chp emissions calc

8/8/2019 Chp Emissions Calc

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chp-emissions-calc 1/21

INTRODUCTION AND PURPOSE

The Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Emissions Calculator is a tool that compares the

anticipated emissions from a CHP system to the emissions from systems using separate heat

and power (SHP). The CHP Emissions Calculator was originally developed with support from the

U.S. Department of Energy's Distributed Energy Program and Oak Ridge National Laboratory.

Enhancements have been supported by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's CHP

A user can select from a large number of different SHP system profiles, compare them to

from both systems and the corresponding emissions reductions achieved by the CHP

system. The CHP Emissions Calculator is intended to help CHP end users and other

interested parties calculate the emissions attributable to their CHP projects. In addition to

estimating emission reductions, the CHP Emissions Calculator presents the carbon equivalency

of these emissions reductions in terms of acres of trees planted and number of cars removed

The CHP Emissions Calculator is designed for users with at least a moderate understanding of

CHP technology and its terminology; therefore, a glossary of the terms that appear in the

Emissions Calculator is not provided here. If you would like to learn more about CHP

technologies, please visit

Please note that the results generated by the CHP Emissions Calculator are intended for

educational and outreach purposes only; it is not designed for use in developing emission

inventories or preparing air permit applications. All results achieved through the

independent use of the Calculator are subject to error and are not endorsed by the EPA

CHP Partnership. If you are interested in obtaining verified and endorsed Calculator

results for a specific project, please contact Anne Hampson at [email protected]

(technical support contractor to the CHP Partnership.)

DIRECTIONS FOR USE

worksheets. (Note: the CHP Emissions Calculator contains two additional worksheets

information about the use of these worksheets.)

Inputs

completing each of the 29 numbered subsections. Each subsection contains a question, at least

among three options:

1) Manually enter or select (from a pull-down menu) system-specific information.

2) Use default system information provided in the available MSExcel note (see below).

3) Skip the subsection.

The CHP Emissions Calculator provides concise instructions and default system information for

Partnership.1

a CHP system (characterized by the user), and estimate the carbon, CO2, SO

2and NO

Xemissions

from the road (see the Additional Information section below for more information).

www.epa.gov/chp.

The primary components of the CHP Emissions Calculator are the Inputs and Results

recommended for advanced users only. See the Additional Information section below for more

To use the Inputs worksheet, you will characterize a CHP system and an equivalent SHP by

one cell to complete or select, and a Submit button. To complete a subsection, you can choose

http://www.epa.gov/chp

http://www.epa.gov/chp



each subsection in the form of MSExel notes. To view the notes, move the mouse cursor over

the cell with a red triangle in its upper right-hand corner. When typing an entry into a field, press

Note that some subsections are not applicable to the CHP system or displaced SHP and

the dropdown menu in subsection 15 regarding the existence of duct burners, you can then skip

subsections 16, 17 and 18.)

If you are having difficulty understanding how to complete the subsections, see the Example

below to view a diagram that explains the components of an example subsection.

Example

Results

Table 1 (colored white) presents a summary of the emissions information of the CHP

system, the displaced SHP, and the corresponding emission reductions and relational

benefits associated with the CHP system.

Table 2 (colored green) presents a summary of CHP system information.

Table 3 (colored blue) presents information about displaced thermal production.

Table 4 (colored yellow) presents information about the displaced electric production.

The remaining tables provide additional emissions information about the CHP system and the

present the inputs and outputs of the CHP system and displaced SHP.

the Enter key on your keyboard to complete your entry. After completing a subsection, click on

the corresponding Submit button before moving on to the next subsection.

therefore do not have to be addressed by the user. (For example, if you were to select No from

Once you have addressed all 31 subsections, click on one of the Check All Inputs and Go To

Results buttons located on the Inputs worksheet. This action will open the Results worksheet.

The Results worksheet consists of several tables:

displaced electric and thermal production. The Results worksheet also includes two diagrams that

Subsection number Subsection question

Cells to complete. In this case, a user maychoose an option provided by the pull-down menu OR enter the number of hours

per year as a percentage.

