155

NEW INSCRIPTIONS FROM THE KARADEN‹Z ERE⁄L‹ MUSEUM

II

BÜLENT ÖZTÜRK* - ‹HSAN FAHR‹ SÖNMEZ**

KARADEN‹Z ERE⁄L‹ MÜZES‹’NDEN YEN‹ YAZITLAR IIÖzet

T.C. Kültür ve Turizm Bakanl›¤› ve Müzeler Genel Müdürlü¤ü’nden ald›¤›m›z izin ve Karadeniz Ere¤li Mü-zesi Müdürü Ahmet Mercan’›n destekleriyle, Karadeniz Ere¤li Müzesi’nin daha önce yay›mlanm›fl ve yay›m-lanmam›fl tüm yaz›tlar›n› bir corpus kapsam›nda toplamak üzere bir proje bafllatt›k ve müzede korunan sözkonusu yaz›tlar› kay›t alt›na alarak, gerekli ön çal›flmalar› gerçeklefltirdik. Yaz›tlar Zonguldak ve çevresinden(Ere¤li, Çaycuma/Filyos, Devrek, Gökçebey, Kilimli ve Alapl›) bulunmufltur. Çal›flmalar›n ikinci bölümünüoluflturan bu makalede daha önce yay›mlanmam›fl, Roma ‹mparatorluk Dönemi’ne tarihlenen 1’i Alapl›, 7’siEre¤li (Herakleia Pontike) civar›ndan olmak üzere toplam 8 Hellence yaz›t tan›t›lmaktad›r. Bu yaz›tlar s›ra-s›yla 1) Damiorgos’lar›n Epilemeles’li¤iyle Yap›lan Bir Adak; 2) Apollophanes K›z› Hilara’n›n Mezar›; 3)Diliporis O¤lu Pates ve Efli Philumena’n›n Mezar›; 4) Timotheos O¤lu Timothes’in; Timotheos’un Efli, Arkhe-laios(?) K›z› Demetria’n›n; Timotheos K›z› Tryphosa’n›n Mezar›; 5) Çiftlik Kâhyalar› Tertius ve Efli Auge’ninMezar›; 6) Artemidoros O¤lu ...-othes’in ve O¤lu’nun Mezar›; 7) Bir Adam›n Mezar› (Menios?); 8) ‹smiBilinmeyen Bir Adam ve Efli’nin Mezar›’na aittir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Karadeniz, Bithynia, Zonguldak, Herakleia Pontike, Ere¤li, Tios, Tieion, Filyos,Alapl›, Damiorgos, Demiourgos, Hilara, Oikonomos, Oikonomissa, Çiftlik Kâhyas›, Diliporis, Pates.

AbstractAs part of a project to compile all published and unpublished Greek and Latin inscriptions in the KaradenizEre¤li Museum into a corpus, inscriptions were copied and worked on with the permission of the Ministry ofCulture and Tourism’s General Directorate of Culture Heritage and Museums and also the support of thedirector of the Karadeniz Ere¤li Museum, Ahmet Mercan. These inscriptions are all from Zonguldak Region(Ere¤li, Çaycuma/Filyos, Devrek, Gökçebey, Kilimli, Alapl›). In this article, eight previously unpublishedinscriptions are presented: one of them from Alapl› and the others are from Ere¤li (ancient Heraclea Pontica),which are both dated to the Roman Imperial period.Key Words: Black Sea, Bithynia, Zonguldak, Heraclea Pontica, Eregli, Tios, Tieion, Filyos, Alapl›,Damiorgos, Demiourgos, Hilara, Oikonomos, Oikonomissa, Estate Manager, Diliporis, Pates.

