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Ch 6 Sec 2 From Republic to Empire

I. Winning an Empire

A. Wars with Carthage (Punic Wars)

1. Rome fought Carthage again between 264 BC 146

BC

2. In the first Punic War, Rome defeated and won Sicily,

Corsica, and Sardinia3. In the Second Punic War, the Carthaginian general

Hannibal led his army (and dozens of elephants) into Italy

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a.) For 15 years Hannibal won battle after

battle but failed to capture Rome

b.) In the end, the Romans sent an army toattack Carthage and Hannibal returned to

defend his homeland, where he was defeated

4. In the Third Punic War, Rome completely

destroyed Carthage

a.)Survivors were killed or sold into slaveryb.) The Romans poured salt over the earth so

that nothing would grow there

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y B. Other Conquests

1. Romans were committed to a policy of

imperialism

establishing control over foreign

lands and peoples

2. Macedonia, Greece, and parts of Asia Minor

surrendered and became Roman provinces

lands under Roman rule 3. By 133 B.C., Roman power extended from

Spain to Egypt

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y C. Social and Economic Effects

1. Conquests brought great riches into Rome 2. Wealthy families bough up huge estates called

latifundia and forced captured people to work as

slaves there

3. This hurt small farmers and they thus moved toRome and other cities looking for jobs

y A.) As the gap between rich and poor widened, angry mobs

began to riot

y B.) This wealth increased corruption

y D. Attempts at Reform 1. Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus were the 1st to

attempt reform

2. This angered the Senate and they and others were

killed

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II. Decline of the Republic Rome was in the midst of a civil war

over who should hold power (the Senate or political leaders)

A. Julius Caesars Rise to Power1. After 9 years of fighting he completed the conquest of

Gaul (present-day France)

2. Caesar defied the Senate order to return to Rome and

civil war again broke out

3. He crushed General Pompey and his supporters

a.) Veni, vidi, vici I came, I saw, I conquered

(announced after a victory)

b.)When he returned to Rome he forced the Senate to

make him dictator

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y B. Caesars Reforms

1. Launched a program of public works to employ the

jobless and gave public land to the poor

2. Granted Roman citizenship to more people

3. Introduced a new calendar based on Egyptian

knowledge (Julian calendar) that is still our calendar

today

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y C. Assassination and Civil Wars

1. Caesars enemies plotted against him because

they thought he wanted to make himself king

2. They stabbed him to death and new civil wars

occurred

3. Mark Antony and Octavian set off to hunt down

the murderers but ended up in a battle for power

with Octavian emerging as the new leader

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III. Roman Empire and Roman Peace

Octavian now called Augustus

yA. A Stable Government 1. Augustus created a stable government and

employed civil servants to enforce laws

2. He ordered a census population count to

make the tax system more fairy B. Bad Emperors and Good Emperors

1. Some of his successors were weak and

incompetent

2. Caligula and Nero were evil 3. Emperor Hadrian codified Roman law (made it

the same

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y C. The Pax Romana (Roman Peace)

1. The 200-year span that began with Augustusand ended with Marcus Aurelius

2. During that time Roman rule brought peace,

order, unity and prosperity

3. Roads were maintained and protected

4. Roman fleets chased pirates

5. Trade flowed freely

6. People spread ideas and knowledge easily

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y D. Bread and Circuses

1. Circus Maximus Romes largest race-course

y A.) Chariots thundered around an oval course and made

dangerous tight turnsy B.) Fans bet on their favorite teams

2. Gladiator contests were even more popular

y A.) Gladiators were often former slaves

y

B.) A good fighter could win their freedomy C.) A poor fighter would be killed