Chapter Three Encyclopedia

---- 田东中学初一英语组

Encyclopedia

Language points

Listening & speaking

Demonstrative pronouns

Countable and uncountable

nouns

Reading

Writing Practice

What is an encyclopedia

?

What can you usually find

from an encyclopedia?

What is an encyclopedia?

• An encyclopedia is a book giving information about all areas of knowledge or about different areas of one particular subject.

What can you usually find in an encyclopedia?

• We can find information about a wide variety of subjects in an encyclopedia.

Here are my collected information:

• Let’s watch two videos and get to know something about dinosaurs; and Disneyland.

1. Dinosaurs

2.Disneyland

You can play the video according to the time.Please set up a media player classic in this file to play the video: Walking with dinosaur.

• FLYING ELEPHANT 小飞象• BUMPER CAR 碰碰车• HAUNTED HOUSE 鬼屋• WATER CHUTE 滑水道• MERRY-GO-ROUND 旋转木马• FERRIS WHEEL 摩天轮• ROLLER COASTER 云霄飞车

AMUSEMENT PARK ENGLISH

Let’s learn some new words before we get to understand the two articles.

human being

dinosaur

skeleton

These dinosaurs were gentle.They ate leaves and plants.

This dinosaur was fierce and it ate meat.

dinosaur fossils

eggs

skeleton

footprint

Disneyland

amusement park

cartoon characters

Donald DuckMickey Mouse

deliver mail

Walt Disneythe creator of many famous cartoon characters andthe Disneyland.

Reading comprehension:

1.Did dinosaurs live on Earth before people?

2.Were all dinosaurs big and kind?

3. What happened to all the dinosaurs?

4. How do people know there were dinosaurs lived on Earth once?

Questions for the first article:

Possible answer:

1.Yes, they lived on Earth more than sixty million years before people.

2.No, some dinosaurs were as small as chickens. Others were as big as ten elephants. Some dinosaurs were gentle and some were fierce.

Possible answer:

Possible answer:

3.They all died out suddenly.

Possible answer:

4.People can learn about the lives of dinosaurs from fossils of their skeletons, eggs and footprint.

Listen to the text and read:

1.Dinosaurs a They lived on Earth more than sixty million years ago. b (No mistakes.) c. Some were gentle; others were fierce. d. All died out suddenly.

2. Disney, Walt a He lived from 1901 to

1966. b (No mistakes.) c He drew cartoons for films. d His most famous character

was Mickey Mouse. e Walt Disney became rich

and famous.

1. Some dinosaurs were all bigger than elephants.

2. Long ago, people probably ate dinosaurs.

3. Dinosaurs were not friendly to each other.

Dinosaurs existed much earlier than human

beings.

No evidence is given either for or against.

D

D

A

A

4. Dinosaurs probably all died of disease.

5. Disneyland is a park for film making.

6. Disney drew cartoons for films right after he left school.

No evidence is given either for or against.

After leaving school, Disney sold newspapers and deliver mails.

D

DA

DDisneyland is a famous amusement park.

7. Disney did a number of different jobs before he opened Disneyland.

8. Walt Disney liked animals.

A

A

Why dinosaurs all died suddenly?

Vocabulary and revision:

Let’s play a game, shall we?

1.Please read the first article and guess the words from their English meanings.

2.Please read the first article and guess the words from their English meanings.

• 1. e_________ ; live; be real

• 2. g_________; calm and kind

• 3. f_________; angry and aggressive in a frightening way• 4. s___________; bones

• 5.f__________; the remains of an animal or a plant which have become hard and turned into rock• 6. f__________; a mark made on the ground by a foot

fierce

gentle

skeleton

exist

footprint

fossil

Words from the first article:

• 7. a_________________; park with rides and

games• 8. f_________; start an organization, institution

• 9. c_________; a drawing or film of drawings that

usually makes you laugh• 10. c___________; a person, animal in a book,

film, etc.• 11.d_________; take sth. to sb.• 12. m________; letters, parcels, etc. sent by postmail

deliver

character

Words from the second article:

amusement park

cartoon

found

C Find the meanings

2. Danny: Were all dinosaurs _______( angry and frightening) ? May : No, many were ________ (kind).3. Danny: What happened to dinosaurs? May: They all ________ (became dead) suddenly.4. Danny: When did Walt Disney _______( start) Disneyland? May: In 1954.5. Danny: Which cartoon ________( an animal or a person in a film, book, etc.) do you like best? May: Donald Duck. Walt Disney made him.