* PhD Student, Marmara University, Faculty of Science and Literature, Department of Ancient History, ‹stanbul;bul.oztrk@gmail.com

** ihsanfahrisonmez@gmail.comWe thank the Ministry of Culture and Tourism’s General Directorate of Culture Heritage & Museums and Ahmet Mercan,the director of Karadeniz Ere¤li Museum for the permission to work on the inscriptions of the museum; we are again grate-ful to Ahmet Mercan and also to Handan Özalpay, to Ünver Göçen and to Onur Arslan the archaeologists and to all staffof the Karadeniz Ere¤li Museum for their kind assistance and hospitality during our research stay in the museum; to Prof.Dr. Sümer Atasoy for his all supports and contributions to work on the inscriptions; to Prof. Dr. Thomas Corsten for shar-ing his valuable opinions with us; to Prof. Dr. A. Vedat Çelgin for the last reading of the article and specially to Dr. HüseyinSami Öztürk for his all contributions and assistance during our researches in the museum and editing of this article.

With the permission of Ministry of Cultureand Tourism’s General Directorate of Cultu-re Heritage and Museums and the supportof the director of the Karadeniz Ere¤li Muse-um, Ahmet Mercan, a project was started tocompile all published and unpublished Gre-ek and Latin inscriptions in the museum.The inscriptions were copied and workedon with are all from the Zonguldak Region(Ere¤li, Çaycuma/Filyos, Devrek, Gökçebey,Kilimli, Alapl›). In the first article,1 ten pre-viously unpublished funerary inscriptionshad been presented: six of them are fromEre¤li (ancient Heraclea Pontica), two arefrom Alapl› and two are from the ancientcity of Tios / Tieion (Filyos). All are dated tothe Roman Imperial period (Öztürk – Sön-mez 2009). In this article, eight previouslyunpublished inscriptions are presented: oneof them from Alapl›, the others are from

156

Ere¤li which are both dated to the RomanImperial period. Our work on the inscrip-tions continues and the further results willbe presented in the following articles.

1. DEDICATION BY THE EPIMELEIA OF

DAMIOURGOI (= DEMIOURGOI)

(Photo 1)

Inv. No. : A.99.1.83

Provenance : Ere¤li

Measurements : H: 0.84 m; W: 0.50 m;

D: 0.54 m; LH: 0.024 –

0.026 m.

Date : 1st-2nd century A.D.

(on the basis of letter forms)

Rectangular white marble building (?) stone of

which the upper (beginning) part is missing.

There are two circular holes carved on the stone

for the mounting of the upper part

1

0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -[d]a. miorg«n eÉpim°lei&

2 Polemãrxou ÉAsklapiãdaStafÊlou Puyç

4 Kleod¤kou ÉAsklapiãdaDhmhtr¤ou Dhmhtr¤ou

6 Mãrkou ÉAll<i>Ænou N¤grou.

6 ALLHNOU lapis

… by the epimeleia of damiorgoi: Polemarkhos son ofAsklapiadas, Staphylos son of Pythas, Kleodikos sonof Asklapiadas, Demetrios son of Demetrios, MarcusAllienus son of Nigros.

0 A similar type of inscription is attested fromHeraclea Pontica that is dedicated to EmperorVespasianus by the demos with the epimeleia ofteimhta¤ (= censors): ı dçmow AÈtokrãtoraOÈespasianÚn | Ka¤sara SebastÚn teimht«n§pimele¤& | Polemãrxou Polemãrxou, fÊseid¢ | EÈdam¤xou, StafÊlou StafÊlou, |Yrãsvnow Yrãsvnow toË ka‹ Afimil¤ou (Dörner1963: no. 137 = IHeraclea 5).

We don’t know how many lines were there on themissing stone that carriers the beginnig of theinscription; but according to the example aboveand also another inscription from Heraclea Pontica(Robert 1937: 259-260, no. 9; Marek 1993: 159,no. 4; IHeraclea 72), the beginning of the inscrip-tion may be completed as ı dçmow or ı dçmowı ÑHraklevtçn or è boulå ka‹ ı dçmow(IHeraclea 3).

