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GVHD: ThS. Hong Minh Nam N MN HC QU TRNH V THIT B SVTH: Ng Trn Hong Dng (60800371)Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 20121 MC LC LI NI U 3 PHN I. TNG QUAN I.NHIM V CA N 4 II.GII THIU V NGUYN LIU 4 III. KHI QUT V C C 4 1.nh ngha 4 2.Cc phng php c c 4 3.Bn cht ca s c c do nhit 5 4.ng dng ca s c c 5 IV. THIT B C C DNG TRONG PHNG PHP NHIT 5 1.Phn loi v ng dng 5 2.Cc thit b v chi tit trong h thng c c 6 V.LA CHN THIT B C C DUNG DCH NaOH 7 PHN II. THUYT MINH QUY TRNH CNG NGH 7 PHN III. TNH TON V THIT K THIT B CHNH 9 I.CN BNG VT CHT V NNG LNG 9 1.D kin ban u 9 2.Cn bng vt cht 9 3.Tn tht nhit 9 4.Cn bng nng lng11 II.TNH KCH THC THIT B C C 13 A.TNH TON TRUYN NHIT CHO THIT B C C 13 1.H s cp nhit khi ngng t hi 13 2.H s cp nhit t b mt t n dng cht lng si 14 3.Nhit ti ring pha tng 15 4.Tin trnh tnh cc nhit ti ring 16 5.H s truyn nhit tng qut K cho qu trnh c c 16 6.Din tch b mt truyn nhit 16 B.TNH KCH THC THIT B C C 17 1.Tnh kch thc bung bc 17 2.Tnh kch thc bung t 18 3.Tnh kch thc cc ng dn 20 C.TNH BN C KH CHO CC CHI TIT CA THIT B C C21 1.Tnh cho bung t 21 2.Tnh cho bung bc 23 3.Tnh cho y thit b 26 4.Tnh cho np thit b 31 GVHD: ThS. Hong Minh Nam N MN HC QU TRNH V THIT B SVTH: Ng Trn Hong Dng (60800371)Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 20122 5.Tnh mt bch32 6.Tnh v ng 34 7.Khi lng v tai treo 36 PHN IV. TNH TON THIT B PH 43 I.THIT B GIA NHIT 43 1.H s cp nhit khi ngng t hi 43 2.H s cp nhit t b mt t n dng cht lng si 44 3.Nhit ti ring pha tng 45 4.Din tch b mt truyn nhit 45 II.THIT B NGNG T 48 1.Chn thit b ngng t 48 2.Tnh thit b ngng t 48 III. BN CAO V 54 IV. BM 56 1.Bm chn khng 56 2.Bm a nc vo thit b ngng t56 3.Bm a dung dch nhp liu ln bn cao v 58 4.Bm tho liu 60 V.CC CHI TIT PH 63 1.Lp cch nhit 63 2.Ca sa cha63 3.Knh quan st63 PHN V. TNH TON GI THNH 64 KT LUN 65 TI LIU THAM KHO 66 GVHD: ThS. Hong Minh Nam N MN HC QU TRNH V THIT B SVTH: Ng Trn Hong Dng (60800371)Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 20123 LI NI U Trong k hoch o to i vi sinh vin nm th t, mn hc n Qu trnh v Thit b l c hi tt cho vic h thng kin thc v cc qu trnh v thit b ca cng ngh ho hc. Bn cnh , mn ny cn l dp sinh vin tip cn thc t thng qua vic tnh ton, thit k v la chn cc chi tit ca mt thit b vi cc s liu c th, thng dng. C c chn khng mt ni lin tc dung dch NaOH l n c thc hin di s hng dn trctipcaThS.HongMinhNam,bmnQutrnhvThitb-khoaKthutHohc trngihcBchKhoaThnhphHChMinh.Ngivitxinchnthnhcmnthy Hong Minh Nam cngnh cc thy c ca b mn Qu trnh v Thit b v nhng ngi bn nhit tnh gip trong qu trnh thc hin.V n Qu trnh v Thit b l ti ln u tin m mt sinh vin m nhn nn thiu st v hnchtrongqutrnhthchinlkhngtrnhkhi.Do,ngivitrtmongnhnc thm gp , ch dn t thy c gio v bn b cng c v m rng kin thc chuyn mn. GVHD: ThS. Hong Minh Nam N MN HC QU TRNH V THIT B SVTH: Ng Trn Hong Dng (60800371)Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 20124 PHN I. TNG QUAN V C C I.NHIM V CA N -Thit k thit b c c chn khng 1 ni lin tc c c dung dch NaOH. -Nng sut nhp liu: 1 m3/h -Nng u: 18% khi lng -Nng cui: 30% khi lng -p sut ngng t: Pck = 0,4 at -Nhit u ca nguyn liu: 30 oC (chn) II.GII THIU V NGUYN LIU -Natri hydroxid NaOH nguyn cht l cht rn mu trng, c dng tinh th, khi lng ring 2,13 g/ml, nng chy 318 oC v si 1388 oC di p sut kh quyn. NaOH tan tt trong nc (1110 g/l 20 oC) v s ho tan to nhit mnh. NaOH t tan hn trong cc dung mi hucnhmethanol,ethanolNaOHrnvdungdchNaOHudhpthCO2t khng kh nn chng cn c cha trong cc thng kn. -Dung dch NaOH l mt base mnh, c tnh n da v c kh nng n mn cao. V vy, ta cn lu n vic n mn thit b v m bo an ton lao ng trong qu trnh sn xut NaOH.-Ngnh cng nghip sn xut NaOH l mt trong nhng ngnh sn xut ho cht c bn v lu nm. N ng vai tr to ln trong s pht trin ca cc ngnh cng nghip khc nh dt, tng hp t nhn to, lc ho du, sn xut phn... -Trc y trong cng nghip, NaOH c sn xut bng cch cho Ca(OH)2 tc dng vi dungdchNa2CO3 longvnng.Ngynay,ngitadngphngphphinilin phn dung dch NaCl bo ho. Tuy nhin, dung dch sn phm thu c thng c nng rtlong,gykhkhntrongvicvnchuynixa.thuntinchochuynchvs dng, ngi ta phi c c dung dch NaOH n mt nng nht nh theo yu cu. III. KHI QUT V C C 1.nh ngha C c l phngphpdng nngcao nng cccht ho tan trong dung dchgm 2 hainhiucut.Qutrnhcccadungdchlngrnhaylnglngcchnhlch nhit si rt cao thng c tin hnh bng cch tch mt phn dung mi (cu t d bay hi hn); l cc qu trnh vt l ho l. Tu theo tnh cht ca cu t kh bay hi (hay khng bay hi trong qu trnh ), ta c th tch mt phn dung mi (cu t d bay hi hn) bng phng php nhit (un nng) hoc phng php lm lnh kt tinh.

