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book - meaning in punjabiਬੁਕ

Meanings of book in punjabi[Hide Transliteration]

Inflected formsbooker (adjective comparative)

books (noun plural)

booked (verb past tense)

booking (verb present participle)

books (verb present tense)

Definitions and Meaning of book in Englishnoun

1. physical objects consisting of a number of pages bound together

2. a number of sheets (ticket or stamps etc.) bound together on one edge

3. a major division of a long written composition

4. a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together)

5. the sacred writings of the Christian religions

6. the sacred writings of Islam revealed by God to the prophet Muhammad during his life at Mecca and

Medina

7. a compilation of the known facts regarding something or someone

Example

- his name is in all the record books

8. a written version of a play or other dramatic composition; used in preparing for a performance

9. a collection of rules or prescribed standards on the basis of which decisions are made

10. a collection of playing cards satisfying the rules of a card game

11. a record in which commercial accounts are recorded

verb

1. engage for a performance

2. record a charge in a police register

3. arrange for and reserve (something for someone else) in advance

Examples

- The agent booked tickets to the show for the whole family

- please hold a table at Maxim's

4. register in a hotel booker

1 2

noun

1. ਗਰੰਥ (m) [garatha]2. ਪੁਸਤਕ [pusataka]3. ਗ ਥੰ (m) [gratha]4. ਿਕਤਾਬ (f) [kitāba]5. ਪੁਸਤਕ (f) [pusataka]6. ਬੱੁਕ (f) [buka]7. ਪੋਥੀ (f) [pōthī]

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Recent Search History1. book

2. ਬਾਣ3. string

4. ਿਸਧਾਂਤ5. ਤਣੀ6. ਸਲਾਹ-ਮਸ਼ਵਰਾ7. ritual

8. ਪੱਧਤੀ9. cognate

10. ਭਗਤ11. dance

See and manage history

Synonyms of bookbook, volume, bible, christian bible, good book,

holy scripture, holy writ, scripture, word, word of

god, al-qur'an, koran, quran, record, record book,

playscript, script, rule book, account book, book of

account, ledger, leger, hold, reserve

Antonyms of bookNo matches.

More matches for book

noun

book cover ਿਜਲਦbook-keeper ਮੁਨੀਮbook-keeping ਮੁਨੀਮੀbookcase ਅਲਮਾਰੀbookie ਸੱਟੇਬਾਜ਼booking ਬੁਿਕੰਗbookkeeper ਬੁਕਕੀਪਰbookkeeping ਬਹੀ

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6/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%A6-meaning-in-englishhttps://www.shabdkosh.com/dictionary/english-punjabi/book-keeper/book-keeper-meaning-in-punjabihttps://www.shabdkosh.com/dictionary/punjabi-english/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AE/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AE-meaning-in-englishhttps://www.shabdkosh.com/dictionary/english-punjabi/book-keeping/book-keeping-meaning-in-punjabihttps://www.shabdkosh.com/dictionary/punjabi-english/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%80/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%80-meaning-in-englishhttps://www.shabdkosh.com/dictionary/english-punjabi/bookcase/bookcase-meaning-in-punjabihttps://www.shabdkosh.com/dictionary/punjabi-english/%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80/%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80-meaning-in-englishhttps://www.shabdkosh.com/dictionary/english-punjabi/bookie/bookie-meaning-in-punjabihttps://www.shabdkosh.com/dictionary/punjabi-english/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC-meaning-in-englishhttps://www.shabdkosh.com/dictionary/english-punjabi/booking/booking-meaning-in-punjabihttps://www.shabdkosh.com/dictionary/punjabi-english/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97-meaning-in-englishhttps://www.shabdkosh.com/dictionary/english-punjabi/bookkeeper/bookkeeper-meaning-in-punjabihttps://www.shabdkosh.com/dictionary/punjabi-english/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B0/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B0-meaning-in-englishhttps://www.shabdkosh.com/dictionary/english-punjabi/bookkeeping/bookkeeping-meaning-in-punjabihttps://www.shabdkosh.com/dictionary/punjabi-english/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%80/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%80-meaning-in-english

English to punjabi Dictionary: bookMeaning and definitions of book, translation in punjabi language for book with similar and opposite words. Also find spoken pronunciation of book in punjabi and in English

language.

Tags for the entry "book"What book means in punjabi, book meaning in punjabi, book definition, examples and pronunciation of book in punjabi language.

Also see: book in Hindi

booklet ਪੁਸਿਤਕਾbooklet ਿਕਤਾਬੜੀbooklet ਪੁਿਸਤਕਾbookmark ਬੱੁਕਮਾਰਕbooks ਿਕਤਾਬਾਂbookseller ਪੁਸਤਕਿਵਕਰੇਤਾbookstore ਦੀ ਦੁਕਾਨ

adjective

booked ਕੇਸ ਦਰਜbookish ਿਕਤਾਬੀ

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��थ

SanskritNoun

Declension

References

��थ • (grantha) m

1. tying, binding, stringing together

2. = �ि�थ (granthí ), a knot3. honeycomb

4. an artificial arrangement of words, (especially of 32 syllables = �लोक (śloka )), verse, composition, treatise, literaryproduction, book in prose or verse, text (opposed to अथ� (artha, “meaning” )).

