cae lec1 sep14
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Computer Aided Engineering
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)
Course planSep 2014
Courtesy of: Courtesy of Dr.Mohammad Shakir Nasif
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Prof Dr A Rashid A Aziz (368 8484)AP Ir. Dr Mokhtar Awang (368 7204)
Rahmat Shazi, PhD (368 7161)
Email: [email protected]
Course planSep 2014
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Courtesy of Dr. Mohammad ShakirNasif
At the end of this course, students should be able to:
Demonstrate the underlying principles of Computer Aided
Engineering (Computational Fluid Dynamics and Finite ElementMethod).
Construct models using Finite Element/Volume/Difference.
Apply the applications in specific engineering problems.
Generate simulation of engineering problems using specific
commercial software.
Course outcomes
Course planSep 2014
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Text Books
1. Computational Fluid Dynamics: the basics with applications
By; Anderson, McGraw Hill
2. Introduction to Heat Transfer
By: Incropera, Wiley
Course planSep 2014
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Course
Outline
5
WEEK DATES TOPICS Assignments Remarks
1 21st -28th Sep Introduction to CFD
2 29th Sep- 5th Oct Discretization
1D
3 6th-12th Oct Discretization2D
Assignment 1
released and quiz
1
4 13th-19th Oct Steady heat
transfer
5 20th-26th Oct Unsteady heat
transfer
Assignment 2
released and quiz
2Deepavali on
22nd October
Maal Hijrah on
25th Oct6 27th
Oct-2nd
Nov CFD analysis
7 3rd Nov-9th Nov CFD AnalysisTest and CFD
project due
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Course Schedule
6
3 Lectures/week
CFD Lab: as in the
time table, startingWeek 2 till Week 5,
followed by GAs
support for projectexecution
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Study materialStudy materials include the following:Lecture material.
Material posted on e-learning.Labs materials.
Text books.
Other references available in the library.Students are responsible to read
through the above materials.
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CAE/CFD Grading
8
Coursework 50%
Tests 20%
Quizzes/Assignments 15% Project 15%
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Additional I nformationAttendanceEvery student is responsible for all thematerials including announcementsextended during the lecture and on the e-learning website.
Students who are absent for more than10% of the total hours without prior writtenpermission may be barred from sitting forthe final examination.
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Evaluation
Assignments and projects: Students are required to attemptthe assignments listed in the course schedule. The
assignments are due before 5 pm on the dates given in thecourse schedule and to be submitted in the respectivelecturers pigeon hole in building 17. Penalty for latesubmission is as follows:
Penalty:Penalty: 1 day late: 5%
2 days late: 10%
3 days late: 20%4 days late: 30%
5 days late: 40%1 week late: 50%
>1 week latewill not normally be assessed
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Tests: There will be ONE test conducted.Tentative dates for the tests will be given
in e-learning.Any changes will be announced during thelecture prior to the test dates. Discuss any
potential conflicts well before the testsdates. Calculators are allowed in the tests.
Final Exam: The final exam iscomprehensive. Just like the tests, non-
programmable calculators are allowed.ANY ACADEMIC DISHONESTY WILLRESULT IN A FAILING GRADE
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Important notes
1. Attendance will be recorded. Students must perform at
least 90% of class attendance. Those who fail to obey
will be barred from sitting the final exams.
2. Never ever sign the attendance sheet on behalf of others.Attendance will be checked randomly.
3. All quizzes will be conducted in the first 10 - 15 minutes
of the lectures.
4. No food or drinks to be consumed during lectures andlabs.
5. You are not allowed to answer calls and make calls.
Switch off or silent your mobiles during lectures and labs
Course plan
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Important notes for quizzes, tests
and examsOnly non-programmable calculator arepermitted.
Smart phones and tablets (IPadetc)are not permitted.
No sharing of calculators
There will be 2 to 3 postgraduatesstudents assisting me in the invigilationin quizzes, testsetc.
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Courtesy of Dr. Mohammad ShakirNasif
1. Introduction to CAE
1.1. Definitions1.2. Why and what is
Numerical Methods
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ComputerAided Design (CAD)
Courtesy of Dr. Mohammad ShakirNasif
The technology concerned with the use of computersystems
to assist in the:
creation,
modification
analysis
optimization
of a design
1. Introduction to CAE
1.1. Definitions
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ComputerAided Manufacturing (CAM)
Courtesy of Dr. Mohammad ShakirNasif
The technology concerned with the use of computersystems
to :
Plan
Manage
Control of manufactur ing operation
Through either direct or indirect use of computer interfacing
1. Introduction to CAE
1.1. Definitions
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ComputerAided Engineering (CAE)
The technology concerned with the use of computersystems
to :
Analyze CAD geometry
Allowing the designer to simulate and study how the product(or the fluid flow or heat transfer or forces) will behave so
that the design can be refined and optimized.
1. Introduction to CAE
1.1. Definitions
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Why we need to do simulation using mathematicalequations? In other words cant we obtain the
details by doing experimental measurements ?