2.Cc phng php c c -Phngphpnhit(unnng):dungmichuynttrngthilngsangtrngthihi ditcdngcanhitkhipsutringphncanbngpsuttcdnglnmt thong cht lng. GVHD: ThS. Hong Minh Nam N MN HC QU TRNH V THIT B SVTH: Ng Trn Hong Dng (60800371)Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 20125 -Phng php lnh: khi h thp nhit n mt mc no , mt cu t s tch ra di dng tinh th ca n cht tinh khit; thng l kt tinh dung mi tng nng cht tan. Tu tnh cht cu t v p sut bn ngoi tc dng ln mtthong m qu trnh kt tinh xy ra nhit cao hay thp v i khi ta phi dng my lnh. 3.Bn cht ca s c c do nhit to thnh hi (trng thi t do), tc chuyn ng v nhit ca cc phn t cht lng gn mt thongln hn tcgii hn.Phn tkhi bay hi s thu nhit khc phc lc lin kttrngthilngvtrlcbnngoi.Do,tacncungcpnhitccphnt nng lng thc hin qu trnh ny. Bn cnh , s bay hi xy ra ch yu l do cc bt kh hnh thnh trong qu trnh cp nhit v chuyn ng lin tc, do chnh lchkhi lng ringcc phn t trn b mt v di ytonnstunhontnhintrongnicc.Tchkhngkhvlngkeo(protit)s ngn chn s to bt khi c c. 4.ng dng ca s c c Trong sn xut thc phm, ta cn c c cc dung dch ng, m chnh, nc tri cy Trong sn xut ho cht, ta cn c c cc dung dch NaOH, NaCl, CaCl2, cc mui v c Hinnay,phnlnccnhmysnxuthocht,thcphmusdngthitbcc nh mt thit b hu hiu t nng sn phmmongmun.Mc d c cch lmt hot ng gin tip nhng n rt cn thit v gn lin vi s tn ti ca nh my. Cng vi s pht trin ca nh my, vic ci thin hiu qu ca thit b c c l mt tt yu.N i hi phi c nhng thit b hin i, m bo an ton v hiu sut cao.Do , yu cu c t ra cho ngik s l phi ckin thcchc chn hn v a dng hn, ch ngkhm ph cc nguyn l mi ca thit b c c. IV.THIT B C C DNG TRONG PHNG PHP NHIT 1.Phn loi v ng dng 1.1. Theo cu to -Nhm 1: dung dch i lu t nhin (tun hon t nhin). Thit b c c nhm ny c th c c dung dch kh long, nht thp, m bo s tun hon d dng qua b mt truyn nhit. Bao gm: -C bung t trong (ng trc bung bc), ng tun hon trong hoc ngoi. -C bung t ngoi (khng ng trc bung bc) -Nhm 2: dung dch i lu cng bc (tun hon cng bc). Thit b c c nhm ny dng bm to vn tc dung dch t 1,5 m/s n 3,5 m/s ti b mt truyn nhit. u im chnh l tng cng h s truyn nhit k, dng c cho cc dung dch kh c st, nht cao, gim bm cn, kt tinh trn b mt truyn nhit. Bao gm: -C bung t trong, ng tun hon ngoi. -C bung t ngoi, ng tun hon ngoi. GVHD: ThS. Hong Minh Nam N MN HC QU TRNH V THIT B SVTH: Ng Trn Hong Dng (60800371)Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 20126 -Nhm 3: dung dch chy thnh mngmng. Thit b c c nhm nych cho php dung dch chy dng mng qua b mt truyn nhit mt ln (xui hay ngc) trnh stcdngnhitlulmbinchtmtsthnhphncadungdch.cbit thch hp cho cc dung dch thc phm nh nc tri cy, hoa qu p. Bao gm: -Mng dung dch chy ngc, c bung t trong hay ngoi: dung dch si to bt kh v.-Mng dung dch chy xui, c bung t trong hay ngoi: dung dch si t to bt v bt d v. 1.2. Theo phng thc thc hin qu trnh -C c p sut thng (thit b h): nhit siv p sutkhng i; thng c dng trong c c dungdch lin tc gimc dung dch c nh, nhm t nng sut cc i v thi gian c c ngn nht. -Ccpsutchnkhng:dungdchcnhitsithppsutchnkhng. Dung dch tun hon tt, t to cn v s bay hi dung mi din ra lin tc. -C c nhiu ni: mc ch chnh l tit kim hi t. S ni khng nn qu ln v n lm gim hiu qu tit kim hi. Ngi ta c th c chn khng, c p lc hay phi hp c hai phng php; c bit c th s dng hi th cho mc ch khc nng cao hiu qu kinh t.-C c lin tc: cho kt qu tt hn c c gin on. C th c iu khin t ng nhng hin cha c cm bin tin cy. iviminhmthitb,taucththitkbungttrong,bungtngoi,c hoc khng c ng tun hon. Tu theo iu kin k thut v tnh cht ca dung dch, ta c th p dng ch c c p sut chn khng, p sut thng hoc p sut d. 2.Cc thit b v chi tit trong h thng c c -Thit b chnh: -ng nhp liu, ng tho liu -ng tun hon, ng truyn nhit -Bung t, bung bc, y, np -Cc ng dn: hi t, hi th, nc ngng, kh khng ngng -Thit b ph: -B cha nguyn liu -B cha sn phm -Bn cao v -Lu lng k -Thit b gia nhit -Thit b ngng t baromet -Bm nguyn liu vo bn cao v GVHD: ThS. Hong Minh Nam N MN HC QU TRNH V THIT B SVTH: Ng Trn Hong Dng (60800371)Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 20127 -Bm tho liu -Bm nc vo thit b ngng t -Bm chn khng -Cc van -Thit b o nhit , p sut V.LA CHN THIT B C C DUNG DCH NaOH -Theo tnh cht ca nguyn liu v sn phm, cng nh iu kin k thut ca u , ngi vit la chn thit b c c chn khng 1 ni lin tc c bung t trong v ng tun hon trung tm. Thit b c c loi ny c cu to n gin, d v sinh v sa cha. -C c p sut chn khng lm gim nhit si ca dung dch, gim chi ph nng lng, hn ch vic cht tan b li cun theo v bm li trn thnh thit b (lm h thit b). -Tuy nhin, loi thit b v phng php ny cho tc tun hon dung dch nh (v ng tun hon cng c un nng) v h s truyn nhit thp. PHN II. THUYT MINH QUY TRNH CNG NGH NguynliubanuldungdchNaOHcnng18%.Dungdchtbchanguynliu c bm ln bn cao v. T bn cao v, dung dch chy qua lu lng k ri i vo thit b gia nhit v c un nng n nhit si. Thit b gia nhit l thit b trao i nhit dng ng chm: thn hnh tr, t ng, bn trong gm nhiu ng nh c b tr theo nh hnh tam gic u. Cc u ng c gi cht trn v ng v v ng c hn dnh vo thn. Ngun nhit l hi nc bo ho c p sut 4 at i bn ngoi ng (phav).Dungdchitdilnbntrongng.Hincbohongngttrnbmt ngoi ca ng v cp nhit cho dung dch nng nhit ca dung dch ln nhit si. Dung dch sau khi c gia nhit s chy vo thit b c c thc hin qu trnh bc hi.Hi nc ngng t thnh nc lng v theo ng dn nc ngng qua by hi chy ra ngoi. Nguyn l lm vic ca ni c c: Phndicathitblbungt,gmcccngtruynnhitvmtngtunhontrung tm. Dung dch i trongng cn hi t (hi nc bo ho) i trongkhongkhnggian ngoi ng. Hi t ngng t bn ngoi ng v truyn nhit cho dung dch ang chuyn ng trong ng. Dung dch i trong ng theo chiu t trn xung v nhn nhit do hi t ngng t cung cp si,lmhohimtphndungmi.Hingngttheongdnncngngquabyhi chy ra ngoi. Nguyn tc hot ng ca ng tun hon trung tm: Khi thit b lm vic, dung dch trong ng truyn nhit si to thnh hn hp lng hi c khi lng ring gim i v b y t di ln trn ming ng. i vi ng tun hon, th tch dung dch theo mt n v b mt truyn nhit ln hn so vi trong ng truyn nhit nn lng hi to ra trong ng truyn nhit ln hn. V l do trn, khi lng ring ca hn hp lng hi ng tun hon ln hn so vi ng truyn nhit v hn hp ny c y xung di. Kt qu l c GVHD: ThS. Hong Minh Nam N MN HC QU TRNH V THIT B SVTH: Ng Trn Hong Dng (60800371)Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 20128 dng chuyn ng tun hon t nhin trong thit b: t di ln trong ng truyn nhit v t trn xung trong ng tun hon.Phn pha trn thit b l bung bc tch hn hp lng hi thnh 2 dng. Hi th i ln pha trnbungbc,nbphntchgittchnhnggitlngrakhidng.Gitlngchy xung di cn hi th tip tc i ln. Dung dch cn li c hon lu.Dungdchsaucccbmrangoitheongthosnphmvobchasnphmnh bmlytm.Hithvkhkhngngngthotratphatrncabungbcivothitb ngng t baromet (thit b ngng t kiu trc tip).Cht lm lnh l nc c bm vo ngn trn cng cn dng hi th c dn vo ngn di cngca thit b. Dng hi th i ln gp ncgiinhitngngtthnhlngvcngchyxungbnchaquangbaromet.Kh khng ngng tip tc i ln trn, c dn qua b phn tchgit ri c bm chn khng ht rangoi.Khihithngngtthnhlngththtchcahigimlmpsuttrongthitb ngng t gim. V vy, thit b ngng t baromet l thit b n nh chn khng, duy tr p sut chn khng trong h thng. Thit b lm vic p sut chn khng nn n phi c lp t cao cn thit nc ngng c th t chy ra ngoi kh quyn m khng cn bm.Bnhtchgitcmtvchngnvinhimvtchnhnggitlngblicuntheodngkh khng ngng a v bn cha nc ngng.Bmchnkhngcnhimvhtkhkhngngngrangoitrnhtrnghpkhkhng ngngtchttrongthitbngngtqunhiu,lmtngpsuttrongthitbvnccth chy ngc vo ni c c. GVHD: ThS. Hong Minh Nam N MN HC QU TRNH V THIT B SVTH: Ng Trn Hong Dng (60800371)Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 20129 PHN III. TNH TON V THIT K THIT B CHNH I. CN BNG VT CHT V NNG LNG 1.D kin ban u -Nng u: x = 18 % -Nng cui: xc = 30 % -Nng sut nhp liu: V = 1m3/h -Nhit u ca nguyn liu: chn t0 = 30 oC -Gia nhit bng hi nc bo ho, p sut 4 at -p sut ngng t: pck = 0,4 at pc = 1 0,4 = 0,6 at 2.Cn bng vt cht 2.1.Sut lng tho liu (Gc) KhilngringcadungdchNaOH18%30 oC:=1191,65kg/m3(trabng4, trang 11, [8]). Sut lng nhp liu: G = .V = 1191,65.1 = 1191,65 kg/h Theo cng thc 5.16, trang 293, [5]: G .x = Gc.xc 99 , 7143018 . 65 , 1191 .= = =c cxx GG kg/h (1) 2.2.Tng lng hi th bc ln (W) Theo cng thc 5.16, trang 293, [5]: G = W + Gc W = G Gc = 1191,65 714,99 = 476,66 kg/h (2) 3.Tn tht nhit -Tacpsuttithitbngngtlpc=0,6atnhitcahithtrongthitb ngng t l tc = 85,5 oC (trang 314, [1]). - l tn tht nhit ca hi th trn ng ng dn t bung bc n thit b ngng t. Chn = 1 oC (trang 296, [5]). -Nhit si ca dung mi ti p sut bung bc: tsdm(po) tc = tsdm(po) = tc + = 85,5 + 1 = 86,5 oC -p sut bung bc: tra [1], trang 312 nhit 86,5 oC po = 0,6275 at 3.1.Tn tht nhit do nng tng () Theo cng thc ca Tisenc (VI.10), trang 59, [2]: fo.' 'A = ATrong : - 'oA - tn tht nhit do nhit si ca dung dch ln hn nhit si ca dung mi p sut kh quyn. Dung dch c c c c tun hon nn a = xc = 30 %. Tra bng VI.2, trang 67, [2]: 'oA = 17 oC GVHD: ThS. Hong Minh Nam N MN HC QU TRNH V THIT B SVTH: Ng Trn Hong Dng (60800371)Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 201210 -f h s hiu chnh do khc p sut kh quyn, c tnh theo cng thc VI.11, trang 59, [2]: rtf2) 273 (. 14 , 16+=Trong : t - nhit si ca dung mi p sut cho (tsdm(po) = 86,5 oC) r - n nhit ho hi ca dung mi nguyn cht p sut lm vic. Tra bng I.251, trang 314, [1]: r = 2293,25 kJ/kg. 1000 . 25 , 2293) 273 5 . 86 (. 14 , 162+= f = 0,9096 (3) = 17.0,9096 = 15,4632 oC (4) tsdd(po) = tsdm(po) + = 86,5 + 15,4632 = 101,9632 oC (5) 3.2.Tn tht nhit do p sut thu tnh () Gi chnh lch p sut t b mt dung dch n gia ng l p (N/m2), ta c: p = op sH g. . .21 ; N/m2 (6) Trong : -s khi lng ring trung bnh ca dung dch khi si bt; kg/m3 s = 0,5.dd dd khi lng ring thc ca dung dch c khng c bt hi; kg/m3 Chn tsdd(po+ p) = 103 oC, C% = xc = 30 %, ta c dd = 1273,25 kg/m3 (tra bng 4, trang 11, [8]). s = 0,5.1273,25 = 636,625 kg/m3 (7) -Hop chiu cao thch hp ca dung dch si tnh theo knh quan st mc cht lng; m Hop = [0,26 + 0,0014.(dd dm)].ho

