ceilometer for the aerosol profiling: opportunities and limits
DESCRIPTION
CEILOMETER FOR THE AEROSOL PROFILING: OPPORTUNITIES AND LIMITS Fabio Madonna, Ioannis Binietoglou, D’Amico Giuseppe, Gelsomina Pappalardo Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Metodologie per l’Analisi Ambientale (CNR-IMAA) [email protected]. Lidar Techniques. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
ACCENT Symposium Sept. 17-20,Urbino (Italy)
CEILOMETER FOR THE AEROSOL PROFILING:
OPPORTUNITIES AND LIMITS
Fabio Madonna, Ioannis Binietoglou, D’Amico Giuseppe, Gelsomina Pappalardo
Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Metodologie per l’Analisi Ambientale (CNR-IMAA)
ACCENT Symposium Sept. 17-20,Urbino (Italy)
Lidar TechniquesRaman and HSRL: α+β with no assumption on the
lidar ratio S (only angstrom coefficient assumed with very low errors)
Advanced lidar technique (multi-wavelength)
Elastic: β using Klett or Fernald methods, assumption of S, constant throughout the profile.
Basic lidar technique: backscatter lidars and ceilometers (using ancillary measurements)
Advanced lidars
ACCENT Symposium Sept. 17-20,Urbino (Italy)
0
2
4
6
8
10
0.000 0.002 0.004 0.006
PEARL - Potenza, Italy, (40.60°N, 15.73°E), 20 April 2010, 21:00 - 23:05 UTC
355 532 1064
Back. Coeff.
(sr-1km-1)
Alti
tud
e a
.s.l.
(km
)
0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20Ext. Coeff.
(km-1)
0 60 120Lidar Ratio
(sr)
-2 0 2 4
b532
+b1064
b532
+b355
a355
+a532
Angströmexponent
0.0 0.2 0.4
Particle LinearDepolarization ratio
From multi-wavelenght Raman lidars it is possible to calculate secondary optical data:
Color ratios β(1064 nm)/β(532 nm)β(532 nm)/β(355 nm)α(532 nm)/α(355 nm)Lidar ratios (355, 532 nm)Ångström exponentsα-relatedΒ-related
Chacterization of whole uncertainty budget.
0
2
4
6
8
10
0.000 0.002 0.004 0.006
PEARL - Potenza, Italy, (40.60°N, 15.73°E), 20 April 2010, 21:00 - 23:05 UTC
355 532 1064
Back. Coeff.
(sr-1km-1)
Alti
tud
e a
.s.l.
(km
)
0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20Ext. Coeff.
(km-1)
0 60 120Lidar Ratio
(sr)
-2 0 2 4
b532
+b1064
b532
+b355
a355
+a532
Angströmexponent
0.0 0.2 0.4
Particle LinearDepolarization ratio
ACCENT Symposium Sept. 17-20,Urbino (Italy)
Moreover we can: ► Check whether these data make sense in the present scenario.
► Re-evaluate your data, if you find “strange“ results!!!
► In one word, “quality assurance”.
From multi-wavelenght Raman lidars it is possible to calculate secondary optical data:
Color ratios β(1064 nm)/β(532 nm)β(532 nm)/β(355 nm)α(532 nm)/α(355 nm)Lidar ratios (355, 532 nm)Ångström exponentsα-relatedΒ-related
Chacterization of whole uncertainty budget.
Advanced lidars
Werner
Ceilometers for aerosol profiling: potential world ceilometer network
ACCENT Symposium Sept. 17-20,Urbino (Italy)Courtesy of W. Thomas
Courtesy of W. ThomasACCENT Symposium Sept. 17-20,Urbino (Italy)
Ceilometers for aerosol profiling: potential world ceilometer network
Werner
ACCENT Symposium Sept. 17-20,Urbino (Italy)
… focus on Europe
From two independent measurements¥ Identification of scattering type (aerosol particles, cloud droplets, ice crystals, some aerosol type information)‡ A ceilometer is a single-wavelength, low-power lidar, with lower S/N ratio§ if calibrated[1] Estimate only# m > 2[2] Most Raman lidar systems operate
during night-time. 24h Raman lidar
systems exist and their operability has
been proved, however few systems
nowadays operate Raman channels also
during daytime; HSRL is independent of
daytime.
d= only daytime, n= only night time
Official Request for Provision of a Table of Capabilities and Accuracies of Detection Methods based on ICAO-IVATF/2 WP05
Ground-based Lidartechniques
Geo. propert
ies
a a S AOD å å type¥ Microphys. prop.
ceilometer‡ §
Ceilo+sun photo.