Submit button

Note that each of these cells has a redtriangle in the upper right-hand corner. Thismeans that additional information for thissubsection is available. View by moving themouse cursor over the cell.



ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

More detailed documentation on the CHP Emissions Calculator is available by clicking on the

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency supports CHP because of the significant cost-effective emissions reductions that can be achieved by increasing efficient energy supply. The

average efficiency of fossil-fueled power plants in the United States is 33 percent and has

remained virtually unchanged for 40 years. This means that two-thirds of the energy in the fuel is

lost-vented as heat-at most power plants in the United States. CHP systems achieve effective

electrical efficiencies of 50 percent to 70 percent. This improvement in efficiency translates into

that are more readily understood by the public. The CHP Emissions Calculator presents these

relational benefits in terms of acres of forest planted and numbers of cars removed from the road.

For example, when a CHP system is described as reducing emissions equivalent to planting

10,000 acres of forest, this means the difference in carbon emissions between the CHP system

and displaced SHP is equal to the atmospheric carbon annually sequestered by 10,000 acres of

forest. Likewise, when a CHP system is described as reducing emissions equivalent to 20,000cars, this means the difference in carbon emissions between the CHP system and displaced SHP

is equal to the carbon emissions produced by 20,000 cars each year.

HELP US IMPROVE THE CHP EMISSIONS CALCULATOR

We welcome your input on the CHP Emissions Calculator's usability and functionality. Should

you encounter any bugs when using the tool, please report them via e-mail to EPA Technical Support

Contractor Anne Hampson

Documentation: Emissions Calculator icon at the top of the Input worksheet.

emissions reductions. These reductions can be converted into terms (called relational benefits)

[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]



49117899.xls, Inputs 01/06/2011

1. CHP: Type of System2

2. CHP: Electricity Generating Capacity (per unit)

Normal size range for this technology is 75 to 2,615 kW

1,250 kW

3. CHP: How Many Identical Units (i.e., engines) Does This System Have?

8

4. CHP: How Many Hours per Year Does the CHP System Operate?

3

As a number of hours per year 5,840

0%

5. CHP: Does the System Provide Heating or Cooling or Both?

1

If Heating and Cooling: How many of the 5,840 hours are in cooling mode?

As a number of hours per year 10

as a percentage of the 5,840 hours? 0%

If Heating and Cooling: Does the System Provide Simultaneous Heating and Cooling?

2

6. CHP: Fuel

Fuel Type 1

7. CHP: If Diesel, Distillate, Coal or Other: What is the Sulfur Content?

or

0

Enter Sulfur Content of Fuel as a percent 0.000%

- ppm

8. CHP: What is the CO2 Emission Rate for this Fuel? (default completed for fuel in Item 6)

Enter alternative value: 116.7 lb CO2/MMBtu

1,020 Btu/cubic foot (HHV)

OR - Btu/gallon (HHV)OR - Btu/lb (HHV)

10. CHP: Boiler Steam To Process (Steam Turbine CHP Only)

Boiler Steam to Process as lb Steam/hr 22,400

Boiler Steam to Process as MMBtu Steam/hr 0

11. CHP: Steam Turbine System Boiler Efficiency (Steam Turbine CHP Only)

OR As a percentage

OR ppm

9. CHP: What is the Heat Content of this Fuel? (Enter a value in only ONE of the boxes)

I will enter a value in oneof the following blocks

.

.

Document Document

Introduction:

Emissions Calculator

DocumentDocumentation:


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49117899.xls, Inputs 01/06/2011

Document DocumentIntroduction:




Enter Boiler Efficiency as % 80%

12. CHP: Electric Efficiency

1

Enter Generating Efficiency as % 25% (HHV)

13,407 Btu/kWh (HHV)

12,200 Btu/kWh (LHV)

OR Enter Generating Efficiency as Btu/kWh HHV

OR Enter Generating Efficiency as Btu/kWh LHV

w en er an e c encyin one of the following

Use default for thistechnology



49117899.xls, Inputs 01/06/2011





13. CHP: Base Power to Heat Ratio

The Power to Heat Ratio should reflect the ONLY thermal production of the generating unit (i.e., combustion turbine).