5. verse6. composition, treatise, literary production, book in prose or verse, text7. a section8. Guru Granth Sahib, the book or sacred scriptures of the Sikhs containing short moral poems by Nanak Shah and

others9. wealth, property

Masculine a-stem declension of ��थSingular Dual Plural

Nominative ��थः (granthaḥ ) ��थौ (granthau ) ��थाः (granthāḥ )Vocative ��थ (grantha ) ��थौ (granthau ) ��थाः (granthāḥ )Accusative ��थम ् (grantham ) ��थौ (granthau ) ��थान ् (granthān )Instrumental ��थेन (granthena ) ��था�याम ् (granthābhyām ) ��थैः (granthaiḥ )Dative ��थाय (granthāya ) ��था�याम ् (granthābhyām ) ��थे�यः (granthebhyaḥ )Ablative ��थात ् (granthāt ) ��था�याम ् (granthābhyām ) ��थे�यः (granthebhyaḥ )Genitive ��थ�य (granthasya ) ��थयोः (granthayoḥ ) ��थानाम ् (granthānām )Locative ��थे (granthe ) ��थयोः (granthayoḥ ) ��थेषु (grantheṣu )

Contents

Sanskrit

Noun

Declension

References

https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:Sanskrit_transliterationhttps://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tyinghttps://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bindinghttps://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/knothttps://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/honeycombhttps://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/versehttps://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/compositionhttps://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/treatisehttps://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/productionhttps://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bookhttps://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/texthttps://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5#Sanskrithttps://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/versehttps://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/compositionhttps://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/treatisehttps://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sectionhttps://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Guru_Granth_Sahibhttps://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/wealthhttps://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/propertyhttps://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%83&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%8C&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%83&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%8C&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%83&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%8C&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%83&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%83&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%87&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%83&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%81&action=edit&redlink=1

Monier Williams (1899), “��थ”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press,OCLC 458052227, page 0371.

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Guru Granth Sahib

Illuminated Guru Granth Sahib foliowith nisan (Mul Mantar) of Guru

Gobind Singh

Information

Religion Sikhism

Guru Granth SahibGuru Granth Sahib (Punjabi: ਗੁਰ ੂਗ�ੰਥ ਸਾਿਹਬ/Punjabi pronunciation: [ɡʊɾuː ɡɾəntʰᵊsaːhɪb]) is the principal scripture of Sikhism. It was compiled by the ten gurus ofSikhism and is itself regarded by Sikhs as the final, sovereign, and eternal livingguru.[1] Adi Granth, the first rendition, was compiled by the fifth Sikh guru, GuruArjan. The tenth guru, Guru Gobind Singh, added one shloka, dohra mahala 9 ang,1429 and all 115 hymns of his father, Guru Tegh Bahadur.[2] This second renditioncame to be known as Sri Guru Granth Sahib.[3] After Guru Gobind Singh's death in1708, Baba Deep Singh and Bhai Mani Singh prepared many copies of the Sri GuruGranth Sahib for distribution.[4]

The text consists of 1,430 angs (pages) and 6,000 śabads (line compositions),[5][6]

which are poetically rendered and set to a rhythmic ancient north Indian classicalform of music.[7] The bulk of the scripture is divided into sixty rāgs, with eachGranth rāga subdivided according to length and author. The hymns in the scriptureare arranged primarily by the rāgs in which they are read.[5] The Guru Granth Sahibis written in the Gurmukhī script, in various languages, including Lahnda (WesternPunjabi), Braj Bhasha, Khariboli, Sanskrit, Sindhi, and Persian. Copies in theselanguages often have the generic title of Sant Bhasha.[8]

Guru Granth Sahib was composed by the Sikh Gurus: Guru Nanak Dev, Guru AngadDev, Guru Amar Das, Guru Ram Das, Guru Arjan Dev, Guru Tegh Bahadur andGuru Gobind Singh added 1 sloakh in mahala 9 Ang 1429. It also contains thetraditions and teachings of Indian sants (saints), such as Ravidas, Ramananda,Bhagat Bhikan and Namdev among others, and two Muslim Sufi saints Kabir and:Sheikh Farid.[9][10]

The vision in the Guru Granth Sahib is of a society based on divine justice without oppression of any kind.[11][12] While the Granthacknowledges and respects the scriptures of Hinduism and Islam, it does not imply a moral reconciliation with either of thesereligions.[13] It is installed in a Sikh gurdwara (temple); all Sikhs bow or prostrate before it on entering such a temple.[14] The Granthis revered as eternal gurbānī and the spiritual authority in Sikhism.[15]