fierce

gentle

died out

found

character

1.Dinosaurs e______ over sixty m______years before h_____ b_____. Some dinosaurs were as s______ as chickens, others were as b_____as ten elephants. Some dinosaurs e____ had wings and could fly. Some dinosaurs were as g_______ as sheep and ate plant, others were f_______ and ate meat. N_______ knows why dinosaurs all died s_________. We l______ about the l______ of them from the f_____ of their s________, eggs and footprints they left b________.

xisted illionuman eings

mall igven

entleierce obody

uddenly earnossils

keletonsives

ehind

Please revise the first article and complete the following passages:

2. Walt Disney f______ Disneyland in 1954. He is f______ for his cartoon c________ such as Donald Duck and Snow White. Disney was b_____ in the USA. Walt s_____ newspapers and d_______ letters after l_______ school. He liked drawing so he s_______ art at night.In the e____, he began to draw c________ for films. He p___ a real mouse in a cartoon. Soon, both he and the mouse b______ famous.

oundedamous haracters

orn ent

elivered eaving

tudiednd artoons

utecame

Please revise the second article and complete the following passages:

1. Dinosaurs existed on Earth more than sixty million years before human beings.

→There were dinosaurs more than sixty million years ago, but at that time, there were no human beings.

2. Some dinosaurs were as small as chickens.

→ Some dinosaurs were small, like chickens.

3. Some dinosaurs had wings and could fly as quickly as birds today.

→ Some dinosaurs were like birds today. They had wings and could fly quickly.

4. Walt Disney is famous for his cartoon characters.

→Walt Disney is well-known for his cartoon characters.

5. Walt Disney found the Disneyland in 1954.

→Walt Disney started the Disneyland in 1954.

6. Look it up!

→Find a word or a piece of information in a book, like the dictionary.

as gentle as sheep

die suddenly an amusement park the United States of America be best known as… be famous for… cartoon characters such as… leave school at the same time finally / at last / in the end

像羊一样温顺像羊一样温顺突然死亡突然死亡游乐园游乐园美国美国以以……最著称最著称因因……而有名而有名卡通人物卡通人物例如例如离开学校离开学校 //毕业毕业同时同时最后最后

• First read the notes carefully and get a general idea.

• Pay attention to the key words before and after the blanks and think about the missing information. Try to predict it.

• Finally listen carefully for the missing information and write it down quickly.

How to complete a note?

• To understand the meaning of the context while listening is very important.

• eg: The listening of Chapter Two: Come and help us plant some trees.

• From reading the title and the whole passage, it talks about the use of the trees, so all the answers must be related to the use of trees.

How to take notes?

• To use short hand as much as possible.• eg:Trees can make street more_____.• First you can just write down bea, later you

can complete it to beautiful.

• To guess the blank with the help of your common or grammatical knowledge.

• eg: Nanjing: capital of China for over ___ years.

• Here it must be a number.

How to take notes?

Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s MausoleumNanjing: capital of China for over (1)_______years.In Nanjing, you can (2)_______ Dr Sun Yat-sen’s Mausoleum.

Dr SunThe(3)_______of modern ChinaHelped change China into a new country in(4)________Dr Sun died in 1925. People built a mausoleum for him.

1,000visit

father

1911

The Mausoleum: Over(5)______square meters in sizeHas a forest and some beautiful(6)______

The government looks after the mausoleum very well. In(7)_____and (8)_____, the government spent(9)_____million yuan mending the roofs and walls of the buildings.

Behind the Sun Yat-sen’s Mausoleum is the Zijin(10)__ It is (11)_____meters highYou can (12)______up the mountain all year round

A beautiful place for a visit, and to remember this famous man.

80,000buildings

1978 19861.2

Mountain

448go

Tape scriptThe city of Nanjing was the capital of China for over a thousand years.In Nanjing, you can visit Dr Sun Yat-sen’s Mausoleum. Dr Sun was the father of modern China.He helped change China into a new country in 1911.Dr Sun died in 1925. people built a mausoleum for him. The mausoleum is over 80,000 square meters in size.

It has a large forest and some beautiful buildings.The government looks after the mausoleum very well. In 1978 and 1986, the government spent 1.2 million yuan mending the roofs and walls of the buildings.Behind the Sun Yat-sen’s Mausoleum is the famous Zijin Mountain. It is 448 meters high. You can go up the mountains all year round. It is a beautiful place to go for a visit and to remember this famous man.

Tape script

What is a syllable?• A syllable is defined as one of the

units you can divide a word into. It usually contains of a vowel sound with one or more than one consonant sounds before or after it.

• eg: apple

[ 'æpəl ] 2

attractive [ə'trʌktiv ] 3

Can you read the following words? How many syllables are there in each word?