1 damiorg«n = dhmiourg«n. In Doricdialect the letter of -a is used instead of -h.For this usage see Fisk 1830: 225. For thechanging also from -ou into -o see Gignac1976: 211-222. The demiourgoi is firstlyattested in Heraclea Pontica by this inscrip-tion. For detailed information about demi-ourgoi and their functions in the cities ofAsia Minor see Schoeffer 1901; Veligianni-

Terzi 1977; Sherk 1991; Sherk 1993; Dmitriev2005.

2 Pol°marxow ÉAsklapiãda: the name of Pole-markhos is attested in the inscription mentionedabove as Pol°marxow Polemãrxou.

3 ™Stãfulow Puyç: the name of Staphylos is at-tested in the inscription mentioned above asStãfulow StafÊlou.

2-4 ?ÉAsklapiãda and Puyç are types of Doricgenetivus. For the masculines with the suffix -awand for the usage of genetivus with the suffix -a,cf. Petersen 1937.

6 ?ÉAllÆnou = ÉAlliÆnou. For vowel loss (-i) inthe genetivus form of Latin names, see Gignac1976: 303. For this name see Pape – Benseler1959: 64, s.v. “ÉAllihnÒw”.

2. GRAVE OF HILARA, DAUGHTER OF APOLLOPHANES

(Photo 2)

Inv. No. : 2003.175AProvenance : Ere¤liMeasurements : H: 0.35 m; W: 0.49 m;

D: 0.13 m; LH: 0,01 m – 0,028 m.

Date : Ist-3rd century A.D., (on the basis of letter forms)

157

2

Pãthw2 DeilipÒriow §t«n

pÄ. Filoum°n{n}a Pathw gunå §t«n4 xa¤re- o

te aÄ

3 FILOUMENNA PATHS lapis

Pates, son of Diliporis, (died) at the age of 80; Philu-mena, wife of Pates, (died) at the age of 71. Farewell !

1 & 3 Pãthw is commented as a Thracian name

by P. Frei (see Frei 1992: 188, s.v. “Pates” = cf.

SEG 42, 1197); but L. Zgusta (Zgusta 1964: 403,

§1189-3, s.v. “Pathw”) draws attention to the

Iranian names ending with -pathw such as

Alenpathw (§46; MAMA I 33), ÑErmopãthw(§355-40; MAMA I 410), Ratoupathw (§1321-1;

MAMA I 130; VII 37); for the name see also PA-

PE – BENSELER 1959: 1147; LGPN I: 365; LGPNIV: 275, s.v. “Pãthw”. The name is rarely attested

in inscriptions; from Phrygia/ Dorylaion (MAMAV, List I (i): 182, no. 144); from Macedonia(Odo-

mantike)/Hagios Christophorus as ÉAl°jandrowPãtevw (Zoita – Karamitrou-Mentésidi 1988: 28

= SEG 39, 594 = BE (1991), 382 = LGPN IV: 275;

2nd c. B.C.); from Egypt/Monesis as eÈtux«wPat∞w (Oasis d'Égypte, 36,48 = SEG 38, 1776;

4th c. A.D.); from Cyrenaica as Pãhsiw ı ka‹Pãthw (PP 2553, 109 B.C.).

2 DeilipÒriow = DilipÒriow. For the changing

from –ei into –i see Gignac 1976: 190.

The name of Dil¤poriw has a Thracian origin and-poriw means “son” like in the other Thraciannames see Kretschmer 1896: 184; Detschew1957: 160; 374; F›ratl› – Robert 1964: 148-149;Duridanov 1981; Mihailov 1981: 106-108;LGPN IV: 97; Corsten 2006; Corsten 2007; Öz-lem-Aytaçlar 2010: s.v. “Dil¤poriw”; for moreexamples about the names ending with -poriw cf.Detschew 1957: 160. Dil¤poriw is attested in ins-

Half-circular and roughly rectangular shaped,

white marble stele of which the lower right corner

is broken.