Chn chiu cao ng truyn nhit l ho = 1,5 m (bng VI.6, trang 80, [2]) dm khi lng ring ca dung mi ti nhit si ca dung dch 103 oC. Tra bng I.249, trang 311, [1], dm = 956,18 kg/m3 Hop = [0,26 + 0,0014.(1273,25 956,18)].1,5 = 1,056 m (8) p = 410 . 81 , 9056 , 1. 81 , 9 . 625 , 636 .21= 0,0336 at (9) ptb = po + p = 0,6275 + 0,0336 = 0,6611 at (10) Tra bng I.251, trang 314, [1], ptb = 0,6611 at tng ng vi tsdm(ptb) = 87,822 oC Ta c: = tsdm(po + p) tsdm(po) (trang 108, [3]) = tsdd(po + p) tsdd(po) = 87,822 86,5 = 1,322 oC (11) tsdd(ptb) = tsdd(po) + = 101,9632 + 1,322 = 103,2852 oC (12) Sai s 0,28% c chp nhn. Vy tsdd(ptb) = 103 oC. Sn phm c ly ra ti y tsdd(po + 2p) = 101,9632 + 2.1,322 = 104,61 oC GVHD: ThS. Hong Minh Nam N MN HC QU TRNH V THIT B SVTH: Ng Trn Hong Dng (60800371)Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 201211 -Tng tn tht nhit : = + + = 15,4632 + 1,322 + 1 = 17,785 oC (13) -Gia nhit bng hi nc bo ho, p sut hi t l 4 at, tD = 142,9 oC (bng I.251, trang 315, [1]). Chnh lch nhit hu ch: thi = tD (tc + ) thi = 142,9 (85,5 + 17,785) = 39,615 oC (14) Thng sK hiun vGi tr Nng ux%wt18 Nng cuixc%wt30 Nng sut nhp liuGkg/h1191,65 Nng sut tho liuGckg/h714,99 HI TH Sut lngWkg/h476,66 p sutpoat0,6275 Nhit tsdm(po) oC86,5 EnthalpyiWkJ/kg2655,7 n nhit ngng trWkJ/kg2293,25 HI T p sutpDat4 Nhit tD oC142,9 n nhit ngng trDkJ/kg2141 TN THT NHIT Nhit si ca dung dch potsdd(po) oC101,9632 Tn tht nhit do nng oC15,4632 p sut trung bnhptbat0,6611 Nhit si ca dung mi ptbtsdm(ptb) oC87,822 Tn tht nhit do ct thu tnh oC1,322 Nhit si ca dung dch ptbtsdd(ptb) oC103 Tn tht nhit trn ng ng oC1 Tng tn tht nhit oC17,785 Chnh lch nhit hu chthi oC39,615 4.Cn bng nng lng 4.1.Cn bng nhit lng Dng nhit vo (W): -Do dung dch u Gct -Do hi t D"Di-Do hi ngng trong ng ng dn hi t DctD GVHD: ThS. Hong Minh Nam N MN HC QU TRNH V THIT B SVTH: Ng Trn Hong Dng (60800371)Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 201212 Dng nhit ra (W): -Do sn phm mang ra Gccctc -Do hi th mang ra W"Wi-Do nc ngng Dc -Nhit c c Qc -Nhit tn thtQtt Nhit ca dung dch NaOH 18 % trc v sau khi i qua thit b gia nhit: -tvo = 30 oC -tra = tsdd(po) = 101,9632 oC Nhit ca dung dch NaOH 18 % i vo thit b c c l t = 101,9632 oC Nhit ca dung dch NaOH 30 % i ra y thit b c c l: tc = tsdd(po) + 2 = 101,9632 + 2.1,322 = 104,61 oC (15) (cng thc 2.15, trang 107, [3]) Nhit dung ring ca dung dch NaOH: Nhit dung ring ca dung dch NaOH cc nng khc nhau c tnh theo cng thc (I.43) v (I.44), trang 152, [1]: -a = 18 % (a < 0,2): c = 4186.(1 - a) = 4186.(1 - 0,18) = 3432,52 J/(kg.K) -a = 30 % (a > 0,2): cc = 4186 - (4186 - cct).a = 4186 (4186 1310,75).0,3 = 3323,425 J/(kg.K) VicctlnhitdungringcaNaOHkhan,ctnhtheocngthc(I.41)v bng I.141, trang 152, [1]: 75 , 1310409630 16800 26000 1 . 1 . 1 .=+ +=+ +=ctH O NactMc c ccJ/(kg.K) (16) 4.2.Phng trnh cn bng nhit Gct + D"Di + DctD = Gccctc + W"Wi + Dc Qc + Qtt (17) (+Qc ng vi qu trnh thu nhit, - Qc ng vi qu trnh to nhit) C th b qua: -Nhitlngdohincbohongngttrongngngdnhitvo bung t: DctD = 0 -Nhit c c: Qc = 0 Trong hi nc bo ho, bao gi cng c mt lng nc ngng b cun theo khong = 0,05 ( m ca hi). Nhit lng do hi nc bo ho cung cp l D(1 - )("Di- c); W Ncngngchyracnhitbngnhitcahitvo(khngcqulnhsau khi ngng) th ("Di- c) = rD = 2141 kJ/kg (n nhit ngng t ca hi t). GVHD: ThS. Hong Minh Nam N MN HC QU TRNH V THIT B SVTH: Ng Trn Hong Dng (60800371)Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 201213 (17) D(1 - )("Di- c) + Gct = Gccctc + W"Wi+ Qtt (18) Thay Qtt = QD = 0,05QD (18) QD = D(1 - )(1 - )("Di- c) = G(cctc - ct) + W("Wi- cctc) (19) Lng hi t biu kin: Dc c W c c rt c i W t c t c GD) 1 )( 1 () ( ) (" c + =2141000 ). 05 , 0 1 )( 05 , 0 1 () 61 , 104 . 425 , 3323 2655700 .(360066 , 476) 9632 , 101 . 52 , 3432 61 , 104 . 425 , 3323 (360065 , 1191 + == 0,1578 kg/s(20) Nhit lng do hi t cung cp: QD = D(1 - )(1 ).rD = 0,1578.(1 0,05).(1-0,05).2141000 = 304824,9 W (21) Lng hi t tiu tn ring: 1915 , 1360066 , 4761578 , 0= = =WDdkg hi t/ kg hi th (22) Thng sK hiun vGi tr Nhit vo bung bct oC101,9632 Nhit ra y bung ttc oC104,61 Nhit dung ring dung dch 18%cJ/(kg.K)3432,52 Nhit dung ring dung dch 30%ccJ/(kg.K)3323,425 Nhit tn thtQttW15241,24 Nhit lng do hi t cung cpQDW304824,9 Lng hi t biu kinDkg/s0,1578 Lng hi t tiu tn ringdkg/kg1,1915 II. THIT K THIT B CHNH A.TNH TON TRUYN NHIT CHO THIT B C C 1.H s cp nhit khi ngng t hi Gim tc hi t nhm bo v cc ng truyn nhit ti khu vc hi t vo bng cch chia lm nhiu ming vo. Chn tc hi t nh ( = 10 m/s), nc ngng chy mng (do ng truyn nhit ngn c h0 = 1,5 m), ngng hi bo ho tinh khit trn b mt ng. Cng thc (V.101), trang 28, [4] c p dng: 25 , 011.. . 04 , 2||.|

\|A=t HrA oTrong : 1 h s cp nhit pha hi ngng; W/(m2.K) r - n nhit ngng t ca hi nc bo ho p sut 4 at (2141 kJ/kg) H - chiu cao ng truyn nhit (H = h0 = 1,5 m)GVHD: ThS. Hong Minh Nam N MN HC QU TRNH V THIT B SVTH: Ng Trn Hong Dng (60800371)Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 201214 A - h s, i vi nc th ph thuc vo nhit mng nc ngng tm 21 v Dmt tt+=Sau nhiu ln tnh lp, ta chn nhit vch ngoi tv1 = 139,8 oC. C tom35 , 14128 , 139 9 , 142=+=Tra A [2], trang 28: tm; oC 020406080100120140160180200 A104120139155169179188194197199199 A = 194,405 t1 = tD tv1 = 142,9 139,8 = 3,1 oC 1 = 25 , 01 , 3 . 5 , 12141000. 405 , 194 . 04 , 2 |.|