Thermal Output of the duct burners (if equipped) should not be included.

Power to Heat Ratio 0.70

14. CHP: NOx Emission Rate

1 2

9.0 ppm

- gm/hp-hr

0.036 lb NOx/MMBtu

0.479 lb NOx/MWh

15. Duct Burners: Does the System Incorporate Duct Burners?

0 2

16. Duct Burners: What is the Total Fuel Input Capacity of the Burners for Each CHP Unit?

For reference, the Recip Engine - Lean Burn has a heat input of 16.8 MMBtu/hr

- MMBtu/hr

17. Duct Burners: The CHP system operates 5,840 hours per year. How much do the duct burners operate?

As a number of hours per year -

As a percentage of the 5,840 hours? 0% 0

18. Duct Burners: NOx Emission Rate for the Duct Burners

2

0

0 - lb/MMBtu

OR - ppm NOx at 15% O2

19. Cooling: Does the CHP Provide Cooling? No

2 You indicated No Cooling in Item 5

20. Cooling: Type of Absorption Chiller Used? 0

-

Coefficient of Performance (COP) -

Enter a NOx Rate as ppm (15% O2)

OR Enter a NOx Rate as gm/hp-hr

OR Enter a NOx Rate as lb/MMBtu

OR Enter a NOx Rate as lb/MWh

I will enter a NOx rate inone

of the following blocks

. Note: Default emissions are without aftertreatment.Some areas may require add-on controls and you willneed to enter an emission rate based on your local

Calculator tocalculate

my Power to Heat

w en er a x ra e none

Use default for thistechnology

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49117899.xls, Inputs 01/06/2011





21. Cooling: What is the Cooling Capacity of the System? 0

Based on your other entries, the maximum cooling capacity is . tons or . MMBtu/hr of cooling

(Enter a value in only ONE of the boxes) - Cooling Tons

-

22. Displaced Cooling: What is the Efficiency of the Cooling System that is Being Displaced?

-

0

(Enter a value in only ONE of the boxes)

Electricity Demand (kW per ton) -

-

23. Displaced Thermal: Type of System:

12

24. Displaced Thermal: If not a Natural Gas System: What is the Sulfur Content?

1

or

0

Enter Sulfur Content as a percent 0.00%

- ppm

25. Displaced Thermal: What is the CO2 Emission Rate for this Fuel? (default completed for fuel in Item 23)

Enter alternative value: - lb CO2/MMBtu

- Btu/cubic foot (HHV)

OR - Btu/gallon (HHV)

OR - Btu/lb (HHV)

27. Displaced Thermal: Efficiency (usually a boiler)

Enter Generating Efficiency as % 80%

OR MMBtu per Hour of Cooling

OR Coefficient of Performance (COP)

OR ppm

26. Displaced Thermal: What is the Heat Content of this Fuel? (Enter a value in only ONE of the boxes)

w en er aCommercial coal: 1% sulfur

.

.

I will enter an efficiencyse e au or s erma

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49117899.xls, Inputs 01/06/2011





28. Displaced Thermal Production: NOx Emission Rate

NOx Rate 0.100 lb NOx/MMBtu

29. Displaced Electricity: Generation Profile

3

1

31. Displaced Electricity: Transmission Losses 7%

Link to EPA's eGRID (Emissions & Generation Resource Integrated Database)

30. Displaced Electricity: Select U.S. Average or individual state or NERC region/subregion for EGRID Data

Document

I will enter the NOx rate Use default for NOx rate

Modify one of theThree User-DefinedGenerating Sources

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http://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/egrid/index.htm

http://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/egrid/index.htm



Enter the size of the CHP systemas measured in kilowatts (kW) of electricity production.

If there are multiple units, enter thenameplate capacity for a single unit.

B6:

Enter the number of identical

units in this CHP system.

For many systems, there is onlyone unit.If there are multiple identical units,enter the number here.If the units are not identical, they mustbe analyzed separately.