Efllãra ÉApollofãnouw,2 gunå d¢ ÑErmolãou. Xa›re.

Hilara, daughter of Apollophanes, also wife of Her-

molaos. Farewell !

1 Efllãra = ÑIlãra. For the changing from –eiinto –i see Gignac 1976: 190. For the name of

Efllãra see Pape – Benseler 1959: 334, s.v.

“Efllãra”; for ÑIlãra see Pape – Benseler 1959:

543; LGPN I: 234; IV: 173, s.v. “ÑIlãra”. The

form Efllãra is attested in an inscription from

Galatia/Pessinous, in Asia Minor see Strubbe

1984: no. 69 (Sivrihisar).

2 gunã = gunÆ.

3. GRAVE OF PATES SON OF DILIPORIS

AND HIS WIFE PHILUMENA

(Photo 3)

Inv. No. : E.28

Provenance : Ere¤li

Measurements : H: 0.28 m; W: 0.18 m; D:

0.06 m; LH: 0,015 m – 0,03 m.

Date : 1st-2nd century A.D., (on the

basis of reliefs and letter forms)

Rectangular white marble stele, with a triangular

pediment and corner acroters. The bottom half is

broken and missing. In the middle of the stele

there is a rectangular recess with a possible fune-

ral banquet (symposium) scene: on the right is a

head of a man (possibly lying on a kline) holding

wreath in his right hand to the head of a woman

on the left (possibly dressed in khiton and hima-

tion).

158

( (

criptions of Bithynia see IByzantion 195, 369; IKi-

os 72; INikaia 81, 1154, 1232, 1416(?); IPrusa

73; TAM IV.1, 16, 126 (Kutluca) and also cf. F›-

ratl› – Robert 1964: 148-149; Corsten 2006; Öz-

lem-Aytaçlar 2010.

As is known to ancient authors from time of He-

rodotos (Hdt. VII 75) and Xenophon (Xen. an. VI

4, 1; Hell. I 3, 2; III 2) onwards and is attested

by numerous inscriptions from Bithynia contai-

ning Thracian personal names, the indigenous

population of Bithynia was of Thracian origin; for

detailed information about the Thracian ethni-

city of Bithynia see Corsten 2006: 85, dn. 1;

Corsten 2007; also cf. Fol 1970; Fol 1972.

3 For the name of Filoum°na see Pape – Bense-

ler 1959: 1629; LGPN I: 470; IIIA: 461 s.v. “Fi-loum°na”.

3 The genetivus form of Pãthw seems here

unchanged. In an inscription the genetivus form

seems as Pãtevw see note 1 & 3. As mentioned

above the name is rarely attested in inscription so

159

we are not sure about the exact genetivus form of

Pãthw.

3 gunã = gunÆ.

4. GRAVE OF TIMOTHES SON OF

TIMOTHEOS, HIS WIFE DEMETRIA

DAUGHTER OF ARKHELAIOS(?),

AND HIS DAUGHTER TRYPHOSA

(Photo 4)

Inv. No. : A.95.3.1

Provenance : Ere¤li, A¤a Camii (Mosque of

A¤a)

Measurements : H: 0.84 m; W: 0.63 m; D:

0.20 m; LH: 0.014 m - 0.022m.

Date : 1st-3rd century A.D. (on the

basis of reliefs and letter forms)

Rectangular white marble stele with a triangular

pediment of which top corner is broken and cor-

ner acroters. There is a relief of a circular roset-

3

160

te/patera? carved in the mid-upper part of the pe-

diment. In the middle of the stele is a rectangular

recess with the bust reliefs of three people

(Demetria, Tryphosa, Timothes); from left to

right two women dressed in khiton and himation

pulled up over her heads as a veil and a bearded

man who is dressed in himation; and whose right

arms are held on their left chests in a conventio-

nal greeting pose. Above the recess, there are four

lines of Greek inscription along the pediment,

the first line of which is divided into two parts by

the rosette/patera.