1. Introduction to CAE,
1.2. Numerical Methods
Computational modelling has advantages over experimentaltechniques in the investigation of flow, temperature and moisture,
stress, strain, etc distribution where the introduction of
instrumentation into the flow paths would influence the flow
structure.
With numerical simulation, it is possible to obtain the above
information without the need to physically build the model and test it
experimentally (i.e. cheaper).
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1. Introduction to CAE,
How Computers Aid Engineers
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We might model water flow from water tap by dividing it into 1000
parts and use mathematical fluid flow equations to obtain the details
of these parts (i.e. velocity, flow profile).If you divide it into few number of parts, your simulation will not be
accurate.
If you divide it into too many parts, your computer will take long
time calculating the result!
1. Introduction to CAE,
How Computers Aid Engineers
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Example of simulation by dividing the model into parts called mesh.
Calculation will be performed at each node to obtain the details (i.e.
temperature, velocity, flow profile, stress, strainetc) at these parts.
1. Introduction to CAE,
1.2. Numerical Methods
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Where CAE used? Aerospace Automotive
Biomedical Chemical Processing HVAC Hydraulics Marine Oil & Gas
Power Generation Sports Fire
Temperature and natural
convect ion cu rrents in the eyefol low ing laser heating.
Aerospace
Automotive
Biomedical
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In many engineering applications, computers are used to aid
engineers by predicting the temperature, flow profile, stress and
strain distribution, smoke movementetc.
Many software have been developed to perform the simulation
So what are we going to learn/study in this course?
We will study and understand how the software work and the
method used in solving mathematical equations related to fluid
flow, heat and mass transfer and solid mechanics.
If the software can do the simulation, why we need to study the
CAE?
Hummm, because.
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Because for some who can use computers, they can run the software, but
the argument is, are the results valid?
Obviously not because the results needs to be checked, analysed
validated and verified before consider the results are valid.
Therefore UTPMechanical Engineering Department is offering theCAE course for the students so that students know how the software run
and are able to perform analysis to see if the results obtained are valid or
not.
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Using computer software to do simulation is significantly
increasing in the world. Simply because using computer
simulation will save money and time
Therefore engineers with computer simulation skills are in
high demand in the world
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CFD Jobs in Malaysia
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In the first half of this courseYou will learn about computer simulation influids and solids to study fluid flow, velocity,temperature, mass distribution profiles, which
is called Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD).
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Computational Fluid Dynamics
(CFD).
In heat transfer you learn how to calculate a heat exchangeroutlet temperature by using effectivenessNTU method and/or
Log Mean Temperature (LMT) method. But both methods do not
show us the internal temperature and velocity distribution in a
heat exchanger.
CFD techniques are able to give us the internal temperature and
velocity distribution in a heat exchanger.
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SIMULATIONS VSEXPERIMENTS
1 Introduction to CAE
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Analytical Solution vs Numerical Solution
gives gives
Exactbehavior of the
system at any point
Approximation of the exact
solution at selected point
T1T2 T1
T2
1. Introduction to CAE,
1.2. Numerical Methods
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By Li-Zhi Zhang, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 50 (2007) 151162
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37
Modeling (governing equations)Navier-Stokes equations (3D in Cartesian coordinates)
2
2
2
2
2
2
z
u
y
u
x
u
x
p
z
u
wy
u
vx
u
ut
u
2
2
2
2
2
2
z
v
y
v
x
v
y
p
z
vw
y
vv
x
vu
t
v
0
z
w
y
v
x
u
t
RTp
Convection Piezometric pressure gradient Viscous termsLocalacceleration
Continuity equation
Equation of state
2
2
2
2
2
2
z
w
y
w
x
w
z
p
z
ww
y
wv
x
wu
t
w
Wow, so complicated equations , so how CFD can solve it?
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We can see that previous equation are complicated and
difficult to solve.
In CFD, we use discretisation techniques to convert theprevious complicated first order and second orderpartial differential equations to simple algebraicequations which be solved with small error.
So this is what discretisation means
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Numerical methodsThe continuous Initial Boundary Value Problems(partial differential equations) are discretised intoalgebraic equations using numerical methods.
Assemble the system of algebraic equations and solve
the system to get approximate solutionsNumerical methods include:1. Discretisation methods
2. Solvers and numerical parameters
3. Grid generation and transformation
4. High Performance Computation (HPC) and post-processing
So what are the component of the
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So what are the component of the
software?1. Pre processor: Here you will create the geometry,
generate the mesh and define boundary conditions (see
below example on cooling towers
By Rafat Al Waked (2004)
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3. PostprocessorBy Rafat Al Waked (2004)
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Some modelling work using CFDResearch has been done on showers to study water
distribution on human body and how to conserve waterPre-processor:
By
Darren
Woolf
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The software solverperformed discritisation
and solved the relevant equations
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Postprocessor: Results presented as follows
By
Darren
Woolf
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By
Darren
Woolf
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By
Darren
Woolf
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By
Darren
Woolf
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And there are many many many moreexamples on research and projectsdone using CFD and in general CFD.
In other words there is no limit on workdone using CFD
(i.e. the sky is the limit)