bridge oriented presentation gfrp rebar(price comparison)
DESCRIPTION
Introduction to GFRP Rebar in a bridge case studyTRANSCRIPT
INTRODUCTION TO FIBERGLASS INTRODUCTION TO FIBERGLASS REBAR TECHNOLOGYREBAR TECHNOLOGY
OUTLINE
• INTRODUCTION TO FRP REBAR• COMPARISON TO OTHER MATERIALS• FEATURES OF FRP REBAR• APPLICATIONS• LIFE CYCLE COST• CASE STUDY
The Pultrusion Process
FRP Rebar Composition
Fibres (Reinforcements)Fibres (Reinforcements)Resins (Polymers)Resins (Polymers)FillersFillersAdditivesAdditives
Fibres – Mechanical strengthFibres – Mechanical strengthResins – Chemical resistanceResins – Chemical resistance
• Main functions of the Fibres:
• Carry load• Provide strength and stiffness
1
23
FRP Rebar Composition
FRP Constituents Functions
• Main functions of the Resin: • Transfers stresses between fibers• Provides lateral support against buckling• Protects fibers from mechanical and environmental
damage
– Thermoset Resins are typically used:• Heat cured vinyl ester• Irreversible process• Cannot be deformed upon curing
BENDING PROCESS
Sand Coating Process
COMPARISON TO COMPARISON TO OTHER MATERIALSOTHER MATERIALS
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Steel Pultrusion 70% roving Aluminum
X 103 psi
TENSILE STRENGTH
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Steel Aluminum Pultrusion 70%roving
Pultrusion 50%mat & roving
g/cc
DENSITY
Co
nst
rain
t (M
Pa)
Displacement
Glass FRP
Carbon FRP
Steel
Concrete
4000
1250
400
40
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
100 1,000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000No. of Cycles (Nos.)
Cra
ck
Wid
th (
mm
)
Comparison of GFRP, CFRP and STEEL Panels
Cycles toFailure @ 60 t
23,162
198,863
420,684
Cycles toFailure @ 60 t
23,162STEEL
Punching Shear Failure Mode
STEELSTEEL
CFRP
GFRP
Fatigue under 60 t Load Fatigue under 60 t Load Punching Shear Failure Mode
STEEL
GFRP
CFRP
Fatigue
Composite Rebars Composite Rebars FeaturesFeatures
Key features• Corrosion resistance (Na+, Cl-, Alkalis…)
• Electromagnetic Neutrality
• Low density (2 g/cm3)
• Thermal Conductivity (2.0 BTU/ft2/hr/ºF/in)
Key features FRP composites is a great solution to the
problems associated with the aging infrastructure of Canada for the following reasons:
– Corrosion resistance : • Reduce repair and maintenance cost.
• Enhance life duration of a concrete structure.
• Help obtain better life cycle cost.
– Electromagnetic Neutrality :• Do not bloc radio waves.• Will not interfere with radar waves.• Will ease communications through the structure (mobile phone).
• FRP composites is a great solution to the problems associated with the aging infrastructure of Canada for the following reasons:
– Low density :• Saves on transportation costs.• Easier and faster construction with less workers and equipment.
– Excellent electrical isolation properties :• Resistance to electrochemical corrosion (no galvanic corrosion).• No lost of current through the structure.
– Fabrication versatility of FRP allows the geometry, strength, stiffness, and durability characteristics of the member to be tailored for each particular application.
Key features
THE APPLICATIONSTHE APPLICATIONS
BRIDGES
BRIDGES
BRIDGES
BRIDGES
BRIDGES
BRIDGES
OTHERS
APPLICATIONS - CORROSION• PARKING GARAGE.
APPLICATIONS - CORROSION• Offshore Loading Quay (St. Lawrence Seaway)
APPLICATIONS - CORROSION
• Hall’s Harbour Hall’s Harbour (Nova Scotia)(Nova Scotia)
• Water Desalination Inlet – Saudi Arabia
APPLICATIONS - CORROSION
APPLICATIONS - CORROSION• MARINES RAMPS.
APPLICATIONS - CORROSION• MARINES RAMPS.
APPLICATIONS - CORROSION
• CONRETE HIGHWAY MTL 40 KIRKLAND
33
LIFE CYCLE COST
Engineering and evaluation
This portion of the presentation is inspired from the study released by Dr. Gordon Spark ,Ph.D. , P.Ing. (University of Saskatchewan) for ISIS Canada.