• Nine• Ninety• Happy• Unhappy• International• Important• communicate

• 1• 2• 2• 3• 5• 3• 4

When we make some nouns plural, we add extra syllables to them (ie., those ending in –s, -ss, -sh, -x)

• bus----buses

• brush----brushes

• box----boxes

• watch-----watches

• glass----glasses

Read and guess how many syllables are there in each word:

1.teacher 2. bookcase

3. decreases

4. unusually

5. Disneyland

6.grandparents

2.[ 'bukkeis ]

3.[ di:'kri:siz ] 3

44.[ ʌn'ju:ʒəli ]

1.[ 'ti:tʃə ] 2

2

5.[ 'disnilænd ] 3

6.[ 'græn.pɛərənts ] 3

Activities for speak up:• Students can work in pairs or

groups, to decide the answers to these questions. They should be encouraged to ask the speaker questions, like: What is your reason for…?

• Try to get students to produce their own ideas and share in class.

Here is an example:

• I want to keep three things. These are my pet snake, my photo album and my tennis racket.

• I want to keep my pet snake because it is my best friend.

• I want to keep my photo album because it has many memories for me.

• I want to keep my tennis racket because I want to be a tennis star, and I need my racket to practice.

Grammar

Discussing the pictures

Using “What’s this/ that in English?”

and “ What are these/ those in English?”

What’s this in English?

What’ that animal, can you guess?

It is a/an… antelope

What are these/those animals?

They’re …

Game time: Group competition

• Let’s watch the following pictures and try to tell what

they are?

butterfly

bee

snake

hippo

What’s this？

shark

whale

crocodile

What’ that？

two zebras

What are these animals?

a dinosaur

three polar bearsfive houses

What are those animals?

two kangaroosa peacock

two monkeys

two goats

What are those?

Practice

• Divide the students into two groups (A & B), give A students a picture with lots of animals on it, and B students the same picture with names of the animals on. Then A’s ask B’s “what’s this in English?” and B’s offer the answer.

Picture for A student

Picture for B student

bat

wolf

dog

fox

raccoon

mouse

cat

skunk

snake

bird

单数 this that

复数 these those

Demonstrative pronouns: 指示代词：

英语中表示指示概念的代词叫指示代词，指示代词用来起指示作用，或用来代替前面已提到过的名词。指示代词包括 :this, that, these ， those ，其用法如下：

(1) 指示代词在时间或空间上对所指人或事物有 远近之分。 this 和 these 常用来指时间和空间上 较近的事物。而 that 和 those 则相反。 This is a book. （指近处） That is a banana tree. （指远处 )

(2) 指示代词在指事物时有单数、复数之分。 this 和 that 用来表示单数概念 , 系动词 be 用 is 。 there 或 those 用来表示复数概念 , 系动词 be 用 are 。

(3) 当含有 this 或 that 的特殊问句指人时，其回答仍 可以用 this 或 that; 但不指人时，单数用 it, 复数用 they 回答。例： ①Who’s that? That’s Andy Liu.. ②What’s this? It’s an insect. ③What are those? They are apples. 。

(4) 在介绍人时，我们常用 this 指下面要提到的人， 而不用其它指示代词。 eg: Ladies and gentlemen, this is Dr Ray, she is going to give us a talk on trees.

(5) 打电话时通常用 this 表示自己， that 表示对方， 而不用代词 I 和 you 。 eg: ----Hello, is that Mary speaking? ----Yes, this is Mary speaking. Who is that?

3. 叙述在一起的两样东西时，先说的用 this ，后说 的用 that . 如： This is a computer. That is a TV set.

5. 最后提醒同学们注意： this 和 is 不能缩写，但 that 、 it 与 is 连用时可分别写为 that's 和 it's 如：This is a dinosaur. （不可写成 :This's a dinosaur. ）It is a postcard. （可以写成： It's a postcard. ）

4. 我们平时在第一次提到某物时，常用 this 或 that 来指代，后文中再出现此物时，就用 it 来代替 this 或 that

What can you see and how many can you see in the following picture?