\|= 10330,67 W/(m2.K) (23) Nhit ti ring pha hi ngng: q1 =1.t1 = 10330,67.3,1 = 32025,08 W/m2(24) 2.H s cp nhit t b mt t n dng cht lng si p dng cng thc (VI.27), trang 71, [2]: 435 , 02 565 , 02. . . .(((

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\|=dddmdmdddmdddmddncco o ; W/(m2.K)Trong : n - h s cp nhit ca nc khi c c theo nng dung dch. Do nc si si bt nn n c tnh theo cng thc (V.91), trang 26, [2]: n = 0,145.p0,5.t2,33

vi p = po = 0,6275 at = 61536,73 N/m2 Sau khi tnh lp, tv2 = 112,4337 oC t = t2 = tv2 tsdd(ptb) = 112,4337 - 103 = 9,4337 oC n = 0,145.61536,730,5.9,43372,33 = 6713,44 W/(m2.K) cdd = 3323,425 J/(kg.K) - nhit dung ring ca dung dch tsdd(ptb) cdm = 4239,688 J/(kg.K) - nhit dung ring ca nc tsdm(ptb) dd = 0,001769 Pa.s - nht ca dung dch tsdd(ptb) dm = 0,000322 Pa.s - nht ca nc tsdm(ptb) dd = 1273,25 kg/m3 - khi lng ring ca dung dch tsdd(ptb) dm = 966,78 kg/m3 - khi lng ring ca nc tsdm(ptb) dd = 0,59 W/(m.K) - h s dn nhit ca dung dch tsdd(ptb) dm = 0,679 W/(m.K) - h s dn nhit ca nc tsdm(ptb) GHI CH: cdm, dm, dm, dm: tra bng I.249, trang 311, [1] dd : tra bng 9, trang 16, [8] GVHD: ThS. Hong Minh Nam N MN HC QU TRNH V THIT B SVTH: Ng Trn Hong Dng (60800371)Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 201215 dd : tra bng 4, trang 11, [8] dd c tnh theo cng thc (I.32), trang 123, [1]: 3. . .Mc Addiddi ddi dd =A h s ph thuc vo mc lin kt ca cht lng. i vi cht lng lin kt, A = 3,58.10-8 M khi lng mol ca hn hp lng, y l hn hp NaOH v H2O. M = a.MNaOH + (1 a).MH2O = a.40 + (1 a).18; kg/kmol a phn mol ca NaOH. Xem nng NaOH trong dung dch l 30% (xc) 161677 , 0183 , 0 1403 , 0403 , 012=+=+=O HcNaOHcNaOHcMxMxMxaM = 0,161677.40 + (1 0,161677).18 = 21,55689 kg/kmol 59 , 055689 , 2125 , 1273. 25 , 1273 . 425 , 3323 . 10 . 58 , 3 38= =dd W/(m.K) (25) 2 =435 , 02 565 , 0001769 , 0000322 , 0688 , 4239425 , 332378 , 96625 , 1273679 , 059 , 0. 44 , 6713(((

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\|= 3377,42 W/(m2.K) (26) 3.Nhit ti ring pha tng Cng thc tnh: vvvrtqEA= ; W/m2 Trong : rv tng tr vch; m2.K/W 3 3 32 110 . 8545 , 0 10 . 387 , 03 , 16002 , 010 . 3448 , 0 = + + = + + = E r r rvom2.K/W (27) Vi: r1 = 29001 = 0.3448.10-3 m2.K/W nhit tr pha hi nc do vch ngoi ca ng c mng mng nc ngng (bng 31, trang 29, [8]). r2=0,387.10-3m2.K/Wnhittrphadungdchdovchtrongcangclp cn bn dy 0,5 mm (bng V.1, trang 4, [2]). = 2 mm = 0,002 m b dy ng truyn nhit =16,3W/(m.K)hsdnnhitcang(trabngXII.7,trang313,[2]vi ng c lm bng thp khng g OX18H10T) tv = tv1 - tv2 ; K chnh lch nhit gia 2 vch tng Vi qu trnh c c chn khng lin tc, s truyn nhit n nh nn qv = q1 = q2. tv = qv.rv = 32025,08.0,8545.10-3 = 27,3663 oCGVHD: ThS. Hong Minh Nam N MN HC QU TRNH V THIT B SVTH: Ng Trn Hong Dng (60800371)Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 201216 Nhit ti ring pha dung dch: q2 =2.t2 = 3377,42.9,4337 = 31861,55 W/m2 (28) 4.Tin trnh tnh cc nhit ti ring Dng phng php s, ta ln lt tnh lp qua cc bc sau: Chn nhit tng pha hi ngng tv1, t tnh tm theo (18) v t1 = tD tv1.Tnh h s cp nhit pha hi ngng 1 theo (17), t tnh q1. t qv = q1, t tnh tv theo (25). Tnh tv2 = tv1 tv, t tnh t2 = tv2 tsdd(ptb) v h s cp nhit pha dung dch si 2 theo (21). Tnh q2. Tnh sai s tng i ca q2 so vi q1. Vng lp kt thc khi sai s ny nh hn 5 %. Sai s tng i ca q2 so vi q1: % 5132 , 0 % 100 .08 , 3202508 , 32025 55 , 31861% 100 .11 2 ===qq qq o% 5 < q o nn sai s c chp nhn (cc thng s c chn ph hp). Nhit ti ring trung bnh: 32 , 31943255 , 31861 08 , 3202522 1=+=+=q qqtb W/m2

5.H s truyn nhit tng qut K cho qu trnh c c K c tnh thng qua cc h s cp nhit: 66 , 80142 , 3377110 . 8545 , 067 , 10330111 1132 1=+ +=+ E +=o ovrK W/(m2.K) (29) 6.Din tch b mt truyn nhit 5985 , 9615 , 39 . 66 , 8019 , 304824.= =A=hiDt KQF m2 (30) Chn: F = 9,5985 m2. Thng sK hiun vGi tr Nhit tng pha hi ngngtv1 oC139,8 Nhit tng pha dung dch sitv2 oC112,4337 H s cp nhit pha hi ngng1W/(m2.K)10330,67 H s cp nhit pha dung dch si2W/(m2.K)3377,42 B dy ng truyn nhitm0,002 H s dn nhit ca vt liu lm ngW/(m.K)16,3 Nhit tr pha hi ncr1m2.K/W0.3448.10-3 Nhit tr pha dung dchr2m2.K/W0.387.10-3 H s truyn nhit tng qutKW/(m2.K)801,66 Nhit ti ring trung bnhqtbW/m231943,32 Din tch b mt truyn nhitFm29,5985 GVHD: ThS. Hong Minh Nam N MN HC QU TRNH V THIT B SVTH: Ng Trn Hong Dng (60800371)Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 201217 B.TNH KCH THC THIT B C C 1.Tnh kch thc bung bc 1.1.ng knh bung bc (Db) Lu lng hi th trong bung bc: 3537 , 03743 , 0 . 360066 , 476= = =hhWV m3/s Trong : W sut lng hi th; kg/h h = 0,3743 kg/m3 khi lng ring ca hi th p sut bung bc po = 0,6275 at (tra bng I.251, trang 314, [1]) Tc hi th trong bung bc: 2 2 24504 , 0.3537 , 0 . 44.b b bhhD D DVw = = =t t; m/s (31) Trong : Db ng knh bung bc; m Tc lng: c tnh theo cng thc (5.14), trang 276, [5]: 6 , 0 2 , 101399 , 13743 , 0 . . 804 , 7 . 30003 , 0 ). 3743 , 0 61 , 967 .( 81 , 9 . 4" . . 3). " ' .( . 4b bD Dd gw === ; m/s (32) Trong : '=967,61kg/m3khilngringcagitlngtsdm(po)(trabngI.249,trang 311, [1]) h = 0,3743 kg/m3 khi lng ring ca hi th p sut bung bc po = 0,6275 at d ng knh git lng; m. Chn d = 0,0003 m (trang 292, [5]). h s tr lc, tnh theo Re: Re 2 22146 , 4000012 , 0 .3743 , 0 . 0003 , 0 . 4504 , 0 " . .b b hhD Dd w= = = (33) Vi: h=0,012.10-3Pa.snhtnglchccahithpsut0,6275at(tra hnh VI, trang 57, [8]).Nu 0,2 < Re < 500 th6 , 0Re5 , 18= (34) (33), (34) 2 , 1. 804 , 7bD = (35) p dng iu kin wh < (0,7 0,8)wo theo [5]: Chn wh < 0,7wo (36) 6 , 0 21399 , 1. 7 , 04504 , 0b bD D< Db > 0,6647 m chn Db = 0,8 m = 800 mm theo tiu chun trang 293, [5]. GVHD: ThS. Hong Minh Nam N MN HC QU TRNH V THIT B SVTH: Ng Trn Hong Dng (60800371)Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 201218 Kim tra li Re: 585 , 68 , 02146 , 4Re2= =(tho 0,2 < Re < 500) Nh vy, ng knh bung bc l Db = 800 mm. 1.2.Chiu cao bung bc (Hb) p dng cng thc VI.33, trang 72, [2]: Utt = f.Utt(1 at); m3/(m3.h)Trong : f h s hiu chnh do khc bit p sut kh quyn Utt(1 at) cng bc hi th tch cho php khi p = 1 at Chn Utt(1 at) = 1650 m3/(m3.h), f = 1,1 (tra hnh VI.3, trang 72, [2]). Utt = 1,1.1650 = 1815 m3/(m3.h) (37) Th tch bung bc: 702 , 01815 . 3743 , 066 , 714.= = =tt hbUWVm3 (38) Chiu cao bung bc:396 , 18 , 0 .702 , 0 . 44.2 2= = =t tbbbDVHm(39) Nhm mc ch an ton, ta chn Hb = 2 m (theo iu kin cho qu trnh si si bt). 2.Tnh kch thc bung t 2.1.S ng truyn nhit S ng truyn nhit c tnh theo cng thc (III-49), trang 134, [4]: l dFn. . t=Trong : F = 9,5985 m2 din tch b mt truyn nhit l = 1,5 m chiu di ca ng truyn nhit d ng knh ca ng truyn nhit V 1 > 2 nn ta chn d = dt = 25 mm. S ng truyn nhit l: 47 , 81025 , 0 . 5 , 1 .5985 , 9= =tn(40) Theo bng V.11, trang 48, [2], chn s ng n = 91 v b tr ng theo hnh lc gic u. 2.2.ng knh ng tun hon trung tm (Dth) p dng cng thc (III.26), trang 121, [6]: ttthfD. 4= ; mChn ft = 0,3FD (41) GVHD: ThS. Hong Minh Nam N MN HC QU TRNH V THIT B SVTH: Ng Trn Hong Dng (60800371)Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 201219 Vi 4. .2n dFnDt= (42) 018 , 0491 . 029 , 0 .. 3 , 04. .. 3 , 02 2= = =t t n dfnt m2 1515 , 0018 , 0 . 4= =tthD m (43) chn Dth = 0,273 m = 273 mm theo tiu chun trang 290, [5]. Kim tra:10 92 , 1025273> = =tthdD(tho) 2.3.ng knh bung t (Dt) i vi thit b c c c ng tun hon trung tm v ng t c b tr theo hnh lc gicu,ngknhtrongcabungtctnhtheocngthc(III-52),trang135, [4]: 22) . . 2 (.. sin . . . 4 , 0n thntd DlF dD |o |+ + = ; m (44) Trong : ndt= | - h s, thng c gi tr t 1,3 n 1,5. Chn = 1,4. t bc ng; m dn = 0,029 m ng knh ngoi ca ng truyn nhit h s s dng v ng, thng c gi tr t 0,7 n 0,9. Chn = 0,8. l = 1,5 m chiu di ca ng truyn nhit Dnth = 0,273 + 2.0,002 = 0,277 m ng knh ngoi ca ng tun hon trung tm = 60o gc nh ca tam gic u F = 9,5985 m2 din tch b mt truyn nhit (44) 22) 029 , 0 . 4 , 1 . 2 277 , 0 (5 , 1 . 8 , 05985 , 9 . 60 sin . 029 , 0 . 4 , 1 . 4 , 0+ + =otD = 0,5346 m (45) chn Dt = 600 mm = 0,6 m theo tiu chun trang 291, [5]. 2.4.Kim tra din tch truyn nhit Phn b 91 ng truyn nhit c b tr theo hnh lc gic u nh sau: S hnh lc gic5 S ng trn ng xuyn tm11 Tng s ng khng k cc ng trong hnh vin phn91 S ng trong cc hnh vin phn Dy 10 Dy 20 Tng s ng trong tt c cc hnh vin phn0 Tng s ng ca thit b91

