bt pronunciation

8/15/2019 BT Pronunciation

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Pronu n c i a ti on Sound Files

for the

Guide and Index to

G.I. Gurdjieff ’s

Beelzebub’s Tales to His Grandson

In response to many requests for help in pronouncing certain words in Be el zebu b’s Ta le s , the edi tors of the second ed i ti on of the Guide and Ind ex to G.I.Gu rd j i ef f’s “ Be el zebu b’s Tales to H is Gra n d so n” (Toron to : Trad iti onal Stud ie sPre s s , ) devel oped a ‘ Pronu n c i a ti on Gu i de’ a ppendix inclu ded in thatp u bl ic ati on . The majority of the words for wh ich pronu n ci a tion is sugges tedwere invented by Gu rd j i ef f , but some are unu sual English words and othersord in ary foreign words .

As work progressed on the creation of the Pronunciation Guide, recordings

were sought out or commissioned to assist in the process of arriving at recom-mended pronunciations. It gradually became clear that these recordings con-stituted a valuable companion to the Pronunciation Guide printed in the Guide and Index , and they are now presented in this cd r o m.

s o u n d r ec o r d i n g s

The Pronunciation Guide from the Guide and Index has been reproduced inpdf format on this c d r o m. The voices of se ve n different speakers are presentas linked ‘wav’ format files and appear with the designations listed below. Sim-ply click on the designation to play the sound file.

On many occ a s i on s , four of the seven recorded speakers were pre s ent atreadi ngs of Beelzebub’s Tales in English or French attended by Gurd jieff. Two of these four are fluent in Russian.(One reports that,in the French readings, only Mme de Salzmann was able to pronou nce the words to Gurd jieff’s satisfac-tion.) The remaining three speakers never met Gurdjieff.One, who spoke bothArmenian and Persian as the languages of his childhood and education, givespronunciations for words that clearly have their origins in those languages.Theother two speakers fill in when a suitable recording was not available.

For most of the words with variations in spelling, two or more recordingsa re given, accom p a n ied by an exp l a n a tory note. In cases wh ere the Engl i s h


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seems clearly to be in error, the recommended pronunciation may match theRussian spelling.

This c d r o m has been designed to be used on a computer rather than an

audio cd player because of the track limitations of audio cd players.The recordings (unedited for ambient sound) were made between and

in a va ri ety of in formal set ti n gs and with different types of recordingequipment.

Questions as well as comments and suggestions for improvement may besent to the editors at: [email protected].

a n o t e o n a c c e n t s

Al t h o u gh it is our goal to come close to Gu rd j i ef f ’s pronu n c i a ti on of h i sinvented words, each speaker who attempts the pronunciation comes to thistask with his own languages. For example, speakers who do not have Armen-ian as a mother tongue will have difficulty with Armenian consonants that donot exist in their own mother tongue. It must also be recognized that even withl et ters familiar to the spe a ker, su btle va ri a ti ons exist from one language toanother—the letter ‘t’, for example, has quite different realizations in Armenian,Russian, English and German. Similar variations exist for most other conso-nants and vowels.

d e s i g n a t i o n o f s pe a k e r s

Œ a speaker who knows Russian as well as French and English and heard all theinvented words spoken repeatedly by Gurd jieff himself • a speaker who read Beelzebub’s Tales aloud in Gurd jieff ’s presence on numer-ous occasions and had the benefit of his correctionsŽ a speaker fluent in English and German who worked on the German transla-tion under Gurd jieff ’s direction a speaker who grew up speaking Russian and was present over a period of many years at readings of the book in French by Mme de Salzmann, some of

which were attended also by Gurd jieff an English speaker for cases when no suitable recording was available fromeitherŒ or• orŽ‘ a speaker fluent in English and Slovenian’ a speaker fluent in Armenian and Persian (as well as English and French) whogives a flavour of how such a speaker would view and pronounce the words; insome cases, his pronunciation matches the Russian spelling

2


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su pp l em en t a r y mat er i a l

In the process of recording the pronunciation of individual words, a number of

conversations took place on related topics. Some of this material seemed worthy of wider distribution and is provided here.

pr i n t e d pr o n u n c i at i o n

ReadersŒ and• report that Gurd jieff was insistent that the invented words bepronounced accurately and with the appropriate intonation.Given his injunc-tion to read Beelzebub’s Tales “as if you were reading aloud to another person”,we have made it our goal to come as close as possible—within the repertoire of E n glish sounds—to the way Gu rd j i ef f would have wanted these words pro-nounced.

Over the years, various elements have contributed to our understanding of the pronunciation of the invented word s ,i n cluding, for example,consultations

3

Anecdotal material:

Difficulties for English speakersŒGurd jieff and languageŒGurd jieff ’s pronunciation

(with abdest as an example)Œ

No foolingŒReading with respect•

Pronunciation help:

Abdil vs ahbdeelŒAuto vs avtoŒDouble ‘o’ Œ

‘khr’ being correctedŒ

‘gh’ and ‘kh’’Gurd jieff’s nameŒGurd jieff ’s name•‘kh’ being correctedŒ‘kh’demonstrationŒ‘kh’ sound in AhoonŒpartly translated wordsŒ

Russian sound yeriŒRussian wet ‘l’ŒStressŒWords ending in ‘ian’Œ

Specific words:

Again-TarnotoltoorŒAieioiuoaŒAkhaldan•AlmsnoshinooŒ

BeelzebubŒConscience in Armenian’Dglozidzi’DionoskŒHanbledzoinŒHariton’HeropassŒ

Heropass•

KatoshikihydoorakiŒKhaboor-ChooboorŒKing-Two-Toes•KundabufferŒLegominismŒLentrohamsanin•Looisos•

Madame de Salzmann•Martaadamlik’OrthodoxhydoorakiŒPartk in Partkdolg-duty’


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with people who knew Gurdjieff and heard Beelzebub’s Tales read aloud in hispresence. In addition, when we have been able to ascertain the etymology of these words, their origins have influenced our suggested pronunciations. This

project remains a work in progress and represents our current understanding.The phonetic version of the pronunciation given in this appendix is the pro-

nunciation we recommend on the basis of all of our research to date; it doesnot always match that used by the various readers.

In some instance s ,s pelling variations have compelled us to provide more thanone pronunciation. Whenever possible, we have included explanatory notes onthese variations. For example,when English translations of Be el zebub’s Tales wereoriginally prepared, the transcription of certain words from Cyrillic letters to

Roman letters was in some cases inconsistent; the Russian letter ‘ц’, for instance,which has the sound [t s], was sometimes rendered by ‘z’, sometimes by ‘tz’ andsometimes by ‘ts’.

c o n v e n t i on s

English components of words are pronounced in English; for example, ‘duty ’i n‘Partkdolg-duty’ or ‘aim’ in ‘Aimnophnian’.

Stressed syllables are underlined, as in ‘Aisorian’ [ai-sor-ee-ăn].L i ga tu res are used wh en a single sound is repre s en ted by two let ters ; for

example, [ts], as in ‘Inkozarno’ [eenk-o,-tsahr-no].A comma within a suggested pronunciation indicates a slight pause during

the pronunciation of the word; for example,‘Aiësakhaldan’ [a i-és,-a h-k hl-da hn].A bar over a letter indicates that it is to be pronounced with double dura-

tion, for example, [sāz].Grey type is used to identify text and page numbers from the 1992 edition.Sound buttons in brackets, such as {Œ}, contain additional material.

pr o n u n c i a t i o n k e y

The Pronunciation Key shows the letters we have chosen to represent the pro-

nu n c i a ti on . Th ey are inten ded to be intu i tive for a native English spe a ker.Although we have avoided using unfamiliar symbols such as those of the Inter-national Phonetic Alphabet (IPA),we have used accent marks above letters todifferentiate certain sounds. We have also included the symbol called ‘schwa’ (ə)

4

Tra nscription means the rendering of sounds in one language using the letters of another lan-

guage. Transliteration is a letter-by-letter replacement of the letters of one language with the

letters of another language regardless of pronunciation. Translation is the rendering in one

language of the meaning of another.


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obsolete after the Russian Revolution of . (More informati on on fita can befound under ‘Theomertmalogos’ further on in this appendix.)

The second is that Cyrillic has no letter to represent the sound of the Eng-

lish ‘h’ ( a sound that occurs in Armenian), while English has no single letter forthe sound we are representing by ‘kh’.

c y r i l l i c - t o - r o ma n t a bl e

The transcription below has been adapted to the purposes of the present work,since our goal is suitable English pronunciation.Readers unfamiliar with Russ-

ian would need to consult a book on Russian phonetics to understand how theCyrillic letters are spoken in Russian.

6

А а a

Б б bВ в v

Г г g

Д д d

Е е e

Ё ё e

Ж ж zh

З з z

И и iЙ й i

К к k

Л л l

М м m

Н н n

О о o

П п p

Р р r

С с sТ т t

У у u

Ф ф f

Х х kh

Ц ц ts

Ч ч ch

Ш ш sh

Щ щ shchЪ ъ –

Ы ы y

Ь ь –

Э э e

Ю ю yu

Я я ya

¬ √ th

Cyrillic Roman Cyrillic Roman

Upper & Lower Transcription Upper & Lower Transcription

The Cyrillic letters ‘г’ (g) and ‘х ’ (kh) are sometimes used in Russian to represent the soundof ‘h’ as used in languages such as English and Armenian since the Russian Cyrillic alphabet

lacks a letter for ‘h’, a sound that does not occur in the Russian language.When such words are

read in Russian,however, the letters are likely to be given their usual values so that, for exam-

ple, ‘hydro’, transcribed into Russian as ‘гидро’, would be pronounced ‘geedro’. In the edition, the letter ‘z’ was often used to transcribe this letter because one of the

original translators had a German background and ‘z’is pronounced ‘ts’ in that language and

is, in addition, commonly regarded to have that value in many European contexts.


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Abdest abdastабдест[ahb-dĕst]•’ or [āb-dahst]

AbdilАбдил[ahb-deel]•

AbrustdonisАбрустдонис[ah-broost-don-ees]•’

Absoizomosa

Абсоизомоса[ahb-so-ee-zo-mo-sah]•

actavus actavasaктавас[ahk-tah-vŭs]•

AdashsikraАдашсикра[ah-dahsh,-see-krah]•

AdashtanasАдаштанас[ah-dahsh,-tah-nahs]•

Adiatадят[ah-dyaht]’The text refers to the words ‘ad i a t’ a n d

‘h a i d i a’ as altern a te words for ‘f a s h i on’(689 631). The Arabic word `adah , mean-ing ‘f a s h i on’ or ‘c u s tom’ has been ren-dered as h a i d i a. The Tu rkish word a d et and the Persian word adat , also meaning‘fashion’, are rendered as adiat .

AdossiaАдоссия

[ah-do-see-ah]•Ž

AfalkalnaАфалькальна[ah-fahl-kahl-nah]•The spelling ‘Afalkalno’, which appears onp a ges 5 1 7 and 5 1 9 of the ed i ti on ,appears to be a typographic error.

Again-Tarnotoltoor retarnotoltoorопятьтарнотолтур[ă-ĕn, tahr-no-tol-toor]• or

[rĕ-tahr-no-tol-toor]•

A direct transcription from Russian wouldbe ‘opyat-tarnotoltoor’; opyat means ‘again’.

Agoorokhrostiny agoorokhrostiniАгурохростини[ah-oo-ro,-khros-tee-nee]Œ

Ahoon or AkhoonАхун

[ah-khoon]Œ•Ž

AieioiuoaАиеиоиуоа[ah-ee,-é-ee,-o-ee,-oo-o-ah]•

Aiësakhaldan aiëssakhladonnАиесахладон’[ai-és,-ah-khl-dahn]•

The edi ti on uses the spelling ‘Ai s-akhladon’ on page 727.

AiëssirittoorassnianАиесиритурасный[ai-ĕs,-see-reet,-toor-ahs-nee-ăn]•’

AimnophnianЦельнофний[eim-nof-nee-ăn]•The first syllable ‘aim’ is a direct transla-ti on of the first syll a ble t sel in ‘Ts el-nofnian’ from the Russian text.