History

Meaning and role in SikhismElevation of Adi Granth to Guru Granth Sahib

Composition

ContributorsGurusSelect revered SaintsHistorians

Sanctity among SikhsTranslationsRecitation

Contents

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sri_Guru_Granth_Sahib_Nishan.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mul_Mantarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guru_Gobind_Singhhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikhismhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurmukhi_scripthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Punjabihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikhismhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikh_gurushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guru_Maneyo_Granthhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guru_Arjanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guru_Gobind_Singhhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guru_Tegh_Bahadurhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baba_Deep_Singhhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhai_Mani_Singhhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragas_in_the_Guru_Granth_Sahibhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurmukh%C4%AB_scripthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahndahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braj_Bhashahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kharibolihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanskrithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sindhi_languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sant_Bhashahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ravidashttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramanandahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdevhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslimhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheikh_Faridhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurdwarahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurbani

Printing

Digitization

References

External links

During the guruship of Guru Nanak Dev, collections of his holy hymns were compiled and sent to distant Sikh communities for usein morning and evening prayers.[16] His successor Guru Angad Dev began collecting his predecessor's writings. This tradition wascontinued by the third and fifth gurus as well. When the fifth guru Guru Arjan Dev was collecting religious writings of hispredecessor, he discovered that pretenders to the guruship were releasing what he considered as forged anthologies of writings of theprevious guru and including their own writings with them.[17] In order to prevent spurious scriptures from gaining legitimacy, GuruArjan Dev began compiling a sacred scripture for the Sikh community.

He finished collecting the religious writings of Guru Ram Das, his immediate predecessor, and convinced Mohan, the son of GuruAmar Das, to give him the collection of the religious writings of the first three gurus.[17] In addition, he sent disciples to go across thecountry to find and bring back any previously unknown religious writings of theirs. He also invited members of other religions andcontemporary religious writers to submit writings for possible inclusion.[17] Guru Arjan pitched a tent by the side of Ramsar tank inAmritsar and started the task of compiling the holy Granth.[18] He selected hymns for inclusion in the Adi Granth and Bhai Gurdasacted as his scribe.[19]

While the holy hymns and verses were being put together Akbar, the Mughal Emperor, received a report that the Adi Granthcontained passages vilifying Islam. Therefore, while travelling north, he stopped en route and asked to inspect it.[20] Baba Buddhaand Bhai Gurdas brought him a copy of the Adi Granth as it existed then. After choosing three random passages to be read, Akbardecided that this report had been false.[20]

In 1604, Adi Granth was completed and installed at the Harmandir Sahib, with Baba Buddha as the first granthi, or reader.[21][18]

Since communities of Sikh disciples were scattered all over northern India, copies of the holy scripture needed to be made forthem.[20] The sixth guru added the tunes of 9 out of 22 Vars. Seventh and eighth guru did not have writings of their own added to theholy scripture; however, the ninth guru, Guru Tegh Bahadur, did. The tenth guru, Guru Gobind Singh, included writings of his fatherGuru Tegh Bahadur in the Guru Granth Sahib,[20] and included 1 salokh in mahala 9 Ang 1429.

In 1704 at Damdama Sahib, during a one-year respite from the heavy fighting with Aurangzeb which the Khalsa was engaged in atthe time, Guru Gobind Singh and Bhai Mani Singh added the religious compositions of Guru Tegh Bahadur to Adi Granth to create adefinitive compilation.[20] Religious verses of Guru Gobind Singh were not included in Guru Granth Sahib, but he added 1 sloak inmahala 9 Ang 1429. His banis are found in the Sri Dasam Granth, they are part in the daily prayers of Sikhs[20] During this period,Bhai Mani Singh also collected Guru Gobind Singh's religious writings, as well as his court poems, and included them in a secondaryreligious volume, today known as the Dasam Granth Sahib.[22]

Sikhs consider the Guru Granth Sahib as the eternal living guru, the highest religious andspiritual guide for Sikhs and inspire all of humanity; it plays a central role in guiding theSikh's way of life. Its place in Sikh devotional life is based on two fundamental principles: onthe "Gurbani" (the word of Guru/God) which was received by the Sikh gurus in their divineconsciousness from God and revealed to mankind. The Guru Granth Sahib answers allquestions regarding religion and that morality can be discovered within it. The word is theguru and the guru is the word. Thus, in Sikh theology, the revealed divine word was written bypast gurus. Numerous holy men, aside from the Sikh gurus, are collectively referred to asBhagats or "devotees."

