Child well-being in the EU

Expert meeting - Budapest, 28 April 2011

Testing a potential indicator portfolio for regular monitoring

András Gábos – István György Tóth

KÖZIGAZGATÁSI ÉS IGAZSÁGÜGYI MINISZTÉRIUM

TÁRSADALMI FELZÁRKÓZÁSÉRT FELELŐS ÁLLAMTITKÁRSÁG

• Commissioned by the Social Inclusion Department of the Hungarian Ministry of Public Administration and Justice

• Aim: – to assist the Ch WB indicator development process– to test a potential indicator portfolio for regular

monitoring • Time frame: 1 December 2010 – 31 May 2011• In terms of indicator development, the report is a

direct follow-up of the EU Task-Force report (2008) and of TÁRKI/Applica report (2010)

About the report

Conclusions of the TÁRKI/Applica report (2010)

• There is a need for a comprehensive set of indicators to monitor ChP and WB, instead of filling in the reserved slot for child well-being with only one or two well-being indicators

• A first version of the portfolio was suggested• The new set should:

– reflect most of the child well-being dimensions – incorporate already agreed Social OMC indicators at the largest extent– include a few new material well-being indicators– include a whole range of non-material indicators – include new breakdowns for the already existing indicators

Value added of this report

• Refines the first version of the portfolio• reflects on the ongoing indicators development within the EU• strengthens equity aspects : how outcomes are spread across social

groups• puts emphasis on trends• upgrades existing indicators by improving the selection process for non-

material dimensions

• External expertise has been provided

• Data update for 2008/2009• New report on the situation of children in the EU

• in a cross-country comparative frame• at individual counry level: policy marker report cards

An overview of the situation of children in the EU and in individual MSs

RO LV SK PL BG ES LT HU UK CZ EE BE FR IT MT EL PT DE IE DK CY AT LU NL SI SE FI A1.1 Poverty rate - + + + + + + + A1.2 Poverty gap - - - - + + + + A1.3 Persistent poverty - - - - - + - + + - + + A2.1 Material deprivation - - - - - - - + + + + + + + A2.2 Severe material

deprivation - - - - - + - - + + + + + + + + + + +

A3.1 Housing costs overburden + + + + - + + + - - + - + + + + + + A3.2 Overcrowding - - - - - + - - + - - + + - + + + + + + + - + + A4.1 Joblessness - - + + - + + + + + + + A4.2 Low work intensity + + + + + - - + + + + + - + + + + + + + + A4.3 Child care - - - - + + B1.1 Low reading perf. – 15 y - - + - - - + + B1.2 Low reading perf. – 10 y - - - - - + - - + + + B1.3 Early school leavers + + - + + - - - + + + + B1.4 Preschool enroll. - 4 y - - - - B1.5 Educational deprivation + + + - - + - - + - - - - - B2.1 Infant mortality - - - - - + + + + + B2.2a Vaccination – DTP3 - B2.2b Vaccination – MCV B2.2c Vaccination – Pol3 B2.3 Low birth weight - - - - - - - B2.4 Exclusive breastfeeding + - + + - - B2.5 General life satisfaction B2.6 Oral health - - - + B2.7 Eating fruit every day - - - B2.8 Eating breakfast every

schd. - + +

B2.9 Physical activity - + + B3.1 Teenage birth - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + B3.2 Daily smoking - + - - - + + - + B3.3 Regular alcohol use + + + + + - - - - - + + B3.4 Heavy episodic drinking + - B3.5 Illicit drug use + - - + - - - + + + + - + + B3.6 Tranquillizers use + - - + - - + - - + - + + + + Sum - HIGH 5 3 3 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 4 2 4 3 6 5 5 4 5 8 8 9 10 10 12 14 16 Sum - LOW 10 9 9 9 8 8 6 6 6 5 5 3 4 3 5 4 4 3 3 4 4 4 3 3 2 2 3

IND

ICAT

OR

PORT

FOLI

OCOUNTRIES

Cross-country analysis

Country level analysis

2 The situation of children in the EU - cross-country comparative analysis

1 An integrated child well-being indicator portfolio

3 Mapping individual countries - policy marker report card prototype

1 An integrated child well-being indicator portfolio

Main aspects of portfolio-building

• To have a balanced portfolio of indicators across dimensions and across main phases of childhood

• To keep the structure of the portfolio as simple as possible

• To strenghten coherence• To rely as much as possible on the already agreed

Social OMC indicators and EU2020 indicators• To distinguish between resource based measures and

forward-looking indicators of child outcomes• To reflect the policy need of breaking the

intergenerational transmission of poverty

An integrated child well-being indicator portfolio - main indicatorsDimensions Child age groups

0-5 6-11 12-17

A1: Income At-risk-of-poverty rate At-risk-of-poverty rate At-risk-of-poverty rate

Relative median poverty risk gap Relative median poverty risk gap Relative median poverty risk gap