B9:

Enter value for the number of hours per yearthat the CHP system operates.

The total number of hours in a year is 8,760.The pull-down menu provides some typicaloperating schedules.

B14:

Enter value for the percentage of the yearthat the CHP system operates

The total number of hours in the yearis 8,760.

B15:

Enter value for the number of hours per yearthat the CHP system operates in cooling mode.

The spreadsheet lists the number of hoursfor reference.

B21:

Enter value for the percentage of the yearthat the CHP system operates in cooling mode.

B22:

Enter value for sulfur content of oil.

Sulfur contents above 1% are veryunusual in units of this size.

Information on fuels can be found at:http://eia.doe.gov/indexnjava.html

B36:

Enter value for sulfur content of oil.

This entry represents the sulfur contentas Parts Per Million (ppm).


B37:

The CO2 emission rate for fuels isprimarily based on the type of fuel.

Typical values:Natural gas: 117 lb/MMBtuOil: 160 lb/MMBtuCoal: 205 lb/MMBtuPropane: 139 lb/MMBtu

Wood, landfill gas and other renewable fuelsmay be considered to have no netCO2 emissions.

B40:

The heat content of gaseous fuelsis usually described as Btu per cubic foot.

Natural gas has a heat content of 1020 Btu/CF.

B43:

The heat content of liquid fuelsis described as Btu per gallon.

The average heat content for distillate oil

B44:



Enter value for efficiency of the boiler.

The efficiency is the ratio of the useful thermaloutput divided by the fuel input.

Typical boiler efficiencies are between80% and 85%.

B57:

Enter value for electricity generatingefficiency of the CHP unit.

A percentage is most often used for engines.

The generating efficiency is equal to the electricityproduced divided by the fuel input. The units canbe converted by using the general conversion of 3,412 Btu per kilowatt-hour

B63:

Enter value for the heat rate of the CHP unit.

Higher Heating Value (HHV) heat rates are usually used with boilers.

The heat rate is the amount of fuel input needed toproduce 1 kWh of electricity. The fuel input is measuredin Btu's on a Higher Heating Value (HHV) basis.

B64:

Enter value for the heat rate of the CHP unit.

Lower Heating Value (LHV) Heat rates are usually used with turbines.

The heat rate is the amount of fuel input needed toproduce 1 kWh of electricity. The fuel input is measuredin Btu's on a Lower Heating Value (LHV) basis.

B65:

Enter the Power to Heat ratiofor the CHP system.

Power is the electricity output and Heat is theuseful thermal output.

There are several methods for calculating thepower to heat ratio and the "Thermal Calculator" may provideuseful guidance.

B72:

Enter NOx emission rate of theCHP system.

Parts per Million (ppm) values areused for some turbine and boiler systems.The ppm value represents the concentrationof NOx molecules in the exhaust.

B80:

Enter NOx emission rate of theCHP system.

Grams of NOx per Horsepower-hour of production(gm/hp-hr) are most commonly used with engines.

B81:

Enter NOx emission rate for theCHP system.

Pounds of NOx per MMBtu (lb/MMBtu) is mostcommonly used with boilers. The MMBtu representsthe fuel input rate of the CHP system.

B82:

Enter NOx emission rate for theCHP system.

Pounds of NOx per MegaWatt-Hour (lb/MWh) is occasionallyused with various CHP technologies. The MWh representsthe electrical output rating of the CHP system.

B83:

Enter the Fuel Input Capacity of the Duct Burner(s)

This value is the fuel supply rate to the duct burner(s)measured on a MMBtu per hour basis.

B90:



Enter value for the number of hours per yearthat the duct burner(s) operate.

The spreadsheet lists the number of hoursper year that the CHP system operates. The ductburners can operate the same or fewer hours than theCHP system but not more hours.

B93:

Enter the percentage of CHP operating hours that thatduct burner(s) operate.

The spreadsheet lists the number of hoursper year that the CHP system operates.

B94:

Enter NOx emission rate for the duct burnersin lb per MMBtu on a fuel input basis.

