11/19/2014

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Ch. 10.1

Jefferson Takes Office

Things get nasty…

• The 1800 election between John

Adams and Thomas Jefferson

was full of nasty personal

attacks.

• Candidates:

– Federalist: John Adams

– Democratic- Republican:

Thomas Jefferson

• Each party believed that the other was

endangering the Constitution & the American

Republic.

What each party believed…

• Democratic-Republicans

– They were saving the nation from monarchy & oppression.

– That the Alien and Sedition Acts violated the Bill of Rights.

• Federalist

– That the nation was about to be ruined by radicals.

– They remembered the violence of the French Revolution, in which radicals executed thousands in the name of liberty.

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Election of 1800

Electoral Votes

Jefferson 73

Democratic-Republicans

Adams 65

Federalists

http://www.iridis.com/glivar/U.S._presidential_election,_1800

Note: The green area is

mostly farmland; Jefferson

was the “Common Man”

president.

Adams carried the area with

more manufacturing and

shipping.

The Democratic-Republicans Win!!!• Total Votes

• Thomas Jefferson – 73

• John Adams – 65

• But wait….

• Votes for Aaron Burr – 73

• Ladies and Gentlemen, we have a tie!!!

Election results

Presidential

CandidateParty State Popular Vote:

Electoral

Vote:

Thomas Jefferson Democratic-

RepublicanVirginia Unknown 73

Aaron Burr Democratic-

RepublicanNew York Unknown 73

John Adams Federalist Massachusetts Unknown 65

Charles Pinckney Federalist South Carolina Unknown 64

John Jay None New York Unknown 1

Democratic Republicans Federalists

Wanted Jefferson as President Wanted Adams as President

Wanted Burr as Vice President Wanted Pinckney as Vice President

http://www.iridis.com/glivar/U.S._presidential_election,_1800

Remember: The man with the most votes is president,

and the one with the second most votes is vice president.

What happens now?

• The House of Representative votes to break the tie.

• The Democratic-Republicans clearly wanted

Jefferson as President, however, the Federalists still

controlled the House.

• The Federalists were divided on their decision and

each time they voted (35 times), it would be

another tie!

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Hamilton’s influence

• Hamilton convinced a friend to persuade several

Federalists to not vote for Burr.

• He hated Jefferson (remember Fred the Fed and

the issue of the National Bank)

• But Hamilton felt that regardless of his personal

dislike of Jefferson, he was a much better choice

than Aaron Burr.

• He felt Burr was unreliable and untrustworthy.• See page 298 “Hamilton-Burr Duel

Five Sided Book Stand Made at Monticello

and Probably Designed by Jefferson

(amateur scientist)

The Graff House where

Jefferson wrote the

Declaration of

Independence

His home,

Monticello,

reflects his

interest in

architecture

His book collection 6,500 books

became the core of the Library of

Congress. (devoted reader)

Jefferson’s

Violin

Some of Jefferson’s

personal accomplishments

Horseman

Jefferson’s Philosophy• Remember that Jefferson was a Democratic-Republican.

• Which meant he was a Federalist or Anti-Federalist? What policies would he support?

• Anti-Federalist (use chart from 9.3)

• Where was he from?

• Virginia

• What kind of colony is Virginia? New England, Middle, or Southern?

• Southern

• What did people do there to make a living?

• Agricultural

Jefferson’s Presidency…• Jefferson was a simple man. Commonly referred to as

more of a “gentlemen farmer” than a privileged politician.

• He walked to his inauguration instead of taking a fancy carriage.

• His chef served elegant meals, but Jefferson’s guests ate at round tables so that no one could sit at the head of the table.

• He believed the federal government should have less power than it had under the Federalists, so he worked to end many Federalists Programs.

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Jefferson’s Presidency

Urged Congress to end the Alien

and Sedition Acts

Released prisoners convicted

under the Alien and Sedition

Acts

Many taxes ended including the

Whiskey Tax

Reduced the number of

government employees

Reduced the size of the military

Basic principle

of government :

Make it smaller ;

Less is better

“I am not a friend to a very energetic

government. It is always oppressive.”

“Most bad government has grown out

of too much government.”

http://www.fightthebias.com/Quotes/thomas_jefferson.htm

http://www.ngb.army.mil/gallery/presidential/jefferson.asp

John Adam’s Little Surprise

Judiciary Act of 1801

Reduced the number of Supreme

Court Justices (from 6 to 5)

Created 6 Judicial Circuits with

new judges

Midnight Appointments

Federalist Justices and Judges

Appointed

John Marshall – Appointed as

Supreme Court Chief Justice

All appointments were

Federalists

http://www.cnn.com/interactive/law/0310/scotus.timeline/content.5.html

http://usinfo.state.gov/usa/infousa/facts/democrac/9.htm

Jefferson’s Surprise

Madison (Secretary of

State) refused to install

a justice of peace for the

District of Columbia

“Marshall's decision in this case has

been hailed as a judicial tour de force.

In essence, he declared that Madison

should have delivered the commission

to Marbury, but then held that the

section of the Judiciary Act of 1789 that

gave the Supreme Court the power to

issue writs of mandamus exceeded the

authority allotted the Court under Article

III of the Constitution, and was therefore

null and void. Thus he was able to

chastise the Jeffersonians and yet not

create a situation in which a court order

would be flouted.”

Madison

Marbury

http://odur.let.rug.nl/~usa/D/1801-1825/marshallcases/mar06.htm

http://www.homeofheroes.com/presidents/inaugural/4_madison_2.html

Marbury Vs. MadisonThe Case That Establishes Judicial Review

Judicial Review – gave the Supreme Court

the power to declare laws unconstitutional

Marshall says that

Madison should

install Marbury, but

he also says that

the law that

allowed the

Supreme Court to

force the

installation was

unconstitutional.

Judicial Review (Marbury v. Madison)

Supreme Court Chief Justice John Marshal declared the

Supreme Court’s (Judicial Branch) duty is to interpret the

law (according to the U.S. Constitution).

If the Supreme Court decides a law violates the U.S.

Constitution, it cannot go into effect and/or if it is

already in effect, it is no longer legal. It allowed for a

balance between the 3 branches of government & allows

the Supreme Court to determine the constitutionality of

laws made by Congress.

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Judicial Review (Marbury v. Madison)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=55hAMdnCwMU