Cell OrganellesCell OrganellesUnit 2: CellsUnit 2: Cells

Ch. 7-2Ch. 7-2

Let’s Review!Let’s Review!Two cell typesTwo cell types

Prokaryotes (Prokaryotic Prokaryotes (Prokaryotic Cells)Cells)

Eukaryotes (Eukaryotic Cells)Eukaryotes (Eukaryotic Cells)

Prokaryotes Prokaryotes - Bacteria- Bacteria No Nucleus No Membrane bound organelles.

EukaryotesEukaryotes Have a nucleus Have membrane bound organelles

Nucleus

Two Types of Eukaryotic CellsTwo Types of Eukaryotic Cells

1.1. Animal CellAnimal Cell2.2. Plant CellPlant Cell

Both cells Both cells function function similarly similarly

Cell OrganellesCell OrganellesOrganelle Organelle = “little organs”= “little organs” Specialized structures that Specialized structures that

perform specific jobs perform specific jobs in the cellin the cellFound only in Found only in eukaryotic cellseukaryotic cellsMany are Many are “membrane-bound”“membrane-bound” (a membrane surrounds the organelle)(a membrane surrounds the organelle)All the stuff in between the All the stuff in between the organelles is organelles is cytosol cytosol Everything in a cell except the Everything in a cell except the nucleus is nucleus is cytoplasmcytoplasm

Cell MembraneCell MembraneSurrounds the cell Surrounds the cell andand decides what comes in and decides what comes in and outoutSemi-permeableSemi-permeable: allows : allows nutrients in and waste nutrients in and waste products outproducts outMade of a Made of a phosphophospholipidlipid bilayerbilayerAlso called Also called Plasma Plasma MembraneMembrane

Factory Part:Factory Part: Gates or DoorsGates or Doors

Found in: Found in: Plant cellsPlant cells Animal cellsAnimal cells Prokaryotic cellsProkaryotic cells

NucleusNucleusControl center of the cellControl center of the cellStores DNA Stores DNA (chromosomes)(chromosomes)Surrounded by the nuclear Surrounded by the nuclear membranemembrane Pores let material in and outPores let material in and outAlso contains the Also contains the NucleolusNucleolus, which makes , which makes ribosomesribosomes

Factory Part:Factory Part: Manager’s OfficeManager’s Office

Found in: Found in: Plant cellsPlant cells Animal cellsAnimal cells

RibosomeRibosomeSmallest organelleSmallest organelleNOT surrounded by a NOT surrounded by a membranemembraneMakes proteins Makes proteins according according to DNA instructions.to DNA instructions. Two Types:Two Types:

Free ribosomes:Free ribosomes: float free in float free in cytosol cytosol Bound ribosomes:Bound ribosomes: attached attached to rough ER to rough ER

That looks familiar…what is a That looks familiar…what is a polypeptidepolypeptide??

Factory Part:Factory Part: MachinesMachines

Found in: Found in: Plant cellsPlant cells Animal cellsAnimal cells Prokaryotic cellsProkaryotic cells

Endoplasmic Endoplasmic ReticulumReticulum

Transport system for Transport system for materials in cellmaterials in cellTwo Types:Two Types:Rough ERRough ER: covered : covered with with ribosomes; site of ribosomes; site of protein synthesisprotein synthesisSmooth ERSmooth ER: NO : NO ribosomes; it makes ribosomes; it makes hormones & lipids hormones & lipids

Factory Part:Factory Part: Conveyor BeltsConveyor Belts

Found in: Found in: Plant cellsPlant cells Animal cellsAnimal cells

Golgi ApparatusGolgi ApparatusDelivery system Delivery system of of the cellthe cellCollects, modifies, Collects, modifies, and packages and packages moleculesmolecules in the cell in the cellDistributes and Distributes and transports transports molecules in molecules in vesiclesvesicles