The average NOx emission rate for new ductburners is 0.10 lb/MMBtu.

The NOx emission rate is for the duct burner(s)alone and does not include NOx from the CHPunit (usually a combustion turbine).

B99:

Enter NOx emission rate for the duct burnerson a ppm @15% O2 basis

The average NOx emission rate for new ductburners is 25 ppm.

The NOx emission rate is for the duct burner(s)alone and does not include NOx from the CHPunit (usually a combustion turbine).

B100:

Enter the Coefficent of Performace (COP)for the CHP cooling system. The COP is equal to thecooling delivered by the system divided by thethermal energy used by the chiller.

COP=0.7 for a typicalsingle-effect absorption

chiller

COP=1.4 for a typicaldouble-effect absorptionchiller

B108:

Enter the Cooling Capacity in Tons

One Ton of Cooling equals 12,000 Btu per hourof cooling service.

The spreadsheet lists the maximum coolingcapacity that can be served based on the inputsthat the user has given.

B113:

Enter the Cooling Capacity in MMBtu/hr of cooling

service.

The spreadsheet lists the maximum coolingcapacity that can be served based on the inputsthat the user has given.

B114:

Enter the kW per ton value for the efficiencyof the cooling system that is being displaced.

The "kW" represents the electrical demandfor the cooling system.

"Tons" represents the cooling capacity of the cooling system. One "ton" equals12,000 Btu/hour of cooling capability.

The pulldown menu lists a range of defaultsystems with typical efficencies.

B122:

Enter the COP Value for the Displaced CoolingB123:



Enter value for sulfur content of boiler fuel

Sulfur contents above 2.5% areunusual in units of this size.


B132:

Enter value for sulfur content of boiler fuel

This entry represents the sulfur contentas Parts Per Million (ppm).


B133:

The CO2 emission rate for fuels isprimarily based on the type of fuel.

Typical values:Natural gas: 116.7 lb/MMBtuOil: 160.9 lb/MMBtuCoal: 206.7 lb/MMBtu

Landfill gas and other renewable fuels

may be considered to have no netCO2 emissions.

B136:

The heat content of gaseous fuelsis usually described as Btu per cubic foot.

Natural gas has a heat content of 1020 Btu/CF.

B141:

The heat content of liquid fuelsis described as Btu per gallon.

The average heat content for distillate oilor diesel fuel is 138,000 Btu/gallon

B142:

The heat content of solid fuelsis described in terms of Btu per pound.

The average heat content of coal is between7,000 and 12,000 Btu per pound.

B143:

Enter value for efficiency of thedisplaced boiler.

The efficiency is the ratio of the useful thermaloutput divided by the fuel input.

Typical boiler efficiencies are between80% and 85%.

Electric Heat Pump efficiencies can exceed 100%.

B149:

Enter NOx emission ratefor the displaced boiler.

Pounds of NOx per MMBtu (lb/MMBtu) is mostcommonly used with boilers. The MMBtu representsthe fuel input rate of the CHP system.

B154:

Select one of the profilesB159:

Enter the transmission losses forthe displaced electricity.

This value represents the losses in thetransmisson and distribution of electricityfrom the powerplant to the customer.

The specific true value for transmission lossesvaries with location and time but typical values

are between 5% and 12%.The EIA average transmission loss value is 7%.

B167:



49117899.xls, Results of 21

CHP Results

The results generated by the CHP Emissions Calculator are intended for eductional and outreach purposes only;

it is not designed for use in developing emission inventories or preparing air permit applications.