Teimoy∞w Teimoy°ou §t«[n2 Dhmhtr¤a ÉArxela¤o<u> yugãthr, gunØ.

Teimoy°ou §t«n ngÄ. Xa¤rete. Truf«. [sa]4 Teimoy°ou yugãthr §t«n ieÄ. Xa›re.

2 ARXELAIOS lapis.

Timothes, son of Timotheos, (died) at the age of ...; De-

metria, daughter of Arkhelaios(?), wife of Timotheos,

(died) at the age of 53. Farewell ! Tryphosa, daughter

of Timotheos, (died) at the age of 15. Farewell !

1 Teimoy∞w = Timoy∞w. For the name see LGPN I;

IV; VA, s.v. Timoy∞w.

1 & 3 & 4 Teimoy°ou = Timoy°ou. The name of

TeimÒyeow is attested from the inscriptions of

Heraclea Pontica, see IHeraclea 3, 78.

2 ÉArx°laiow should be a genetivus form of a

masculine name considered he is the father of

Dhmhtr¤a; but any form such as this has not been

attested yet; so we think imprecisely that -u should

be written instead of -w. The name of ÉArx°laiowis rarely attested in inscriptions; see IScM I 193 =

SEG 1, 330 (138 A.D.).

3 The name of Truf«sa is attested from the

inscriptions of Heraclea Pontica, see IHeraclea 10,

83; Öztürk – Sönmez 2009: 135-136, no. 8.

5. GRAVE OF ESTATE MANAGERS

TERTIUS AND HIS WIFE AUGE

(Photo 5)

Inv. No. : A.95.6.1

Provenance : Ere¤li; Village of Da¤l›ca

Measurements : H: 0.41 m; W: 0.39 m; D:

0.065 m; LH: 0.018 m – 0.03m

Date : 1st-3rd century A.D.

(on the basis of letter forms)

Rectangular white fragmentary marble stele of

which the lower, the upper and the left parts are

broken.

[T°]r.tiow O. [2 ofikonÒmow vac. [.

XairÆmono[w4 §t«n vac. Xa›r[e].

AÎgh ofikonÒm[issa/ow]6 gunØ d¢ Tert[¤ou

§t«n vac. [Xa›re].

Tertius ...., oikonomos of .... Khairemon, .... (died) at theage of .... Farewell !; Oikonomissa/Oikonomos Auge,also wife of Tertius, (died) at the age of .... Farewell !

4

161

2 & 5 ofikonÒmow is used for expressing the termestate-manager/steward administrator for bothmasculines and feminines; but also the term of ofi-konÒmissa means “wife of ofikonÒmow (see Lid-dell – Scott 1996: 1204, s.v. “ofikonÒmow” and “ofi-konÒmissa”). Probably, the women used to exe-cute the same or the look a-like work directly, aswell (INikaia 1062) or after their husbands deaththey undertake the management of the farms,household or landed estate in the name of land orestate owners (Çokbankir 2010: no. 12). Any oi-konomos or oikonomissa is not attested from He-raclea Pontica and its territorium before supri-singly. But many of them are attested from theinscriptions of Bithynia; for oikonomoi see Adak –Akyürek-fiahin 2005: no. 5 (Sapanca); Çokban-kir 2010: no. 1 (oikonomos Strat(e)ios, Modrena/Klaudiopolis); IKalchedon 4, 101; IKios 46, 91(C. Carius, Roman Imp. Period); INikaia 192(Italos, oikonomos, perhaps of Chrestus, 1st-2ndc. A.D.), 196 (Philon, oikonomos of Claudia Galli-ta), 205 (Claudius Thallos, oikonomos of C. Cla-udius Calpurnianus), 753 (C. Carius, RomanImp. Period), 1057 (Cosmianus, 3rd. c. A.D.),1062 (Graptos, oikonomos of Annia Astilla, 3rd c.A.D.), 1201 (Doryphoros, oikonomos of ClaudiaEias), 1292 (Ennius), 1336 (Quirinus, oikonomosof Euangelos, 1st-2nd c. A.D.), 1413 (Euangelos,oikonomos of Antipatris); IPrusa 165 (Herperos,son of Herperos, oikonomos of Tiberius ClaudiusPolio Phaedrus, 2nd c. A.D.); IPrusias 103 (Pan-tagathos, oikonomos of T. Flavius Domitianus De-mokrates, 1st-2nd c. A.D.); TAM IV.1, 57 = Eck1981: 664, no. 57E = fiahin 1984: 160 (Arkhelas,oikonomos of M. Scribonius Capetolinus, Umur-bey/Nicaea) SEG 28, 1015 (Sosylos, oikonomos ofHippon Reglianus, Dacibyza); TAM IV.1, 276(Gaius, oikonomos of Tryphon, Nicomedia); foroikonomissai see INikaia 1466 (Eupraxia, oikono-missa of C. Catillius Claudianus Thrase); IPrusa68 (Anthoussa, oikonomissa of Timotheos, RomanImp. Period); Çokbankir 2010: no. 12 (oikono-