GVHD: ThS. Hong Minh Nam N MN HC QU TRNH V THIT B SVTH: Ng Trn Hong Dng (60800371)Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 201220 Tacnthaythnhngngtruynnhitgiahnhlcgicubngngtunhon trung tm. iu kin thay th c suy ra t cng thc (V.140), trang 49, [2]: Dth t.(b-1) + 4.dn; m Trong : t - bc ng; m. Chn t = 1,4dn 87 , 4 129 . 4 , 129 . 4 2731. 4= += +>td Dbn th chnb=5ngtheobngV.11,trang48,[2].Nhvy,vngngtruynnhitcn c thay th c 5 ng trn ng xuyn tm. S ng truyn nhit c thay th l19 1 ) 1 5 .(431 ) 1 .(432 2= + = + = b n ng. S ng truyn nhit cn li l n = 91 19 = 72 ng. (46) Din tch b mt truyn nhit lc ny l: F = (n.dt + Dth)..H = (72.0,025 + 0,273)..1,5 = 9,7688 m2 > 9,5985 m2 (tho) 3.Tnh kch thc cc ng dn ng knh ca cc ng c tnh mt cch tng qut theo cng thc (VI.41), trang 74, [2]: t . .. 4vGd =Trong : G lu lng khi lng ca lu cht; kg/s v tc ca lu cht; m/s khi lng ring ca lu cht; kg/m3 3.1.ng nhp liu G = 1191,65 kg/h Nhpliuchtlngtnht(dungdchNaOH18%101,9632 oC).Chnv=1,5m/s (trang 74, [2]). = 1147,554 kg/m3

0157 , 0554 , 1147 . 5 , 1 . . 360065 , 1191 . 4. .. 4= = =t t vGdm (47) Chn dt = 20 mm; dn = 25 mm. 3.2.ng tho liu Gc = 714,99 kg/h Tho liu cht lng t nht (dung dch NaOH 30% 104,61 oC). Chn v = 1 m/s (trang 74, [2]). = 1272,158 kg/m3

0141 , 0158 , 1272 . 1 . . 360099 , 714 . 4. .. 4= = =t t vGdm (48) Chn dt = 20 mm; dn = 25 mm. GVHD: ThS. Hong Minh Nam N MN HC QU TRNH V THIT B SVTH: Ng Trn Hong Dng (60800371)Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 201221 3.3.ng dn hi t D = 0,1578 kg/s Dn hi nc bo ho p sut 4 at. Chn v = 20 m/s (trang 74, [2]). = 0,4718 kg/m3 (tra bng I.251, trang 315, [1]). 1459 , 04718 , 0 . 20 .1578 , 0 . 4. .. 4= = =t t vGdm(49) Chn dt = 150 mm; dn = 159 mm. 3.4.ng dn hi th W = 476,66 kg/h Dn hi nc bo ho p sut 0,6275 at. Chn v = 20 m/s (trang 74, [2]). = 0,3473 kg/m3 (tra bng I.251, trang 314, [1]). 15 , 03743 , 0 . 20 . . 360066 , 476 . 4. .. 4= = =t t vGdm (50) Chn dt = 150 mm; dn = 159 mm. 3.5.ng dn nc ngng ChnD Gn.31=Dn nc lng cn bng vi hi nc bo ho 4 at. Chn v = 0,75 m/s (trang 74, [2]). = 923,461 kg/m3 (tra bng I.251, trang 315, [1]). 0098 , 0461 , 923 . 75 , 0 . . 31578 , 0 . 4. .. 4= = =t t vGdm (51) Chn dt = 20 mm; dn = 25 mm. 3.6.ng dn kh khng ngng Chn dt = 20 mm; dn = 25 mm. C.TNH BN C KH CHO CC CHI TIT CA THIT B C C 1.Tnh cho bung t 1.1.S lc v cu to Bung t c ng knh trong Dt = 600 mm, chiu cao Ht = 1500 mm. Thn c 3 l, ng vi 3 ng: dn hi t, x nc ngng, x kh khng ngng. Vt liu ch to l thp khng g OX18H10T, c bc lp cch nhit. 1.2.Tnh ton B dy ti thiu S: Hi t l hi nc bo ho c p sut 4 at nn bung t chu p sut trong l: pm = pD pa = 4 1 = 3 at = 0,2943 N/mm2 (52) p sut tnh ton l: Pt = pm + gH = 0,2943 + 1273,25.9,81.10-6.1,5 = 0,313 N/mm2 (53) GVHD: ThS. Hong Minh Nam N MN HC QU TRNH V THIT B SVTH: Ng Trn Hong Dng (60800371)Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 201222 Nhit ca hi t vo l tD = 142,9 oC, vy nhit tnh ton ca bung t l: ttt = tD + 20 = 142,9 + 20 = 162,9 oC (54) (trng hp thn c bc lp cch nhit) Theo hnh 1.2, trang 16, [7], ng sut cho php tiu chun ca vt liu ttt l: []* = 115 N/mm2 Chn h s hiu chnh = 0,95 (c bc lp cch nhit) (trang 17, [7]). ng sut cho php ca vt liu l: [] = .[]* = 0,95.115 = 109,25 N/mm2 (55) Tra bng 2.12, trang 34, [7]: module n hi ca vt liu ttt lE = 2,05.105 N/mm2. Xt: 25 66 , 331313 , 095 , 0 . 25 , 109 ]. [> = =tP o Theo cng thc 5-3, trang 96, [7]: 9045 , 095 , 0 . 25 , 109 . 2313 , 0 . 600]. .[ 2.' = = = ot tP DSmm (56) Trong : = 0,95 h s bn mi hn (bng 1-8, trang 19, [7], hn 1 pha) Dt = 600 mm ng knh trong ca bung t Pt = 0,313 N/mm2 p sut tnh ton ca bung t B dy thc S: Dt = 600 mm Smin = 3 mm > 0,9045 mm chn S = Smin = 3 mm (theo bng 5.1, trang 94, [7]). Chn h s n mn ho hc l Ca = 1 mm (thi gian lm vic 10 nm). Vt liu c xem l bn c hc nn Cb = Cc = 0. Chn h s b sung do dung sai ca chiu dy C0 = 0,22 mm (theo bng XIII.9, trang 364, [2]). H s b sung b dy l: C = Ca + Cb + Cc + C0 = 1 + 0 + 0 + 0,22 = 1,22 mm B dy thc l: S = S + C = 3 + 1,22 = 4,22 mm (57) Chn S = 5 mm. Kim tra b dy bung t: p dng cng thc 5-10, trang 97, [7]: 1 , 0 00667 , 06001 5< ==taDC S (tho) (58) p sut tnh ton cho php trong bung t: 3747 , 1) 1 5 ( 600) 1 5 .( 95 , 0 . 25 , 109 . 2) () .( ]. .[ 2] [ = += +=a taC S DC SP o N/mm2 > Pt = 0,313 N/mm2 (59) Vy b dy bung t l 5 mm. GVHD: ThS. Hong Minh Nam N MN HC QU TRNH V THIT B SVTH: Ng Trn Hong Dng (60800371)Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 201223 ng knh ngoi ca bung t: Dn = Dt + 2S = 600 + 2.5 = 610 mm Tnh bn cho cc l: ng knh l cho php khng cn tng cng (cng thc 8-2, trang 162, [7]): 3max) 1 ).( .( k C S D da t = ; mm Trong : Dt = 600 mm ng knh trong ca bung t S = 5 mm b dy ca bung t k h s bn ca l 187 , 0) 1 5 )( 313 , 0 25 , 109 . 3 , 2 (600 . 313 , 0) )( ] .[ 3 , 2 (.= = =a tt tC S PD Pko 23 , 46 ) 187 , 0 1 ).( 1 5 .( 25 , 109 . 6003max= = dmm (60) So snh: ng dn hi t Dt = 150 mm > dmax ng x nc ngng Dt = 20 mm < dmax ng x kh khng ngng Dt = 20 mm < dmax Cn tng cng cho l ca hi t vo, dng bc tng cng vi b dy khu tng cng bng b dy thn (5 mm). 2.Tnh cho bung bc 2.1.S lc v cu to Bung bc c ng knh trong l Dt = 800 mm, chiu cao Ht = 2000 mm. Thn c 5 l, gm: ng nhp liu, ng thng p, ca sa cha v 2 knh quan st. Pha di bung bc l phn hnh nn ct c g lin kt vi bung t. Vt liu ch to l thp khng g OX18H10T, c bc lp cch nhit. 2.2.Tnh ton B dy ti thiu S: Bung bc lm vic iu kin chn khng nn chu p lc t bn ngoi. V p sut tuyt i thp nht bn trong l 0,6275 at nn bung bc chu p sut ngoi l: Pn = pm = 2pa p0 = 2.1 0,6275 = 1,3725 at = 0,1346 N/mm2(61) Nhit ca hi th ra l tsdm(po) = 86,5 oC, vy nhit tnh ton ca bung bc l: ttt = 86,5 + 20 = 106,5 oC(62) (trng hp thn c bc lp cch nhit) Chn h s bn mi hn h = 0,95 (bng 1-8, trang 19, [7], hn 1 pha) Theo hnh 1.2, trang 16, [7], ng sut cho php tiu chun ca vt liu ttt l: []* = 122 N/mm2 Chn h s hiu chnh = 0,95 (c bc lp cch nhit) (trang 17, [7]). ng sut cho php ca vt liu l: [] = .[]* = 0,95.122 = 115,9 N/mm2 (63) Tra bng 2.12, trang 34, [7]: module n hi ca vt liu ttt lE = 2,05.105 N/mm2. Chn h s an ton khi chy l nc = 1,65 (bng 1-6, trang 14, [7]). ng sut chy ca vt liu l tco= []*.nc = 122.1,65 = 201,3 N/mm2 (64) Khi lng ring ca dung dch NaOH 30 % tsdd(ptb) l dd = 1273,25 kg/m3 GVHD: ThS. Hong Minh Nam N MN HC QU TRNH V THIT B SVTH: Ng Trn Hong Dng (60800371)Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 201224 p dng cng thc 5-14, trang 98, [7]: 582 , 48002000.10 . 05 , 21346 , 0. 800 . 18 , 1 . . . 18 , 1 '4 , 054 , 0=||.|