(d) (d)
Ceilo+sun photo.+ depol
(d)1 (d) (limited)
Backscatter lidar 1-λ
Backscatter lidar 1-λ + sun photo.
(d)1 (d)
Backscatter lidar 1-λ + sun photo.+ depol
(d)1 (d) (d) (limited)
Backscatter lidar m-λ♯
Backscatter lidar m-λ♯ + sun photo.
(d)1 (d) (d)1 (d) 1
Backscatter lidar m-λ♯ + sun photo.+ depol
(d)1 (d) (d)1 (d) 1
Ceilometer profiling… which products can be retrieved using a ceilometer…
ACCENT Symposium Sept. 17-20,Urbino (Italy)
Aerosol detection
ACCENT Symposium Sept. 17-20,Urbino (Italy)
Comparison of the arrival time of the first ash cloud over Europe on 16 and 17 April 2010 from ceilometer observations from the DWD ceilonet (circles) and from MCCM simulation (shading).The arrival times refer to 3 km height. The colours indicate thearrival times (6 h intervals, scale to the right). Black circles indicate sites without measurements, white circles that no ash cloud could be detected at this site.
Emeis et al.: The 16/17 April 2010 Eyjafjallajökull volcanic ash layer dispersion
Backscattering coefficientThis is the only product that can be inferred from ceilometer data. Several algorithms have been proposed and classified as:
→ FORWARD approaches: use a backscattering reference to calculate the calibration constant
PROS: ancillary co-located Raman lidar measurements only for short periods
CONS: only cloud free, periodic re-calibration, long time a veraging (~ 2 h)→ BACKWARD approaches: use ancillary estimation of lidar ratio or aerosol optical thickness (AOD)
PROS: use of ancillary measurements from sun photometer nephelometer (automatic and low-cost devices)
CONS: need for ancillary measurements of AOD (daytime), mainly in clear skies, long time averaging (> 2-3 h)
ACCENT Symposium Sept. 17-20,Urbino (Italy)
… potential discrepancies on various products not “easy” to be retrieved using a ceilometer
though using several assumptions…• Backscattering: > 10 - 20 % (Wiegner et al., 2012), but
need to checked over large datasets (calibration error highly relevant!)
• Extinction: > Backscattering discrepancy + lidar ratio assumption (even larger than 50 %)
• Effective radius: < 50 % using 4 backscattering profiles with σβ<10% (Veselovsky et al., 2008)
• Mass concentration: > Extinction discrepancy
ACCENT Symposium Sept. 17-20,Urbino (Italy)
ACCENT Symposium Sept. 17-20,Urbino (Italy)
Aerosol layeringPEARL 1064 nm ramge corrected
signalCHM15k 1064 nm ramge corrected
signal
He
igh
t (m
a.g
.l.)
7.5
6.0
4.5
3.0
1.5
0.0
u.a. u.a.
AOD532nm = 0.12
20 21 22 UTC 20 21 22 UTC
CT25k not sensitive to aerosol layers in the FT
ACCENT Symposium Sept. 17-20,Urbino (Italy)
Sensitivity: layer detection
Sensitivity: layer detection% of layers observed by MUSA lidar in 2010 at CIAO
Observatory (Potenza) but also detected by the ceilometer
- Above 5 km no sensitivity
- Nighttime < 5km, Day < 3km
ACCENT Symposium Sept. 17-20,Urbino (Italy)
0.0000000 0.0000002 0.0000004 0.0000006 0.0000008 0.00000100
50
100
150
200
250
Fre
qu
en
cy o
f occ
urr
en
ce
Attenuated backscattering (a.u.)