AisorianАйсорский[ai-sor-ee-ăn]•’ [Aisor]

Akhaldan Akhldann

Ахлдан[ah-khl-dahn]•

Akhaldan sovorsАхлдансоворы[ah-khl-dahn, so-vors]•

AkhaldanfokhsovorsАхлданфохсоворы

[ah-khl-dahn, fokh-so-vors]Œ‘

Abdest 7 Akhaldanfokhsovors


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AkhaldangezpoodjnisovorsАхлдангезпааджисоворы‘[a h-k hl-da hn, ĕz-po-oj-ne e-so-vors]

AkhaldanharnosovorsАхлданхарносоворы[ah-khl-dahn, khar-no-so-vors]•‘

AkhaldanmetrosovorsАхлданметросоворы[ah-khl-dahn, mé-tro-so-vors]•

Akhaldanmistessovors

Ахлданмистессоворы[ah-khl-dahn, mees-tĕs-so-vors]Œ

AkhaldanpsychosovorsАхлданпсихосоворы[ah-khl-dahn, psee-kho-so-vors]Œ‘

AkhaldanstrassovorsАхлданстрасоворы[ah-khl-dahn, stra-so-vors]•

Akhoonsee a h oon

Aklonoatistitchianаклоноатистический[ahk-lo-no,-ah-tees-teech-ee-ăn]•

Aksharpanziar Aksharpantziar

Акшарпанциар[ahk-shahr,-pahn-tsee-ahr]Œ•’

AlgamatantАлгематант[ahl-ah-mah-tahnt]Ž

AliamizoornakaluАлямизурнакалу [ah-lya-mee-zoor-nah-kah-loo]‘’

AlilАлил[ah-leel]•

AlillonofarabАлиллонофараб[ah-leel-lo-no-fah-rahb]•

AlimanАлиман[ah-lee-mahn]•

AlizarinАлизарин[ă-li-zə-rin]see Appendix II: Background Notes

Alla-attapanАллаатапан[ahl-lah-ah-tah-pahn]Œ•’

Alla Ek Linakh Alla Ek LinokhaАлла-Эк-Линах [ahl-lah,-ĕk,-lee-nokh]’The varia tions in spelling might best beresolved as Alla-Ek-Linokh.The edi-tion has mistakenly carried over the geni-tive case ending -a from Russian.

Almacornian

альмаурный[ahl-mah-kor-nee-ăn]• or[ahl-mah-oor-nee-ăn]ŒA direct tra n s c ri pti on from Ru s s i a nwould be ‘Al m a oorn i a n’. It appe a rs thatthe first ‘o’ was mistranscribed in Englishas a ‘c’.

Almuano

see el m ooa rn oThe English spelling ‘Al mu a n o’, wh i cha ppe a rs on ly on page 1 0 0 6 of the edition, arises from an error in the Russ-ian manu s c ri pt . The correct spelling is‘Elmooarno’.

Almznoshinoo almtznoshinooАлмцношину

[ahlmts-no,-shee-noo]Œ•

AlnatoorornianАльнатурорный[ahl-nah-too-ror-nee-ăn]•

AlnepoosianАльнепусный[ahl-né-poo-see-ăn]•

Akhaldangezpoodjnisovors 8 Alnepoosian


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Alnokhoorian alnokoorianaльнокурныйŒ[ahl-no-koor-ee-ăn]

A direct tra n s c ri pti on from Ru s s i a nwould be ‘Al nokoornian’.‘ All ed i tion sother than the edition use ‘k’ ratherthan ‘kh’ in this word.

AlstoozoriАльтузори[ahls-too-zo-ree]• or [ahl-too-zo-ree]A direct tra n s c ri pti on from Ru s s i a n

would be ‘Altoozori’.Œ

Amambakhlootr AmambakhlutrАмамбахлутр[ah-mahm-bahkh-lootr]Œ

Amarhoodan amarkhoodanАмархудан[ah-mahr-khoo-dahn]’A direct tra n s c ri pti on from Ru s s i a n

would be ‘Amarkhoodan’.

AmarloosАмарлус[ah-mahr-loos]’

AmenzanoАменцано[ah-mén-tsah-no]’

AmersamarskanapaamersamarskanaraАмерсамарсканара[ah-mĕr-sah-mahr-skah-nah-rah]•‘Am ers a m a rs k a n a p a’ was tra n s c ri bedincorrectly from Russian in the edi-tion. It should end in ‘ra’.

Amskomoutator ams-commutatorАмскомутатор[a hms,-kom-oo-tah-tor]Œ or[ahms,-kawm-yoo-tei-tŭr]A more usual spelling for ‘commutator’isused in the edition.

anashaанаша[ah-nah-shah]•

AnkladАнклад[ahn-klahd]Ž‘

AnodnatiousАноднатиус[ah-nod-naht-ee-oos]Œ or[ah-nod-nei-shyŭs]•

Anoklinismаноклинизм[ah-nok-leen-izm]•

Anooliossee a nu l i o s

AnoroparionikimaАноропарионикима[ah-no-ro,-pah-ree-o-nee-kee-mah]•

AnsanbaluiazarАнсанбалуиазар[ahn-sahn,-bahl-oo-ee-ah-zahr]Œ•The variant spelling ‘Ansabaluiazar’appearsonly on page 756 of the edition.

Ansapalnianансапальный[ahn-sah-pahl-nee-ăn]•

AntkooanoАнткуано

[ahnt-koo-ahn-o]Œ

Anulios or AnooliosАнулиос[ah-noo-lee-os]•ŽBoth spellings occur in the edition;in the edition only ‘Anulios’ is used.

Appolis

Апполис[ah-po-lees]•

Arachiaplnish arachiaplmishАрачияплмыш[ah-rah-chee,-yahpl-mish]’A direct tra n s c ri pti on from Ru s s i a nwould be ‘Arach iya p l mys h’. The ‘ - n i s h’,ra t h er than ‘ - m i s h’, in the ed i ti on

appears to be an error.

Alnokhoorian 9 Arachiaplnish


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ArgueniaАргения[ahr-én-ee-yah]•

A direct transcription from Russian wouldbe ‘Argenia’. The use of the spelling ‘gu’ inthe edition is likely intended to indi-cate that the ‘g’is to be pronounced hard asin ‘get’ and not as ‘ j’ in words such as ‘agile’.

ArhooniloАрхунило[ahr-khoo-nee-lo]•

Armanatoora ArmanatoorgaАрманатурга[ahr-mahn-ah-toor-ah]•A direct transcription from Russian wouldbe ‘Armanatoorga’; the spelling couldbe an error of transcription.

Arostodesokh arostodossokhАростодесох

[ah-ros-to-dĕ-sokh]•’The direct tra n s c ri pti on from Ru s s i a nwould be ‘Arostodesokh’.

AshagiprotoëharyАшагыпротоэхари[ah-shah-ə,-pro-to,-é-khah-ree]•

Ashhana ashkhana

ашхана‘

[ahsh-khah-nah]Œ

Ashhark Ашхарх [ahsh-shahrk]Œ•A direct tra n s c ri pti on from Ru s s i a nwould be ‘Ashkharkh’.‘

Ashiata ShiemashАшиата Шиемаш[ah-shee-ah-tah shee-ĕ-mahsh]•Ž

AsimanАсиман[ah-see-mahn]•’

AskalnooazarАскальнуазар

[ahs-kahl,-noo-ah-zahr]•

AsklaianАсклайский[ahs-klai-ăn]•

AsklayАсклаец[ahs-klai]

AskokinАскокин[ahs-ko-keen]Ž’

Asoochilon

Асуаилон[a h-so o-che e-lon]• or [a h-so o-a i-lon]ŒA direct tra n s c ri pti on from Ru s s i a nwould be ‘Asooailon’.

Assadulla Ibrahim OglyАссадула Ибрагим ОглыŒ[as-sa-doo-la eeb-ra-heem oh-loo]•The Tu rkish word o gh ly , pron oun ced

[ o-l o o], means ‘s on’ ; h en ce As s adu llaIbrahim Ogly is Assadula, the son of Ibra-him (Abra ham). The Tu rkish let ter ‘ğ’( often ren dered phonetica lly as ‘gh’) isheard in many words only as a lengtheningof the preceding vowel in modern Turkish;in Gurd jieff’s time in Eastern Turkey thisconsonant would more usually be renderedas ‘gh’. A Russian reading from the Cyrillic

however would say [o-le e].

AssooparatsataАсупарацата[ah-soop-ahrr-aht-sah-tah]Ž’

Astralnomonian astralnomianАстральномонный[ah-strahl-no-mon-ee-ăn]•

Astroluolucizoin astroluolucizoînАстрололусизоин[ahs-tro,-loo-o,-loo-see,-zo-een]• or[ahs-tro-lo,-loo-see,-zo-een]’A direct tra n s c ri pti on from Ru s s i a nwould be ‘Astrololusizoin’.

AstrosovorsАстросоворы

[ahs-tro-so-vors]•

Arguenia 10 Astrosovors


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Asvatz-Troov, Hadji-Асвац-Трув, Хаджи-[ahs-vahts, troov, hah-jee]Œ’

AtarnakhАтарнах [ah-tahr-nahkh]•

Ateshkaini ateshkaïnатешкайни‘[ah-tĕsh-kai-nee]•’ or[ah-tĕsh-kah-een]

AutoegocratАвтоэгократ[aw-to-ee-o-krăt]•Ž

AutokoliziknersАвтоколицикнеры[aw-to-ko-lee-tseek-nérs]•

AvazlinАвазлин

[ah-vahz-leen]•

bagooshi baigooshiбайгуши[bai-oo-shee]A direct tra n s c ri pti on from Ru s s i a nwould be ‘baigooshi’.

Bairam

Байрам[bai-rahm]’

BalakhaniraБалаханира[bah-lah-khah-nee-rah]•

BaleaootoБалеауто

[bah-lé-ah-oo-to]Œ•

bastourmaбастурма[bah-stoor-mah]Œ

BeelzebubВельзевулŒ[bé-ĕl-zə-bŭb]•A direct transcription from Russian would

be ‘Velzevool’.see Appendix II: Background Notes

Belcultassi

БелькюльтассиŒ[bĕl-kŭl-tahs-see]•A direct tra n s c ri pti on from Ru s s i a nwould be ‘Belkyultassi’.

Berdichev Бердичев[byĕr-dee-chĕf]

BlagonoorarirnianблагонуарирныйŒ[blah-o-noor-ah-reer-nee-ăn]• or[blah-o-noo-ah-reer-nee-ăn]A direct tra n s c ri pti on from Ru s s i a nwould be ‘blagonooarirnian’.

BlastegoklornianпластегоклорныйŒ

[blahs-té-o,-klor-nee-ăn]•A direct transcription from Russianwould be ‘plasteglokornian’

Bliss-stokirnoблагостокирно[blis-sto-keer-no]•ŽA direct tra n s c ri pti on from Ru s s i a nwould be ‘blagostokirno’. ‘Bliss’ is a trans-

lation of the Russian blago.

Bobbin-kandelnost bobbinkandelnostКатушкокандельностьŒ[baw-bin,-kahn-dĕl-nawst]•A direct transcription from Russian wouldbe ‘ Ka too s h ko k a n del n o s t’. ‘ Bobbi n’ is atranslation of the Russian katooshko.

BoccaccioБоккаччо[bo-kah-cho]

Bogga-Eddin, Hadji-Zephir-see zeph i r- bogga - ed d i n , h ad j i -

Bokhara BukharaБухара[bo-khah-rah]’

Asvatz-Troov, Hadji 11 Bokhara


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Bokharian BukharianБухарский[bo-khahr-ee-ăn]’

Boolmarshanoбульмаршано[bool-mahr-shah-no]•

Boordook бурдюкŒ[boor-dyook]•’

Bukhara

see bo k h a ra

Cagniard de la Toursee cogna r- de - la - to u r

CaninesonКузькин-СынŒ[kei-nain-sŭn]•A direct tra n s c ri pti on from Ru s s i a n

would be ‘Kooskin-Syn’.

Caravanseray караван-сарай[kă-ră-văn-să-rai]•The form ‘caravansaries’ appears on page393 of the edition.