\|= |.|

\|=DLEPD Sn mm (65) Trong : Dt = 800 mm ng knh trong ca bung bc Pn = 0,1346 N/mm2 p sut tnh ton ca bung bc L = 2000 mm chiu di tnh ton ca thn, l khong cch gia hai mt bch B dy thc S: Dt=800mmSmin=3mmtatctttDC S EDLo 35800) 1 7 .( 2.3 , 20110 . 05 , 2. 3 , 0 5 , 2((

> 5613 , 0 5 , 2 > (tho) (68) GVHD: ThS. Hong Minh Nam N MN HC QU TRNH V THIT B SVTH: Ng Trn Hong Dng (60800371)Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 201225 Kim tra n nh ca thn khi chu tc dng ca p sut ngoi: So snh Pn vi p sut tnh ton cho php trong thit b [Pn] theo 5-19, trang 99, [7]: ntata t tnPDC SDC SLDE P >||.|

\| = . . . . 649 , 0 ] [2 8001 7.8001 7.2000800. 10 . 05 , 2 . 649 , 025|.|

\| N/mm2 0,1346 N/mm2 2593 , 0 N/mm2 0,1346 N/mm2 (tho) (69) Kim tra n nh ca thn khi chu tc dng ca lc nn chiu trc: Xt: L = 2000 mm 5D = 5.800 = 4000 mm Lc nn chiu trc ln bung bc: ( )13 , 70044 1346 , 0 .47 . 2 800. .4.2 2=+= = t tnnnctPDPN (70) Theo iu kin 5-33, trang 103, [7]: 250 67 , 66) 1 7 .( 2800) .( 225 s ==saC SD Tra ((

=) .( 2acC SDf q [7], trang 103: ) .( 2aC SD 50100150200250500100020002500 qc0,0500,0980,140,150,140,1180,080,060,055 qc = 0,066 0567 , 0 066 , 0 .10 . 05 , 23 , 201. 875 . . 8755= = =cttccqEKo (71) iu kin tho mn n nh ca thn (5-32, trang 103, [7]): tcnctaE KPC S. . t> 510 . 05 , 2 . 0567 , 0 .13 , 700441 7t> 385 , 1 6 > (tho) (72) ng sut nn c tnh theo cng thc 5-48, trang 107, [7]: 6047 , 4) 1 7 ).( 7 800 .(13 , 70044) )( .(= += +=t toa tnctnC S S DP N/mm2 (73) GVHD: ThS. Hong Minh Nam N MN HC QU TRNH V THIT B SVTH: Ng Trn Hong Dng (60800371)Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 201226 ng sut nn cho php c tnh theo cng thc 5-31, trang 103, [7]: | | 188 , 878001 7. 10 . 05 , 2 . 0567 , 0 . .5===ta tc nDC SE K oN/mm2 (74) Kim tra n nh ca thn khi chu tc dng ng thi ca p sut ngoi v lc nn chiu trc: Kim tra iu kin 5-47, trang 107, [7]: | | | |1 s +nnnnPPoo 1 572 , 02593 , 01346 , 0188 , 876047 , 4s = + (tho) (75) Vy b dy bung bc l 7 mm. ng knh ngoi ca bung bc: Dn = Dt + 2S = 800 + 2.7 = 814 mm Tnh bn cho cc l: ng knh l cho php khng cn tng cng (cng thc 8-2, trang 162, [7]): 3max) 1 ).( .( k C S D da t = ; mm Trong : Dt = 800 mm ng knh trong ca bung bc S = 7 mm b dy ca bung t k h s bn ca l 0674 , 0) 1 7 )( 1346 , 0 9 , 115 . 3 , 2 (800 . 1346 , 0) )( ] .[ 3 , 2 (.= = =a nt nC S PD Pko 98 , 60 ) 0674 , 0 1 ).( 1 7 .( 9 , 115 . 8003max= = dmm (76) So snh: ng nhp liu Dt = 20 mm < dmax Ca sa cha Dt = 500 mm > dmax Knh quan st Dt = 200 mm > dmax Cn tng cng cho ca sa cha v knh quan st, dng bc tng cng vi b dy khu tng cng l 15 mm. 3.Tnh cho y thit b 3.1.S lc v cu to -Chn y nn tiu chun Dt = 600 mm. -y nn c phn g cao 40 mm v gc y l 2 = 60o. Tra bng XIII.21, trang 394, [2]: Chiu cao ca y nn (khng k phn g) l H = 544 mm Th tch ca y nn l V = 0,071 m3