Persistent at-risk-of-poverty rate(Dispersion around the poverty threshold)

A2: Material deprivation

Primary indicator of mat. depr. Primary indicator of mat. depr. Primary indicator of mat. depr.(Secondary indicator of mat. deprivation)

Severe material deprivation Severe material deprivation Severe material deprivation

A3: Housing Housing costsOvercrowding

A4: LM attachment Share of children in jobless householdsShare of children in low work- intensity (including jobless) households

Childcare use

B1: Education Participation in pre-primary education

(Low) Reading lit. perf. - 10yEducational deprivation

(Low) Reading lit. perf. – 15yEducational deprivationEarly school-leavers (18–24)

B2: Health (Life expectancy)(Perinatal mortality)Infant mortality VaccinationLow birth weightBreastfeeding

Oral healthFruit dailyBreakfast every school day(Overweight)

General life satisfactionPhysical activity(Self-perceived general health)

B3: Risk behaviour Teenage birthsDaily smokingRegular alcohol use; Heavy episodic drinkingIllicit drug use; Tranquill. use

B4: Social part., fam. envir. (Share in single-parent households)

B5: Local environment (Crime in the area is a problem)(Pollution or dirt is a problem in the area)

An integrated child well-being indicator portfolio - breakdownsDimension Indicator with 0-17 age breakdown Breakdown

A1: Income A1: At-risk-of-poverty rate Child age, work intensity, household type, migrant st.

A1.2 Relative median poverty risk Child age

A2: Material deprivation

A2.1: Material deprivation Child age, work intensity, household type, migrant st.

A2.2: Severe material deprivation Child age, work intensity, household type, migrant st.

B1: Education B1.1: Low reading literacy performance of pupils aged 15 Parents’ education, migrant status

B1.2: Low reading literacy performance of pupils aged 10 Parents’ education

B1.5 Educational deprivation Parents’ education

B2: Health B2.1 Infant mortality Gender

B2.2a-c Vaccination in children Gender

B2.3 Low birth weight Gender

B2.4 Exclusive breastfeeding Gender

B2.5: General life satisfaction Gender, family affluence scale

B2.2: Oral health Gender, family affluence scale

B2.3: Eating fruit daily Gender, family affluence scale

B2.4: Having breakfast every school day Gender, family affluence scale

B3: Risk behaviour

B3.2 Daily smoking Gender

B3.3 Regular alcohol use Gender

B3.4 Heavy episodic drinking Gender

B3.5 Illicit drug use Gender

B3.6 Tranquillizers/medicines use Gender

Done Still to be done – medium term

A. Material WB

A1. Income Excl: dispersion around povety threshold

Further work on persistent poverty (how it reflects on absolute poverty and how it relates to mat. depr.?)

A2. Material deprivation

Excl: sec. indicator of material deprivation Incl: severe material deprivation

Further work on agreed indicators?To develop a child-focused indicator that could be regularly monitored on the EU-SILC

A3. Housing Further work on agreed indicators?To simplify the overcrowding indicator (skewed against EU-10 countries)

A4. LM attachment

Children in low work intensity hhs adjusted to EU2020

Work on an adequate child care indicator

What has been done and what still needs to be done regarding the indicator development

Done Still to be done – medium term

B. Non-material WBB1. Education Excl: none

Incl: educational deprivationExporative research has been done on early childhood outcome indicator

To consider math and science literacy as main indicator at both age 10 and 15Further work on educational deprivation indicator (regularly monitored on EU-SILC)Further work on early childhood outcome indicator

B2. Health Excl.: life expectancy, perinatal mortality, overweight, self-perceived general healthIncl: oral health, general life satisfaction, breakdowns by FAS for healthy behaviour

To consider other indicators that show strong correlation with later performance and SESTo prefer objective vs. subjective indicators (e.g. overweight)Access to micro database

B3. Risk behaviour

Switch in the main datasource: from HBSC to ESPADChange in the definition of smoking habit, alcoholconsumption and drug use indicators according to the datasourceAdditional indicator for alcohol consumption and drug use

To further explore ESPAD and HBSC datasetsFurther work and suggestions on breakdowns by SES

Done Still to be done – medium term

B. Non-material WB

B4. Social participation and relationships, family environment

Not considered Further research is neededAn emphasis should be put on the role of social capital in the present well-being and later performance of children

B5. Local environment Not considered Further research is neededAn emphasis should be put on the role of social capital in the present well-being and later performance of children

Others

Specific focus should be put on the most vulnerable: - migrant children (both unaccompanied minors and children of migrant families), - children from an ethnic minority background, - children with a disability (or whose parents are disabled), - children in or leaving institutions

A set of context indicators (in line with the practice of other Social OMC indicator portfolios) needs to be defined for the child well-being portfolio.

The portfolio of indicators is complemented by specific recommendations

3 Mapping individual countries - policy marker report card prototype

1. Overall country picture based on main indicators

Figures for children

Figures for overall pop.

