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra thì một hành động khác xen vào.- Hành động đang xảy ra chia thì quá khứ tiếp diễn, hành động xen vào chia thì quá khứ đơn.

Ví dụ:

- He was chatting with his friend when his mother came into the room. (Cậu ta đang tán gẫu với bạn khi mẹ cậu ta vào phòng.)

Ta thấy có hai hành động đều xảy ra trong quá khứ: “tán gẫu với bạn” và “mẹ vào phòng”. Vào thời điểm đó hành động “tán gẫu với bạn” đang diễn ra thì bị xen ngang bởi hành động “mẹ vào phòng”. Vậy hành động đang diễn ra ta sẽ chia thì quá khứ tiếp diễn.

- They were working when we got there. (Họ đang làm việc khi chúng tôi tới đó.)

 

3. Diễn tả hai hành động đồng thời xảy ra tại một thời điểm trong quá khứ, trong câu có “while”.Tại một thời điểm trong quá khứ khi có 2 hành động đồng thời đang diễn ra sẽ chia cả hai hành động đó ở thì quá khứ tiếp diễn.

Ví dụ:

- My mother was cooking lunch while my father was cleaning the floor at 10 am yesterday. (Mẹ tôi đang nấu ăn trong khi bố tôi đang lau nhà lúc 10h sang hôm qua.)

- I was studying English while my brother was listening to music last night. (Tôi đang học tiếng Anh trong khi anh trai tôi đang nghe nhạc tối hôm qua.) 

III- DẤU HIỆU NHẬN BIẾT+ Trong câu có các trạng từ chỉ thời gian trong quá khứ kèm theo thời điểm xác định.

- at + giờ + thời gian trong quá khứ (at 12 o’clock last night,…)

- at this time + thời gian trong quá khứ. (at this time two weeks ago, …)

- in + năm (in 2000, in 2005)

- in the past (trong quá khứ)

+ Trong câu có “when” khi diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra và một hành động khác xen vào.

 

THÌ HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNHI- CẤU TRÚC1. Khẳng định:

S + have/ has + VpIICHÚ Ý:

- S = I/ We/ You/ They ( chủ ngữ số nhiều)+ have

- S = He/ She/ It ( chủ ngữ số ít)+ + has

Ví dụ:

- I have graduated from my university since 2012.

(Tôi tốt nghiệp đại học từ năm 2012.)

- She has lived here for one year.

(Cô ấy sống ở đây được một năm rồi.)

2. Phủ định:S + haven’t / hasn’t + VpII

Câu phủ định trong thì hiện tại hoàn thành ta chỉ cần thêm “not” vào sau “have/ has”.

CHÚ Ý:

- haven’t = have not

- hasn’t = has not

Ví dụ:

- We haven’t met each other for a long time.

(Chúng tôi không gặp nhau trong một thời gian dài rồi.)

- He hasn’t come back his hometown since 1991.

(Anh ấy không quay trở lại quê hương của mình từ năm 1991.)

 

3. Câu nghi vấn:Have/ Has + S + VpII ?

Trả lời: Yes, S + has/ haveNo, S + hasn’t/ haven’tVí dụ:

- Have you ever travelled to America? (Bạn đã từng du lịch tới Mỹ bao giờ chưa?)

  Yes, I have./ No, I haven't.

- Has she arrived London yet? (Cô ấy đã tới Luân Đôn chưa?)

 Yes, she has./ No, she hasn't.

 

II- CÁCH SỬ DỤNG1. Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ, kéo dài đến hiện tại và có thể tiếp tục xảy ra trong tương lai.Ví dụ:

- I have worked for this company since 2010. (Tôi đã làm việc cho công ty này từ năm 2010)

Ta thấy sự việc “làm việc cho công ty này” bắt đầu từ năm 2010 là thời gian trong quá khứ kéo dài đến hiện tại (đến nay vẫn đang làm việc ở đây) và còn có thể tiếp tục trong tương lai.

- She has taught English for 2 years. (Cô ấy đã dạy tiếng Anh được 2 năm rồi.)

2. Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng không xác định, và muốn nhấn mạnh vào kết quả.Ví dụ:

- I have met her several times. (Tôi gặp cô ấy vài lần rồi.)

Ta xác định được việc “gặp cô ấy” đã bắt đầu trong quá khứ nhưng không rõ là bao giờ, và biết được kết quả là đến hiện tại là “gặp được vài lần rồi”. Vì vậy ta sử dụng thì hiện tại hoàn thành.

- She has written three letters for her friend. (Cô ấy đã viết được 3 lá thư cho bạn của mình.)

 

III. DẤU HIỆU NHẬN BIẾT- just, recently, lately (gần đây, vừa mới), before (trước đây), already (rồi), ever (đã từng), never (không bao giờ, chưa bao giờ)

- for (trong khoảng), hoặc dùng for trước danh từ chỉ quãng thời gian: for six days (khoảng 6 ngày), for a year (khoảng 1 năm), for a long time (khoảng một thời gian dài),...

-  Những trạng từ như ever, never, already thường đứng trước quá khứ phân từ.

-  Những trạng từ như yet, once, twice, three times, a few minutes, several times, many times, so far, already thường đứng cuôì câu.

 

PASSIVE VOICE WITH MODAL VERBNếu trong câu chủ động có những động từ khiếm khuyết: can, could, may, might, will, would, shall, should, ought to, must, have to, used to,... thì trong câu bị động sẽ được chuyển như sau:

Câu chủ động: S + modal Verb + V nguyên thể + OCâu bị động: S+ Modal Verbs + be + Vp2 + (by object)Eg: Active: I can use this machine.