-y nn c khoan 1 l tho liu v 1 l gn vi th sn phm. -Vt liu ch to l thp khng g OX18H10T. GVHD: ThS. Hong Minh Nam N MN HC QU TRNH V THIT B SVTH: Ng Trn Hong Dng (60800371)Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 201227 3.2.Tnh ton Chiu cao phn hnh nn ct ni bung bc v bung t Hc: -Chiu cao ny bng chiu cao ca phn dung dch trong bung bc. -Tng th tch ca ng truyn nhit v ng tun hon trung tm: 1408 , 0 5 , 1 .4) 273 , 0 025 , 0 . 72 (. .4) '. (.2 2 2 21=+=+= t t lD d nVth t m3 (77) -Th tch ca phn y nn: V2 = V = 0,071 m3 -Vi ng knh trong ca ng nhp liu l 20 mm, tc nhp liu c tnh li: 9182 , 0554 , 1147 .402 , 0.360065 , 1191.4.2 2= = =t tnlnldGvm/s -Tc dung dch i trong ng tun hon trung tm: 00493 , 0273 , 002 , 0 . 9182 , 0 .'2222= = =thnl nlDd vvm/s -Thi gian lu ca dung dch trong thit b: 534 , 55000493 , 04273 , 0.071 , 05 , 1'4.''2 2=+=+=+=t ttvDVlvl lth s Trong : vnl tc ca dung dch trong ng nhp liu; m/s dnl ng knh trong ca ng nhp liu; m Dth -ng knh trong ca ng tun hon; m l chiu di ca ng truyn nhit; m l chiu di hnh hc ca y; m -Th tch dung dch i vo trong thit b: 3176 , 0 534 , 550 .554 , 1147 . 36002 . 65 , 1191.2. . = = = = = E tttddssG GV Vm3 Trong : 2dds = - khi lng ring ca dung dch si bt trong thit b; kg/m3 -Tng th tch ca phn hnh nn ct v phn g ni vi bung t: V3 = V V1 V2 = 0,3176 0,1408 0,071 = 0,1058 m3 GVHD: ThS. Hong Minh Nam N MN HC QU TRNH V THIT B SVTH: Ng Trn Hong Dng (60800371)Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 201228 -Chn chiu cao ca phn g ni vi bung t l Hgc = 40 mm. Th tch ca phn g ni vi bung t: 0113 , 0 04 , 0 .46 , 0. .4.2 2= = = t tgcgchDVm3 Th tch ca phn hnh nn ct: 0945 , 0 0113 , 0 1058 , 03= = =gc cV V Vm3 Chiu cao ca phn hnh nn ct: ( ) ( )244 , 06 , 0 6 , 0 . 8 , 0 8 , 0 .0945 , 0 . 1212..2 2 2 23=+ +=+ +=ttd b bcD D D DVHm (78) Chn Hc = 245 mm. B dy thc S: -Chiu cao ca ct cht lng trong thit b: H = Hc + Hgc + Hb + H = 245 + 40 + 1500 + (40 + 544) = 2369 mm = 2,369 m Trong : Hc chiu cao ca cht lng trong phn hnh nn ct; m Hgc chiu cao ca cht lng trong phn g ni vi bung t; m Hb chiu cao ca cht lng trong bung t; m H chiu cao ca cht lng trong y nn; m -p sut thu tnh do ct cht lng gy ra trong thit b: ptt = dd.g.H = 1273,25.9,81.2,369.10-6 = 0,0296 N/mm2 (79) -y c p sut tuyt i bn trong l p0 = 0,6275 at nn chu p sut ngoi l 1,3725 at = 0,1346 N/mm2 (61). Ngoi ra, y cn chu p sut thu tnh do ct cht lng gy ra trong thit b. Nh vy, p sut tnh ton l: Pn = pm + ptt = 0,1346 + 0,0296 = 0,1642 N/mm2 (80) -Cc thng s lm vic: Dt = 600 mm p0 = 0,6275 at = 0,06154 N/mm2 tm = tsdd(po + 2p) = 104,61 oC -Cc thng s tnh ton: l chiu cao tnh ton ca y; m l = H = 544 mm D ng knh tnh ton ca y; m (cng thc 6-29, trang 133, [7]) 848 , 62530 cos20 . 1 , 0 600 . 9 , 0cos. 1 , 0 . 9 , 0' =+=+=ot td DDo mmTrong : dt = 20 mm ng knh trong b ca y nn (ng knh ca ng tho liu) Pn = 0,1642 N/mm2 tt =104,61 + 20 = 124,61 oC (y c bc lp cch nhit) GVHD: ThS. Hong Minh Nam N MN HC QU TRNH V THIT B SVTH: Ng Trn Hong Dng (60800371)Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 201229 -Cc thng s cn tra v chn: []* = 120 N/mm2 - ng sut cho php tiu chun ca vt liu tt (hnh 1-2, trang 16, [7]) = 0,95 h s hiu chnh (y c bc lp cch nhit) [] = .[]* = 0,95.120 = 114 N/mm2 - ng sut cho php ca vt liu Et = 2,05.105 N/mm2 module n hi ca vt liu tt (bng 2-12, trang 34, [7]) nc = 1,65 h s an ton khi chy (bng 1-6, trang 14, [7]) tco= nc.[]* = 1,65.120 = 198 N/mm2 gii hn chy ca vt liu tt (cng thc 1-3, trang 13, [7]) -Chn b dy tnh ton y S = 5 mm, bng vi b dy thc ca bung t. Kim tra b dy y: 869 , 0848 , 625544''= =Dl Kim tra cng thc 5-15, trang 99, [7]: ) .( 2'''') .( 2. 5 , 1aaC SDDlDC Ss s ) 1 5 .( 2848 , 625869 , 0848 , 625) 1 5 .( 2. 5 , 1s s844 , 8 869 , 0 17 , 0 s s (tho) (81) Kim tra cng thc 5-16, trang 99, [7]: 3') .( 2. . 3 , 0''((

>DC S EDlatctto 35848 , 625) 1 5 .( 2.19810 . 05 , 2. 3 , 0 869 , 0((

> 449 , 0 869 , 0 > (tho) (82) Kim tra n nh ca y khi chu tc dng ca p sut ngoi: So snh Pn vi p sut tnh ton cho php trong thit b [Pn] theo 5-19, trang 99, [7]: na a tnPDC SDC SlDE P >|.|

\| ='.'.''. . 649 , 0 ] [2 848 , 6251 5.848 , 6251 5.544848 , 625. 10 . 05 , 2 . 649 , 025|.|

\| N/mm2 0,1642 N/mm2 5 , 0 N/mm2 0,1642 N/mm2 (tho) (83) GVHD: ThS. Hong Minh Nam N MN HC QU TRNH V THIT B SVTH: Ng Trn Hong Dng (60800371)Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 201230 Kim tra n nh ca y khi chu tc dng ca lc nn chiu trc: -Lc tnh ton P nn y: ( ) 94 , 47982 1642 , 0 . 5 . 2 600 .4. .42 2= + = =t tn nP D PN (84) Trong : Dn ng knh ngoi; mm Pn p sut tc dng ln y thit b; N/mm2 -Lc nn chiu trc cho php: [P] = .Kc.Et.(S-Ca)2.cos2 Trong : Kc h s ph thuc vo t s ) .( 2atC SD, tnh theo cc cng thc trang 103, [7]. 250 75) 1 5 .( 2600) .( 225 s ==satC SD qc = 0,074 06254 , 0 074 , 0 .10 . 05 , 2198. 875 . . 8755= = =cttccqEKo [P] = .0,06254.2,05.105.(5-1)2.cos230o = 483321,5 N > 47982,94 N (tho)(85) iu kin n nh ca y: | | | |1 s +nnPPPP 1 428 , 05 , 01642 , 05 , 48332194 , 47982s = + (tho) (86) Vy b dy ca y nn l 5 mm. Tnh bn cho cc l: Vychcltholiunnngknhlnnhtcalchophpkhngcntng cng c tnh theo cng thc (8-3), trang 162, [7]:((

|.|

\|=a aaC C S DSC Sd ) ( ' 8 , 0'2max 37 , 51 1 ) 1 5 .( 848 , 625 8 , 031 52max=((

|.|

\|= d mm (87) Trong : S b dy y thit b; mm S b dy tnh ton ti thiu ca y; mm (chn theo cch tnh ca bung t) Ca h s b sung do n mn; mm D ng knh tnh ton ca y; mm GVHD: ThS. Hong Minh Nam N MN HC QU TRNH V THIT B SVTH: Ng Trn Hong Dng (60800371)Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 201231 So snh: ng tho liu Dt = 20 mm < dmax Khng cn tng cng cho l. 4.Tnh cho np thit b 4.1.S lc v cu to -Chn np ellipse tiu chun Dt = 800 mm. 20048004= = =ttDhmm v Rt = Dt = 800 mm -Np c g v chiu cao g l hg = 25 mm. -Np c 1 l thot hi th. -Vt liu ch to l thp khng g OX18H10T. 4.2.Tnh ton B dy thc S: -Np c p sut tuyt i bn trong ging nh bung bc l po = 0,6275 at nn chu p sut ngoi l Pn = 1,3725 at = 0,1346 N/mm2 (51). -Nhit tnh ton ca np ging nh bung bc l tt = 86,5 + 20 = 106,5 oC (np c bc lp cch nhit). -Chn b dy tnh ton np S = 7 mm, bng vi b dy thc ca bung bc. Kim tra b dy np: -Xt cc t s: 25 , 0 =ttDh 2857 , 1147800= =SRt 2244 , 2183 , 201 . 7 , 010 . 05 , 2 . 15 , 0.. 15 , 05= =tctxEo tcttxESRo .. 15 , 0sv3 , 0 2 , 0 s sttDh (88) | || |ta nnRC SP.) .( . 2|o =(cng thc 6-12, trang 127, [7]) Trong : Et = 2,05.105 N/mm2 module n hi ca vt liu tt (bng 2-12, trang 34, [7]) tco =nc.[]*=1,65.122=201,3N/mm2giihnchycavtliutt(cng thc 1-3, trang 13, [7]) Vi: []* = 122 N/mm2 - ng sut cho php tiu chun ca vt liu tt (hnh 1-2, trang 16, [7]) nc = 1,65 h s an ton khi chy (bng 1-6, trang 14, [7]) x = 0,7 vi thp khng g GVHD: ThS. Hong Minh Nam N MN HC QU TRNH V THIT B SVTH: Ng Trn Hong Dng (60800371)Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 201232 tc t attc t atx R x C S ER x C S Eoo|). 1 .( . . 7 , 6 ) (. . . 5 ) ( + =7875 , 13 , 201 ). 7 , 0 1 .( 800 . 7 , 0 . 7 , 6 ) 1 7 .( 10 . 05 , 23 , 201 . 800 . 7 , 0 . 5 ) 1 7 .( 10 . 05 , 255= + = (89) [n] = 87,188 N/mm2 - ng sut nn cho php ca vt liu lm np (74) | | 7316 , 0800 . 7875 , 1) 1 7 .( 188 , 87 . 2==nPN/mm2 > 0,1346 N/mm2 (tho) (90) Vy b dy ca np ellipse l 7 mm. Tnh bn cho cc l: Vnpchcltholiunnngknhlnnhtcalchophpkhngcntng cng c tnh theo cng thc (8-3), trang 162, [7]:((