missa Hermione, Eskiflehir Sar›cakaya/BeyyaylaKöyü) and of Pisidia see MAMA VIII 399(oikonomissa Eirene, Killanion Pedion) in AsiaMinor. Finally an unpublished gravestone of oiko-nomoi Kallikarpos and his wife Spendusa is foundin Geyve/Village of Akdo¤an during the epigraph-ical surveys in 2011 under the head of H. S. Öz-türk.

As S. fiahin comments in INikaia 1062, one of themain reasons of increasing number of farms ofthis kind in Bithynia is, doubtless, that the softmaritime climate and the rich water resourceswhich is the characteristic feature of the region,like today.

For general information about these kinds offarms, landholding, landowners, estate managersand steward administrators (oikonomoi & oikono-missai) in Bithynia see Robert 1937: 241; Marek2003: 75; Fernoux 2004: 238-252; Corsten2006; for Roman landholding in Asia Minor seeBroughton 1934; for an imperial estate in Galatiasee Anderson 1937; for slavery and other formsof dependence in Asia Minor see Marinovic et alii1992: 77-138; Weiss 2004: 50-59; 186; for slavetrade in the sout coast of Black Sea (includingHeraclea Pontica), see Avram 2007.

5

162

ment. The upper left corner and the lower part ofthe stele from where the figures end are brokenand missing. In the middle of the stele there is arectangular recess with the relief of a standingmale figure dressed in khiton / himation and hisright arm is in conventional pose on his left chestfor greeting. There is also a standing male (pos-sibly the son), portrayed frontally on the left cor-ner, who is dressed in khiton.

[ca. 3]?.Ò.yhw ÉArtemid≈rou §t«n [1-2], 2 [ca. 3]? uflÚw aÈtoË §t«n gÄ. Xa¤re[te?]

….-othes, son of Artemidoros, (died) at the age of….; his son ...(died) at the age of 3. Farewell !

1 The first letter after breakage should be o or v.The names that are known ending with -Òyhw are“DvrÒyhw (LGPN I), ÑErmÒyhw (LGPN VA), Ti-mÒyhw (LGPN I; IV; VA)”; TimÒyhw is also attestedin no. 4 in this article; for the list of names that areknown ending with -≈yhw see Hansen 1957: 158.

2 If there is, the name of the son in breakageshould consist of only three letters according tospace and possible completion in the first line,but it seems questionable; so the name may notbe mentioned in inscription as considered he wasonly three years old when he died.

7. GRAVE OF A MAN (MENIOS?)(Photo 7a-b)

Inv. No. : A.1992.78Provenance : Ere¤liMeasurements : H: 0.37 m; W: 0.16 m;

D: 0.22 m; LH: 0,015 m – 0,025 m.