Cathodnatious

Катоднатиус[kă-tod,-naht-ee-oos] or[kă-thod,-nei-shŭs]•

centrotinoцентротино[sĕn-tro-tee-no]•

Cevorksikra

see gevorgs i k ra

Chai-YooЧай-Ю[chai-yoo]•

Chaihanaчайхана[chai-khah-nah]•

ChainonizironnessцепнонизированностьŒ[chein-o-nee-zeer-o-nĕs]•

see Appendix II: Background NotesChaklaчакла[chahk-lah]•

Chaldeanхалдейский[kahl-dee-ăn]

Chaltandrчал-тандр[chahl,-tahn-dr]•

chambardakhчамбардах [chahm-bahr-dahkh]Œ‘

Chami-anianчамиананский

[chahm-ee-ahn-ee-ăn]•

Champarnakhчампарнах [chahm-pahr-nahkh]•

CharcotШарко[shahr-ko]

Cheshmaчешмя[chésh-mah]•

ChiklaralЧиклараль[cheek-lah-rahl]•

Chiltoonakhчильтунах [cheel-too-nahkh]•

chinkrooariesчинкруари[cheen-kroo-ahr-ees]•

Chirmanчирман

[cheer-mahn]•

Bokharian 12 Chirman


13/46

Chirnianoчирниано[cheer-nee-ah-no]•

ChirnooanovoЧирнуаново[cheer-noo-ah-no-vo]•

Choon-Kil-TezЧун-Киль-Тез[choon-keel-tĕs]Œ•

Choon-Tro-Pel

Чун-Тро-Пел[choon-tro-pĕl]Œ•

choongaryчунгари[choon-ah-ree]•

Choortetev choorteteff чуртетеве[choor-tĕ-tĕv]’The final consonant in the English rendi-tions should be ‘v’ not ‘f ’.

Choot-God-litanical chootboglitanicalЧутбогглитанический[choot,-ahd,-li-tăn-i-kəl]• or[choot,-bah,-li-tăn-i-kəl]In the trans cription of the term ‘Ch oo t-boglitanical’, the Russian word bog ,whichmeans ‘God’, has been left untranslated inthe edition as in the French edition;in the edition, however, it has beentranslated.

Chooznaчузна[chooz-nah]•

Chopinings ChopinsШопениненный[sho-păn-inz]

Chorortdiapan tchorordiapanЧорордяпан[cho-rort-dee-ah-pahn]’

Chrkhrta-Zoorrt tchoort-zoo-oort

Чхрта-Зууррт[chr-khr-tah-zoort]Œ•

The term in the Fren ch ed i ti on is‘Diââble-zou-ourt’.

ciceroneчичероне[chi-chə-ron-é]

Cinchonaхинный[sinkonə]

cinque-contra-unoчинкуе-контра-уно

[cheen-kwé,-kon-trah,-oo-no]ŒCognar-de-la-TourCagniard de la TourКоньяр-де-ла-ТурŒ[kah-nyahr-dĕ-lah-toor]ŒThe spelling of the name of the Fren chengineer, Charles Cagniard de la Tour, iscorrect in the edition. The spelling

in the edition resulted from a directtranscription of the name from the Russ-ian text.

Daimonion

[dhei-mo-nee-on]

Daivibrizkar DeivibritzkarДейвибрицкар

[dei-vee,-breets-kahr]•A direct tra n s c ri pti on from Ru s s i a nwould be ‘Deivibritskar’.

Darthelhlustnian dartkhelkhloostnianдартхельхлюстный’[dahrt-khélk-loost-nee-ăn]In the French edition this word is spelled‘dartkhelkloustnien’.

Davlaksheriansee t em po - davl a k s h e r i a n

DefterocosmosDeuterocosmosДевтерокосмос[de f́-té-ro,-kawz-mos]Œ• or[dyoo-té-ro,-kawz-mos]•‘Defterocosmos’ is Greek for ‘second cos-

mos’. The spelling ‘deftero’ corresponds to

Chirniano 13 Defterocosmos


14/46

the modern Greek pronunciation and tothe Russian. The spelling ‘deutero’matchesthe English form (derived from the classi-

cal Greek pronunciation), which is used inthe title of the Book of Deuteronomy inthe Bible.

Defteroëhary deuteroëharyДевтероэхари[déf-té-ro,-é-khah-ree]Œ• or[dyoo-té-ro,-é-khah-ree]

Degindad

Дегиндад[dé-een-dahd]•’

Delta

[dhĕl-tah]The pronunciation we suggest for the nameof the Greek letter delta corresponds tomodern Greek. It also reflects the commen-

tary on theta and delta on page 499 of the edition and is presumably the pronun-ciation Gurd jieff would have used.

Deivivritzkarsee da iv i br i z ka r

DemisakhsakhsaДемисахсахса[dĕ-mee-sakh-sakh-sah]’

DesagroanskradДезагроанскрад[dĕ-zah-ro-ahn-skrahd]•

DeskaldinoДескальдиноŒ[dĕs-kahl-dee-no]•

Deutero

see d ef t er o

Devd’el Kascho dezjelkashehДезжелкаще[dĕv-dĕl-kah-sho]• or[dĕz-zhĕl-kah-shché]ŒA direct tra n s c ri pti on from Ru s s i a nwould be ‘Dez-zhelkashcheh’.

DezonakooasanzДезонакуасанц[dé -zo-nah-koo-ah-sahnts]•

Dezsoopsentozirosodezsoopsentozirossoдезсупсентозиросо[dĕz-soop,-sĕn-to,-zee-ro-so]

Dglozдглоз[də-loz]Œ

Dglozidziдглози-дзи[də-loz-i,-dzee]Œ‘ D gl oz i d z i ’ ’ means that the hors ebel on gs to a va ga bon d ; ‘d gl ozd z i ’ ’means that the horse itself is vagabond.

Dianosk see d i on o s k

Diapharonдиафарон[dee-ah-fah-ron]•

Diardookin diardookinoдярдукино[dyar-doo-keen]• or[dyar-doo-kee-no]Œ

DimtzoneeroДымцониро[dim-tso-nee-ro]

Dionosk orDianosk дионоск[dee-ah-nosk]Œ•The ed i ti on , and the Fren ch andGerman editions, use only ‘Dianosk’.

DisputekrialnianспорокриальныйŒ[dis-pyoot-kree-ahl-nee-ăn]•

DjamdjampalЖамджампал[zhahm-jahm-pahl]’A direct tra n s c ri pti on from Ru s s i a n

would be ‘Zhamjampal’.

Defterocosmos 14 Djamdjampal


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Djameechoonatraджамичунатр[jahm-ee-choo-nah-trah]•

A direct tra n s c ri pti on from Ru s s i a nwould be ‘jamichoonatr’.

Djamtesternokhiжамтестернохи[zhahm-tĕs-tĕr-no-khee]’A direct tra n s c ri pti on from Ru s s i a nwould be ‘zhamtesternokhi’.

Djartklom

Джартклом[jahrt-klom]Œ

DjedjimДжеджим[jĕ-jeem]’

Djerymetly Джериметли

[jĕr-ee,-mĕt-lee]•

DjoolfapalДжульфапал[jool-fah-pahl]•

Dooczako doostzakosДусцако[doos-tsah-ko]’

DoonyashaДуняша[doon-yah-shah]•

Doosico douzikoдузико[doo-zee-ko]Œ

Dukhanдухан[doo-khahn]•

Dynamoumzoin dynamoomzoinДинамоумзоин[dai-nă-mo,-oom-zo-een]•

dzedzatzshoon dzedzatshoonдзеддзацшун

[dzĕd-dzahts,-shoon]’

A direct transcription from Russian wouldbe ‘dzeddzatsshoon’, which matches moreclosely the pronunciation of what is actu-

ally two words in the original Armenian.DzendvokhДзендвох [dzĕn-də-voh]’

Dziдзи[dzee]Œ•’

Eddin, Hadji-Zephir-Bogga-see zeph i r- bogga - ed d i n , h ad j i-

Eddin, Mullah Nassrsee nassr ed d i n , mu lla h

Egoaitoorassiansee e s s oa i eri tooras s n i a n

EgokoolnatsnarnianЭгокульнацнарный[ee-o,-kool-nahts-nahr-nee-ăn]•

Egolionopty Эголионопти[ee-o-lee-on-op-tee]Œ•

Egoplastikoori or ego-plastikuriЭгопластикури[ee-o,-plahs-tee-koo-ree]•

Ekbarzerbaziaэкзацербация‘[ĕk-bahr-tsér-bah-tsee-ah]•see Appendix II: Background Notes

ekhэх

[ĕkh]Œ•

Eknokhэкнох [ĕk-nokh]•

El Koona NassaЭль-Куна-Наса[ĕl-koo-nah,-nah-sah]•

Djameechoonatra 15 El Koona Nassa


16/46

ElekilpomagtistzenЭлекильпомагтистцен[ĕl-ĕ-keel,-po-mah-teest-tsen]Œ

A direct tra n s c ri pti on from Ru s s i a nwould be ‘Elekilpomagtisttsen’.

Elmooarno or AlmuanoЭльмуарно[ĕl-moo-ahr-no]•The English spelling ‘Al mu a n o’, wh i cha ppe a rs on ly on page 1006 of the edition, arises from an error in the Russ-

ian manu s c ri pt . The correct spelling is‘Elmooarno’.

Elnapara kilnaparaкильнапараŒ[ĕl-nah-pah-rah]• or[keel-nah-pah-rah]•All editions other than the Engl i s hed i ti on ,i n cluding the Russian, use ‘Kilna-para’.

emirэмир[ĕm-eer]Œ

Emptykralnian emptycranianпустокральныйŒ[ĕmp-tee,-krahl-nee-ăn]•A direct tra n s c ri pti on from Ru s s i a n

would be ‘poos tok ral nian’. Poosto mea ns[to become] empty.

EphrosiniaЕвфросинья[ĕf-ro-seen-ee-ah]•

Epodrenekh hippodrenekakhиподренех Œ

[ĕ-po-drĕn-ĕkh]

or[hi-po-drĕn-ĕ-kahkh]A direct tra n s c ri pti on from Ru s s i a nwould be ‘eepodrenekh’.

Epsi-Noora-ChakaЭквси-Нура-Чака[ĕk-vsee-noo-rah-cha-kah]ŒAll published editions except the Russian

edition contain an error in the Georgianword for ‘s i x ’, wh i ch should be(ekvsi) instead of epsi.

Epsi-Pikan-OnЭквси-Пикан-Он[ĕk-vsee-pee-kahn-on]Œ

ErkrordiapanЕркрордяпан[yérk-ror-dee-ah-pahn]•’

Erordiapan

Ерордяпан[yé-ror-dee-ah-pahn]•’

Erti-Noora-ChakaЭрти-Нура-Чака[ér-tee,-noo-rah-chah-kah]•

Erti-Pikan-OnЭрти-Пикан-Он[ér-tee,-pee-kahn-on]•

Esai Noorasee i s s i - n oora

Essoaieritoorassnian orEgoaitoorassianЕсоаиеритурасний or Егоайтурасный[ĕ-so,-ai-é-ree,-toor-ahs-nee-ăn]

[ee-o,-ai-toor-ahs-ee-ăn]•These similar terms occur only once eachin Be el zebu b’s Ta l e s. The ed i ti onmatches the Russian, as shown above. Inthe French translation and the edi-tion,however, both terms have been ren-dered as Egoaitoorassian.

etherogram

эфирограмма[ee-theer-o-ram]•

Etherokrilno ethernokrilnoЭфирнокрильноŒ[ee-theer-o-kreel-no]•A direct tra n s c ri pti on from Ru s s i a nwould be ‘Efeernokrilno’.

Elekilpomagtistzen 16 Etherokrilno


17/46

Etzikolnianakhnianэтцикольнионахный[ĕt-tsee,-kol-nee-ah-nahkh-nee-ăn]•

Eulenspiegelsee ti ll eu l en s p i egel

EvosikraЕвосикра[é-vo-see-krah]•

EvotanasЕвотанас

[é-vo-tahn-ahs]•Exioëhary Эксиоэхари[ĕks-ee-o,-é-khah-ree]Œ•

Fakirфакир[fah-keer]

Fal-Fe-Foof fal-feh-foof фаль-фе-фуф[fahl-fé-foof]•

fezфеска[fĕz]

Filnooanzi

Фильнуанцы[feel-noo-ahn-tsee]•

Foolasnitamnian fulasnitamnianфуласнитамный[fool-ahs-nee-tahm-nee-ăn]•The edition uses ‘Foolasnitamnian’and ‘Fulasnitamnian’. These differences ins pelling are due to differing tra n s c ri p-

tions from Russian.FoolonФулон[fool-awn]•

Foos foossфус[foos]•

foscaliaфоскаля[fos-kă-lee-ah]Ž

fou-fou-klésee l on don - phu - phu - k l é

FrianktzanaraliФрянкцанарали[free-ahnk,-tsahn-ah-rahl-ee]Œ•

Ftofooфтофу

[fto-foo]Œ•fulasnitamniansee foo las n i ta m n i a n

GaidoropooloГайдоропуло[haid-ə-rop-oo-lo]

Gasometronoltooriko

ГазометронольтурикоŒ[ăs-o-mĕ-tro-nol-too-ree-ko]•The first syllable of this word is the Eng-lish word ‘ga s’ wh i ch has been tran sla tedf rom the corre s ponding Russian word

gaz .

