biodiesel orientation
TRANSCRIPT
Biodiesel Christopher Tan
ANO ANG BIODIESEL?Ang Biodiesel ay krudo o panggatong sa diesel na makina na gawa mula sa mantika.
Christopher Tan
ANG BIODIESEL BA AY MANTIKA?Ang biodiesel ay HINDI mantika. Gumagamit ng EWAY54 ng prosesong kemikal kung saan ang mantika ay pinagsasama sa methyl alcohol at sosa para makagawa ng biodiesel. Ang tawag sa prosesong ito ay transesterification.
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ANG BIODIESEL BA AY PINAGSAMANG MANTIKA AT ALCOHOL? HINDI. Kapag pinagsama ang mantika at methyl alcohol, ito ay maghihiwalay. Ang alcohol ay matutuyo at maiiwan ang mantika.
Christopher Tan
PWEDE BANG MANTIKA ANG IPANGGATONG SA SASAKYAN? PWEDE. Ang diesel engine ay inimbento ni Rudolf Diesel noong 1890s para patakbuhin gamit ang mantika galing sa mani pero hindi nagpatuloy ang paggamit ng peanut oil dahil konti ito at mas mura gumawa ng krudong petrolyo. Kung pwedeng tumakbo ang makina sa mantika lalong pwede sa biodiesel. Christopher Tan
Rudolph Diesel demonstrated his engine in the 1900 Paris World Exhibition running on peanut oil.
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KAILANGAN BA I-CONVERT ANG MAKINA SA PAGGAMIT NG BIODIESEL? HINDI. Kailangan lang kalaunan na palitan ang mga gomang hose ng krudo at fuel filter dahil mas malakas na solvent ang biodiesel kaysa sa gasolina. Hindi kailangan palitan ang mga gomang o-ring at seals dahil hindi naman karaniwang naaabot ng krudo ang mga ito.
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BAKIT PA KAILANGAN GAWING BIODIESEL ANG MANTIKA? Dahil mahirap sunugin ng makina ang mantika. Pwede itong ihalintulad isang piling ng saging. Inaalis muna natin balat at tangkay bago natin ito kainin. Hinihiwalay ng transesterification ang parte ng mantika na mahirap sunugin. Christopher Tan
BAKIT PA KAILANGAN GAWING BIODIESEL ANG MANTIKA? Petroleum Diesel Molecule
Edible Oil Molecule Edible Oil Analogy
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The Biodiesel Reaction
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PAREHO BA ANG NG BIODIESEL AT PETROLEUM DIESEL? HINDI. Magkaiba ang biodiesel at petroleum diesel. Kung ang gasolina at diesel na magkaiba, ganun din ang biodiesel. Ang kagandahan ng biodiesel ay hindi na kailangan pa ng hiwalay na makina para dito na tulad ng sa gasolina.
Christopher Tan
DIESEL ENGINE
GASOLINE ENGINE
-94% of freight run on diesel -loud and heavy -mechanically more efficient than gasoline engines - ignites fuel by compression only
-most cars run on gasoline -quiet -mechanically less efficient than diesel engines -Ignites fuel with electrical spark (spark plug)
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PETROLEUM DIESEL FUEL
GASOLINE FUEL
-more energy content than gasoline fuel (147000 btu/gal) -contains a mixture of C12 to C18 hydrocarbons
-less energy content than diesel fuel (125000 btu/gal) -contains a mixture of C7 to C11 hydrocarbons
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PAREHO BA ANG NG BIODIESEL AT PETROLEUM DIESEL? Petroleum Diesel Molecule
Biodiesel Molecule
May 2 Oxygen ang biodiesel kaya masmalinis itong sumindi. Christopher Tan
MASMAHINA BA HUMATAK NG BIODIESEL KUMPARA SA BIODIESEL? DEPENDE. May nagsasabing mas malakas ang hatak ng biodiesel kaysa sa petroleum diesel. May mga nagsasabi din na mas mahina ang hatak ng biodiesel. Maaaring may powerloss ang biodiesel sa maliliit na makina. Christopher Tan
ECODIESEL/BIODIESEL- Energy content Btu/gal Diesel 147000 Gasoline 125000 Biodiesel 118,170 Note: Gasoline has a slightly higher energy content than Biodiesel.Christopher Tan
MASMATIPID BA ANG BIODIESEL? DEPENDE. May mga pag-aaral na nagsasabing masmalakas ang konsumo ng biodiesel kaysa sa petroleum diesel . May pag-aaral ang gobyerno ng Pilipinas na nagsasabing masmababa ang konsumo ng biodiesel. Depende ito sa klase ng mantika na pinagmulan ng biodiesel. Christopher Tan
MAKAKASIRA BA NG MAKINA ANG BIODIESEL? Ang biodiesel na kalidad ang gawa ay HINDI makakasira ng makina. Ginagamit na sa buong mundo sa mga 1st world na bansa tulad ng USA, Canada, Japan, Australia, at mga bansa sa Europe sa mahigit na dalawang dekada. Huli na ang Pilipinas sa Malaysia sa paggamit ng biodiesel. Christopher Tan
BAKIT MAS MAGANDA GUMAMIT NG BIODIESEL? 1. Dahil mas ligtas ito kaysa sa diesel at sa gasolina na maaaring sumabog. 2. Dahil hindi ito nakakalason. 3. Dahil nababawasan nito ang smoke belching. 4. Dahil hindi nakaka-cancer ang amoy nito. 5. Dahil nakakabawas ito sa polusyong dulot ng waste cooking oil. Christopher Tan
ECODIESEL/BIODIESEL Biodegradable, nontoxic, renewable Lower emissions (Example: DDC Series 50) Carbon monoxide: 38% lower Unburned HC: 83% lower Oxides of Nitrogen: 12.7% higher (lower in some) Particulates: 52% lower Smoke and odor are much better Christopher Tan
ECODIESEL/BIODIESEL Requires no engine modifications (except replacing some fuel lines on older engines). Can be blended in any proportion with petroleum diesel fuel. High cetane number and excellent lubricity. Very high flashpoint (>300F) Can be made from waste restaurant oils and animal fats. Christopher Tan
PWEDE BA AKONG GUMAWA NG BIODIESEL? PWEDE. Maaari kayong gumawa ng biodiesel sa pagsasama-sama ng mantika, methyl alcohol at sosa PERO hindi garantisadong makagagwa kayo ng biodiesel. Ang paggawa ng biodiesel ay hindi lamang pagsasama-sama ng mga sangkap.