History

Meaning and role in Sikhism

Guru Granth Sahib

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guru_Nanak_Devhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guru_Angad_Devhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guru_Arjan_Devhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guru_Ram_Dashttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guru_Amar_Dashttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhai_Gurdashttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akbarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_Emperorhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baba_Buddhahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmandir_Sahibhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granthihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guru_Hargobindhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guru_Har_Raihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guru_Har_Krishanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guru_Tegh_Bahadurhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damdama_Sahibhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurangzebhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khalsahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhai_Mani_Singhhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dasam_Granthhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhagathttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Guru_Granth_Sahib.jpg

In 1708 Guru Gobind Singh conferred the title of "Guru of the Sikhs" upon the Adi Granth. The event was recorded in a Bhatt Vahi (abard's scroll) by an eyewitness, Narbud Singh,[23] who was a bard at the Rajput rulers' court associated with gurus. A variety of otherdocuments also attest to this proclamation by the tenth guru. Thus, despite some aberrations, Sikhs since then have accepted GuruGranth Sahib, the sacred scripture, as their eternal-living guru, as the embodiment of the ten Sikh Gurus.

The entire Guru Granth Sahib is written in the Gurmukhi script, which wasstandardized by Guru Angad Dev in the 16th century. According to Sikh traditionand the Mahman Prakash, an early Sikh manuscript, Guru Angad Dev had taughtand spread the Gurmukhi script at the suggestion of Guru Nanak Dev which hasinvented the Gurmukhi script. [24][25] The word Gurmukhī translates to "from themouth of the guru". It descended from the Laṇḍā scripts and was used from theoutset for compiling Sikh scriptures. The Sikhs assign a high degree of sanctity tothe Gurmukhī script.[26] It is the official script for writing Punjabi in the Indian Stateof Punjab.

Gurus considered divine worship through shabad kirtan as the best means ofattaining that state of bliss -vismad- which resulted in communion with the God.Guru Granth Sahib is divided by musical settings or ragas[27] into 1,430 pagesknown as Angs (limbs) in Sikh tradition. It can be categorized into two sections:

1. Introductory section consisting of the Mool Mantar, Japji and Sohila,composed by Guru Nanak Dev;

2. Compositions of Sikh gurus, followed by those of the bhagats who knowonly God, collected according to the chronology of ragas or musicalsettings. (see below).

A raga is a complex structure of musical melody used in Indian classical music. It isa set of rules of how to build a melody which can ignite a certain mood in the reciterand listeners. The Sikh Holy Scripture, Guru Granth Sahib, is composed in anddivided by 60 ragas. Each raga is a chapter or section in the Guru Granth Sahibstarting with Asaa raag, and all the hymns produced in Asaa raag are found in thissection ordered chronologically by the Guru or other Bhagat that have written hymns in that raga.

Following is the list of all sixty Raags under which Gurbani is written, in order of appearance with page numbers.

1. Asa ------------------------08

2. Gujari --------------------10

3. Gauri Deepaki -------------12

4. Dhanasri ------------------13

5. Gauri Poorabi -------------13

6. Siri ----------------------14

7. Majh ----------------------94

8. Gauri Guarairee ----------151

9. Gauri --------------------151

Elevation of Adi Granth to Guru Granth Sahib

Composition

A composition or Shabad from GuruGranth Sahib

The end part of the handwritten AdiGranth, by Pratap Singh Giani, onthe first floor of Harmandir Sahib

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurmukh%C4%AB_alphabethttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guru_Angadhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8D%C4%81_scriptshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mool_Mantarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japjihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sohilahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guru_Nanak_Devhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shabad_(hymn)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Guru_Granth_Sahib_By_Bhai_Pratap_Singh_Giani.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pratap_Singh_Gianihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmandir_Sahib

10. Gauri Dakhani ------------152

11. Gauri Chaitee ------------154

12. Gauri Bairagan -----------156

13. Gauri Poorabi Deepaki -----157

14. Gauri Majh ----------------172

15. Gauri Malva ----------------214

16. Gauri Mala ----------------214

17. Gauri Sorath --------------330

18. Asa Kafi ------------------365

19. Asavari -----------------369

20. Asa Asavari - --------------409

21. Devgandhari ---------------527

22. Bihagra -------------------537

23. Vadhans -------------------557

24. Vadhans Dakhani ------------580

25. Sorath --------------------595

26. Jaitsri --------------------696

27. Todi ----------------------711

28. Bairarri -------------------719

29. Tilang --------------------721

30. Tilang Kafi ----------------726

31. Suhee ----------------------728

32. Suhee Kafi -----------------751

33. Suhee Lalit ----------------793

34. Bilaval --------------------795

35. Bilaval Dakhani ------------843

36. Gound ----------------------859

37. Bilaval Gound --------------874

38. Ramkali --------------------876

39. Ramkali Dakhani ------------907

40. Nut Narayan ----------------975

41. Nut ------------------------975

42. Mali Gaura -----------------984

43. Maru -----------------------989

44. Maru Kafi -----------------1014

45. Maru Dakhani --------------1033

46. Tukhari -------------------1107

47. Kedara --------------------1118

48. Bhairo --------------------1125

49. Basant --------------------1168

50. Basant Hindol -------------1170

51. Sarang --------------------1197

52. Malar ---------------------1254

53. Kanra ---------------------1294

54. Kaliyan ------------------1319

55. Kaliyan Bhopali -----------1321

56. Parbhati Bibhas -----------1327

57. Parbhati ------------------1327

58. Parbhati Dakhani-----------1344

59. Bibhas Parbhati -----------1347

60. Jaijavanti ---------------1352

Following is a list of contributors whose hymns are present in Guru Granth Sahib:

Guru Nanak DevGuru Angad DevGuru Amar DasGuru Ram DasGuru Arjan DevGuru Tegh Bahadur

Contributors

Gurus

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guru_Nanak_Devhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guru_Angad_Devhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guru_Amar_Dashttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guru_Ram_Dashttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guru_Arjan_Devhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guru_Tegh_Bahadur

No one can change or alter any of the writings of the Sikh gurus written in the GuruGranth Sahib. This includes sentences, words, structure, grammar, and meanings.Following the example of the gurus themselves, Sikhs observe total sanctity of theholy text of Guru Granth Sahib. Guru Har Rai, for example, disowned one of hissons, Ram Rai, because he had attempted to alter the wording of a hymn by GuruNanak Dev.[28] Guru Har Rai had sent Ram Rai to Delhi in order to explain Gurbanito the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb. To please the Emperor he altered the wording ofa hymn, which was reported to the guru. Displeased with his son, the guru disownedhim and forbade his Sikhs to associate with him or his descendants.

A partial English translation of Guru Granth Sahib by Ernest Trumpp was published in 1877. The work was for use by Christianmissionaries, and received extremely negative feedback from Sikhs.[29] Max Arthur Macauliffe also partially translated the text forinclusion in his six-volume The Sikh Religion, published by Oxford University Press in 1909. His translations are closer to the Sikhs'own interpretation of the holy scripture, and were received well by them.[30]

Bhagat KabirBhagat RavidasBhagat NamdevBhagat BeniBhagat BhikhanBhagat DhannaBhagat JayadevaBhagat ParmanandBhagat PipaBhagat RamanandBhagat SadhanaBhagat SainBhagat Sur Dass (poet)Bhagat TrilochanBaba Sundar jiBhai Mardana jiFariduddin GanjshakarBalvand Rai

Bhatt KalsharBhatt BalhBhatt BhalhBhatt BhikaBhatt GayandBhatt HarbansBhatt JalapBhatt KiratBhatt MathuraBhatt NalhBhatt Salho ji

Map showing birthplace of variouscontributors of Guru Granth Sahib

Select revered Saints

Historians

Sanctity among Sikhs

The Mool Mantar in the handwritingof Guru Har Rai

Translations

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanctityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guru_Har_Raihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guru_Har_Rai#Ram_Raihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurangzebhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Trumpphttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Arthur_Macauliffehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_University_Presshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhagat_Kabirhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhagat_Ravidashttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhagat_Namdevhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhagat_Benihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhagat_Bhikhanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhagat_Dhannahttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bhagat_Jayadeva&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhagat_Parmanandhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhagat_Pipahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhagat_Ramanandhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhagat_Sadhanahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhagat_Sainhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bhagat_Sur_Dass_(poet)&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhagat_Trilochanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Baba_Sundar_ji&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bhai_Mardana_ji&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fariduddin_Ganjshakarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balvand_Raihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhatt_Kalsharhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhatt_Balhhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhatt_Bhalhhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhatt_Bhikahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhatt_Gayandhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhatt_Harbanshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhatt_Jalaphttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhatt_Kirathttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhatt_Mathurahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhatt_Nalhhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bhatt_Salho_ji&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Map_birth_place_of_Writers_of_Guru_Granth_Sahib.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Guru_Har_Rai_-_Mool_Mantar.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mool_Mantarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guru_Har_Rai

The first complete English translation of Guru Granth Sahib, by Gopal Singh, was published in 1960. A revised version published in1978 removed the obsolete English words like "thee" and "thou". In 1962, an eight-volume translation into English and Punjabi byManmohan Singh was published by the Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee. In the 2000s, a translation by Sant SinghKhalsa (referred to as the "Khalsa Consensus Translation") became popular through its inclusion on major Sikhism-relatedwebsites.[31]

Guru Granth Sahib is always the focal point in any gurudwara, seated on a raisedplatform known as a Takht (throne), while the congregation of devotees sits on the floorand bow before the guru as a sign of respect. Guru Granth Sahib is given the greatestrespect and honour. Sikhs cover their heads and remove their shoes while in the presenceof this sacred scripture, their eternal living guru. Guru Granth Sahib is normally carriedon the head and as a sign of respect, never touched with unwashed hands or put on thefloor.[32] It is attended with all signs of royalty, with a canopy placed over it. A chaursahib is waved above the Guru Granth Sahib. Peacock-feather fans were waved overroyal or saintly beings as a mark of great spiritual or temporal status; this was laterreplaced by the modern Chaur sahib.