CHM15k 1064 nm MUSA 1064 nm
2000 < z < 4500 m
Attenuated backscattering
ACCENT Symposium Sept. 17-20,Urbino (Italy)
Frequency of occurrence of attenuated backscattering values for simultaneous observations performed by MUSA lidar and CHM15k ceilometer in 2010 at CIAO Observatory (Potenza)
► Only night time only observations.► Same vertical and time resolutions.► Differences below 2.0 km due to overlap and detection issues► Better agreement above 2.0 km
0.0000000 0.0000002 0.0000004 0.0000006 0.0000008 0.00000100
10
20
30
40
CHM15k 1064 nm MUSA 1064 nm
0 < z < 2000 m
Fre
qu
en
cy o
f occ
urr
en
ce
Attenuated backscattering (a.u.)
0.0000000 0.0000002 0.0000004 0.0000006 0.0000008 0.00000100
50
100
150
200
250
300
CHM15k 1064 nm MUSA 1064 nm
0 < z < 4500 m
Fre
qu
en
cy o
f occ
urr
en
ce
Attenuated backscattering (a.u.)
20002500
30003500
40004500
1E-6
1E-5
1E-4
1E-3
0.0000000
0.0000002
0.00000040.0000006
0.00000080.0000010
Atte
nuat
ed
back
scat
terin
g (a
.u.)
Ext
inct
ion
co
effi
cie
nt (
m-1
)
Height (m a.g.l.)
Beta vs Alfa vs Height
ACCENT Symposium Sept. 17-20,Urbino (Italy)
MUSA lidar observation, 2010, CIAO
355 nm extinction coefficient from MUSA
20002500
30003500
40004500
1E-6
1E-5
1E-4
1E-3
0.0000000
0.0000002
0.00000040.0000006
0.00000080.0000010
Atte
nuat
ed
back
scat
terin
g (a
.u.)
Ext
inct
ion
co
effi
cie
nt (
m-1
)
Height (m a.g.l.)
ACCENT Symposium Sept. 17-20,Urbino (Italy)
Beta vs Alfa vs HeightCHM15k ceilometer observation, 2010, CIAO
355 nm extinction coefficient from MUSA
20002500
30003500
40004500
1E-6
1E-5
1E-4
1E-3
0.0000000
0.0000002
0.00000040.0000006
0.00000080.0000010
Atte
nuat
ed
back
scat
terin
g (a
.u.)
Ext
inct
ion
co
effi
cie
nt (
m-1
)
Height (m a.g.l.)
ACCENT Symposium Sept. 17-20,Urbino (Italy)
Beta vs Alfa vs HeightCHM15k ceilometer observation, 2010, CIAO
Lower values with increasing height and extinction (low SNR)
355 nm extinction coefficient from MUSA
ACCENT Symposium Sept. 17-20,Urbino (Italy)
SummaryCeilometers show a good potential for aerosol profiling but they are limited:•Aerosol detection:
► promising in synergy with lidars and/or transport/chemical models.
•Aerosol optical and microphysical properties: ► backscattering coefficient only
•Aerosol layering in the lower tropopshere: ► feasible but sensitivity limited in the free troposphere
•Ceilometers as an aerosol observation technology ► improvements are needed for both the receiver and
detection parts
Ceilometers in network around an anchor station
ACCENT Symposium Sept. 17-20,Urbino (Italy)
ACCENT Symposium Sept. 17-20,Urbino (Italy)
ThanksAcknowledgements The financial support of European Commission grants RICA-025991 EARLINET-ASOS and 262254 ACTRIS, and the financial support of the national project “Programma Operativo Nazionale (PON) – Regione Basilicata 2000/2006” are gratefully acknowledged. This work has been also partially supported by the EU FP7 project WEZARD (Weather hazards for aeronautics) grant agreement no. 285050.