GemchaniaЖемчанияŒ

[jĕm-chahn-ee-ah]•

GeneotriamazikamnianРодотриамазикамнический[jĕn-ee-o,-tree-ah-ma-zee,-kahm-nee-ăn]•A direct tra n s c ri pti on from Ru s s i a nwould be ‘ Rodo tri a m a z i k a m n i a n’. Th eRussian element rodo has been translated

as ‘geneo’.

Gevorgsikra GevorgsikriГеворксикра[é-vor-seek-rah]•This word begins with an initial letter ‘C’in the ed i ti on . In the ed i ti onthis word appe a rs as ‘G evor gs i k ri ’ ; t h efinal letter ‘i’ should have been transcribed

Etzikolnianakhnian 17 Gevorgsikra


18/46


19/46

Haoorma kovurmaковурма[kah-voor-mah]Œ

The spelling kov u rm a , wh i ch is used inMeetings wi th Remarkable Men and in the text,matches the Russian pronunci-ation more closely than the spelling.The modern Turkish spelling is kavurma .

Harahrahroohry harakhrakhrookhryХарахрахрухри[khah-rah-khrah-khroo-khree]Œ

Harharkhsee g or na h o o r h a r h a r k h

Harhoory harkhookhryХархурхи[khahr-khoor-khee]ŒA direct tra n s c ri pti on from Ru s s i a nwould be ‘Kharkhurkhi’.

Harhrinhrarh harinkhrarkhХархринхрарх [khahr-khreen-khrarkh]Œ

HaritonХаритонŒ[hahr-ee-ton]•Ž’

Harnahoom HarnakhoomХарнахуму

[khahr-nah-khoom]Œ•

HarnatoolkpararanaХарнатулькпарарана[khahr-nah-toolk,-pah-rah-rah-nah]Œ•

Harnel-AootХарнел-Аут

[khahr-nĕl-ah-oot]Œ’

HarnelmiatznelХарнелмиацнел[khahr-nĕl,-mee-ahts-nĕl]Œ’In the ed i ti on this word is alsos pell ed ‘ Ha rn el m i a t s n el ’ and ‘ Ha rn el -m i a z n el ’. This inconsistency in the tra n-s c ri pti on of the Russian let ter ‘ц’ ( t s )

occurs in other words as well.

HasnamussХаснамус[khas-nah-moos]•Ž or

[khas-nah-moos]Œ

{Œ

}HasseinХассин[hah-seen]Œ•Ž

Havatvernoni havatviernoniХаватвернони[hah-vaht,-vĕr-no-nee]Œ•Ž

Heechtvori HeeshtvoriХихчтвори[kheehj-tvor-ee]Œ’The word ‘ Heech t vori ’ is com po s ed of t wo word s : the Arm enian word ,(k h e egh j ) ,’ meaning ‘con s c i en ce’, a n d ,the imperative form of the Russian verb,твори (tvori ), meaning ‘create’. The edition spelling appears to be an error.

HelkdonisХелкдонис[khĕlk-do-nees]’

HelkgematiosХелкгематиос[khĕlk,-ĕ-mah-tee-os]Œ•

HellenakiЕленаки[hĕl-ĕn-ah-kee]

HentralispanaХантралиспана[khahn-trahl-ees-pah-nah]ŽA direct transcription from Russian wouldbe ‘Khantralispana’. In the German editionthis word is spelled ‘Hantralispana’ and in

the Fren ch ,‘ Kh en tralispana’.

HeptaparaparshinokhЭптапарапаршинох Œ[hĕp-ta h-pa h-ra h-pa hr-s he e-no h]•Ž’or [ĕp-tah-pah-rah-pahr-shee-noh]In English words, the prefix ‘hepta-’, basedon the Greek word for ‘s even’, is pro-nounced with an initial ‘h’. In Russian and

French this prefix would be pronounced‘epta’.

Haoorma 19 Heptaparaparshinokh


20/46

Herailaz KhdrailavХдрейлав[kheedr,-ei-las]• or [hér-ah-lăz]•

see Appendix II: Background NotesHerkissionХеркисион[hér-kees-ee-on]Œ•

Hernasdjensa hernasdjinsaхернасджинса[hérn-ahs-jeen-sah]’A direct tra n s c ri pti on from Ru s s i a n

would be ‘hernasjinsa’.

HeropassГеропас[é-ro-pahs]Œ or [hee-ro-pahs]•ŽA direct transcription from Russian wouldbe ‘Geropas’, but it has been reported thatthis word has nevert h eless alw ays beenpronounced ‘Eropas’. Note that since the

‘h’-sound in English does not exist in Russ-ian, it is often represented in Russian witha ‘g’ ; also that the English word ‘h ero’ i sspelled geroy in Russian.

HertoonanoХертунано[khér-too-nah-no]•‘This word is spelled ‘Khértounano’ in the

Fren ch ed i ti on . A direct tra n s c ri pti onfrom Russian would be ‘Khertoonano’.

HeteratogetarЭттератогетар[ĕ-té-rah,-to-ĕ-tahr]Œ

Hikhdjnapar hikdjnaparхикджнапар[kheehj-nah-pahr]’

hippodrenekakhseeepod r en e k h

Hirr-Hirr khri-khra-khriхир-хирŒ[kheer-kheer]

Hivintzesхивинцы

[khee-veen-tsĕs]

Hlodistomaticuleskhlodistomaticulesхлодистоматикула[khlo-dees-to,-mah-tee-kyools]•‘

HodjaХоджа[kho-jah]ŒThe su gge s ted pronu n c i a ti on corre-sponds to the way Gurdjieff would likely have pronoun ced this word, rat h er thanthe modern Turkish pronunciation.

Hoodazbabognari hoodatzbabognari

Худацвабогнари[khoo-dah-tsvah-bo-nah-ree]•A direct tra n s c ri pti on from Ru s s i a nwould be ‘Khudatsvabognari’. The Frenchedition spells this word ‘khoudatzvabog-nari’. Both English editions have mistran-scribed the Russian ‘-va-’as ‘-ba-’, an easy mistake to make given the letter form of the Russian ‘v’.

HooltanpanasХультанпанас[hool-tahn-pahn-ahs]•

Hraprkhabeekhrokhniankhraprkhalikhrokhnianхрапрхальнихрохный‘[khrah-pr-khah-bee-khrokh-nee-ăn]‘

or [k hra h-pr-k ha hl-ne e-k hrok h-ne e-ăn]A direct transcription from Russian wouldbe ‘khraprkhalnikhrokhnian’. The edi-tion spelling, foll owing the French, variesslightly (‘-khali-’ rather than ‘-khalni-’).

Hre-Hree-Hra khreh-khree-khraхре-хри-хра[khrĕ-khree-khrah]Œ

Hrhaharhtzaha hrakhartzakhaхрхахархцаха[khr-khah-khahrkh-tsah-khah]‘A direct transcription from Russian wouldbe ‘Khrkhakharkhtsakha’. The editionseems to have tried to simplify the spelling.The French edition uses ‘khrakhartsakha’.Note that Russian speakers are familiar with

consonant combinations such as these.

Herailaz 20 Hrhaharhtzaha


21/46

Hrkh-hr-hoo khrkh-khr-khrooХрх-хр-ху [khrkh-khr-khoo]Œ‘

Hydro-oomiak ГидроумиакŒ[hai-dro,-oom-ee-ahk]•

Iabolioonosar iabolioonozorЯболиунозор[ya-bol-ee-oo-no-zor]Œ•A direct tra n s c ri pti on from Ru s s i a nwould be ‘Iabolioonozor’.

Ibrkh ibrik ибрх [ee-brkh]Œ

Ikriltazkakra ikhriltatzkakraИкрильтацкакра[ee-kreel-tahts-kahk-rah]•

IlnosoparnianИльносопарный[eel-no-so-pahr-nee-ăn]Ž

IlnosoparnoИльносопарно[eel-no-so-pahr-no]Œ•

imagonisiriansee podobn i s i rn i a n

ImpulsakriИмпульсакри[im-pŭl-sahk-ree]•

Inkiranoodel inkiranondelИнкиранудел[eenk,-ee-rahn,-oo-dĕl]•The spelling in the edition is incor-

rect.Inkliazanikshana inkliatzanikshanaинкляцаникшана[eenk-lyah,-tsah-neek-shah-nah]’

Inkozarno Inkotsarnoинкоцарно[eenk-o,-tsahr-no]‘’

InsapalnianИнсапальный[in-sah-pahl-nee-ăn]

instincto-terebelnianinstincto-titillarianинстинктотеребильный[in-stink-to,-tér-é-bél-nee-ăn]•Ž or[in-stink-to,-ti-ti-lahr-ee-ăn]The words ‘Terbelnian’ and ‘terebelnian’ inthe edition correspond to the Russ-ian.‘Titillarian’ in the edition is taken

from ‘titillarienne’ in the French edition.Instruarian instruarnianинструарный[een-stroo-ahr-ee-ăn] or[een-stroo-ahr-nee-ăn]•The ren dering of the Russian ad j ectiva lending in English is sometimes ‘-ian’ andsometimes ‘-nian’.

Instruarnessинструарность[een-stroo-ahr-nĕs]

ionnikssee s kerna l i ts - i on n i k s

IrananИранан

[ee-rah-nahn]’IraniranumangeИранирануманж[ee-rahn,-ee-rahn,-oo-mahnzh]Œ’

IrankipaekhИранкипаэх [ee-rahn-kee-pah-ĕkh]’

IransamkeepИрансамкип[ee-rahn-sahm-keep]•

Irodohahoon trodokhakhoonиродохахун[ee-ro-dokh-ah-khoon] or[tro-dokh-ah-khoon]The spelling in the edition matches

the Ru s s i a n ; it is not clear why the

Hrkh-hr-hoo 21 Irodohahoon


22/46

spelling in the edition, following theFrench, is quite different.

Ischmetch IshmetchИшмеч[eesh-mĕch]ŒThis word is also spell ed ‘ Is h m e s ch’ or‘ Is h m e s h’, ref l ecting va ri a ti ons in tra n-scription from the Russian.A direct tran-scription would be ‘Ishmech’.

Isfahansee i s pa h a n

ishiasишиас[ee-shee-ahs]•

Iskoloonizinernly iskoloonitzinernly исколюницинерно[ees-ko-lyoon-eets-ee-nérn-lee]‘This word is also spell ed ‘ Is k l o lu n i t s i-

n ern ly ’ owing to incon s i s tencies in thetranscription from Russian.

IsoliazsokhlannessизоляцсохранностьŒ[ee-zol-yahts-sokh-rahn-nĕs]A direct transcription from Russian wouldbe ‘izolyatssokhranness’. The use of ‘-lan-’instead of ‘-ran-’ in the English is an error.

Ispahan IsfahanИспагань[ĕs-fah-hahn]’ or[ees-pah-hahn]The usual English spelling today is ‘Isfa-han’, or ‘Esfahan’, and is the result of theinfluence of Arabic. ‘Ispahan’ is an olderform of the name which has never goneentirely out of use.

Issi-Noora Esai NooraИсайи-Нура[ee-see,-noo-rah]’ or[ee-sai-ee,-noo-rah]ŒA direct tra n s c ri pti on from Ru s s i a nwould be ‘Isaii-Noora’.

Itoklanoz itoklanotzИтокланоц[ee-tok,-lahn-ots]’

This word is also spell ed ‘ Ito k l a n o s’. Adirect transcription from Russian wouldbe ‘Itoklanots’.

Junkersюнкеры[yoon-kĕrs]

Kafirianкафирианин

[kah-fee-ree-ahn]

KafiristanКафиристан[kah-fee-ree-stahn]•

Kahketeeniansee ka k h eteen i a n

KaialanaКаялана[kah-yah-lah-nah]•

KaimonКаямонь‘[kai-mon]•ŽA direct tra n s c ri pti on from Ru s s i a nwould be ‘Kayamon’.