(Tôi có thể sử dụng cái máy này.)

Passive: This machine can be used (by me).

(Cái máy này có thể được dùng bởi tôi.)

Thể bị động được dùng khi:a) Không biết hay không cần biết đến tác nhân thực hiện hành động.

Eg: This house can be built in 1999.

(Ngôi nhà này có thể dược xây vào năm 1999.)

b) Muốn nhấn mạnh người hoặc vật thực hiện hành động bởi một cụm từ bắt đầu với “by”.

Eg: A new bridge may be built by local people.

(Cây cầu mới này có thể dược xây bởi người dân địa phương.)

Bài tập áp dụng:Exercise I: Put the verbs in brackets in the present simple or the present continuous tense.

1/ I (have) coffee for breakfast every day.

2/ My brother (work) in a shoe store this summer.

3/ The student (look) up that new word now

4/ She (go) to school every day.

5/ We (do)

6/ My mother (cook)

this exercise at the moment.

some food in the kitchen at present. She always (cook)

in the mornings.

7/ It (rain) very much in the summer. It (rain) now. 8/ Bad students never (work) hard.

9/ He generally (sing) in English, but today he (sing) in Spanish. 10/ We seldom (eat) before 6.30.

Exercise II: Put the verbs in brackets in the present perfect or the simple past tense.1/ We (never watch) that TV programme.

2/ We (watch) a good programme on TV last night. 3/ He (read) that novel many times before.

4/ I (have) a little trouble with my car last week.

5/ However, I (have) no trouble with my car since then.

6/ I (not see) John for a long time. I (see) him 3 weeks ago. 7/ I (meet) Mary last night. She (become) a very big girl.

8/ He is very thirsty. He (not drink) since this morning. 9/ It is very hot. Summer (come) .

10/ Mr Brown (travel) by air several times in the past.

Exercise III: Put the verbs in brackets in the past simple or the past continuous tense.1/ He (sit) in a bar when I (see) him. 2/ When I (go) out, the sun (shine) .

3/ The light (go) out while I (have) tea. 4/ When it (rain) , she(carry) an umbrella.

5/ We (walk) to the station when it (begin) to rain.

Exercise IV: Put the verbs in brackets in the simple present or the simple future tense.1/ We (go) out when the rain (stop) . 2/ I (stay) here until he (answer) me. 3/ Wait until I (catch) you.

4/ I (be) ready before you (count) ten. 5/ John must eat his breakfast before he (go) out.

6/ Miss Helen (help) you as soon as she (finish) that letter. 7/ He (tell) you when you (get) there.

8/ She (not come) until you (be) ready. 9/ He (tell) you when you (ask) him.

10/ I (come) and (see) you before I (leave) for England.

Exercise V: Supply the correct tense.

1/ They (just decide) that they (undertake) the job. 2/ We (go) to the theatre last night.

3/ He usually (write) in green ink.

4/ She (play) the piano when our guests (arrive) last night. 5/ We (do) an English exercise at the moment.

6/ I (come) as soon as my work is finished. (You be) ready ? 7/ Where (you go) for your holiday last year ?

8/ I (not leave) Paris since we (go) to Dieppe three years ago. 9/ My mother (come) to stay with us next weekend.

10/ We (meet) only yesterday and (already decide) to get married. 11/ I (never see) snow.

12/ Violets (bloom) in spring.

13/ We (not live) in England for the last two months.

14/ I (lose) my keys; I cannot remember where I last (see) them.

15/ Whenever you (go) to town nowadays, you (spend) a lot of money. 16/ They (prepare) the Christmas dinner today.

17/ When I last (stay) in Cairo, I (ride) to the Pyramids on a camel that my friend (borrow) the day before.

18/ I (finish) the book before my next birthday. 19/ “Hello! (You make) a cake ?

20/ He (walk) very quickly when I (meet) him yesterday. 21/ We (meet) you tomorrow after you (finish) your work. 22/ Yesterday I (buy) a new watch as my old one (be) stolen.

II. Câu bị động:

Cách chuyển từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động:

S + V + O

S + be+ PP + BY + O

Bị động hiện tại đơn: S + is/ am/ are + PP + BY + O Bị động quá khứ đơn: S+ was/ were + PP + BY + O

S+ BE+ PP+ BY+ O

Bị động hiện tại hoàn thành: S + have/ has + been + PP + BY + O Bị động tương lai đơn: S + will + be + PP + BY + O

Bài tập áp dụng:

Exercise 1: Active or Passive? Underline the correct verb form.

1. Tom has just promoted / has just been promoted to area manager of East Asia.

2. My father has taken / has been taken English class in the U.S.

3. How many times have you / have you been fired?

4. How much money have you saved / have you been saved for your vacation.

5. My brother has given / has been given tickets to the concert

6. The population of our city has risen / has been risen to nearly one million.

7. A strike has called / has been called by the factory worker.

8. They haven’t offered / haven’t been offered more money by the management.

Exercise 2: Change into passive voice

1. Somebody has stolen my bike. → ……………………………………………………………..

2. They have postponed the class meeting. → ……………………………………………………

3. They have built a new school near our house. → ……………………………………………

4. Has somebody informed Lan of the change? →………………………………………………

5. They haven’t finished their assignments. → …………………………………………………

III. Relative clauses: (Mệnh đề quan hệ)

chỉ người: who, whom

chỉ vật: which

chỉ sở hữu: whose

chỉ lí do: why

vừa người vừa vật: that

that = who, whom, which nhưng that không được dùng sau dấu phẩy và giới từ

Cách nối câu dùng mệnh đè quan hệ:

- Xác định từ giống nhau ở 2 câu.

