chapter 6: work measurement · 2019. 3. 5. · chapter 6: work measurement define work measurement:...
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CHAPTER 6: WORK MEASUREMENT
DEFINE WORK MEASUREMENT:
Determining the time that a qualified worked should take to complete a job under
normal working conditions.
(Masa berkualiti yang diperlukan untuk menyiapkan kerja pada masa yang normal)
IMPORTANCE OF WORK MEASUREMENT:1. Manpower planning (Perancangan tenaga kerja)2. Production planning and scheduled (Penjadualan dan perancangan keluaran)3. Estimating production costs (Penganggaran kos pengeluaran)4. Basis for incentives (Asas insentif)5. Training of employees (Latihan kepada Pekerja)
TIME STUDY METHOD IN MEASURING WORK
STANDARD
1. Historical Experience (Sejarah pengalaman)
2. Predetermined time and motion studies (Masa yang ditetapkan dan kajian gerakan)
3. Work Sampling (Pensampelan kerja)
4. Time study – Three concepts of time
i. Observed time (Masa pemerhatian)
Example: Job element Observed time (minute)
A 10 11 12 20
B 8 7 16 7
Determine the average observed time for job element A and B
SOLUTION: A = 10+11+12 / 3 = 11 Minute
B = 8+7+7 / 3 = 7.3 Minute
* Note : 20 and 16 both are abnormal times and thus should be ignored. Extreme time value,
either high and low for any element should not be used in estimating the variability of data
because they might represent erroneous readings or observation (* Nota: 20 dan 16 kedua-dua
kalanya tidak normal dan dengan itu boleh diabaikan. nilai masa yang melampau, sama ada tinggi dan
rendah untuk apa-apa unsur tidak boleh digunakan dalam menganggarkan kepelbagaian data kerana mereka
mungkin mewakili bacaan pemerhatian yang salah)
ii. Normal time or Basic time
Example:
Solution: Basic Time A : 11x (110/100) = 12.1 minute
Basic Time B : 7.3x (9.5/100) = 6.935 minute
Time Basic Time = 12.1 + 6.935 = 19.035 minute
Task element Observed time Rating (Observed rate)
A 11 110
B 7.3 95
iii. Standard Time
Formula Standard time = Basic time x (1+ Allowance)
Allowance:
Personal time is 50 minute
unavoidable delay 21 minute
Area Clean-up 15 minute
Operation hours: 8 hours/day
Question:
Determine the standard time for the job
Job Element Basic time (minute)
A 12.10
B 6.935
Solution:
Allowance is determine = 50 + 21 + 15 x 100
8 x 60
= 96 x 100
480
= 20% = 0.2
Standard time A = 12.1 x 1.20 = 14.52 minute
Standard time B = 6.935 x 1.20 = 8.322 minute
Total standard time = 14.52 minute + 8.322 minute = 22.842 minute/unit
TYPES OF
ALLOWANCES
Relaxation allowance
(Elaun Rehat)
Contingency allowance
(Elaun Kecemasan)
Process allowance
(Elaun Proses)
Policy allowance
(Elaun Proses)
EXERCISE:
Question:
a. Compute the normal time for the operation
b. If the allowance is 15%, determine the standard time
c. Compute the daily standard output (assume 8-hour workday)
d. How many workers are needed to ensure an output of 600 units per
week (assume 5 day work week)
Job Element Observation times (Minute) Performance rate
1 15 14 15 35 12 105
2 22 24 23 24 25 110
3 80 31 32 31 10 95
4 22 22 24 22 44 100
Answer:
c. Daily standard output = 8 x 60 = 4.51 unit/day
106.51
d. Number of workers required = 600 = 26.6 ~ 27 worker
4.51x5
Job
Element
Observation time Rating Normal time Allow
(1+A)
Std. Time
1 15+14+15+12 = 14.0
4
105 = 1.05
100
14.0 (1.05) = 14.70 1 + 15%
= 1.15
14.7 x 1.15
= 16.91
2 22+24+23+24+25= 23.6
5
110 = 1.10
100
23.6 (1.10) = 25.96 1 + 15%
= 1.15
25.96 x 1.15
= 29.85
3 30+31+32+31= 31.0
4
95 = 0.95
100
31.0 (0.95) = 29.45 1 + 15%
= 1.15
29.45 x 1.15
= 33.87
4 22+22+24+22= 22.5
4
100 = 1.00
100
22.5 (1.00) = 22.50 1 + 15%
= 1.15
22.50 x 1.15
= 25.88
Total a = 92.61 b = 106.51
Q n A