The Guru Granth Sahib is taken care of by a Granthi, who is responsible for recitingfrom the sacred hymns and leading Sikh prayers. The Granthi also acts as caretaker for the Guru Granth Sahib, keeping the GuruGranth Sahib covered in clean cloths, known as rumala, to protect from heat, dust, pollution, etc. The Guru Granth Sahib rests on amanji sahib under a rumala until brought out again.[32]

The Gurudwara Ramsar, the official religious body of Sikhs, is responsible for making physical copies of the Guru Granth Sahib.Until 1864, the Gurudwara Ramsar allowed only handwritten copies. Now the basement of its headquarters in Amritsar houses theonly printing press authorized to reproduce the Guru Granth Sahib. Since the early 20th century, it has been printed in a standardedition of 1430 Angs. The printers, chosen for their skill and uprightness, adhere to a strict code of conduct.[33]

Misprints, mock-ups, and entire runs and editions, as well as waste with just a single character of the sacred text on it, are incineratedat Goindval.[34] In a process called Agan Bheta, this unused or unpreserved text is burned by itself; no material (such as the typicalwood) is added to help "cremate" it, thus making its burning pure and unadulterated. No handwritten copies are ever destroyed.

The first CD of the Guru Granth Sahib was released in 2000 by Dr Kulbir Singh Thind which included a full set of Gurbani fontswhich he also developed in 1995. [35] In 2000 a British Sikh named Tarsem Singh developed the 'Sikhi to the Max' Guru GranthSahib search engine which is currently used throughout Sikh diaspora communities around the globe to provide English languagetranslations within Sikh Temples. [36] In 2003 the Panjab Digital Library, in collaboration with the Nanakshahi Trust, begandigitizing centuries-old copies and manuscripts of the Guru Granth Sahib and other Sikh sacred texts. In 2004 the Sikher project waslaunched by Jasdeep Singh Khalsa to develop an 'open source' approach to Gurbani translations and app development. [37] [38] In2017, Khalis Foundation, a Californian based non-profit, relaunched Sikhi to the Max based on the open source philosophy promotedby the Sikher project. [39] Another group, called Shabad OS (Open Source), is working on creating a publicly-logged open source andtextually accurate database of various texts of the Sikh Cannon with translations and dictionaries for researchers.[40]

1. Keene, Michael (2004). Online Worksheets. Nelson Thornes. p. 38. ISBN 0-7487-7159-X.

Recitation

A Granthi reciting from GuruGranth Sahib

Printing

Digitization

References

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiromani_Gurdwara_Parbandhak_Committeehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granthihttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gurudwara_Ramsar&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amritsarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Printing_presshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goindvalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panjab_Digital_Libraryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nanakshahi_Trust&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digitizinghttps://github.com/ShabadOShttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7487-7159-Xhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sri_Guru_Granth_Sahib.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granthi

2. Partridge, Christopher Hugh (2005). Introduction to World Religions. p. 223.

3. Kapoor, Sukhbir. Guru Granth Sahib: An Advance Study. Hemkunt Press. p. 139. ISBN 9788170103219.

4. Pruthi, Raj (2004). Sikhism and Indian Civilization. Discovery Publishing House. p. 188.

5. Christopher Shackle and Arvind Mandair (2005), Teachings of the Sikh Gurus, Routledge, ISBN 978-0415266048,pages xvii-xx

6. Penney, Sue. Sikhism. Heinemann. p. 14. ISBN 0-435-30470-4.

7. Anna S. King and JL Brockington (2005), The Intimate Other: Love Divine in Indic Religions, Orient Blackswan,ISBN 978-8125028017, pages 359-361

8. Harnik Deol, Religion and Nationalism in India. Routledge, 2000. ISBN 0-415-20108-X, 9780415201087. Page 22. "(...) the compositions in the Sikh holy book, Adi Granth, are a melange of various dialects, often coalesced under thegeneric title of Sant Bhasha." The Making of Sikh Scripture by Gurinder Singh Mann. Published by Oxford University Press US, 2001. ISBN 0-19-513024-3, ISBN 978-0-19-513024-9 Page 5. "The language of the hymns recorded in the Adi Granth has beencalled Sant Bhasha, a kind of lingua franca used by the medieval saint-poets of northern India. But the broad rangeof contributors to the text produced a complex mix of regional dialects." Surindar Singh Kohli, History of Punjabi Literature. Page 48. National Book, 1993. ISBN 81-7116-141-3, ISBN 978-81-7116-141-6. "When we go through the hymns and compositions of the Guru written in Sant Bhasha (saint-language), it appears that some Indian saint of 16th century...." Introduction: Guru Granth Sahib (http://www.sikhs.nl/downloads/English/Introduction%20to%20the%20Guru%20Granth%20Sahib.pdf). "Guru Granth Sahib Ji is written in Gurmukhi script. The language, which is most often SantBhasha, is very close to Punjabi. It is well understood all over northern and northwest India and is popular among thewandering holy men. Persian and some local dialects have also been used. Many hymns contain words of differentlanguages and dialects, depending upon the mother tongue of the writer or the language of the region where theywere composed." Nirmal Dass, Songs of the Saints from the Adi Granth. SUNY Press, 2000. ISBN 0-7914-4683-2, ISBN 978-0-7914-4683-6. Page 13. "Any attempt at translating songs from the Adi Granth certainly involves working not with onelanguage, but several, along with dialectical differences. The languages used by the saints range from Sanskrit;regional Prakrits; western, eastern and southern Apabhramsa; and Sahiskriti. More particularly, we find sant bhasha,Marathi, Old Hindi, central and Lehndi Panjabi, Sgettland Persian. There are also many dialects deployed, such asPurbi Marwari, Bangru, Dakhni, Malwai, and Awadhi." Harjinder Singh, Sikhism. Guru Granth Sahib (GGS) (http://www.sikhwomen.com/sikhism/scriptures/ggs/index.htm)."Guru Granth Sahib Ji also contains hymns which are written in a language known as Sahiskriti, as well as SantBhasha; it also contains many Persian and Sanskrit words throughout."