Kaisersee wi l h el m

KakheteenianкахетинскийŒ[kah-khĕ-teen-ee-ăn]’In the ed i ti on , this word was mis-tra n s c ri bed and spell ed ‘ Ka h keteen i a n’(reversing the ‘kh’ to ‘hk’).

Kal-da-zakh-teesee k l dat zach t

Kalianjesh kaliandjek калянджеш[kahl-yan-jĕsh]‘ or [kahl-yan-jĕk]The spelling in the m a tches theRussian; the spelling in the edition

follows the French.

Irodohahoon 22 Kalianjesh


23/46

Kaliuniumsee ka lu n om

Kalkali

Калькали[kahl-kahl-ee]•

Kalkiansкалькиане[kahl-kee-ăns]•

KalmanКальман

[kahl-mahn]•KalmanuiorКальменуиор[kahl-mahn-oo-ee-or]•A direct tra n s c ri pti on from Ru s s i a nwould be ‘Kalmenuior’.

Kalnokranonisкальнокранонис

[kahl-no-krah-no-nees]•

Kaltaanкалтаан[kahl-tān]

Kaltusara kaltoosarooКальтусара[kahl-too-sah-rah]‘

A direct tra n s c ri pti on from Ru s s i a nwould be ‘Kaltusara’.

Kalunom kaliuniumкалюнюм[ka h-lo o-nom] or [ka h-lyo o-nyo om]ŒA direct tra n s c ri pti on from Ru s s i a nwould be ‘kalyunyum’.

Kalyanкальян[kahl-yan]•’

Kalzanooarnian kaltzanooarnianкальцануарный[kahl-tsah-noo-ahr-nee-ăn]•

kamanjasee k i a m a n ch a

Kanil-El-NorkelКаниль-эль-Норкель[ka-neel,-ĕl,-nor-kĕl]•’

Karabaghianкарабахский[kah-rah-bakh-ee-ăn]•

Karakoon KarakumКаракум[kah-rah-koom]The ‘n’ in ‘Karakoon’ is likely an error intranscription.

KarapetКарапет[kah-rah-pĕt]’

KaratasКаратаз[kah-rah-tahs]ŒŽ

Karatsiag Карациаг[kah-rah-tsee-ah]•

Karnak Карнак[kahr-nahk]•

karoona

каруна[kah-roo-nah]•Ž

Kartotakhnianкартотахный[kahrr-to-tahkh-nee-ăn]‘

Kashimanкашиман

[kah-shee-mahn]•

Kashireitleerкаширайтлир[kah-shee-rait-leer]•

Kashmanoonкашманун[kahsh-mah-noon]•

Kaliunium 23 Kashmanoon


24/46

Kasnik касник[kahs-neek]‘

Kasoaadjy kesbaadjiказоааджи[kahs-o-ā-jee]• or [kĕs-bā-jee]’

KatoshkihydoorakiKatoshkihaidoorakiКатошкихайдураки[kah-tosh-kee,-hai-door-ah-kee]Œ

katznookitzkernally see ka z n o k i z kern i a n

kavurmasee h aoorm a

kazi qadiказы[kah-zee]•’

Kaznookizkerniankatznookitzkernally Кацнукицкерно[kats-noo,-keets-kér,-nee-ăn]‘ or[kats-noo,-keets-kérn-ah-lee]•The English adverbial ending ‘ - n a lly ’ i sbetter suited to the grammatical structureof the sentence than ‘-nian’.

Keesookesschoor kiskestchoorкисукесчур[kees-oo-kés-choor]’The s pelling does not match theRussian as well as the spelling.

Keeziak кизяк

[kee-zyak]‘

Kefalкефаль[kĕ-fahl]•

Kelli-E-Ofoo kelleh-e-ofooкеле-е-офу [kĕl-ee-é,-o-foo]• or

[kĕ-lé-é,-o-foo]

KelnuanianКельнуанскийŒ[kĕl-noo,-ahn-ee-ăn]•

Kelnuk Кельнук[kĕl-nook]Œ‘

Kerbalai-Azis-NuaranKerbalai Azis NooaranКербалай-Азис-Нуаран[ké r-bah-lai,-ah-zees,-noo-ahr-ahn]•

Keria-chi Keria ChiKерия-Чи[ké r-ee-yah,-chee]•

Kerkoolnonarnian kerkoolnooarnianКеркульнонарный[kér-kool-no-nahr-nee-ăn]•The spelling in the edition is a moreaccurate transcription from Russian than

the spelling in the edition.

KesbaadjiКесбааджи[kĕs-baa-jee]’

Keschapmartnianкесчапмартный’[kés-chahp-mahrt-nee-ăn]’The spelling on page 691 of the edi-ti on is ‘Keshapmartn i a n’. The Arm en i a nroots of this word indicate that thisspelling is an error.

KesdjanКесджан[kés-jahn]’

Kesdjanian

кесджанныйŒ[kés-jahn-ee-ăn]

KeskestasantnianКескестасентный[kĕs-kĕs-tahs-sahnt-nee-ăn]•

Kesshahкеша

[kĕ-shah]•

Kasnik 24 Kesshah


25/46

kevaкева[ké-vah]Œ•

Kezmaralкезмарал[kĕz-mah-rahl]• or [kes-mah-rahl]

Khaboor-ChooboorХабур-Чубур[khah-boor,-choo-boor]Œ•

Khaivansanansaks

khaivansanansakoffsХайвансанансакыŒ[khai-vahn-sahn-ahn-sahks]‘ or[khai-vahn-sahn-ahn-sahk-awfs]

KhaizarianхайсарскийŒ[khai-zah-ree-ăn]•’

KhalmianХалмиани[khahl-mee-ăn]

khanateханства[kăn-eit]

khaneomenisee k na n eom eny

khdrailav see h era i la z

Khenionian Khenionanхенионский[khén-ee-on-ee-ăn] or[khén-ee-on-ăn]

Khevsoory KhevsoorsХевсуры[khév-soo-ree]’ or [khév-soors]

Khlarfogo KhlartoomanoХлартумано[khlahr,-faw-o] or[khlahr,-too-mahn-o]ŒTuman in Russian means ‘fog’; and duman

( or tu m a n) in Tu rkish means ‘m i s t’ or‘smoke’.

khlodistomaticules

see h l od i stom ati c u l e s

Khooti-Noora-ChakaХути-Нура-Чака[khoot-ee,-noo-rah,-chah-kah]‘

Khooti-Pikan-OnХути-Пикан-Он[khoot-ee,-pee-kahn,-on]

Khorassanianхорасанский[khor-ah-sahn-ee-ăn]•’

khralkanatonschachermachersee k m a l ka natonas h ach erm ach er

khraprkhalikhrokhniansee h ra prk h a bee k h ro k h n i a n

Khreesee rk h ee

Khrh khrkhкхрх [khrkh]Œ

khri-khra-khrisee k ri k h ra k h ri

KhritofalmonofarabХритофалмонофараб[khree-to,-fahl-mo-no,-fah-rahb]‘

kiamancha kamanjaкяманча[kah-mahn-chah]’

Kilmantooshian KilmantooshКильмантушский[keel-mahn,-too-shee-ăn]•

kilnaparasee el na pa ra

Kilprenoкильпрено[keel-prén-o]•Ž

keva 25 Kilpreno


26/46

KimespaiКимезпай[keem-ĕs-pai]Ž

King-Too-TozКинг-Ту-Тоз[kin-too-taws]Œ•

Kirghizcherisee k i rk i stch eri

Kirghizes Kirghizкиргизы

[keer-eez-ĕz]•

Kirkistcheri KirghizcheriКиргизчери[keer-eez-chér-ee]ŒThe spelling in the edition is the moreaccurate transcription of the Russian.

Kirmankshana

Кирманкшана[keer-mahnk-shah-nah]•

KirmininashaКирмининаша[keer-meen-een-ah-shah]•

kiskestchoorsee kee s oo ke s s ch oor

KlananoizufarabКлананоицуфараб[klah-nahn-o-ee-tsoo-fah-rahb]

kldatzacht or kldazacht or Kal-da-zakh-tee kldatsakhtiклдацахти[kl-dah-tsahkh-tee]Œ

The spelling in the edition is the mostaccurate transcription from Russian.

Klianклиан[klee-ahn]•

KlintranaКлинтрана[kleen-trah-nah]

KmalkanatonashachermacherkhralkanatonschachermacherХральканатанахахамахŒ‘

[kmahl-kahn-ah-ton-ah-shah-khər-mah-khər]•‘ or [khrahl-kahn-ah-ton-shah-khər-mah-khər]A direct tra n s c ri pti on from Ru s s i a nwould be ‘Khralkanatanakhakhamakh’.

Knaneomeny khaneomeniханеомени[khăn-é-o-mé-nee]

For ‘ Kn a n eom eny ’, the Fren ch text has‘khaneomenis’, the German text has ‘Kia-neomenis’and the Russian,‘khaneomeni’.The s pelling is likely an error intranscription.

Kofensharnian kofensharsкофенщарный[ko-fén-shahr-nee-ăn]• or[ko-fén-shahrs]

Kolbanaколбана[kol-bah-nah]•

Kolenian Loors Kolenian Lursколенский-лур[ko-lén-ee-ăn loorz]Œ

Kolhidious ColhidiusКольхидюс[kol-khee-dyoos]Œ‘

Kolhidshissi ColhidchissiКольхидшисиŒ[kol-kheed-shee-see]‘A direct tra n s c ri pti on from Ru s s i a nwould be ‘Kolkhidshissi’.

KondoorКондур[kon-door]•Ž‘

Konuzion KoniutsionКонюцион[ko-noo-tsee-on]•’

koopaitarian

see k u pa i ta ri a n

Kimespai 26 koopaitarian


27/46

Koorfooristanianкурфуристанский[koor-foor-ee-stahn-ee-ăn]•

KoorkalaiКуркаляй[koor-kah-lai]•

Koritesnokhnianкоритеснохный’[ko-ree tĕs-noh-nee-ăn]

Korkaptilnian

коркаптильныйŒ’[kor-kahp-teel-nee-ăn]

Korkolansкорколанци[kor-ko-lahns]

kovurmasee h aoorm a

KreemboolazoomarakreemboolatsoomaraКримбулацунара‘[kreem-bool-ah-tsoo-mah-rah]The Russian text ends this word with‘ - n a ra’, not ‘ - m a ra’ ; the Engl i s h , Fren chand German editions do not follow thisspelling.

Krentonalnianкрентональный[krĕn-to-nahl-nee-ăn]

Krhrrhihirhiкрхррхихирхи[kr-khr-rkhee-kheer-khee]‘A direct tra n s c ri pti on from Ru s s i a nwould be ‘krkhrrkhikhirkhi’.

Krikhrakhri khri-khra-khriХрихрахриŒ[khree-khra-khree]The tra n s c ri pti on from Russian ism ore acc u ra te in the than in the edition.

KrilnomolnifarabКрильномольнифараб[kreel-no-mol-nee-fah-rahb]

KrishnatkharnaКришнатхарна[kreesh-naht-khahr-nah]Œ

kroahnsкроаны[kro-ahnz]

Kronbernkzion, Makary

Крохбернкцион, Макарий‘

[kron-bernk-tsee-on, mah-kah-ree]‘The Russian tra n s c ri pti on , ‘ Ma k a ry Krok h bernk t si on’, has not been fo ll owedex act ly in ei t h er the English or Fren ched i ti on s .