EU-27 average figures Trends

Unweighted EU-average

Relative perf. to the EU-27

2. Suggested breakdowns to complete main indicators

Unreliable estimate (N<20)

A. Material well-being B. Non-material well-being

3. Country’s rel. performance

Main indicators

EU-27 max

EU-27 min

Lead indicators

HIGH performance: the value of that specific indicator differs by at least 30% the EU-average in the ‘good’ direction

LOW performance: the value of that specific indicator differs by at least 30% the EU-average in the ‘good’ direction

An overview of the situation of children in the EU and in individual MSs

RO LV SK PL BG ES LT HU UK CZ EE BE FR IT MT EL PT DE IE DK CY AT LU NL SI SE FI A1.1 Poverty rate - + + + + + + + A1.2 Poverty gap - - - - + + + + A1.3 Persistent poverty - - - - - + - + + - + + A2.1 Material deprivation - - - - - - - + + + + + + + A2.2 Severe material

deprivation - - - - - + - - + + + + + + + + + + +

A3.1 Housing costs overburden + + + + - + + + - - + - + + + + + + A3.2 Overcrowding - - - - - + - - + - - + + - + + + + + + + - + + A4.1 Joblessness - - + + - + + + + + + + A4.2 Low work intensity + + + + + - - + + + + + - + + + + + + + + A4.3 Child care - - - - + + B1.1 Low reading perf. – 15 y - - + - - - + + B1.2 Low reading perf. – 10 y - - - - - + - - + + + B1.3 Early school leavers + + - + + - - - + + + + B1.4 Preschool enroll. - 4 y - - - - B1.5 Educational deprivation + + + - - + - - + - - - - - B2.1 Infant mortality - - - - - + + + + + B2.2a Vaccination – DTP3 - B2.2b Vaccination – MCV B2.2c Vaccination – Pol3 B2.3 Low birth weight - - - - - - - B2.4 Exclusive breastfeeding + - + + - - B2.5 General life satisfaction B2.6 Oral health - - - + B2.7 Eating fruit every day - - - B2.8 Eating breakfast every

schd. - + +

B2.9 Physical activity - + + B3.1 Teenage birth - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + B3.2 Daily smoking - + - - - + + - + B3.3 Regular alcohol use + + + + + - - - - - + + B3.4 Heavy episodic drinking + - B3.5 Illicit drug use + - - + - - - + + + + - + + B3.6 Tranquillizers use + - - + - - + - - + - + + + + Sum - HIGH 5 3 3 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 4 2 4 3 6 5 5 4 5 8 8 9 10 10 12 14 16 Sum - LOW 10 9 9 9 8 8 6 6 6 5 5 3 4 3 5 4 4 3 3 4 4 4 3 3 2 2 3

Not much variance

Scarce resources

-

Mixed to predominantly bad

outcomes

Affluent resources

-

Predominantly bad outcomes

BUT - no MS without low performance according to at least two individual indicators- no MS without high performance according to at least three individual indicators

Table of contents of the report1. Motivation, policy context and value adeded of the report2. The situation of children in the European Union

– 2.1 Material well-being of children in the European Union• 2.1.1 Income poverty• 2.1.2 Material deprivation• 2.1.3 Housing• 2.1.4 Labour market participation of parents• 2.1.5 Children in the light of EU2020 poverty target indicators• 2.1.6 Material well-being: interantional benchmarking and key challenges for each MS

– 2.2 Non-material well-being of children in the European Union • 2.2.1 Education• 2.2.2 Health• 2.2.3 Exposure to risk and risk behaviour

3. Mapping individual countries – policy marker report card prototype4. Conclusions

Online Annex 1: Expert background papers: Education, Health, Risk behaviour Online Annex 2: policy marker report cards for EU27 Online Annex 3: integrated list and evaluation of the suggested indicators and

indicator breakdowns

Child well-being in the European Union: trends and policy markers

Expert meeting

Budapest, 28 April 2011

KÖZIGAZGATÁSI ÉS IGAZSÁGÜGYI MINISZTÉRIUM

TÁRSADALMI FELZÁRKÓZÁSÉRT FELELŐS ÁLLAMTITKÁRSÁG

Lead indicators

• Income poverty: at-risk-of-poverty rate• Material deprivation: severe material deprivation

rate• Housing: overcrowding rate• Labour market participation of parents: children

in low work intensity households• Education: early school-leavers• Health: low birth-weight• Exposure to risk and risk behaviour: daily smoking

Specific recommendations (illustrative example)

• The child at-risk-of-poverty rate– to be analysed together with:

• poverty threshold• at-risk-of-poverty gap • persistent poverty• at-risk-of-poverty rate in th previous years/period• at-risk-of-poverty rate of the overall pop.• at-risk-of-poverty rate before social transfers• severe material deprivation and share of children in low WI hhs

(EU2020 poverty target indicators)

– to provide results and analysis on the composition of children at risk of poverty by household type and work intensity of household