The results of this analysis have not been reviewed or endorsed by the EPA CHP Pa

Annual Emissions Analysis

CHP System

NOx (tons/year) 13.99 69.45 17.79 73.26

SO2 (tons/year) 0.23 192.58 - 192.35

CO2 (tons/year) 45,698 49,712 28,466 32,479

Carbon (metric tons/year) 11,299 12,292 7,038 8,031

Fuel Consumption (MMBtu/year) 783,175 536,485 355,823 109,133

Number of Cars Removed 5,365

This CHP project will reduce emissions of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) by 32,479 tons per ye

This is equal to 8,031 metric tons of carbon equivalent (MTCE) per year

This reduction is equal to

removing the carbon emissions

of 5,365 cars

DisplacedElectricityProduction

DisplacedThermal

ProductionEmissions/Fuel

Reduction




CHP Results


CHP Technology: Recip Engine - Lean Burn

Fuel:Natural Gas

Unit Capacity: 1,250 kW

Number of Units: 8

Total CHP Capacity: 10,000 kW

Operation: 5,840 hours per year

Heat Rate: 13,411 Btu/kWh HHV

CHP Fuel Consumption: 783,175 MMBtu/year

Duct Burner Fuel Consumption: - MMBtu/year

Total Fuel Consumption: 783,175 MMBtu/year

Total CHP Generation: 58,400 MWh/year

Useful CHP Thermal Output: 284,658 MMBtu/year for thermal applications (non-cooling)

- MMBtu/year for electric applications (cooling and ele

284,658 MMBtu/year Total

Displaced On-Site Production for Other

Thermal (non-cooling) Applications: 0.10 lb/MMBtu NOx

0.00% sulfur content

There is no displaced cooling service

Displaced Electricity Profile: eGRID Average Non-Baseload 2005

Egrid State: US Average

Distribution Losses: 7%

Displaced Electricity Production: 58,400 MWh/year CHP generation

- MWh/year Displaced Electric Demand (cooling)

- MWh/year Displaced Electric Demand (electric heat

4,396 MWh/year Transmission Losses

62,796 MWh/year Total

Displaced Electric Service (cooling and electricheating):




CHP Results


Annual Analysis for CHP

NOx (tons/year) 13.99 - 13.99

SO2 (tons/year) 0.23 - 0.23

CO2 (tons/year) 45,698 - 45,698

Carbon (metric tons/year) 11,299 - 11,299

Fuel Consumption (MMBtu/year) 783,175 - 783,175

Annual Analysis for Displaced Production for Thermal (non-cooling) Applications

NOx (tons/year) 17.79

SO2 (tons/year) -

CO2 (tons/year) 28,466

Carbon (metric tons/year) 7,038

Fuel Consumption (MMBtu/year) 355,823

Annual Analysis for Displaced Electricity Production

NOx (tons/year) 64.59 - - 4.86

SO2 (tons/year) 179.10 - - 13.48

CO2 (tons/year) 46,232 - - 3,479.81

Carbon (metric tons/year) 11,431 - - 860Fuel Consumption (MMBtu/year) 498,931 - - 37,554

CHP System:Recip Engine -

Lean BurnTotal Emissions

from CHP System

Total DisplacedEmissions from

Thermal

Production

Displaced CHPElectricity

Generation

DisplacedElectricity for

Cooling

DisplacedElectricity for

HeatingTransmission

Losses




CHP Results

The results of this analysis have not been reviewed or endorsed by the EPA CHP P

Total Emissions for Conventional Production Total Emissions for CHP

87.24 tons of NOx 13.99 tons of N

192.58 tons of SO2 .23 tons of SO2

78,177 tons of CO2 45,698 tons of C

58,400 MWh

536,485 MMBtu Electricity to Facility 783,175 MMBtu

Fuel consumption Fuel Consumption

Central Station No Cooling CHP

Powerplant System

4,396 MWh

Transmission Losses

69.45 tons of NOx 13.99 tons of NO

192.58 tons of SO2 .23 tons of SO2

49,712 tons of CO2 45,698 tons of C

355,823 MMBtu

Fuel consumption

On-Site Thermal 284,658 MMBtu

Production Thermal to Facility Absorptio

Chiller

17.79 tons of NOx

. tons of SO2

28,466 tons of CO2

Emission Rates

NOx (lb/MWh) 0.48 0.48 2.21

SO2 (lb/MWh) 0.01 0.01 6.13

CO2 (lb/MWh) 1,565 1,565 1,583

Emission Rates

NOx (lb/MMBtu) 0.10

SO2 (lb/MMBtu) -

CHP Systemincluding Duct

Burners

Recip Engine -Lean Burn

AloneDisplacedElectricity

DisplacedThermal

Production




CHP Results

CO2 (lb/MMBtu) 160



Thermal Calculator

Value Units Description

Calculate the Power to Heat Ratio by completing the

entries in one of the following boxes:- MMBtu/hr Thermal output from a single unit