- Viết câu thứ nhất đến hết phần được lặp lại

- Xem phần được lặp lại chỉ người hay vật mà dùng đại từ quan hệ phù hợp

- Viết các phần còn lại sao cho logic về nghĩa Bài tập áp dụng: Exercise 1: Fill in the gap with a suitable relative pronoun.

1. Have you got the money..................I lent you yesterday.

2. The man......................I had seen before wasn’t at the party.

3. This is a machine......................cost half a million pounds.

4. She’s the singer...........has just signed a contract with a recording company.

5. The girl...........was injured in the accident is now in the hospital.

6. What was the name of the man...............lent you the money.

7. This is the boy...................................I told you about.

8. Is this the letter......................................you wanted me to mail?

9. The man................sat next to me on the bus turned out to be my friend's father

Exercise 2: Comebine the sentences, using relative clause

1. A girl was injured in the accident. She is now in hospital

2. A waitress served us. She was impolite and impatient.

3. A buiding was destroyed in the fire. It has now been rebuilt.

4. Some people were arrested. They have now been released.

5. A bus goes to the airport. It runs every half hour.

IV. Mệnh đề lí do và nhượng bộ

Mệnh đề lí do Mệnh đề nhượng bộ

because + clause (S + V) because of + noun phrase/ V-ing

Although + clause (S + V)

In spite of + noun phrase/ V-ing

Bài tập áp dụng:

Exercise 1: Complete the sentences with although/ in spite of/ because/ because of.

1. the meeting's at 2.00, I won't be able to see you.

2.I told the absolute truth, no one would believe me.

3. My mother is always complaining...........the untidiness of my room.

4. I didn't get the job...............I had all the necessary qualifications.

5. ……his age, John was not hired...............he had the necessary qualifications.

6. You can't enter this secure area you don't have an official permission.

7. it was sunny, it was quite a cold day.

8. Several people in the crowd became ill and fainted… the extreme heat.

9.having a bad cough, she was able to sing in the choir.

10. Sarah can't climb up the tree. .her fear of heights.Exercise 2: Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means as the same as the sentence printed before it.

1. Because of the rough sea, the ferry couldn’t sail.

- > Because ……………………………………………………………….

2. Although he had a good salary, he was unhappy in his life.-> In spite of ……………………………………………………………….

3. Although his leg was broken, he managed to get out of the car.-> In spite of ……………………………………………………………….

4. There were a lot of accidents because of the icy roads.-> Because ……………………………………………………………….

5. They went out in spite of heavy rain.-> Although ……………………………………………………………….

6. Although his book was successful, he decided not to write any more.-> In spite of ……………………………………………………………….

7. Cars cause pollution but people still want them.- > Although ……………………………………………………………….

8. I wanted to see Mr Brown. I phoned his company.-> Because I ……………………………………………………………….

9. Jenny ran fast but she didn’t win the race.-> In spite if the fact that …………………………………………………

10.He didn't go to school because his illness.-> Because he ……………………………………………………………….

V. Reported speech with statements: tường thuật câu phát biểu

- Nguyên tắc: a. Lùi thì b. thay đổi đại từ nhân xưng c. thay đổi từ chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn

- say + (that) + clause

- tell + O + (that)

Here - > there Now - > then Tomorrow - > the next dayBefore - > ago/ earlier This - > that Yesterday - > the day before

Last week - > the week before These - > those

Next week - > the next week Today - > that day

Ex: - "I want to buy it"-> He said he wanted to buy it

- "I'm writing a letter" - > He said he was writing a letter

Bài tập áp dụng:

Exercise 1: Rewrite the sentences, using reported speech.

1. " I won't have enough money to finish this job."-> He said ……………………………………….

2. " It's been a long time since I had such a good meal."-> She said …………………………………

3. " The weather may get much worse tomorrow"-> He told us ……………………………………..

4. " I think you should cut down on your smoking."-> The doctor told me …………………………

5. " We haven't been to the art gallery for ages".-> They said ………………………………………

6. " I always eats lots of fresh fruit and salad."-> She said ………………………………………….

7. " I'll see you tomorrow, John"-> Peter told John …………………………………………………

8. "You letter arrived yesterday" - > David told me …………………………………………………..

9. " I like this hotel very much"-> He said …………………………………………………………..

10. " I left my umbrella here two days ago."-> Susan told them …………………………………….

VI. Conditional sentence type 1 : Câu điều kiện loại 1 (có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai)

If clause Main clause

Hiện tại đơn Will+ V1

Ex: - If you study hard, you will pass the next exam

- If you don't do your homework, you won't pass your exams.Bài tập áp dụng:

Exercise 1: Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tenses.

1. If I see him, I (give)............him a lift

2. The table will collapse if you (stand)..........on it

3. If he (eat)............all that, he will be ill

4. If I find your passport, I (telephone)..............you at once

5. The police (arrest).............him if they catch him

6. Someone (steal).....................your car if you leave it unlocked

7. If you (not go).................away, I'll send for the police

8. If he (be)..............late, we'll go without him

9. He will be late for the train if he (not start)............at once

10. Ice (turn)...............to water if you heat it

VII. Wh-questions : Câu hỏi có từ hỏi (when, why, what, who, which )

Nguyên tắc đặt câu hỏi:

a. Nếu chưa có trợ động từ thì phải mượn trợ động từ: do/ does/ did

b. Nếu trợ động từ sẵn có(to be, khiếm khuyết) thì đảo chúng ra trước chủ ngữ, không mượn do/ does/did nữa.

