Brain Computer Brain Computer InterfaceInterface

指導老師：李柏磊 副教授報告者：電機三 B 葉姿妤 電機二 A 蕭有容

電機二 B 陳迺惠

OutlinesOutlinesWhat is BCI?How does it work?Brain Wave ControlSimple introduction of the brainData AcquisitionAppsDrawbacks & FutureQ&A

You can make it with BCI ！

What is BCI?

Brain -Computer Interface -Direct Neural Interface or Brain-

Machine Interface

Direct communication pathway between a brain and an external device.

Research on BCIs began in the 1970s at the University of California Los Angeles

How does it work?How does it work?Signal Acquisition Signal Processing

Devices

Brain Wave ControlBrain Wave Control

Brain Wave ControlBrain Wave ControlActive

◦ α (8 – 12 Hz): relaxed/reflecting◦ β (12 – 30 Hz): alert/working

- Training- Misjudgment

Brain Wave ControlBrain Wave ControlPassive

◦ Evoked potentials

Brain Wave ControlBrain Wave ControlPassive

◦ Evoked potentials

Brain Wave ControlBrain Wave ControlPassive

◦ Evoked potentials

Simple introduction Simple introduction of the brainof the brain

Focus on cortex

Cerebral cortex大腦皮質

Cerebellum小腦

Midbrain中腦

Structure of the Structure of the cortexcortex

Cortex(Cortex( 皮質皮質 ))

Primary Somatosensory Cortex 主要身體感覺區Primary Motor Cortex 主要運動區Motor Association Cortex 運動聯合區

Sensory Association Area 感覺聯合區Visual Association Area 視覺聯合區Visual Cortex 視覺皮質區Wernicke's Area 威氏區

Prefrontal Cortex 前額葉皮質區 Speech Center (Broca‘s Area) 布洛卡氏區Auditory Cortex 聽覺皮質區Auditory Association Area 聽覺聯合區

Data AcquisitionData Acquisition

Data AcquisitionData AcquisitionInvasive BCIsNon-Invasive BCIsPartially-Invasive BCIsWireless BCIs

Invasive BCIsInvasive BCIsImplanted: grey matterSignals: highest quality Scar-tissue build-upTarget:

◦repairing damaged sight◦providing new functionality to

persons with paralysis Artificial Vision System

Electrode ArraysElectrode Arrays

App.- Artificial VisionApp.- Artificial Vision4X4

16 pixels8X8

64 pixels12X12

144 pixels

16X16256

pixels

32X321024 pixels

128X12816384 pixels

Non-Invasive BCIsNon-Invasive BCIspoor signal resolutionpower muscle implants and

restore partial movementInterfaces

◦EEG◦MEG◦MRI

MEGMEGMagnetoencephalographyMagnetic Field: 10-15T ~10-13T

(Weak!!)◦S.Q.U.I.D. Sensors◦Shielded Room

Magnetic FieldMagnetic Field

Partially-Invasive BCIsPartially-Invasive BCIsImplanted: skulllower risk of forming scar-tissue

in the brainSignal quality between invasive

BCIs & non-invasive BCIs

Wireless BCIsWireless BCIsMore practicalEmbedding multiple chips

◦More complicated thoughtsTransmission with RFkey requirement: keep the heat

down

Wireless BCIsWireless BCIsSize: 2cm in diameter 、 8cm

thickLow costReceive Distance: 10m ~ 50m

Examples of BCIExamples of BCI

Rats implanted with BCIs in TheRats implanted with BCIs in Theodore Bergerodore Berger’’s experimentss experiments

Monkey operating a robotic arMonkey operating a robotic arm with m with BCIsBCIs

Controlling a Controlling a roboticrobotic dog with dog with BCIBCI

A man operates the A man operates the computer with his EEGcomputer with his EEG

A man operates the A man operates the computer with his EEGcomputer with his EEG

P300->300ms

頂葉

DisadvantagesDisadvantagesHeadache

Exhausting

Laziness Degenerate

FutureFutureIntegrate with different territory

From lab to factory

Nursing and medical treatment

ReferencesReferenceshttp://spectrum.ieee.org/biomedical/

devices/the-brainmachine-interface-unplugged/0

http://www.seeingwithsound.com/etumble.htm

http://www.yct.com.tw/life/98drum/98drum17.pdf

http://www.libertytimes.com.tw/2007/new/may/24/today-life3.htm

http://hi.ctust.edu.tw/mediawiki/index.php/%E8%85%A6%E6%A9%9F%E4%BB%8B%E9%9D%A2%28BCI%29

Q&AQ&A