KronbookhonКронбухон[kron-boo-khon]•‘

KsheltarnaКшелтарна[kə-shĕl-tahr-nah]Œ•

KsherknaraКшеркнара[kə-shérrk-nahrr-ah]’

kshtatsavacht kshtatsavakhtкштацавахт[kə-shtahts-ah-vahkht]•’

Ksvaznell ksvatznellкрвацнел[kəz-vahts-nél]’ or[kərr-vahts-nél]’A direct tra n s c ri pti on from Ru s s i a nwould be ‘krvatsnel’.

see Appendix II: Background Notes

Ktulnotz ktalnotzкталноц[kə-tahl-nots]‘’

Kulnaboкульнабо[kŭl-nah-bo]•

Koorfooristanian 27 Kulnabo


28/46


29/46


30/46

Midotanis midotanasМидотанас[mee-do-tah-nees] or

[mee-do-tah-nahs]

Mindariминдари[meen-da-ree]•

Mirozinoo mirotzinooМироцыну [mee-ro-tsee-noo]Œ

ModiktheoМодик√ео[mo-deek,-thé-o]•

Momonodooarмомонодуар[mo-mo-no-doo-ahr]•

MongolplanzuraМонголпланцура

[mon-ol,-plahn-tsoo-rah]•monochordsee vi br o s h o

Monoenithits monoeniphiticМоно√ни√ит[mo-no-en-ee-theets]‘ or[mo-no-en-ee-fee-tik] or[mo-no-thnee-theet]The Russian type s c ri pt re ads ‘m on o-thnithit’. The old Russian letter ‘√’, whichlooks like Greek theta , was not on the key-board of the typewriter that was used by Cheslaw K. Chekovitch to type the manu-s c ri pt . It was made by typing ‘o’, b ack -space, and ‘-’. A faulty impression of the ‘o’could make the let ter look like an ‘e’,re su l ting in a misre ading of ‘m on o-enithits’ for the intended ‘monothnithits’(which would be pronounced in Russian,‘m on of n i fit s’ ) . In Ru s s i a n , the let ter ‘√’i n d i c a tes an underlying forei gn ‘th’ -sound, but is always pronounced as ‘f ’. The edition has ‘monoeniphitic’, follow-ing the French ‘monoéniphitiques’.see also t h eom er t m a l ogo s.

Moordoortenмурдуртен[moor-door-tĕn]•

Morkrokhморкрох [mor-krokh]•

MosulopolisМосулополи[mo-sool-aw-pol-is]•

Moyasulor Moyussool

моясул[mo-yah-sool]•

Mungull mangaalмангал[mahn-ahl]•The Arabic word manqal , ‘brazier’, is alsoknown in Persian and Turkish. The mod-ern Tu rkish spell i n g, ‘m a n ga l ’, corre-

sponds to the spelling in the Russian text.

Naloo-osnian naloo-ossnianНалуоносныйŒ[nah-loo,-os-nee-ăn]• or[nah-loo-o-nos-nee-ăn]‘A direct tra n s c ri pti on from Ru s s i a nwould be ‘Naloo-onosnian’, and it is likely that this was the intended spelling. A sim-

ilar spelling that fo ll ows the Russian morecl o s ely (n a l ou o n o s n i en ) was used in theFrench edition, and the English spellin g‘Naloo-onosnian’ first appeared in a lateimpression of the E.P. Dutton three-vol-ume paperback edition.

Nammus namussНамус

[nah-moos]‘

Nammuslik namusslik Намуслик[nah-moos-lik]•

Naookhansee n o k h a n

Midotanis 30 Naookhan


31/46

Nar-Khra-NooraНар-Хра-Нура[nahr-khrah,-noor-ah]‘

Naria-chiНария-Чи[nah-ree-ah,-chee]Œ•The spelling ‘Maria-Chi’ in the edi-tion is a misspelling of Naria-chi.

Nasoolan El Aool Naoolan el-AoolНаулан-эль-Ауль[na-soo-lahn,-ĕl,-ah-ool]• or

[na-oo-lahn,-ĕl,-ah-ool]•A direct tra n s c ri pti on from Ru s s i a nwould be ‘Naoolan-el-Aool’.

Nassr Eddin,MullahНаср-Эддин, МоллаŒ[nahsr, ĕd-deen, moo-lah]•Ž

Neomothist

Неомо√ист[né-o-moth-ist]•

Nerhitrogool parkhitrogoolНерхитрогул[nér-khee-tro-ool]Œ or[pahr-khee-tro-ool]

nichto-oonichtonosee n o u gh t o u n i ch t on o

NieviaНиевии[nee-ĕv-ee-ah]‘

NiliaНилия‘[neel-ee-yah]•

NipilhooatchiНипильхуачи[nee-peel-khoo-ah-chee]Œ

NirioonossianНириуносийский[neer-ee-oo-nos-ee-ăn]•

Nokhan NaookhanНаухан

[nah-oo-khahn]Œ

The spelling used in the French edition,‘Naoukhan’, is closer to the Russian spellingthan the English spelling, ‘Nokhan’.

The

English spelling,‘Naookhan’, firstappeared in a late impression of the E.P.Dutton three-volume paperback edition.

NolniolnianНольниольный[nol-nee-ol-nee-ăn]•

Noorfooftafaf нурфуфтафаф

[noor-foof-tah-fahf]Nooxhomist olfactoristНюхомист[nyoo-kho-meest]ŒIn the edition,the Russian word wastranscribed as ‘Nooxhomist’ while in the ed i ti on it was tra n s l a ted as ‘o l f ac-torist’. The French edition uses ‘olfac-

tori s t’. A direct tra n s c ri pti on would be‘Nyukhomist’ which we have followed inproviding a suggested pronunciation.

Noughtounichtono nichto-oonichtonoНичтоуничтоно[nawt,-oo-neech-to-no] or[neech-to,-oo-neech-to-no]The Russian word , n i ch to , means ‘no th-

i n g’ or, in a more Bri tish ren deri n g,‘nought’.

Oblekioonerishоблекиунериш[o-blĕk-ee-oo-nĕr-eesh]

obligolnianобязкольныйŒ[awb-li-ol-nee-ăn]•

A direct tra n s c ri pti on from Russian is‘obya z ko l n i a n’. The Russian el em en t‘obya z’ has been tra n s l a ted as ‘obli g -’ toconvey the root meaning of ‘obligation’.

Oduristelnian oduristolnianодюристольнийŒ[o-dyur-ees-tol-nee-ăn]•ŽA direct tra n s c ri pti on from Ru s s i a n

would be ‘odyuristolnian’.

Nar-Khra-Noora 31 Oduristelnian


32/46

Ogly,Assadulla Ibrahimsee as s adu lla ibrahim ogly

Okaniaki ossaniakiосаниаки[o-kahn-ee-ah-kee]• or[o-sahn-ee-ah-kee]‘A direct tra n s c ri pti on from Ru s s i a nwould be ‘o s a n i a k i ’ ; the spelling in the edition appears to be a t ypographicerror.

Okhtapanatsakhnian or Okhtapanstsankhnianokhtapanatzakhianохтапанацахный’[okh-tah-pah-nah-tsahkh-nee-ăn]The most acc u ra te tra n s c ri pti on fromRussian would be ‘o k h t a p a n a t s a k h n i a n’.The form Okhtapanstsankhnian in the ed i ti on is likely an error in tra n-

scription.

Okhtatralnian okhtastralnianохтастральный’[okht-ahs-trahl-nee-ăn]In the edition, this word is missingthe ‘s’ in ‘astral’.

OkhterordiapanОхтерордяпан[okht-é-ror-dee-ah-pahn]’

Okhti-Noora-ChakaОтхи-Нура-Чака‘[ot-khee-noo-rah-chah-kah]In this term and the next one, ‘okhti’ hastwo letters reversed, ‘kh’ and ‘t’. The cor-rect spelling is ‘o t k h i ’ ( ) , Œ t h e

Georgian numeral ‘four’.Okhti-Pikan-OnОтхи-Пикан-Он‘[ot-khee-pee-kahn-on]

Okiartaaitokhsa okiartaitokhsaОкиартаайтохкса‘[o-kee-ahr-ta, ai-tokh-k sah]‘

OkidanokhОкиданох [o-kee,-da-noh]Œ•’

OkinaОкина[o-kee-nah]Œ’

Okipkhalevnian okipakhalevianокипахалевный[o-keep-khah-lĕv-nee-ăn]‘ or[o-kee-pah-khah-lĕv-ee-ăn]A direct transcription from Russian wouldbe ‘okipakhalevnian’. The ‘-pa-’ s yllable ismissing from the edition spelling.

Okrualnoокруально[o-kroo-ahl-no]•

Oksoseria OxoseriaОксосерия

[oks-o-sér-ee-yah]

Olbogmek Олбогмек[ahl-bo-mĕk]

olfactoristsee n oox h om i st

OlmantaboorОлмантабур[ol-mahn-tah-boor]•

Olooessultratesnokhnianолуесультртеснохный’[o-lo o-ĕs,-o ol-tra h,-tĕs-no h-ne e-ăn]•

Olooestesnokhnian

олуестеснохный’

[o-loo-ĕs,-tĕs-noh-nee-ăn]•

Onandjikiонанджики[o-năn-jee-kee]•

OnansonОнансон[o-năn-sŭn]

Ogly, Assadulla Ibrahim 32 Onanson


33/46


34/46

paischakirпейщакир[pei-shchah-keer]‘’

A direct tra n s c ri pti on from Ru s s i a nwould be ‘peyshchakir’; the spelling in theFrench text is ‘peïshakir’.

PaleomothistsПалеомо√исты[pah-lé-o-moth-ists]

palnassoorianпальнасурный

[pahl-nah-soor-ee-ăn]•

Pandetznokh or PandeznokhПандецнох [pahn-dĕts-noh]•’

Papaveroon or Pavaveroonпапаверум[pah-pah-vér-oon]• or

[pa-pa-vér-ŭm]A direct tra n s c ri pti on from Ru s s i a nwould be ‘Papaverum’, which in additionm a tches the spelling in the Fren ch tex t .The ‘oon’ ending may reflect the originaluse of the nominal su f f i x , - yoo n, i nArmenian.

Parijrahatnatioose parijrahatnatius

Парихрахатнатиус[pah-reej-rah-haht-naht-ee-oos]• or[pah-ree-khrah-khaht-naht-ee-oos]ŒA direct tra n s c ri pti on from Ru s s i a nwould be ‘Parikhrakhatnatioos’.

parkhitrogoolsee n erh i trogoo l

Partkdolg-duty Парткдолгдюти[pahrtk-dol-dyoo-tee]•’

Passavus passavasПассавас[pah-sah-vŭs]•

Patetook патетук

[pah-té-took]•

Pavaveroonsee pa paveroon

pentoëhary

see p i a n d j o ë h a ry

Perambarrsasidaanperambarsasidavanперамбарсасидаван[pé r-ahm-bahr,-sah-see-dahn]• or[pe ŕ-ahm-bahr-sah-see-dah-vahn]ŒThe spelling in the edition is a directtranscription from the Russian.

PeshtvognerПештвогнер[pĕsht-vo-nér]•

Pestolnootiarly пестолнутиарноŒ[pĕs-tol-noo-tee-ahr-lee]‘

Petrkarmak piotrkarniak Петркармак[pĕtr-kahr-mahk]The spelling ‘piotr’ is based on the com-m on Russian pronu n c i a ti on of the firs tfour letters of this word in Russian whenthese letters are used for the name Peter.The rem a i n der of the word howeverwould be best transcribed as ‘karmak’.

PetrushkaПетрушка[pĕ-troosh-kah]•

phalangas phalangesфаланги[fah-lahn-ahs]•

Photoinzoin

Фотоинзоин[fo-to-een-zo-een]•

Phu-Phu-Klésee l on don - phu - phu - k l é

PiandjiapanПянджапан[pyahn-jee-ah-pahn]•’

paischakir 34 Piandjiapan


35/46

Piandjoëharyor piandjiëharipentoëharyПянджоэхари

[pyahn-jo-é-khah-ree]•

The spell in g, ‘p i an d ji ë h a ry ’, wh ich occurson ly on ce , on page 869 of the ed i-tion, a ppea rs to be a typogra phic error;the spelling ‘p i a n d j o ë h a ry ’ m a tches ed i-tions in other language s . In the ed i-ti on , fo ll owing the Fren ch , the spelling isb as ed on the Greek ra t h er than the Per-sian form of the word ‘five’. The Pers ia n

pronun c ia tion is [pa h n j] . The su ggestedpronun cia ti on fo ll ows the rus s ified formof the Pers i a n , wh i ch is reflected in thes pelling in the ed i ti on and wh i chGu rd j i ef f would pre sum a bly have used inpronouncing this word himsel f.