OR

30,000 lb/hr Steam consumed in process

1,000 Btu/lb Enthalpy (a common value is 1,000 Btu/lb)

30.0 MMBtu/hr calculated

OR

- MMBtu/hr Fuel consumed in thermal process (often a boiler)

0% Efficiency of thermal converter

- MMBtu/hr calculated

Results30.0 MMBtu/hr thermal output

8,790 kW thermal output

1,250 kW kW capacity of CHP system

0.142 Power to Heat ratio of CHP system

Reset Thermal Calculator Copy this Power to Heat Ratio

to the Input Screen



Generation Sources

Existing Generation Sources Heat Rate

Name Code NOx lb/MWh SO2 lb/MWh CO2 lb/MWh Btu/kWh

EGrid Annual Average 1 1.94 5.26 1,329 7,292

EGrid Annual Fossil 2 2.59 7.14 1,841 9,934

EGrid Annual Coal 3 2.21 6.13 1,583 8,543

EGrid Annual Oil 4 3.36 9.77 2,136 10,432EGrid Annual Natural Gas 5 2.14 5.447 1,244 7,603

Coal Boiler 3.8 lb/MWh NOx 6 0.536 0.109 966 8,098

Coal Boiler 1.5 lb/MWh NOx 7 3.800 5.000 1,948 9,500

Coal Boiler with SCR 0.8 lb/MWh N 8 1.500 2.500 1,948 9,500

Gas Boiler 0.77 lb/MWh NOx 9 0.800 1.000 1,948 9,500

Gas Turbine Peaker 25 ppm 10 0.770 0.006 1,287 11,000

Gas combined-cycle 9 ppm 11 1.190 0.007 1,404 12,000

Gas combined-cycle 3 ppm 12 0.286 0.005 936 8,000

Please enter emission rates for the new generation sources:

User Defined Generation Sources Heat Rate

Name Code NOx lb/MWh SO2 lb/MWh CO2 lb/MWh Btu/kWh

User Source 1 13 - - - -

User Source 2 14 - - - -User Source 3 15 - - - -

Copy these Gener

Sources to theProfile Inputs

and Return to Input

Reset thisGeneration Sour

Screen



Heat Content of Fuel (Btu/lb delivered)

Moisture Content of Biomass

Biomass Fuel Source Bone Dry 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%

Corn Stover 7,560 7,106 6,652 6,198 5,744 5,290

Wheat Straw 6,840 6,566 6,292 6,018 5,744 5,470

Forest Residue 8,570 7,884 7,198 6,512 5,826 5,140

Urban Wood Waste 6,150 5,840 5,530 5,220 4,910 4,600

Hybrid Poplar 8,200 7,380 6,560 5,740 4,920 4,100

Hybrid Willow 8,200 7,380 6,560 5,740 4,920 4,100

Switchgrass 8,670 8,148 7,626 7,104 6,582 6,060

Emission Rates

CO2 Emission Rate NOx Emission Rate Sulfur ContentBiomass Fuel Source

Corn Stover 0 lb/MMBtu lb/MMBtu

Wheat Straw 0 lb/MMBtu lb/MMBtu

Forest Residue 0 lb/MMBtu 0.17 lb/MMBtu 0.01 lb/MMBtu

Urban Wood Waste 0 lb/MMBtu 0.17 lb/MMBtu 0.01 lb/MMBtu

Hybrid Poplar 0 lb/MMBtu 0.17 lb/MMBtu 0.01 lb/MMBtu

Hybrid Willow 0 lb/MMBtu 0.17 lb/MMBtu 0.01 lb/MMBtu

Switchgrass 0 lb/MMBtu lb/MMBtu

*Emissions Data from AP-42

chp emissions calc

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