bus101 ch07 complete

8/2/2019 BUS101 Ch07 Complete

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ManagementInformationSystemsMANAGINGTHEDIGITALFIRM,12THEDITION

TELECOMMUNICATIONS,THEINTERNET,

ANDWIRELESSTECHNOLOGY

Chapter7


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ManagementInformationSystems

NetworkingandcommunicaBonTrendsConvergence:

TelephonenetworksandcomputernetworksconvergingintosingledigitalnetworkusingInternetstandards

E.g.cablecompaniesprovidingvoiceserviceroadband:

Morethan60%U.S.Internetusershavebroadbandaccessroadbandwireless:

VoiceanddatacommunicaAonaswellasInternetaccessareincreasinglytakingplaceoverbroadbandwirelessplaCorms

TelecommunicationsandNetworkinginTodaysBusinessWorld

CHAPTER7:TELECOMMUNICATIONS,THEINTERNET,


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Whatisacomputernetwork?TwoormoreconnectedcomputersMajorcomponentsinsimplenetwork lientcomputer Servercomputer Networkinterfaces(NIs) onnecAonmedium NetworkoperaAngsystem Huborswitch

Routers Deviceusedtoroutepacketsofdatathroughdifferentnetworks,ensuringthatdatasentgetstothecorrectaddress




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Componentsofnetworksinlargecompanies Hundredsoflocalareanetworks(LANs)linkedtofirmwidecorporatenetwork

Variouspowerfulservers Website orporateintranet,extranet Backendsystems

MobilewirelessLANs(Wi-Finetworks) Videoconferencingsystem TelephonenetworkWirelesscellphones




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KeynetworkingtechnologiesClient/servercompuBng

DistributedcompuAngmodel lientslinkedthroughnetworkcontrolledbynetworkservercomputer

ServersetsrulesofcommunicaAonfornetworkandprovideseveryclientwithanaddresssootherscanfinditonthenetwork

HaslargelyreplacedcentralizedmainframecompuAng TheInternet:LargestimplementaAonofclient/servercompuAng




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Keynetworkingtechnologies(cont.)Packetswitching

Methodofslicingdigitalmessagesintoparcels(packets),sendingpacketsalongdifferentcommunicaAonpathsastheybecomeavailable,andthenreassemblingpacketsatdesAnaAon

Previouscircuit-switchednetworksrequiredassemblyofcompletepoint-to-pointcircuit

PacketswitchingmoreefficientuseofnetworkscommunicaAonscapacity




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Keynetworkingtechnologies(cont.)TCP/IPandconnecBvity

ConnecBvitybetweencomputersenabledbyprotocols Protocols:RulesthatgoverntransmissionofinformaAonbetweentwopoints TransmissionControlProtocol/InternetProtocol(TCP/IP)

ommonworldwidestandardthatisbasisforInternet DepartmentofDefensereferencemodelforTCP/IP

Fourlayers1. pplicaAonlayer2. Transportlayer3. Internetlayer4. Networkinterfacelayer




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Signals:digitalvs.analogModem:Translatesdigitalsignalsintoanalogform

Typesofnetworks Local-areanetworks(LANs)

ampus-areanetworks(Ns) Peer-to-peer Topologies:star,bus,ring

Metropolitanandwide-areanetworks Wide-areanetworks(WNs) Metropolitan-areanetworks(MNs)




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PhysicaltransmissionmediaTwistedwire(modems)Coaxialcable FiberopBcsandopBcalnetworks

DensewavelengthdivisionmulAplexing(DWDM)Wirelesstransmissionmediaanddevices

Microwave Satellites ellulartelephones

Transmissionspeed(hertz,bandwidth)




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WhatistheInternet?InternetAddressingandArchitecture

TheDomainNameSystemHierarchicalstructureTop-leveldomains

InternetArchitectureandGovernanceNoformalmanagement:IB,INN,W3

TheFutureInternet:IPv6andInternet2

TheGlobalInternet



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Internetservicesincludethefollowing:E-mailCha^ngandinstantmessaging

NewsgroupsTelnet FileTransferProtocol(FTP)WorldWideWebVoIPVirtualprivatenetwork(VPN)