PianjeПяндж

[pyahnj]’

piotrkarniak see pet r ka r m a k

Pirinjiel pirindjielПиринджиел[peer-een-jee-ĕl]

Pirmaral

пирмарал[peer-mah-rahl]•Ž

PispascanaПиспаскана[pees-pahs-kah-nah]

Planekurab planokurabПланекураб[plahn-é-koor-ahb]

plastegloklorniansee bl a st ego k l o r n i a n

Plef-Perf-Noof плеф-перф-нуф[plĕf-pĕrf-noof]•

PlitazooraliПлитазурали

[plee-tah-zoo-rah-lee]•

PodkooladПодкулад[pod-kool-ahd]

Podobnisirnian or Similnisirnianimagonisirianподобнизированный[po-dob-nee-zeer-nee-ăn] or[si-mil-nee-zeer-nee-ăn] or[eem-ah-o-nee-zeer-nee-ăn]‘Using a direct transcription from Russianthis word would end with ‘-nizirovannian’or ‘-nizirovnian’, not ‘-nisirian’. The Frenchtext has used ‘imagonizirienne’, which gaverise to the English edition spelling.The ed i ti on has used both Podob-nisirnian and Similnisirnian, ‘simil’ beinga translation of the Russian podob .

Poisonioonoskirian poisoninoskirianядоиуноскирный[poi-zŭn,-ee-oo-no-skeer-ee-ăn]• or

[poi-zŭn,-ee-no-skeer-ee-ăn]This word is composed of s yllables of theRussian and English words for ‘poisonous’.

PokhdalissdjanchaПохдалисьджанча[pokh-dahl-ees,-jahn-chah]‘

Polorishboorda

Полоришбурда[po-lor-eesh-boor-dah]’

PolormedekhtianПолормедехтический[po-lor-mĕ-dĕkh-tee-ăn]

PolormedekhticПолормедехтический[po-lor-mĕ-dĕkh-tic]‘’

PolorotheoparlПолоро√еопарл[po-lor-o,-thee-o-pahrl]•’

PooloodjistiusПулуджистюс[poo-loo-jees-tee-ŭs]•

poptoplasts

see pr o t o p l a st s

Piandjoëhary 35 poptoplasts


36/46

Poundolero PoundoliroПаундолироŒ[păoon-do-lee-ro]•

In all ed i ti on s , except the ed i ti on ,this word ends with ‘-liro’.

PranaПрана[prah-nah]Ž

Prnokhpaioch Prnokh-PaiokhПрнохпайох [pr-nokh,-pai-okh]Œ•

prosphoraпросфора[pros-fo-rah]•

ProtocosmosПротокосмос[pro-to,-kawz-mos]

Protoëhary Протоэхари[pro-to,-é-khah-ree]•

protoplasts poptoplastsпоптопласты[pro-to-pla hsts] or [pop-to-pla hsts]

Proutkoff, Kusma Prutkoff, KusmaПрутков, Козьма

[proot-kof, kos-mah]

Prtzathalavrпрцатхалавр[pər-tsaht-khah-lah-vr]‘

Pythiaпифия[pith-ee-ah]•

Rahat-Lokoumрахат-лукумŒ[rah-haht-loo-koom]’

Rakhoorkhsee gorna h oor ra k h oork h

RamadanРамазан’

[rahm-ah-dān]

The Russian spelling, Ramazan , is closerto the Persian pronunciation of this word.

RascooarnoРаскуарно[rahs-koo-ahr-no]Œ•Ž

Rastropooniloрастропунило[rahs-tro-poo-neel-o]

restorialРесториол

[rĕs-tor-ee-ahl]•

ResulzarionРезулзарион[ré -zŭl-zahr-ee-on]•

retarnotoltoorsee aga i n - ta rn oto ltoor

RevozvradendrРевозврадендр[ré -voz-vrah-dĕndr]Œ•

Rhakhoorkhsee gorna h oor ra k h oork h

Rhaharahrрхахарахр

[rkhah-khah-rahkhr]‘

A direct tra n s c ri pti on from Ru s s i a nwould be ‘rkhakharakhr’.

Riank-Pokhortarz or Riank-Pokhotarzriank-pokhotartzРянк-Похотарц[ryahnk,-po-kho-tahrts]ŒA direct tra n s c ri pti on from Ru s s i a n

would be ‘Ryank-Pokhotarts’.

RimalaРимала[ree-mah-lah]•

Rimk Римк[reemk]‘

Poundolero 36 Rimk


37/46

RirkhРирх [reerkh]‘

Rkhee khreeрхи[rkhee]Œ

SakakiСаккакий[sah-kah-kee]•Ž

Sakookinoltooriko

сакукинольтурико[sah-koo-kee,-nol-toor-ee-ko]•

SakoorСакур[sah-koor]

SakronakariСакронакари[sah-kro-nah-kah-ree]•

sakronoolantsakniansee s e k r on oo l a n za k n i a n

Sakrooalnianсакруальный[sah-kroo-ahl-nee-ăn]

Sakroopiak

сакрупяк[sah-kroo-pyahk]

Saliakooriapor saliakooriapaсалякуриапаŒ[sah-lyah,-koor-ee-ah-pah]ŽThe differences in the endings of this wordindicate different decisions on how muchof the Russian word should be carried over

into English. A direct transcription fromRussian would be ‘salyakooriapa’.

Saliakooriapnianсалякуриапный[sah-lyah,-koor-ee-ahp-nee-ăn]

Salkamourskian SalmamoorsianсалькамурскийŒ[sahl-kah-moors-kee-ăn]• or

[sahl-mah-moor-see-ăn]

A direct tra n s c ri pti on from Ru s s i a nwould be ‘s a l k a mu rs i a n’. In the Fren chedition, like the English edition, ‘m’

rather than ‘k’ is used as the third conso-nant of this word.

SalnichizinooarniansalnichissinooarnianсальничицинуарныйŒ[sa hl-ne e-c he e-t se e-no o-a hr-ne e-ăn]A direct tra n s c ri pti on from Ru s s i a nwould be ‘salnichitsinooarnian’.

Salounilovianсалуниловый[sah-loo-nee-lov-ee-ăn]

SalzmaninoЗальцманино[sahlts-mahn-ee-no]Œ {Œ}

Sami-Noora-Chakoo

Сами-Нура-Чака[sah-mee,-noo-rah,-chah-koo]•

Sami-Pikan-OnСами-Пикан-Он[sah-mee,-pee-kahn-on]•

SamliosСамлиос[sahm-lee-os]•

SamoniksСамоникс[sah-mo-neeks]

Samonoltooriko saonoltoorikoсамонольтурико[sah-mo-nol-toor-ee-ko] or[sah-o-nol-toor-ee-ko]

The spelling in the edition matchesthe Ru s s i a n ; in the ed i ti on thespelling matches the French.

Samookoorooazarсамукуруазар[sah-moo-koo-roo-ah-zahr]Œ

Samos

Самос[sahm-os]•

Rirkh 37 Samos


38/46

sandoorсандур[sahn-door]•

saonoltoorikosee s a m on o l t o or i ko

Sarnuoninoсарнуонино[sahr-noo-o-nee-no]•

SaroonoorishanСарунуришан

[sah-roo-noor-ee-shahn]•

Sarpitimnianсарпитимный[sahr-pee-teem-nee-ăn]

sayaz sazсаз[sāz]’

Schachermachersee s h ach er m ach er

Seccruanoсекруано[sĕ-kroo-ahn-o]•

Sekronoolanzaknian

sakronoolantsaknianСекронуланцакный[sĕ-kro-noo-lahn-tsahk-nee-ăn]In the edition this word appears toh ave a typogra phic error in the secon dl et ter; it should be ‘e’, not ‘a’. The spelling is not found anywhere else.

Selchan selchanakh

сельчан[sĕl-chahn]• or [sĕl-chah-nahkh]A direct tra n s c ri pti on from Ru s s i a nwould be ‘selchan’.

Selneh-eh-AvazСельне-Э-Аваз[sĕl-nĕ,-é,-ah-vahz]‘

Selnoanoсельноано[sel-no-ah-no]

SelosСелос[sĕ-los]•

Selzelnualno selzelnualnianсельзельнуально[sĕl-zĕl-noo-ahl-no]• or[sĕl-zĕl-noo-ahl-nee-ăn]

SemooniranoosСемуниранус[sĕ-moo-neer-ah-noos]

Semzekionally semtzektzionallyсемцекционально[sĕm-tsĕk-tsee-on-ah-lee]•

Senkoo-oriСенкуори

[sĕn-koo,-o-ree]•

SensimirinikoСенсимиринико[sĕn-see,-mee-ree,-nee-ko]•

SerooazarСеруазар[sĕr-oo,-ah-zahr]•

Setrenotzinarco SetrenotsinarcoСетреноцынаруŒ[sĕ-trĕ-nots-i-nahr-ko]•A direct transcription from Russian wouldbe ‘Setrenotsina roo’. In both the Englishand French editions this word ends with‘-arco’, the German has followed the Rus-sian and ends it with ‘-aru’.

SevohtartraСевотафтраŒ[sĕ-vo-tahr-trah]• or[sĕ-vo-tahf-trah]•In both the German and French editionst h ere is an ‘f ’ sound ra t h er than an ‘r ’sound in the third syllable as would be thecase in a direct tra n s c ri pti on from Ru s-

sian, ‘Sevotaftra’.

sandoor 38 Sevohtartra


39/46

Sevrodox Zevrodoxзевродокс[zĕv-ro-dox]Œ

This word appears in the German text as‘Sevrodox ’ and would be pron o u n cedwith an initial ‘ z ’. In the Fren ch ed i ti onthe word ‘Zébrodox’ is used.

Shachermacher schachermacherшахер-махерский[shah-khər-mah-khər]Œ•

shashlik

see s h i s l i k

Shat-Chai-MernisШат-Чай-Мернис[shat,-chai,-mér-nees]Œ•

Sheik шейк[sheik]

SherakhoorianШерахурныйŒ[shé-rah-khoor-ee-ăn]

Shila-Plavшила-плав[shee-lah-plahf]

shislik shashlik

шашлик[shahsh-lik]

ShmanaШмана[shmah-nah]

Shooroomooroomnianshooroombooroom

шурумбурумный[shoo-roo-moo-room-nee-ăn]• or[shoo-room-boo-room]A direct tra n s c ri pti on from Ru s s i a nwould be ‘shooroombooroomnian’.Œ•

Shooshoonianшушуный[shoo-shoo-nee-ăn]•

Shuenistsшуенисты[shoo-ĕn-ists]

Shvidi-Noora-ChakooШвиди-Нура-Чака[shvee-dee-noo-rah-chah-koo]•

Shvidi-Pikan-OnШвиди-Пикан-Он[shvee-dee-pee-kahn-on]•

Sianoorinam

сиануринам[see-ah-noo-ree-nahm]•

Siapora SiapooraСиапура[see-ah-poo-rah]ŒA direct tra n s c ri pti on from Ru s s i a nwould be ‘Siapoora’.

SidorСидор[see-dor]•

Sikharenenian sikharenionianсихарененныйŒ[see-khah-rĕ-nĕn-ee-ăn] or[see-khah-rĕn-ee-on-ee-ăn]The spelling in the edition matches

the Russian text; in the edition thespelling matches the French text.

SikitiansсикириянеŒ[see-keet-ee-ăns]A direct tra n s c ri pti on from Ru s s i a nwould be ‘Sikirians’.

Sikt ner chorn sikt ner tchornСикт-нер-чорн[seekt-nér-chorn]Œ•

SilkoornanoСилькурнано[seel-koor-nah-no]•

Sevrodox 39 Silkoornano


40/46

Silnooyegordpana silnegordpanaСильнуегордпана[seel-noo,-yĕ-ord-pah-nah]• or

[seel-nĕ-ord-pah-nah]

The spelling in the ed i ti on fo llowsthe Russian text ; while the ed i ti onfollows the French.

Similnisirniansee podobn i s i rn i a n

SimkalashСимкалаш

[seem-kah-lahsh]•SincratorzaСинкраторца[seen-krah-tor-tsah]

Sinkragasee s i n n d raga

Sinkrpoosaram

синкрпусар[seen-kr-poo-sah-rahm]‘A direct tra n s c ri pti on from Ru s s i a nwould be ‘sinkrpoosar’.‘

Sinndraga SinkragaСинкрага[seen-drah-ah] or[seen-krah-ah]Œ

The text (and the German) spell thefirst let ter of the second syll a ble of t h i sword with a ‘d’, while the text as wellas the French and the Russian spell it witha ‘k’.

Sinokooloopianianсинокулупианский[see-no-koo-loo-pee-ahn-ee-ăn]•

Sinonoums sinonoomsсиноноумы[see-no-no-ooms]

Sinooa sinoorooсиноораŒ[see-noo-ah] or [see-no-ah-rah]A direct tra n s c ri pti on from Ru s s i a nwould be ‘sino-ora’. The ending ‘-oo’ used

in the edition appears to be an error;

the spelling in the Fren ch ed i ti on is‘s i n ou ra’ and a late printing of the paperback used ‘sinoora’.