9. Shapiro, Michael (2002). Songs of the Saints from the Adi Granth. Journal of the American Oriental Society. pp. 924,925.

10. Parrinder, Geoffrey (1971). World Religions: From Ancient History to the Present. United States: Hamlyn. p. 256.ISBN 978-0-87196-129-7.

11. Torkel Brekke (2014), Religion, War, and Ethics: A Sourcebook of Textual Traditions (Editors: Gregory M. Reichbergand Henrik Syse), Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0521450386, pages 673, 675, 672-686

12. Christopher Shackle and Arvind Mandair (2005), Teachings of the Sikh Gurus, Routledge, ISBN 978-0415266048,pages xxxiv-xli

13. William Owen Cole and Piara Singh Sambhi (1995), The Sikhs: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices, SussexAcademic Press, ISBN 978-1898723134, pages 40, 157

14. William Owen Cole and Piara Singh Sambhi (1995), The Sikhs: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices, SussexAcademic Press, ISBN 978-1898723134, page 44

15. Torkel Brekke (2014), Religion, War, and Ethics: A Sourcebook of Textual Traditions (Editors: Gregory M. Reichbergand Henrik Syse), Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0521450386, page 675

16. Singh, Khushwant (1991). A History of the Sikhs: Vol. 1. 1469-1839 (https://books.google.com/books?id=3i_htgAACAAJ). Oxford University Press. p. 34. Retrieved 18 December 2011.

17. Singh, Khushwant (1991). A History of the Sikhs: Vol. 1. 1469-1839 (https://books.google.com/books?id=3i_htgAACAAJ). Oxford University Press. pp. 54–56, 294–295. Retrieved 18 December 2011.

18. "Sikhism Religion of the Sikh People" (https://www.sikhs.org/granth1.htm). www.sikhs.org. Retrieved 10 January2018.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788170103219https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0415266048https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-435-30470-4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8125028017https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-20108-Xhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-513024-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-513024-9https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-7116-141-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7116-141-6http://www.sikhs.nl/downloads/English/Introduction%20to%20the%20Guru%20Granth%20Sahib.pdfhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7914-4683-2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-4683-6http://www.sikhwomen.com/sikhism/scriptures/ggs/index.htmhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoffrey_Parrinderhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87196-129-7https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0521450386https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0415266048https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1898723134https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1898723134https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0521450386https://books.google.com/books?id=3i_htgAACAAJhttps://books.google.com/books?id=3i_htgAACAAJhttps://www.sikhs.org/granth1.htm

Searchable Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji OnlinePanjab Digital LibrarySri GranthGuru Granth Sahib Ji QuotesSri Guru Granth Sahib OnlineKhoj Gurbani, a platform incorporating several translationsDISR - German Informationcenter for Sikh Religion

19. Trumpp, Ernest (2004) [1877]. The Ādi Granth or the Holy Scriptures of the Sikhs. India: Munshiram ManoharlalPublishers. p. 1xxxi. ISBN 978-81-215-0244-3.

20. Singh, Khushwant (1991). A History of the Sikhs: Vol. 1. 1469-1839 (https://books.google.com/books?id=3i_htgAACAAJ). Oxford University Press. pp. 54–55, 90, 148, 294–296. Retrieved 18 December 2011.

21. William Owen Cole and Piara Singh Sambhi (1995), The Sikhs: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices, SussexAcademic Press, ISBN 978-1898723134, pages 45-46

22. McLeod, W. H. (15 October 1990). Textual Sources for the Study of Sikhism (https://books.google.com/books?id=7xIT7OMSJ44C&pg=PA6). University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226560854. Retrieved 11 June 2010.

23. Singh, Gurbachan; Sondeep Shankar (1998). The Sikhs : Faith, Philosophy and Folks. Roli & Janssen. p. 55.ISBN 81-7436-037-9.