Một số từ hỏi khác

- How far: bao xa

- How long:bao lâu

- How often: bao lâu một lần

- How many/how much: bao nhiêu

Ex: - What is he doing?

- Where can I find you?

- Where will you go?

- What do you like best?

- How many books do you have?

Bài tập áp dụng:Exercise 1: Match questions for the underlined words or phrases1. I'm taking French this semester. → ..................................................................................................

2. She's staying there for two weeks. → ...............................................................................................

3. She is worried about the next examination → ..................................................................................

4. I like English very much → ..............................................................................................................

5. I began to study English six years ago → .........................................................................................

6. They live in the city centre → ...........................................................................................................

7. Last night I went to a disco with my friend → .................................................................................

8. I like "Tom and Jerry" because it's very interesting → ...................................................................

Exercise 2 Make questions, using the question words in brackets1. Mr Robertson came to the party alone. (who) → .............................................................................

2. I like the red blouse, not the blue one. (which) → ............................................................................

3. She felt better after she took a nap (how) → ....................................................................................

4. She talked to him for an hour (how long) → ....................................................................................

5. My parents have two cars. (how many) → .......................................................................................

6. They are coming to visit tomorrow (when) → .................................................................................

7. We have an English class every day. (how often) → .......................................................................

8. I like to dance on weekends. (what) → .............................................................................................

VIII. Gerund and to infinitive : Danh động từ và động từ nguyên mẫu có to

Danh động từ

động từ nguyên mẫu có to

1. Đứng sau một số động từ: keep, like, enjoy, mind, practise, delay, miss, suggest, understand, finish, admit, look forward to.......

Ex: - He likes swimming

2. Đứng sau giới từ(in, at, on, to, from, about )

- She is afraid of going there

1. Đứng sau một số động từ: hope, seem, expect, plan, decide, agree, refuse, wish, offer, promise....

Ex: We hope to see you again

2. Đứng sau tính từ, danh từ, từ hỏi, đại từ bất định, chỉ mục đích

- It is difficult to do this exercise

- It is time to go

- I don't know what to do

- Do you have something to eat?

- She went to the library to borrow some books

Bài tập áp dụng:

Exercise 1: Supply the corrrect form of the verb in brackets.

1. It’s obvious he’s is only interested in (make)..............money.

2. Ann couldn’t find a taxi so I offered (drive)....................her to the station.

3. I managed (book).....................two seats on the morning flight.

4. I promise (send)....................you our new brochure as soon as it’s available.

5. Peter was delighted (meet).................a former colleague at the conference.

6. I avoid (take).................the car whenever possible, especially in big cities.

7. My father hates (wear)..................a tie to work

8. We can’t afford (take)....................a vacation this summer.

9. The company was pleased (receive)....................your thank-you letter.

10. Would you mind (open).....................a window?

11. The children are fond of (read)..........picture books.

12. John is from London. He isn't used to(drive)................on the right

13. Ba stopped (learn).................Chinese 3 years ago

14.My teachers advised me (study).........hard

15. Mr Johnson decided (get)..................another job.

16. Our class planned (go).............for picnic

17. My daughter spends two hours (study)..........maths every day

18. It's very nervous (take)............the exam.Exercise 2: Rewrite the sentences:1. Shall we go for a ride?-> What about ………………………………………………………………

2. Would you please do it for me?-> Would you mind …………………………………………………

3. Let's get together next Sunday?-> How about ………………………………………………………

4. Let's go camping tomorrow.-> Why don't …………………………………………………………

5. I am sorry to have kept you waiting.-> I must apologize for ………………………………………

IX. The + adj + V (số nhiều) - > person

Ex: - The poor need help from the rich

- The unemployed are suffering from hungerBài tập áp dụng:Exercise 1: Use The + Adjective from the list to complete each sentence.

disabled, rich, deaf, unemployed, dumb, poor, blind, injured

1. ……....have to help ………

2.in the accident yesterday morning was taken to hospital immediately.

3. The little boy is helping...............................cross the street.

4. …….......….. and...............use a system of sign language to communicate with each other.

5. The government should take an urgent step to help …………………….. .6. Don’t make fun of …………………………………..

Exercise 2: Choose the correct word between brackets.

1. The rich (is / are)................not always happy.

2. The poor (is / are)................not always unhappy.

3. The dead never..................(return / returns).

4. The lazy can never.................(succeeds / succeed).

5. The young (have / has)................the future in their hand.

X. used to / be used to/ use

used to+ V1: đã từnga. b.use: sử dụng c.

Ex:- He used to smoke a lot.

- He is used to getting up early - I use this bike to go to school every day

be/get used to + Ving/ Noun: quen với

1. “-ed ” pronounced as / id /: sau / t, d /: Thường sau chữ t, d: .Ex: wanted; decided

2. “-ed ” pronounced as / t /: sau / k, f, p, s, ∫, t∫, h ,/ hoặc chữ p, k, f, th, s, sh, ch:.Ex: asked; stopped; laughed...