TheGlobalInternet





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TheWorldWideWebHTML(HypertextMarkupLanguage):

FormatsdocumentsfordisplayonWebHypertextTransferProtocol(HTTP):

ommunicaAonsstandardusedfortransferringWebpages

Uniformresourcelocators(URLs): ddressesofWebpages

E.g.h`p://www.megacorp.com/content/features/082602.htmlWebservers

SowareforlocaAngandmanagingWebpages

TheGlobalInternet





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TheWorldWideWeb(cont.)Searchengines

Startedinearly1990sasrelaAvelysimplesowareprogramsusingkeywordindexes

Today,majorsourceofInternetadverAsingrevenueviasearchenginemarkeAng,usingcomplexalgorithmsandpagerankingtechniquestolocateresults

Shoppingbots UseintelligentagentsowareforsearchingInternetforshoppinginformaAon

TheGlobalInternet





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Web2.0 Fourdefiningfeatures

1. InteracAvity2. Real-Ameusercontrol3. SocialparAcipaAon4. User-generatedcontent

Technologiesandservicesbehindthesefeatures loudcompuAng Blogs/RSS Mashups&widgets Wikis Socialnetworks

TheGlobalInternet





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Web3.0theSemanBcWeb EffortofW3toaddmeaningtoexisAngWeb Makesearchingmorerelevanttouser

Othervisions MoreintelligentcompuAng 3DWebPervasiveWeb

IncreaseincloudcompuAng,SaaS UbiquitousconnecAvitybetweenmobileandotheraccessdevices

MakeWebamoreseamlessexperience

TheGlobalInternet





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CellularsystemsCompeBngstandardsforcellularservice

DM:UnitedStates GSM:Restofworld,plusT&TandT-Mobile

Third-generaBon(3G)networks SuitableforbroadbandInternetaccess144Kbps2Mbps

4Gnetworks EnArelypacket-switched 100Mbps1Gbps

TheWirelessRevolution





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WirelesscomputernetworksandInternetaccessluetooth(802.15)

Linksupto8devicesin10-marea Usefulforpersonalnetworking(PNs)andinbusinesstotransmitdatafromhandhelddevicestoothertransmi`ers

Wi-Fi(802.11) Setofstandards:802.11a,802.11b,802.11g,802.11n UsedforwirelessLNandwirelessInternetaccess Useaccesspoints:Devicewithradioreceiver/transmi`erforconnecAngwirelessdevicestoawiredLN






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WirelesscomputernetworksandInternetaccessWi-Fi(cont.)

Hotspots:ccesspointsinpublicplacetoprovidemaximumwirelesscoverageforaspecificarea

WeaksecurityfeaturesWiMax(802.16)

Wirelessaccessrangeof31miles RequireWiMaxantennas SprintNextelbuildingWiMaxnetworkasfoundaAonfor4Gnetworks






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RadiofrequencyidenBficaBon(RFID)UseBnytagswithembeddedmicrochipscontainingdataaboutanitemandlocaBon,andantenna

TagstransmitradiosignalsovershortdistancestospecialRFIDreaders,whichsenddataovernetworktocomputerforprocessing

AcBveRFID:Tagshaveba`eries,datacanberewri`en,rangeishundredsoffeet,moreexpensive

PassiveRFID:Rangeisshorter,alsosmaller,lessexpensive,poweredbyradiofrequencyenergy






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RadiofrequencyidenBficaBon(RFID)(cont.)Commonuses:utomatedtoll-collecAonTrackinggoodsinasupplychain

Requirescompaniestohavespecialhardwareandsoware

ReducBonincostoftagsmakingRFIDviableformanyfirms






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Wirelesssensornetworks(WSNs)Networksofhundredsorthousandsofinterconnectedwirelessdevicesembeddedintophysicalenvironmenttoprovidemeasurementsofmanypointsoverlargespaces

Deviceshavebuilt-inprocessing,storage,andradiofrequencysensorsandantennas

Requirelow-power,long-lasAngba`eriesandabilitytoendureinthefieldwithoutmaintenance

Usedtomonitorbuildingsecurity,detecthazardoussubstancesinair,monitorenvironmentalchanges,traffic,ormilitaryacBvity




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