34
Four (4) concepts has been studied
Reinforcement Concrete Cover
CONCEPT SUP BOTTOM EXTERNAL TYPE THICKNESS SURFACE MEMBRANE
1 EPOXY EPOXY NONE HP 225mmASPHALTE
90mmYES
2 MMFX-2 MMFX-2 NONE HP 225mmASPHALTE
90mmYES
3GFRP EPOXY STRAP HP 225mm
ASPHALTE 90mm
YES
4 GFRP GFRP STRAP HP 200mm
HIGH DENSITY
CONCRETE 50mm
NO
HP = Haute Performance
35
COMPARAISON OF THE INITIAL COST
1216
1360
1258
1315
1100
1150
1200
1250
1300
1350
1400
1. Époxy surÉpoxy
2. MMFX surMMFX
3. Époxy surpiliers/GFRP
4. GFRP surpiliers/GFRP
PW Cost ($'000)
GFRP CONCEPT IS APPROXIMATELY 0 to 10 % HIGHER 2005
1216
1360
1258
1315
1100
1150
1200
1250
1300
1350
1400
1. Époxy surÉpoxy
2. MMFX surMMFX
3. Époxy surpiliers/GFRP
4. GFRP surpiliers/GFRP
PW Cost ($'000)
36
COMPARAISON OF THE MAINTENANCE AND DEMOLITION
COSTGFRP SOLUTION IS 45 TO 60% LOWER IN COST
1169 1193
891
493
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1. Époxy surÉpoxy
2. MMFX surMMFX
3. Époxy surpiliers/GFRP
4. GFRP surpiliers/GFRP
PW Cost ($'000)
37
ALSO TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE UNCERTAINTY RELATED TO THE USE OF THE DIFFERENT MATERIALS:
THE CONCEPT USING GFRP MAKE OWNERS SAVE UP TO 30% COMPARE TO EPOXY.
2515 2685
2222
1773
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
PW
Co
st (
$'00
0)
1. Époxy surÉpoxy
2. MMFX surMMFX
3. Époxy surpiliers/GFRP
4. GFRP surpiliers/GFRP
Distribution des coûts de cycle de vie utile
CASE STUDY
• TITLE : COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT HIGHWAY TITLE : COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT HIGHWAY BRIDGEDECK REINFORCEMENT DESIGNS.BRIDGEDECK REINFORCEMENT DESIGNS.
• COMPARISON OF INITIAL COST.COMPARISON OF INITIAL COST.
CASE STUDY• There is considerable differences in mechanical
properties of different FRP rebar mainly in their modulus of elasticity.
• Could these differences in the GFRP mechanical properties affect the design of concrete deck slabs?
• Could the design of concrete bridge deck slabs using GFRP bars with superior mechanical properties result in reducing the required reinforcement consequently saving the cost.
• How these design compare to designs made with other so called corrosive resistant material ; galvanized steel and epoxy coated steel.
CASE STUDY
• This study aims to answer these questions by designing a typical slab-on-girder concrete bridge deck using four different types of reinforcement bars with different mechanical properties.
• One recently constructed concrete bridge deck reinforced with FRP bars (Melbourne Bridge) is taken as an example in the design.
• The Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code, CHBDC (CAN/CSA-S6-00, 2000) and the updated version were used to conduct this design (New Code, CHBDC 2005).
CASE STUDY• The bridge is a girder type consisting of four prestressed concrete
girders (Type NETB) continuously supported over three spans with a total length of 89.420 m.
• The deck is a 200-mm thickness concrete slab.
• The deck has overhangs of 1.52 m on each side.
14.00 m
3.52 m
2%
20
0 m
m
2%
3.52 m1.72 m 3.52 m
BA C
1.72 m
D
RESULTS
Bar List for Galvanized Steel.
Configuration of reinforcement
Identification Length (mm) DesignationQuantit
yTotal
Length (m)Price($/m)
Calculated Total Price ($)
As=833,33 mm2/m 15M @ 240mm
D1 11485 15M 864 9923,0 3,64 $ 36 119,87 $
As=1250 mm2/m 15M @ 160mm
D2A 10600 15M 465 4929,0 3,64 $ 17 941,56 $
As=1250 mm2/m 15M @ 160mm
D2B 3650 15M 465 1697,3 3,64 $ 6 177,99 $
As=1250 mm2/m 15M @ 160mm
D2E 8865 15M 543 4813,7 3,64 $ 17 521,85 $
As=1250 mm2/m 15M @ 160mm
D2F 5390 15M 543 2926,8 3,64 $ 10 653,44 $
As=1250 mm2/m 15M @ 160mm
D5 2735 15M 1086 2970,2 3,64 $ 10 811,56 $
27259,965m 99 226,27 $
Bar List for Epoxy coated steel.