3. “-ed ” pronounced as / d /: Trừ 2 trường hợp trên : .Ex: moved; played; raised

Bài tập áp dụng:

Exercise 1: Fill in the blank with: use, used to, use to

1. They...............live in Paris

2. Did you........go there often?

3. We didn't..............recycle bottles until last year

4. No, You can't........my car

5. Can I................this ticket on a later train?Exercise 2: Rewrite the sentences:

1. They don't usually drink beer.-> They are not used to ……………………………………………

2. He gets up early in the morning and he is used to it.-> He's used to ………………………………

3. Today many American women often earn their own money.-> Today American women are used to ………………………………….

XI. be going to: (sẽ) + V:

a. ý định có trước lúc nói

Ex: A: Why are you working so hard these days? B: Because I'm going to buy a car.

b. dự đoán có cơ sở: Look at the black clouds. It's going to rain.

XII.Phonetics (ngữ âm)

* CÁCH PHÁT ÂM "S" CUỐI : trong trường hợp danh từ số nhiều nhiều hoặc động từ số ít.

/ s / Khi đi sau các phụ âm điếc (voiceless consonants): /f/, /k/, /p/, /t/ ,//,/h/ Ex: laughs, walks, cups, cats, tenths; books...

/ iz / Khi đi sau một phụ âm rít: /z/, /s/, /dz/, / t∫/, / ∫ /, /z/. Hoặc các chữ cái: s, x, z, ch, sh, ce, ge

Ex: washes, kisses, oranges…..

// z / Không thuộc hai loại trên. Ex: bags, kids, days …

Ngọai lệ: bình thường chữ s phát âm /s/, nhưng có những ngoại lệ cần nhớ:

- Chữ s đọc /z /sau các từ: busy, please, easy, present, desire, music, pleasant, desert, choose, reason, preserve, poison..

- Chữ s đọc /'∫/ sau các từ: sugar, sure

* CÁCH PHÁT ÂM “ –ED” CUỐI: Đây là hình thức Past tense và Past participle:

1. “-ed ” pronounced as / id /: sau / t, d /: Thường sau chữ t, d: .Ex: wanted; decided

2. “-ed ” pronounced as / t /: sau / k, f, p, s, ∫, t∫, h ,/ hoặc chữ p, k, f, th, s, sh, ch:.Ex: asked; stopped; laughed...

3. “-ed ” pronounced as / d /: Trừ 2 trường hợp trên : .Ex: moved; played; raised

*STRESS - Một số quy tắc cơ bản để nhận biết trọng âm

1/ Trọng âm thường ít rơi vào các tiền tố (prefix) và hậu tố (suffix)

(ví dụ: dislike, unhappy, uncertain, disappointed, unashamed, forefather. ...

* Ngoại lệ: 'foresight, 'forecast, 'unkeep, 'upland, 'surname, 'subway ....

Dưới đây là vài hậu tố không thay đổi dấu nhấn của từ gốc

V + ment: ag'ree(thoả thuận) =>ag'reement

V + ance: re'sist(chống cự) =>re'sistance (sự chống cự)

V + er: em'ploy(thuê làm) => em'ployer(chủ lao động)

V + or: in'vent (phát minh) => in'ventor

V + ar: beg (van xin) => 'beggar(người ăn xin)

V + al: ap'prove(chấp thuận) => ap'proval

V + y: de'liver(giao hàng)=> de'livery(sự giao hàng)

V + age: pack(đóng gói) => 'package(bưu kiện) V + ing: under'stand(hiểu) => under'standing adj + ness: 'bitter (đắng)=> 'bitterness(nỗi cay đắng)

2/ Nói chung, trọng âm thường rơi vào nguyên âm kép hoặc dài, ít rơi vào nguyên âm ngắn như/∂/ hay /i/

* Ex: a'bandon, 'pleasure, a'ttract, co'rrect, per'fect, in'side, 'sorry, 'rather, pro'duct, for'get, de'sign, en'joy

3/ Một từ hai vần vừa là động từ vừa là danh từ thì:

Động từ: trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết thứ 2. Danh từ: trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết thứ 1

EX: 'rebell(n), re'bell(v), export, import, increase, object, perfect, permit, present, produce, record, refuse...

* Ngoại lệ: 'promise (n), (v)...

4/ Trọng âm thường rơi vào trước các hậu tố (suffixes ) sau đây một vần: - ION, - IC, - IAL, - ICAL, - UAL, - ITY, - IA, - LOGY, - IAN, - IOUS, - EOUS, - IENCE, - IENT, - GRAPHY, - NOMY,

- METRY

EX: 'vision, uni'versity, phy'sician, li'brarian, Ca'nadian, Au'stralian, ex'perience, im'patience, edu'cation, a'bility, elec'tricity, bi'ology, psy'chology, Au'stralia, 'Austria, 'Asia, ge'ography, pho'tography, e'ssential, ha'bitual, me'chanical, mathe'matical, po'litical, de'licious, pho'netics, scien'tific, ge'ometry, a'stronomy...

Ngoại Trừ (exceptions): 'lunatic, a'rithmetic, 'politics, 'Arabic, 'television...

5/ Trọng âm rơi vào các vần cuối sau đây: - ADE, - OO, - OON, - EE, - EEN, - EER, - ESE, - AIRE,

- SELF, - ETTE, - ESQUE. Ex: bamboo, millionaire, engineer, themselves, saloon, balloon, thirteen, Vietnamese, employee, agree, picturesque, Cartoon, guarantee, kangaroo, typhoon...