Factory Part:Factory Part: Post office or Post office or

Mail RoomMail Room

Found in: Found in: Plant cellsPlant cells Animal cellsAnimal cells

LysosomesLysosomesClean-up crew Clean-up crew of the of the cellcellContain Contain digestive digestive enzymes enzymes that that break break down down macromolecules macromolecules for for the cell to usethe cell to useRemoves waste Removes waste particlesparticles

Factory Part:Factory Part: JanitorsJanitors

Found in: Found in: Plant cellsPlant cells Animal cellsAnimal cells

MitochondriaMitochondria““PowerhousePowerhouse” of the ” of the cellcellSite of Site of cellular cellular respirationrespirationConvertsConverts energy stored energy stored in food into energy the in food into energy the cell needs – ATPcell needs – ATP

Sugar + Oxygen Carbon dioxide + Water + Sugar + Oxygen Carbon dioxide + Water + ATPATP ATP = Adenosine triphosphateATP = Adenosine triphosphate

Factory Part:Factory Part: Power Plant / Power Plant /

Electrical RoomElectrical Room

Found in: Found in: Plant cellsPlant cells Animal cellsAnimal cells

ChloroplastChloroplastSite of Site of photosynthesisphotosynthesisChanges Changes sunlight sunlight energy into chemical energy into chemical energy (glucose)energy (glucose)Contains green Contains green pigment, pigment, chlorophyllchlorophyllFound only in Found only in plant plant cells and algaecells and algae

Sunlight + Carbon Dioxide + Water Sunlight + Carbon Dioxide + Water Sugar + Oxygen Sugar + Oxygen

Factory Part:Factory Part: Solar Powered Solar Powered

Energy PanelsEnergy Panels

Found in: Found in: Plant cellsPlant cells

Cell WallCell WallRigid, protective Rigid, protective barrier barrier (maintains (maintains cell shape)cell shape)Found inFound in plant and plant and bacterial cellsbacterial cellsLocated Located outsideoutside of of the cell membranethe cell membraneMade of Made of cellulosecellulose (Carbohydrate fiber)(Carbohydrate fiber)

Factory Part:Factory Part: Factory GatesFactory Gates

Found in: Found in: Plant cellsPlant cells Some Prokaryote Some Prokaryote

cellscells

VacuolesVacuolesStorage tankStorage tankHolds water, food, Holds water, food, enzymes, wastes, etcenzymes, wastes, etcLarge Large centralcentral vacuole vacuole usually in plant cellsusually in plant cells Supports cell shape in Supports cell shape in

plantsplantsMany smaller Many smaller vacuoles in animal vacuoles in animal cellscells

Factory Part:Factory Part: Storage roomStorage room

Found in: Found in: Plant cellsPlant cells Animal cells Animal cells

(smaller)(smaller)

Quick ReviewQuick ReviewWhich organelle is the control center of the cell? Which organelle is the control center of the cell? NucleusNucleus

Which organelle holds the cell together?Which organelle holds the cell together?Cell membraneCell membrane

Which organelles are not found in animal cells?Which organelles are not found in animal cells?Cell wall, central vacuole, chloroplastsCell wall, central vacuole, chloroplasts

Which organelle helps plant cells make food?Which organelle helps plant cells make food?ChloroplastsChloroplasts

What does E.R. stand for?What does E.R. stand for?Endoplasmic reticulumEndoplasmic reticulum

Cell City AnalogyCell City Analogy Cell OrganellesCell Organelles City AnalogiesCity Analogies

Cell Membrane City borderCell Wall City WallCytoplasm LawnsEndoplasmic Reticulum Highway or road systemRibosomes Lumber or brick yardGolgi Bodies Post Office or UPSChloroplasts Solar Energy PlantsNuclear Membrane City Hall Fence with security guardMitochondria Energy PlantsNucleus City HallDNA Original Blueprints or the cityRNA Copies of BlueprintsNucleolus Copy MachineLysosomes Waste Disposal/ RecyclersVacuole Warehouses, water towers or garbage dumpsProtoplasm Air or atmosphereChromosomes Rolled up blueprintsProteins Lumber or bricks