Configuration of reinforcement
IdentificationLength (mm)
Designation QuantityTotal Length
(m)Price($/m)
Calculated Total Price ($)
As=833,33 mm2/m 15M @ 240mm
D1 11485 15M 864 9923.0 3.48 $ 34 508.84 $
As=1250 mm2/m 15M @ 160mm
D2A 10600 15M 465 4929.0 3.48 $ 17 141.33 $
As=1250 mm2/m 15M @ 160mm
D2B 3650 15M 465 1697.3 3.48 $ 5 902.44 $
As=1250 mm2/m 15M @ 160mm
D2E 8865 15M 543 4813.7 3.48 $ 16 740.34 $
As=1250 mm2/m 15M @ 160mm
D2F 5390 15M 543 2926.8 3.48 $ 10 178.28 $
As=1250 mm2/m 15M @ 160mm
D5 2735 15M 1086 2970.2 3.48 $ 10 329.34 $
27259,965m 94 800.56 $
RESULTS
Bar List for comparatives Configuration of
reinforcementIdentification
Length (mm)
Designation QuantityTotal Length
(m)Price($/m)
Calculated Total Price ($)
Afrp=1165 mm2/m No16 @
170mmD1 11485 16 1184 13598,24 2,71 $ 36 851,23 $
Afrp=1722 mm2/m No16 @
115mmD2A 13655 16 784 10705,52 2,71 $ 29 011,96 $
Afrp=1722 mm2/m No16 @
115mmD2E 13655 16 784 10705,52 2,71 $ 29 011,96 $
Afrp=861 mm2/m No16 @
230mmD5 3650 16 784 2861,6 2,71 $ 7 754,94 $
37870,88m 102 630,08 $
Bar List for our product.
Configuration of reinforcement
Identification Length (mm)Designati
onQuantity
Total Length (m)
Price($/m)
Calculated Total Price ($)
Afrp=921 mm2/m No16 @
215mmD1 11485 16 928 10658,08 3,23 $ 34 425,60 $
Afrp=1366 mm2/m No16 @
145mmD2A 13655 16 621 8479,755 3,23 $ 27 389,61 $
Afrp=1366 mm2/m No16 @
145mmD2E 13655 16 621 8479,755 3,23 $ 27 389,61 $
Afrp=683 mm2/m No16 @
290mmD5 3650 16 621 2266,65 3,23 $ 7 321,28 $
29884,24m 96 526,10 $
INITIAL COST COMPARISON
Rebar type Quantity (m) Initial Cost ($)
Galvanized steel 27 260 99 226
Epoxy coated steel 27260 94 801
Our Product 29 884 96 526
CASE STUDY
• TITLE : COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT DESIGNSTITLE : COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT DESIGNSSEAWALL SLAB REINFORCEMENT.SEAWALL SLAB REINFORCEMENT.
• COMPARISON OF INITIAL COST.COMPARISON OF INITIAL COST.
CASE STUDY
• This study aims at comparing design differences for a seawall slab with different types of reinforcement bars.
• It uses a slab design we recently worked on as an example.
• The ISIS Canada Guidelines as well as the CAN/CSA-S806 Code were used to conduct this design.
RESULTS
A
B
C
Bar List of a slab reinforced with Stainless Steel.
Configuration ID Length (mm) Designation QtyTotal length
(m)Price($/m)
Total per item($)
15M STIRRUPS A 1450 15M 90 130.5 $ 16.89 $ 2 204.15
15M @ 4000mm B 4000 15M 90 360.0 $ 16.89 $ 6 080.40
15M @ 8150mm C 8150 15M 34 277.1 $ 16.89 $ 4 680.22
767.6 m$ 12 964.77
RESULTS
A
B
C
Bar List of a slab reinforced with STANDARD V-ROD.
Configuration ID Length (mm) Designation QtyTotal length
(m)Price($/m)
Total per item($)
15M STIRRUPS A 1450 16 152 220.4$ 2.71+ bend
$ 1 053.36
15M @ 4000mm B 4000 16 150 600.0 $ 2.71 $ 1 626.00
15M @ 8150mm C 8150 16 76 619.4 $ 2.71 $ 1 678.57
1 439.8m$ 4 357.93
A
BC
RESULTS
A
B
C
Bar List of a slab reinforced with V-ROD HM.
Configuration ID Length (mm) Designation QtyTotal length
(m)Price($/m)
Total per item($)
15M STIRRUPS A 1450 16 92 133.4$ 2.71+ bend
$ 637.51
15M @ 4000mm B 4000 16HM 90 360.0 $ 3.23 $ 1 162.80
15M @ 8150mm C 8150 16HM 46 374.9 $ 3.23 $ 1 210.93
868.3m$ 3 011.24
A
BC
A
B C
INITIAL COST COMPARISON
Rebar type Quantity (m) Initial Cost ($)
Stainless Steel 767.6 12 965
V-ROD HM 868.3 3 011
CONCLUSION
• Codes are available:
• Design guides are available:
• Certification of FRP rebar is available (Can & USA).• Competitive solution against corrosion.
CSA S806-
02
CHBDC 2000
ISIS 2001
ACI 440.1R-
01