*Ngoại lệ: 'centigrade, 'coffee, co'mmittee, 'cukoo, 'teaspoon…

XIII. Word form and word meaning:

1. Nouns: Danh từ thường đứng ở các vị trí sau:

a. Chủ ngữ của câu (S)

b. Sau tính từ hoặc tính từ sở hữu (adj + N, her/ his/ my/ their/ ‘s ……… + N)

c. Sau mạo từ: a/ an/ the (a/ an/ the + adj + noun)

d. Sau giới từ: (of, in, on, from, to, about, with...) hoặc từ chỉ số lượng (a few/ little, some, any, much, most…

2. Adjectives: Tính từ thường đứng ở các vị trí sau:

a. Trước danh từ, bổ nghiã cho danh từ

b.Sau động từ “ to be” hoặc động từ “ linking verbs" (get, seem, keep, make, become, feel )

c. Sau các cấu trúc: so…. that, enough…, too…. to, dạng so sánh (more, most, less, as.. as.)

3. Adverbs: Trạng từ thường đứng ở các vị trí sau:

a. Trước hoặc sau động từ thường: (S - V …. + adv hoặc S + adv + V ….)

b. Trước tính từ: (be, seem … + adv + adj …)

c. Đầu câu (sau dấu phẩy) hoặc cuối câu.

Exercise 1: Put the verbs in brackets in the present continuous or be going to.

1. The Browns (go)...........to the cinema this evening

2. We (have).............an English-speaking club meeting next week.

3. The cat is just behind the rat. It (catch).........the rat

4. Where you (put).....................this new bookcase?

5. Smoking is very bad for his health, but he (not give).....................it up.

B. CÁC DẠNG BÀI TẬP

I. NGỮ ÂM: Choose the word whose the underlined part is pronounced differently from the rest.

1. A. Movie B. Die C. Pie D. Lie

2. A. How B. Town C. Power D. Low

3. A. May B. Mad C. Railway D. Hate

4. A. Focus B. Post C. Most D. House

5. A. Decide B. Depress C. Mess D. Better

6. A. Health B. Eat C. Seat D. Meat

7. A. Boss B. Call C. More D. Talk

8. A. Chorus B. Champion C. Cheap D. Child

II. VOCABULARY AND STRUCTURE1 “.............do you get to school?’ – ‘ by bike”.

a. how b. what c. how far d. how often

2. Are you contented...........your present job, Mrs. Tuyet ?

a. of b. to c. with d. for

3. The children argeed....the candy equally.

a. divide b. to dividing c. dividing d. to divide

4. The internet is an important......of communication in modern world.

a. meaning b. mean c. meaningful d. means

5. The reason......he left was that he felt lonely.

a. what b. how c. why d. which

6. Nowadays, more and more young people want to have a university .........

a. educate b. educational c. educator d. education

7. In the 19th century, it was......for a woman to become a doctor

a. incapable b. couldn't c. unable d. impossible

8. Tran Hieu Ngan was the first Vietnamese athletean Olympic medal.

a. had won b. winning c. won d. to win

9. After it ....... dry for two months, it rained heavily last night.

a. would be b. had been c. has been d. was

10. Jane had gone to the supermarket.....she got home.a. as soon as b. before c. after d. when

11. When I .......... to vistit him, he...to work.a. came/had gone b. had come - had gone

c. had come /went d. came/gone

12. He rushed into the burning building,.......was very brave.a. that b. it c. who d. which

13. My father didn't.......coffee for the breakfast.a. used to have b. use to having c. use be having d. use to have

14. The government should have special policies to help the.....a. disabled b. disablement c. disability d. disable 15.I'd like to introduce you to MrsThuy,.......is the teacher of this special class

a. which b. that c. who d. whom 16.The children will learn how sums.

a. will do b. doing c. do d. to do 17.Robert is going to be famous someday. He...in three movies already.

a. has been appeared b. has appeared

c. had appeared d. appeared

18.The chemistry book.....was a little expensive.

a. that I bought b. what I bought c. I bought that d. that I bought it 19.I've been in this city for a long time. I.here sixteen years ago.

a. came b. had come c. was coming d. have come 20.Oh, no! I don't believe it. My mobile phone.....

a. has been stolen b. was stolen c. is stolen d. was being stolen 21...presents information and entertainment orally.

a. Newspaper b. Radio c. Television d. The internet

22.I................a cough since yesterday.

a. was having b. have had c. had d. have

Onluyen.vn

23....................the heavy rain, he went our without a raincoat.

a. In spite b. Despite c. Although d. Even 24.There were a lot of accidents. . .the icy roads.

a. owing of b. because of c. because d. thanks to 25.Tom and I.......to Mary's birthday party together.

a. will going b. are going to go c. am going d. are going 26.He said that he. going to the country soon.

a. has been b. is c. will be d. was 27.If Tom is late again, he.. .his job.

a. will lose b. would lose c. lost d. loses

III. WORD FORMATION: Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in brackets.

1. The local...........................are listed in the local newspaper. (entertain)

2. He was absent from class yesterday because of his............. (ill)

3. Everyone needs to live in a ................environment. (health)

4. My mother has just given me a pocket......................machine. (calculate)5. I know.............................how she felt. (exact)

6. I felt quite.......................with my day's work. (satisfy)

7. He apologized for the.........................he had caused. (convenient)

8. The school...................about 600 new students every year. (admission)

9. Sign language is very helpful for both the deaf and the....................... (muting)

10. Helen's success has.......................millions of blind people to try and overcome their difficulties.(courage)

11. For your ....................., the library is on the third floor. (inform)

12. This is one of the best....................films showing the lives of working people. (document)

13. There is a great....................of water here. (short)

14. The government has introduced some............measures to reduce unemployment. (effect)

15. John asked his teacher for...................to go to home earlier. (permit)

IV. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in brackets

1. I'll do the shopping when I've finished (clean)...........the house

2. Are you going to give up (smoke).............?

3. He (leave)................London 2 years ago and I (not see)...........him since then.4. By the time she got back, he (go).......................