24. Hoiberg, Dale; Indu Ramchandani (2000). Students' Britannica India. Popular Prakashan. p. 207. ISBN 0-85229-760-2.

25. Gupta, Hari Ram (2000). History of the Sikhs Vol. 1; The Sikh Gurus, 1469-1708. Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers(P) Ltd. p. 114. ISBN 81-215-0276-4.

26. Mann, Gurinder Singh (2001). The making of Sikh Scripture. Oxford University Press. p. 5. ISBN 0-19-513024-3.

27. Brown, Kerry (1999). Sikh Art and Literature. Routledge. p. 200. ISBN 0-415-20288-4.

28. Bains, K.S. "A tribute to Bal Guru" (http://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20060326/society.htm#2). The Tribune.

29. Nikky-Guninder Kaur Singh (22 February 2011). Sikhism: An Introduction (https://books.google.com/books?id=w8yWAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT128). I.B.Tauris. pp. 128–. ISBN 978-0-85773-549-2.

30. John Stratton Hawley (1993). Studying the Sikhs: Issues for North America (https://books.google.com/books?id=bTCFDfh7Qv4C&pg=PA164). SUNY Press. pp. 164–. ISBN 978-0-7914-1425-5.

31. Lynne Long (2005). Translation and Religion (https://books.google.com/books?id=0Yck4QW_DecC&pg=PT50).Multilingual Matters. pp. 50–51. ISBN 978-1-84769-550-5.

32. Fowler, Jeaneane (1997). World Religions:An Introduction for Students. Sussex Academic Press. pp. 354–357.ISBN 1-898723-48-6.

33. Jolly, Asit (3 April 2004). "Sikh holy book flown to Canada" (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/3597073.stm). BBC News. Retrieved 5 January 2010.

34. Eleanor Nesbitt, "Sikhism: a very short introduction", ISBN 0-19-280601-7, Oxford University Press, pp. 40-41

35. "SriGranth.org Still a Hidden High Tech Treasure of Aad Guru Granth Sahib" (http://www.iuscanada.com/journal/archives/2006/j0802p39.pdf) (PDF). Institute for Understanding Sikhism. July 2006.

36. "SikhiToTheMax Version 2 Released | MrSikhNet" (http://www.mrsikhnet.com/2008/03/28/sikhitothemax-version-2-released/). www.mrsikhnet.com. Retrieved 14 July 2018.

37. "New Gurbani Search Engine - GurbaniDB - in English, Gurmukhi and 52 other languages | SikhNet" (http://s.www.sikhnet.com/news/new-gurbani-search-engine-gurbanidb-english-gurmukhi-and-52-other-languages). SikhNet.Retrieved 14 July 2018.

38. "Sikher – Open Source Gurbani Searcher | MrSikhNet" (http://www.mrsikhnet.com/2006/07/29/sikher-open-source-gurbani-searcher/). www.mrsikhnet.com. Retrieved 20 August 2018.

39. "Interview: Developer Reveals New SikhiToTheMax Beta Release" (https://www.sikh24.com/2017/01/03/interview-developer-reveals-new-sikhitothemax-beta-release/#.W0m6EtJKjIU). www.sikh24.com. Retrieved 14 July 2018.

40. "A digital representation of Sikh Bani and other Panthic texts with a public logbook of sangat-sourced corrections.:ShabadOS/database" (https://github.com/ShabadOS/database). Shabad OS. 9 April 2019. Retrieved 16 April 2019.

External links

https://www.sikhitothemax.org/http://www.panjabdigilib.org/http://www.srigranth.org/http://dhansikhi.com/gurbani-quotes/http://nitnem.net/srigranth/http://www.khojgurbani.org/https://www.deutsches-informationszentrum-sikhreligion.de/SiriGuruGranthSahib_de.php/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-215-0244-3https://books.google.com/books?id=3i_htgAACAAJhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1898723134https://books.google.com/books?id=7xIT7OMSJ44C&pg=PA6https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780226560854https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-7436-037-9https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85229-760-2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-215-0276-4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-513024-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-20288-4http://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20060326/society.htm#2https://books.google.com/books?id=w8yWAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT128https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85773-549-2https://books.google.com/books?id=bTCFDfh7Qv4C&pg=PA164https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-1425-5https://books.google.com/books?id=0Yck4QW_DecC&pg=PT50https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84769-550-5https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-898723-48-6http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/3597073.stmhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-280601-7https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_University_Presshttp://www.iuscanada.com/journal/archives/2006/j0802p39.pdfhttp://www.mrsikhnet.com/2008/03/28/sikhitothemax-version-2-released/http://s.www.sikhnet.com/news/new-gurbani-search-engine-gurbanidb-english-gurmukhi-and-52-other-languageshttp://www.mrsikhnet.com/2006/07/29/sikher-open-source-gurbani-searcher/https://www.sikh24.com/2017/01/03/interview-developer-reveals-new-sikhitothemax-beta-release/#.W0m6EtJKjIUhttps://github.com/ShabadOS/database

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