Christopher Tan
PWEDE BA AKONG GUMAWA NG BIODIESEL? Maraming bagay na dapat ikonsidera sa paggawa ng biodiesel. Kapag ang mga bagay na ito ay ipinagwalang-bahala, mababang kalidan ng biodiesel ang magagawa o mas malala naman ay sabon ang magawa at masasayang ang mantika, alkohol at sosa.
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BIODIESEL SYNTHESIS
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BASE CATALYSED WASTE OIL BIODIESEL
REAGENTS (SANGKAP) Waste Cooking Oil Methanol Sodium Hydroxide
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PROCEDURES 1. Weigh and dissolve NaOH in Methanol. 2. CAUTION: METHOXIDE SOLUTION IS TOXIC.
2. Transfer Waste Cooking Oil into a dry plastic bottle. 3. Add the Methoxide solution into the dry plastic bottle with oil. Christopher Tan
4. Agitate for 30 to 60 minutes. 5. Transfer into a Seperatory Funnel and let the glycerine separates.
6. Drain the glycerine layer into a small plastic bottle. Christopher Tan
7. Wash the biodiesel layer with water.
8. Swirl the separatory funnel while holding securely. 9. Drain the soapy water. Christopher Tan
10. Repeat steps 7 to 9 one to two times more.
11. Transfer biodiesel into an open container to air dry or dry at low heat. CAUTION: DO NOT USE OPEN FLAME Christopher Tan
References:http://www.freewebs.com/easybiodiesel/ http://auto.howstuffworks.com/diesel1.htm http://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel_make.html#glycwash http://www.biodiesel.org http://www.biodieselnow.com Biodiesel Production and Fuel Quality Jon Van Gerpen Professor of Biological and Agricultural Engineering University of Idaho Moscow, ID 83844 Phone: (208) 885-7891 Fax: (208) 885-7908 Email: [email protected] Biodiesel Production Technology August 2002January 2004 J. Van Gerpen, B.Shanks, and R. Pruszko Iowa State University D. Clements Renewable Products Development Laboratory G. Knothe USDA/NCAUR NREL Technical Monitor: K. Shaine Tyson Prepared under Subcontract No. ACO-2-35016-01 National Renewable Energy Laboratory 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, Colorado 80401-3393 303-275-3000 www.nrel.gov Operated for the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
Production of Biodiesels from Multiple Feedstocks andProperties of Biodiesels andBiodiesel/Diesel Blends Final Report Report 1 in a series of 6 J.A. Kinast Gas Technology Institute Des Plaines, Illinois National Renewable Energy Laboratory 1617 Cole Boulevard Golden, Colorado 80401-3393 NREL is a U.S. Department of Energy LaboratoryOperated by Midwest Research Institute Battelle Bechtel Synthesis and characterization of vegetable oil derived esters: evaluation for their diesel additive properties S.L. Dmytryshyn a, A.K. Dalai a,*, S.T. Chaudhari a, H.K. Mishra a, M.J. Reaney b a Department of Chemical Engineering, Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering Laboratory, University of Saskatchewan, 105 Maintenance Road, Saskatoon, Canada S7N 5C5 SK b Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research Center, Canada Received 13 November 2002; received in revised form 14 July 2003; accepted 26 July 2003 Biodiesel: The Use of Vegetable Oils and Their Derivatives as Alternative Diesel Fuels Gerhard Knothe*, Robert O. Dunn and Marvin O. Bagby Oil Chemical Research, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Peoria, IL 61604 Waste Vegetable Oil As A Diesel Replacement Fuel Phillip Calais* and AR (Tony) Clark** * Environmental Science, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia, [email protected] ** Western Australian Renewable Fuels Association Inc, [email protected]