5.My brother (give)....................tickets to the concert already.

6. My father used to (smoke)..............a lot

7. If it is a nice day tomorrow, we (go)...................swimming.

8. I'm still looking for a job, but I hope (find)..........something soon.

9. The lazy can never (succeed)......................

10.Although the weather was bad, they all (enjoy).............the field trip last week.

V. READING: 1.Read the passage and answer the questions:There are two categories of newspapers: the popular and the quality. In order to decide

whether a newspaper is a quality or a popular one it is not even necessary to read it, since you can tell simply by the way it looks. Popular papers are generally smaller with fewer columns per page. They have bigger headlines and more photographs. There is a greater variety of typeface and printed symbols. The articles are shorter and there are fewer per page.

Such devices are not only used to make the paper more attractive; they may also influence what the readers reads. Lager headlines, pictures and position on the page all serve to draw the reader's attention to one article rather than another.

Since popular newspapers have a much larger readership than apparently more neutral quality papers, it may be fair to conclude that the average reader not only wants to be entertained by a newspaper but prefers his reading to be guided and opinions given to him.

1. How many types of newspapers are there?

……………………………………………………………………………….

2. Is it necessary to read a newspaper to decide if it is a quality or popular one?

………………………………………………………………………………. 3.What draws the reader's attention to one article?

……………………………………………………………………………….

4. What newspaper has more readers?

……………………………………………………………………………….

2. Read the passage below and answer the questions

When robots are widely used in the home, they will probably be used to do the cleaning, table - laying, scrubbing and washing- up, but it is considered unlikely that they will be used to do the cooking - at least, not in the near future.

In factories, mobile robots are already used to carry out a large number of the distribution and assembly tasks while human beings carry out research and produce plans for new products. Among the numerous jobs on the farm, robots will drive tractors, keeping their eyes on the ground in front to guide the tractor along a straight line.

The majority of the robots used at present do not look like human beings at all because their design is chiefly functional.

1. The word "their" in paragraph 2 refers to .....

a. Robots' b. Tractors' c. Farms' d. Peoples'

2. Why don't robots at present look like human beings ?

………………………………………………………………………………………..

3. Which of the following statements is Not true about robots ?

a. In the near future they will be used to cook

b. They will be used to drive the tractor.

c. They will be used to do the cleaning

d. They are already used to carry out the distribution tasks.

4. What can robots do on the farm?

……………………………………………………………………………………………

know informaton helpful expert samemistakes

3. Read the passage and fill in the blank with a suitable word from the box

Computers are 1.............. in many ways. First, they are fast. They can work with..2......much more

quickly than a person. Second, computers can work lots of information at the 3... . .time. Third,

they can keep information for a long time. They do not forget the way to do. Also, computers are almost always correct. They are not perfect, of course, but they usually don't make .4....................

These days, it is important to.5.........something about computers. There are a number of ways to learn.

Some companies have classes at work. Another way to learn is from a book. You may not be an.6. ,

but you can have fun.

VI. Rewritea the sentences, as directed.

1. often /do /afternoon /what /you /do /Saturday /every //(rearrange to make a complete sentence)

->....................................................................................................................................................

2.Although they have little money, they are happy.

-> In spite of.................................................

3.She's staying there for two weeks. (Make question for the underlined part)

->....................................................................................................................?

4. "I can't help you because I have too much to do.", she said

->She said........................................................................................................................................

5. We went out in spite of the heavy rain.

-> Although...................................................................................................................................

6. Rice grows well here because of the warm and wet climate.

->Because......................................................................................................................................

7. "I'll see you tomorrow, John."

-> Peter told John.......................................................................................................................

8. Make me some coffee and I'll give you one of my biscuits.

-> If you...........................................................................................................................................

9.They have postponed the class meeting. (change into passive voice)

->....................................................................................................................................

10. A building was destroyed in the fire. It has now been rebuilt. (using relative clause)

->..........................................................................................................................................

SUGGESTED ANSWERS:

A. CÁC ĐIỂM NGỮ PHÁP CHÍNH:

I. Tense:

Exercise 1:

1. have

2. is working

3. is looking

4. goes

5. are doing

6. is cooking – cooks

7. rains – is raining

8. work

9. sings – is singing

10. eats

Exercise 2:

1. have never watched

2. watched

3. has read

4. had

5. have hadExercise 3:

1. was sitting – saw

2. went – was shining

3. went – was having

4. rained – was carrying

5. were walking - began

Exercise 4:

1. will go – stops

2. will stay – answers

3. catch

4. am – count

5. goesExercise 5:

1. have just decided – will undertake

2. went

3. writes

4. was playing – arrived

5. are doing

6. will come – are you

7. did you go

8. have not left – went

9. will come – are coming

10. met – have already decided

11. have never seenII. The passive voice:

Exercise 1:

1. has just been promoted

2. has taken

3. have you been

4. have you savedExercise 2:

1. My bike has been stolen.

2. The class meeting has been postponed.

6. have not seen

7. met – has become

8. has not drunk

9. has come

10. has travelled

6. will help – finishes

7. will tell – get

8. will not come – are

9. will tell – ask

10. will come – see – leave

12. bloom

13. have not lived

14. have lost – saw

15. go – spend

16. are preparing – will prepare

17. was staying – rode – had borrowed

18. will finish

19. do you make

20. was walking – met

21. will meet – finish

22. bought – have been stolen

5. has been given

6. has risen

7. has been called

8. haven’t been offered

3. A new school near our hospital has been built.

4. Has Lan been informed of the change?

5. Their assignments haven’t been finished.

III. Relative clauses:

Exercise 1:

1. which / that

2. whom / that

3. which / that

4. who / that

5. who / thatExercise 2:

6. who / that

7. whom / that

8. which / that

9. who / that

1. The girl who was in the accident is now in the hospital.

2. The waitress who serve us was impolite and impatient.

3. The building which was destroyed in the fire has now been rebuilt.

4. Some people who were arrested have now been released.

5. The buss which goes to the airport runs every haif hour.

IV. Clause of reason and clause of concession:

Exercise 1:

1. because

2. aithough

3. because of

4. because

5. because of – althoughExercise 2:

1. Because the sea was rough, …

2. In spite of having a good salary, …

3. In spite of his broken leg, …

4. Because the road was icy, …

5. Although it rained heavily, …

6. In spite of his successful book, …

6. because

7. although

8. because of

9. although

10. because of

7. Although car cause pollution, people srill want them.

8. Because I wanted to see Mr Brown, I phoned his company.

9. In spite of the fact that Jenny run fast, she didn’t win the race.

10. Because he was ill, he didn’t go to class.

V. Reported speech of statements:

Exercise 1:

1. He said that he would not have money to finish that job.

2. She said that it had been a long time since she had had such a good meal.

3. He told us (that) the weather might get much worse the day after.

4. The doctor told me to cut down on my smoking.

5. They said they hadn’t been to the art gallery for ages.

6. She said she always ate lots of fresh fruit and salad.

7. Peter told John he would see him the day after.

8. David told me that my letter had arrived the day before.

9. He said he liked that hotel very much.

10. Susan told them that she had left her umbrella there 2 days ago.

VI. Conditional sentence type 1:

Exercise 1:

1. will give

2. stand

3. eats

4. will telephone

5. will arrestVII. Wh- questions:

Exercise 1:

1. What subjects are you taking this semester?

2. How long is she staying there?

3. What is she worried about?

4. How do you like English?

5. When did you begin to study English?

6. Where do they live?

7. What did you do last night?

8. Why do you like “Tom and Jerry”?

Exercise 2:

1. Who came to the party alone?

2. Which blouse do you like, the red or the blue?

3. How did she feel after she took a nap?

4. How long did she talk to him?

5. How many cars do your parents have?

6. How often do you have an English class?

7. What do you like to do on weekends?

VIII. Gerund and to infinitive:

Exercise 1:

6. will steal

7. don’t go

8. is

9. doesn’t start

10. will turn

1. making

2. to drive

3. to book

4. to send

5. to meet

6. taking

7. wearing

8. to take

9. to receive

10. opening

11. reading

12. driving

13. learning

14. to study

15. to get

16. to go

17. studying

18. to take

Exercise 2:

1. What about going for a ride?

2. Would you mind doing it for me?

3. How about getting together next Sunday?

4. Why don’t we go camping tomorrow?

5. I must apologize for having kept you waiting.

IX. The + adj:

Exercise 1:

1. the rich – the poor

2. the injured

3. the blindExercise 2:

1. are

2. are

3. return

4. succeed

5. have

X. Used to / be used to / use:

Exercise 1:

1. used to

2. use to

3. use to

4. use

5. use

Exercise 2:

1. They are not used to drinking beer.

2. He’s used to getting up ease in the morning.

4. the dumb – the deaf

5. the unemployed

6. the disabled

3. Today American women are used to earning their own money.

XI. be going to +V:

1. are going

2. are having

3. is going to catch

4. are you going to put

5. is not going to give

B. CÁC DẠNG BÀI TẬP:I. Ngữ Âm:

1. a 2. c 3. b 4. d 5. a 6. a 7. a 8. A

II. Vocabulary and structure:

1. a 2. c 3. d 4. d 5. c 6. d 7. d 8. d 9. b

10. b 11. a 12. d 13. a 14. a 15. c 16. d 17. b 18. a

19. a 20. a 21. b 22. b 23. a 24. b 25. d 26. d 27. a

III. Word form:

IV.

1. entertainment

2. illness

3. healthy

4. calculator

5. exactly

1. cleaning

2. smoking

3. left – have not seen

4. had gone

5. has been given

6. satisfied

7. inconvenience

8. admits

9. mute

10. encouraged

6. smoke

7. will go

8. to find

9. succeed

10. enjoyed

11. information

12. documentary

13. sgortage

14. effective

15. permission

V. Reading:Reading 1:

1. There are two.

2. No, it isn’t.

3. Larger headlines, pictures, and the position on the page.

Reading 2:

1. a

2. Because their design is chiefly functional.

3. a

4. On the farm, ronots will drive tractors kepping theor eyes on the ground in front to guide the tractor along to straight line.

Reading 3:

(1) helpful

(2) information

(3) sameVI. Rewrite:1. What do you do every Saturday

afternoon?

(4) mistakes

(5) know

(6) expert

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2. In spite of having little money, they are happy.

3. How long is she staying there?

4. She said that she couldn’t help me because she had too much to do.

5. Although it rained heavily, we went out.

6. Because the climate is warm and wet, rice grows well.

7. Peter told John that he would see him the day after.

8. If youmake me some coffe, I will give you one of my biscuit.

9. The class meeting has been postponed.

10. The building which was destroyed in the fire, has now been rebuilt.

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