How much…

a cup of… coffee

tea

Ice cream

a piece/pieces of …cake

bread

furniture

Here are some other measure words for use with uncountable nouns:

• A piece/pieces( of cake, advice, news, information, work, luggage, paper, furniture, machinery)

• A glass ( of water)• A bottle (of milk)• A bowl ( of rice)• A loaf/loaves (of bread)• A sum/sums (of money)• A slice/slices ( of meat, bread, cake)• A flash/ flashes (of lightning)

英语中的名词按其表示的事物性质的不同可分为可数名词与不可数名词。这两种名词在用法上是有区别的，现归纳如下：一、可数名词有单数、复数之分，如：map → maps concert → concerts footprint → footprints不可数名词没有复数形式，只有单数形式。如：some water a lot of bread

二、单数可数名词表示泛指时，前面要用不定冠词 a(an) ； 而不可数名词不能用 a （ an ） . 如： Li Ming is a student. I am a teacher. I don’t like milk.在表示特指时，不可数名词和可数名词前都要用定冠词 the如：Pass me the ball ， please. 。The chicken on the plate is yours.

三、可数名词表示复数意义时可用 many 等词修饰。如： many apples a lot of tomatoes a few pens 不可数名词则要用 much 、 a little 等词修饰。如： much meat a little bread little water 这两类名词都可以被 some ， any ， a lot of (lost of) 等修饰。如： some eggs/ paper （纸）。 A lot of （ lots of ） knives / orange juice

四、可数名词前通常可用具体的数词来修饰。如： three women five babies不可数名词表示数量的多少时，必须与表示数量的名词连用，即“数词 + 表示数量的名词（可数名词） + of + 不可数名词”。如： two glasses of milk 两杯牛奶 five pieces of bread 五片面包

五、可数名词作主语时，谓语动词的单、复数与主语的单、 复数须保持一致。不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词只 能用单数形式。如：

There is some rice in the bowl. All the students are in the classroom.

如果不可数名词前有复数名词短语修饰时，谓语动词 须用复数形式。如：

There are two bags of rice in the room.

六、对可数名词的数量提问用 how many ；对不可数名词 的数量提问要用 how much ，但对不可数名词前表示 数量名词中的修饰语提问时要用 how many . 如：

I can see two pictures on the wall. → How many pictures can you see on the wall ？

There is a lot of oil in the bottle. → How much oil is there in the bottle ？

I want two glasses of juice. → How many glasses of juice do you want ？

七、有些集合名词也是可数中词，但不同的是， 它们以单数形式出现，表示复数概念，如 people ， police ， family 等；而有些可数名词本身就以复数 形式出现，如 clothes ， glasses （眼镜）等；有的 可数名词单、复数形式相同，如 Japanese, sheep ， Chinese 等。如：

The Chinese people are hardworking and brave. The sports clothes are new. I have one dog. He has two dogs.

ADVERTISEMENT• Great Short Story Competition!• Are you under fourteen years old?• Do you want to win a free trip to

Disneyland?• You only need to write a short story

containing these three words:• dinosaur Disneyland cartoon• Write your story now and post it to PO

Box46122 before 30 April.• The first prize is a free trip to Disneyland!

Are you a great story teller?

• Look at the following pictures and tell a story.

• The students may work in pairs or groups to tell a story.

1 2 3

4 5 6

7 8

Dudley went to DisneylandPicture 1: One day, Sammy (1)___________(go, a walk) in the hills.Picture 2: In a cave, he (2)___________. It was (3)____ _________(shape, of, egg)Picture 3:He (4)_________(take, it, home), and (5)____________(put, it, by, his, window) One morning, Sammy (6)____________ (hear, noise, from, stone) and (7)_____ _________(hole, appear, in, it). A small animal (8)_______________ (climb, out, and, look at) Sammy. It (9)___________ (be, dinosaur). Sammy (10)__________ (give, it, name, “Dudley”).

went for a walk

found a stone in the

shape of an egg

took it home

put it by his window

heard a noise from

appear the stone

climbed out and looked at

was a dinosaur

gave it a nameDudley

a hole

Picture 4: Dudley (11)_______________(be, always, hungry). He ate and ate and grew and grew. Soon he (12)____________(become,bigger) than Sammy.Picture 5: A man (13) ____________________(from, Disneyland, read about) Sammy and Dudley in the newspaper.Picture 6:He phoned Sammy and said, “Hello, Sammy. I am(14)______________________ (cartoon, producer, Disneyland). Come with Dudley and meet our visitors. I’ll (15)____________________(pay,you,a million dollars).” Sammy said “I agree.”Picture 7:A week later, Sammy (16)_______________ (receive, money).

was always hungry

became bigger

from Disney read about

a cartoon producer form Disney

pay you a million dollars

received the money

Write an end to the story?

• After the writing, the teacher may ask the students to share their story in various ways, such as role play, picture scratches or put them in the class blog and share or give some comments. The students may select the best story and the teacher should give some prizes to them.

More references for teaching:

Listen to the recording and read the new words on P84.

The recording for the supplementary reading: panda