SirioonorifarabСириунорифараб[see-ree-oo,-no-ree-fah-rahb]•

Sirkliniamen sirklinimanaСирклинимана[seer-kleen-ee-ah-mĕn]• or[seer-kleen-ee-mah-nah]•A direct tra n s c ri pti on from Ru s s i a n

would be ‘Si rk l i n i m a n a’, wh i ch is theform fo ll owed by the French and the editions.

Sitrik ситрик[see-treek]

Skernalits-ionniks skernalitsioniks

скерналиционникы[skĕr-nah-leets,-ee-on-eeks]‘

Skinikoonartzino skinikoonartsinoСкиникунарцино[skee-nee-koo-nahr-tsee-no]Œ

Skoohiatchiny skoolniatchitскульнячить[skoo-yah-chee-nee]• or[skool-nyah-cheet]Œ•A direct tra n s c ri pti on from Ru s s i a nwould be ‘skoolnyachit’.

Smegmaсмегма[smĕ-mah]•

Sobrionolian

Собрионольный[so-bree-o-nol-ee-ăn]•

Soldjinoha soldjinokhaСольджиноха[sol-jee-no-khah]Œ

Soliankaсолянка

[sah-lyahn-kah]

Silnooyegordpana 40 Solianka


41/46

SolioonensiusСолиуненсиус[sol-ee-oo-nĕn-see-ŭs]•

SolniСолны[sol-nee]•

Soloohnorahoonaсолухнорахуна[so-lookh-no-rah-khoo-nah]Œ

Soniasikra

Сонясикра[so-nyah,-see-krah]•

Sonitanis sonitanasСонитанас[so-nee-tah-nahs]The spelling in the edition matchesthe Russian.

Sooanso-Toorabizo sooansotoorabitzo

Суансо-Турабицо[soo-ahn-so,-toor-ah-bee-tso]Œ

Sooniatсуннат[soo-nyaht]•’The word sooniat has its origin in the Ara-bic word su nn ah, wh ich has passed intoPersian as su n n a t , and into Tu rkish as

sünnet . The meaning in Arabic is ‘custom’,‘practice’or ‘usage’, especially the customsand practi ces of Is l a m , b a s ed on therecorded sayi n gs and doi n gs of t h eProphet. In Persian and Turkish the wordhas the same meaning as in Arabic, but isalso used, delicately, to refer to circumci-sion: ‘the custom’.

Sooptaninalnianсуптанинальный[soop-tahn-ee-nahl-nee-ăn]•

Soorptakalknianсурптакалькный[soorp-tah-kahlk-nee-ăn]•

SoortСурт

[soort]•Ž

Spetsitooalitivianспецитуалитивный[spĕts-ee-too-ahl-ee-teev-ee-ăn]

Spipsychoonalian spipsychoonalnianспипсихунальный[spee-sai-koo-nahl-ee-ăn]• or[spee-psee-koo-nahl-nee-ăn]

SpirnaСпирна[speer-nah]•

StopinderСтопиндер[sto-pin-dər]Œ•Ž

Surp-AthanotosСурп-А√анатос[sŭrp,-ah-thah-nah-tos]•The correct spelling is ‘At h a n a to s’, a sfound in the Russian.

Surp-OtheosСурп-О√еос[sŭrp,-o-thé-os]•Ž

Surp-SkirosСурп-Скирос[sŭrp,-skeer-os]•Ž

Svolibroonolnianсволибрунольный

[svo-lee-broo-nol-nee-ăn]•

tainolairтейнолер[tei-no-lér]Œ

Tak-tschan-nanТак-Чан-Нан[tahk-chahn-nahn]•

A direct tra n s c ri pti on from Ru s s i a nwould be ‘Tak-Chan-Nan’.

Talaialtnikoom TalayaltnikumТалайалтникум[tah-lai-ahlt-nee-koom]•

TalkoprafarabТалкопрафараб[tahl-ko-prah-fah-rahb]•

Solioonensius 41 Talkoprafarab


42/46

Tambak тамбакаŒ[tahm-bahk]’

Tandoorтандур[tahn-door]•

Tanguoriтангуори[tahn-oo-or-ee]Œ•

Taranooranura taranooranoora

тарануранура[tah-rah-noo-rah-noo-rah]•

Tarnotoltoorsee a ga i n - t a rn o t o l t oo r

Tastartoonarian tastartoonarnianтастартунарный[tahs-tahr-too-nahr-ee-ăn]• or

[tahs-tahr-too-nahr-nee-ăn]

TatakhТатах [tah-tahkh]Œ•

TazaloorinonoТазалуриноно[tah-zah-loo-ree-no-no]•

Tchaftantouri TchaftantooriЧавтантури[chahf-tahn-too-ree]Œ•

tchai-kanasee ch a i h a na

tchorordiapanseech o r or t d i a pa n

Techgekdnel teshgekdnelтехгекднел[tĕh-əd-nĕl]’A direct tra n s c ri pti on from Ru s s i a nwould be ‘te k h ge k d n el ’. The spelling inthe edition appears to be an error.

Teleoghinoora teleoghinaraТелеогинуара[tél-é,-o-ee,-noo-rah]’ or

[tél-é,-o-ee,-noo-ah-rah]

A direct tra n s c ri pti on from Ru s s i a nwould be ‘teleoginooara’.

Teleokrimalnichnianтелеокримальничный[tĕl-ee-o-kreem-ahl-neech-nee-ăn]•

tempo-Davlaksheriantempodavlakshernianтемпдавлакшерный[tĕm-po,-dahv-lah-kshérr-ee-ăn] or[tĕm-po-dahv-lah-kshérr-nee-ăn]•

TenikdoaТеникдоа[tĕn-eek-do-ah]•

Terasakhaboora

теразахабура‘[tĕ-rah-zah-khah-boor-ah]•A direct tra n s c ri pti on from Ru s s i a nwould be ‘terazakhaboora’.

Terbelnianor terebelnian titillarianтеребильный[té -rĕ-bél-nee-ăn] or[ti-ti-lahr-ee-ăn]A direct tra n s c ri pti on from Ru s s i a nwould be ‘terebeelnian’. ‘Titillarian’ in the ed i ti on is taken from ‘titillarienne’inthe French edition.

TernoonaldТернуналд[tĕr-noo-nahld]•

teshgekdnelsee t ech ge k d n e l

TeskooanoТескуаноŒ[tĕs-koo-ah-no]•Ž’

TetartocosmosТетартокосмос

[tĕ-tahr-to,-kawz-mos]•

Tambak 42 Tetartocosmos


43/46

Tetartoëhary Тетартоэхари[tĕ-tahr-to,-é-khah-ree]•

TetetosТететос[tĕ-tĕ-tos]•

TetetzenderТететзендр[tĕ-tĕt-zĕn-dər]•

thaumaturgist

[thaw-mə-tər-jist]Theomertmalogos¬еомертмалогос[thé-o-mĕrt-ma-lo-os]•This word would be pronounced ‘feomert-m a l ogo s’ in Ru s s i a n , not ‘t h eom ert-m a l ogo s’. The Cyri llic alph a bet , derivedfrom the Greek and Hebrew alphabet s ,i n i-

tially included the two Greek letters thetaand phi, representing the sounds ‘th’ and ‘f’,respectively. However, since there is no ‘th’-sound in Russian, the letter theta was usedonly for transcribing scripture or foreignwords; it has always been pronounced asan ‘f’. Consequently, the Cyrillic alphabetcame to have two letters with the ‘f ’-sound:[¬] , fit a, wh i ch was derived from t h et a,

and [Ф], ef , derived from phi. In the new orthography promulgated by the Sovi et safter , one of the two ‘f’-sound letters,the letter fita, was removed from the Cyril-lic alph a bet. It was retained, however, inthe original Russian typescripts of Beelze-bu b’s Ta le s and in the published Rus s i anedition.

Theophany ¬еофани[thee-o-fan-ee]•

TiflisТифлис[tee-flees]’Tiflis is know n to day as Tblisi’ and wasonce known in Armenian as Tpkhis.’

TikliamishТиклямыш[teek-lyah-mish]•

In the French edition this word is spelled,‘Ti k l i a m o u i s h’. It is prob a ble that theFrench spelling is an attempt to representthe Russian vowel ‘ yeri ’( I PA : []), a vowelthat does not exist in ei t h er Fren ch orE n glish and wh i ch is ra th er difficult forspeakers of those languages to pronounce.

Tiklunia Tikloonia

Тиклюния[teek-lyoo-nee-yah]ŒA direct tra n s c ri pti on from Ru s s i a nwould be ‘Tiklyooniya’.

Till Eulenspiegel[til, oil-in-shpee-əl]‘

Tirdiank тирдянк

[teer-dyank]

Tirzikianoтирцикиано[teer-tseek-ee-ah-no]

titillariansee terbel n i a n

Toof-Nef-Tef туф-неф-теф[toof-nĕf-tĕf]•

Toogoortski Toogoortтуггуртский[too-oort-skee]• or [too-oort]

Tooilan

Туилан[too-ee-lahn]•Ž

Took-soo-kef тюк-сю-кеф[tyook-syoo-kĕf]ŒA direct tra n s c ri pti on from Ru s s i a nwould be ‘tyook-syoo-kef ’.

Tetartoëhary 43 Took-soo-kef


44/46

Tookha Tes Nalool PanTookha Tess Nalool PanТуха тес налул пан

[too-khah-tĕs-nah-lool-pahn]

TookloonianтюклюняйскийŒ[tyook-lyoon-ee-ăn]•A direct tra n s c ri pti on from Ru s s i a nwould be ‘tyooklyoonian’.

Toolkhtotinoтулхтотино

[toolkh-to-tee-no]Œ

Tooloof Тулуф[too-loof]•Ž

Toolookhterzinektoolookhtertzinek Тулухтерцинек

[too-lookh-tĕrts-ee-nĕk]‘Toorinoorinoтуринурино[too-ree-noo-ree-no]•

Toosidjiтюссиджи[tyoo-see-jee]ŒA direct tra n s c ri pti on from Ru s s i a nwould be ‘tyoosiji’.

Toosook тусук[too-sook]•Ž

Toosooly Toosooliтусули[too-soo-lee]•

Toospooshokhтуспушох [toos-poo-shokh]Œ

Toosyтюсси[tyoo-see]ŒA direct tra n s c ri pti on from Ru s s i a n

would be ‘tyoosy’.

Tralalaooalalalala tralalalooalalalaТралалалуалалала[trah-lah-lah,-oo-ah-lah,-lah-lah-lah]

orŒ•

[tra h-la h-la h,-lo o-a h-la h,-la h-la h-la h]The spelling in the edition matchesthe Russian.

Transapalnianтренсапальный[trahn-sah-pahl-nee-ăn]A direct tra n s c ri pti on from Ru s s i a nwould be ‘trensapalnian’.

TrentroodianosТрентрудианос[trĕn-troo-dee-ah-nos]•

TriakrkomnianТриакркомный[tree-ah-kr-kom-nee-ăn]‘

TriamazikamnoТриамазикамно[tree-ah-mah-zee-kahm-no]•Ž

TritocosmosТритокосмос[tree-to-kawz-mos]•

TritoëharyТритоэхари

[tree-to-é-khah-ree]•

TrnlvaТрнлва[trn-lvah]Œ‘This word is spelled trilwa in the Germanedi ti on . The spelling in the two Engl i s heditions matches the Russian.

trodokhakhoonsee i r odo h a h oon

TroemedekhfeТроемедехфе[tro-yĕ,-mĕ-dĕkh-fé]

TrogoautoegocratТрогоавтоэгократ[tro

-o,

-aw

-to,

-ee

-o

-krăt]•

Tookha Tes Nalool Pan 44 Trogoautoegocrat


45/46

Troov, Hadji-Asvatz-see as vat z - troov, h ad j i -

Tsirikooakhtz tsirikooakhivat

цирикуахтыватьŒ[tsee-ree-koo-ahkhts]‘ or[tsee-ree-koo-ahkh-ti-vaht]•A direct tra n s c ri pti on from Ru s s i a nwould be ‘tsirikooakhtivat’.

Tzel putz kann tziel pootz kannЦел-пуц

bt pronunciation

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