Date : 1st-3rd century A.D. (on the basis of letter forms)

A rectangular white marble ostotheke of which leftpart is broken and missing.

For more information about oikonomos (= ofi-konÒmow) and oikonomissa (= ofikonÒmissa) seealso Landvogt 1908; Ziebarth 1937.

4 & 7 Any traces of letters can not be seen afterthe terms of both §t«n. The stele possibly wasprepared when they were alive and the ages werewritten with paint when they died; the paint wascleaned by the time.

6. GRAVE OF A MAN, SON OF ARTEMIDOROS AND HIS SON

(Photo 6)

Inv. No. : 2003.2AProvenance : Alapl› Measurements : H: 0.39 m; W: 0.30 m; D:

0.10 m; LH: 0.01 – 0.015 m.Date : 2nd-3rd century A.D. (on the

basis of reliefs and letter forms)

Rectangular white marble stele with a triangularpediment. The possible right and left corner ac-roters are broken and missing. There is a relief ofcircular rosette carved in the middle of the pedi-

6

8. GRAVE OF AN ANONYMOUS MAN AND HIS WIFE

(Photo 8)

Inv. No. : A.95.1.16Provenance : Ere¤liMeasurements : H: 0.30 m; W: 0.18 m;

D: 0.05 m; LH: 0.016 m – 0.02 m

Date : Ist-3rd century A.D. (on thebasis of relief and letter forms)

Rectangular white marble fragmentary stele ofwhich the lower, the right and the left parts arebroken and missing. Only the head of a womanis seen (possibly dressed in khiton and himation)in the middle of the stele

]vnow §t«n ob.Ä2 g]unØ §t«n vac. X[a¤rete].

163

8

[- - -]m. hniow2 [- - -]. Xa›re.

….menios……. Farewell !

1 Here, there should be a name ending with

-mhniow. For the list of the names ending with

-mhniow see Hansen 1957: 238. According to the

measurements of the ostotheke and possible

enough space, it is also possible to identify the

name as MÆniow which is a theophoric name

based on the god Men (see McLean 2002: 79).

The name is attested from the inscriptions of

Heraclea Pontica, see IHeraclea 33, 72. Also the

name NoumÆniow is attested from Herakleiotai

(the citizens bearing the ethnic ÑHrakle≈thw/

-«tiw) in Athens (see Avram, PPEE, no. 1463-

1469; 4th-1st cent. B.C.) who were commented

as slaves but it should not be forgotten it is hard

to isolate the Pontic Heraclea from the many

other cities with the same name in the Greek

world (see Avram 2007: 246).

7a

7b

..... (died) at the age of 72; .... wife of ..... (died) at the

age of ..... Farewell !

2 The lack of the woman’s age may be commen-

ted as the stele was prepared when she was alive

and after her death the age was written with paint

but cleaned by the time.

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

Adak – Akyürek-fiahin 2005 = M. Adak – N. E.Akyürek-fiahin, “Katalog der Inschriften imMuseum von Adapazar›”, Gephyra 2 (2005),133-172.

Anderson 1937 = J. G. C. Anderson, “AnImperial Estate in Galatia”, JRS 27.1, Part 1:Papers Presented to Sir Henry Stuart Jones(1937), 18-21.

AnzPHK = Anzeiger der Österreichische Akademieder Wissenschaften, Philosophisch-HistorischeKlasse

ArkSan = Arkeoloji ve Sanat DergisiAvram 2007 = A. Avram, “Some Thoughts about

the Black Sea and the Slave Trade before theRoman Domination (6th-1st Centuries BC)”,in: Gabrielsen – Lund 2007: 239-252.

Avram, PPEE = A. Avram, Prosopographia PontiEuxini Externe (forthcoming)

BÉ = Bulletin ÉpigraphiqueBekker-Nielsen 2006 = T. Bekker-Nielsen (Ed.),

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