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\|=a a taC C S DSC Sd ) ( 8 , 0'2max 59 , 68 1 ) 1 7 .( 800 8 , 0582 , 41 72max=((

|.|

\|= dmm (91) Trong : S b dy y thit b; mm S b dy tnh ton ti thiu ca y; mm (chn theo cch tnh ca bung bc) Ca h s b sung do n mn; mm Dt ng knh trong ca np; mm So snh: ng dn hi th Dt = 150 mm > dmax Cn tng cng cho l ca ng dn hi th, dng bc tng cng vi b dy khu tng cng bng b dy np (7 mm). 5.Tnh mt bch 5.1.S lc v cu to -Bu lng v bch c lm t bng thp CT3. -Mtbchycdngninpcathitbvibungbc,bungbcvi bung t v bung t vi y ca thit b. Chn bch lin bng thp, kiu 1 (bng XIII.27, trang 417, [2]). GVHD: ThS. Hong Minh Nam N MN HC QU TRNH V THIT B SVTH: Ng Trn Hong Dng (60800371)Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 201233 -Cc thng s c bn ca mt bch: Dt ng knh gi; mmD ng knh ngoi ca mt bch; mm Db ng knh vng bu lng; mm D1 ng knh n vnh ngoi m; mm D0 ng knh n vnh trong m; mm db ng knh bu lng; mm Z s lng bu lng; ci h chiu dy mt bch; mm 5.2.Chn mt bch Mt bch ni bung bc v bung t: -Bung t v bung bc c ni vi nhau theo ng knh bung t Dt = 600 mm. -p sut tnh ton ca bung t l 0,313 N/mm2. p sut tnh ton ca bung bc l 0,1346 N/mm2. Chn d phng p sut trong thn l Py = 0,6 N/mm2 bch kn thn. -Cc thng s ca bch c tra t bng XIII.27, trang 419, [2]: BUNG BC BUNG T PyDt Kch thc niKiu bch DDbD1D0 Bu lng1 dbZhm N/mm2mmmmmmcimmmm 0,6600740690650611M2020205 Mt bch ni bung t v y: -Bung t v y c ni vi nhau theo ng knh bung t Dt = 600 mm. -p sut tnh ton ca bung t l 0,313 N/mm2. p sut tnh ton ca y l 0,15795 N/mm2. Chn d phng p sut trong thn l Py = 0,6 N/mm2 bch kn thn. -Cc thng s ca bch c tra t bng XIII.27, trang 419, [2]: BUNG T - Y PyDt Kch thc niKiu bch DDbD1D0 Bu lng1 dbZhm N/mm2mmmmmmcimmmm 0,6600740690650611M2020205 GVHD: ThS. Hong Minh Nam N MN HC QU TRNH V THIT B SVTH: Ng Trn Hong Dng (60800371)Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 201234 Mt bch ni np v bung bc: -Bung bc v np c ni vi nhau theo ng knh bung bc Dt = 800 mm. -p sut tnh ton ca bung bc v np cng l 0,1346 N/mm2. Chn d phng p sut trong thn l Py = 0,3 N/mm2 bch kn thn. -Cc thng s ca bch c tra t bng XIII.27, trang 420, [2]: NP BUNG BC PyDt Kch thc niKiu bch DDbD1D0 Bu lng1 dbZhm N/mm2mmmmmmcimmmm 0,3800930880850811M2024225 6.Tnh v ng 6.1.S lc v cu to -Chn v ng loi phng trn, lp cng vi thn thit b. V ng phi gi cht cc ng truyn nhit v bn di tc dng ca ng sut. -Dng ca v ng c gi nguyn trc v sau khi nong. -Vt liu ch to l thp khng g OX18H10T. -Nhit tnh ton ca v ng l tt = tD = 142,9 oC (92) -ngsutunchophptiuchuncavtliuttl| |*uo =118N/mm2(hnh1-2, trang 16, [7]). Chn h s hiu chnh = 1. ng sut un cho php ca vt liu tt l: | | | | 118 118 . 1 .*= = =u uo q oN/mm2 (93) 6.2.Tnh ton Tnh cho v ng trn bung t: -Chiu dy tnh ton ti thiu pha ngoi ca v ng '1hc xc nh theo cng thc (8-47), trang 181, [7]: 99 , 81182942 , 0. 3 , 0 . 600] [. .0 '1= = =utpK D ho mm (94) Trong : K = 0,3 h s c chn (trang 181, [7]) Dt ng knh trong ca bung t; mm po p sut tnh ton trong ng; N/mm2

[]u ng sut un cho php ca vt liu tt; N/mm2 Chn '1h= 10 mm -Chiu dy tnh ton ti thiu pha gia ca v ng h c xc nh theo cng thc (8-48), trang 181, [7]: 00 '. ] [. . outpK D h = GVHD: ThS. Hong Minh Nam N MN HC QU TRNH V THIT B SVTH: Ng Trn Hong Dng (60800371)Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 201235 Trong : K = 0,45 h s c chn (trang 181, [7]) 0 h s lm yu v ng do khoan l 10 2 nn ta chn d = dt = 25 mm. S ng truyn nhit l: 39 , 351 . 025 , 0 .77921 , 2. .= = =t t l dFnt(145) Theo bng V.11, trang 48, [2], chn s ng n = 37 v b tr ng theo hnh lc gic u. GVHD: ThS. Hong Minh Nam N MN HC QU TRNH V THIT B SVTH: Ng Trn Hong Dng (60800371)Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 201247 ng knh trong ca thit b trao i nhit c tnh theo cng thc V.140, trang 49, [2]: D = t.(b-1) + 4.dn Trong : -dn = dt + 2S = 0,025 + 2.0,003 = 0,031 m ng knh ngoi ca ng truyn nhit-t = .dn = 1,4.0.031 = 0,0434 m bc ng -( ) ( ) 7 1 1 37 .341 1 .34= + = + = n b- s ng trn ng xuyn tm ca lc gic D = 0,0434.(7-1) + 4.0,031 = 0,3844 m (146) Th tch bnh gia nhit 116 , 0 1 .43844 , 0. .4.2 2= = = t t lDV m3(147) Dung dch chy chm trong ng nn thi gian truyn nhit ln, chn s pass pha v m = 1. Thng sK hiun vGi tr DUNG DCH NaOH Sut lngGkg/h1191,65 Nng x% wt18 Nhit u vo '1toC30 Nhit u ra ' '1toC101,9632 Nhit dung ring u vocJ/(kg.K)3671 Nhit dung ring u raccJ/(kg.K)3752 HI T p sutpDat4 Nhit tD oC142,9 n nhit ngng trDkJ/kg2141 Chiu cao thit b gia nhitHm1 ng knh trong ng truyn nhitdtm0,025 ng knh ngoi ng truyn nhitdnm0,031 Nhit lng do hi t cung cpQDW90180,05 Lng hi t biu kinDkg/s0,0467 GVHD: ThS. Hong Minh Nam N MN HC QU TRNH V THIT B SVTH: Ng Trn Hong Dng (60800371)Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 201248 II. THIT B NGNG T 1.Chn thit b ngng t -Lng kh b sung sinh ra trong thit b c c bao gm: -Hi nc (ch yu) -Dung mi d bay hi -Kh khng ngng -Kh b sung cn c gii phng to chn khng. Thit b ngng t c kt hp vi bm chn khng h thng chn khng hot ng hiu qu nht. -Thit b ngng t lm ngng t hu ht hi nc, gii phng mt lng hi nc ln cho bm chn khng, do gim tiu hao nng lng c hc v trnh hng hc cho bm (ch ht kh khng ngng). -Chnthitbngngttrctiploikh,ngcchiu,chncao(baromet).Trong, nc lm lnh v nc ngng t chy xung cn kh khng ngng c bm chn khng ht ra t phn trn ca thit b qua b phn tch lng. -Chiucaocangbarometcchnsaochotngcapsuttrongthitbvctp thu tnh bng vi p sut kh quyn. 2.Tnh thit b ngng t -Theo bng VII.1, trang 97, [2]: nhit khng kh trung bnh TPHCMl t = 27,2 oC, m tng i l = 77 %. Theo gin h x ca khng kh m, h = 72,5 kJ/kg khng kh m. -Nhit bu t c chn l t = 23 oC. Nhit u ca nc lnh c chn l t2d = 23 + 3 = 26 oC. -Vi pc = 0,6 at v tc = 85,5 oC: Nhit cui ca nc lnh c chn l t2c = tc 10 = 85,5 10 = 75,5 oC. -ivithitbngngttrctip,lngkhngkhcnhtctnhtheocngthc VI.47, trang 84, [2]: Gkk = 0,000025.W + 0,000025.Gn + 0,01.W; kg/s Trong : -Gn lng nc c ti vo thit b ngng t; kg/s, c tnh theo cng thc VI.51, trang 84, [2]: ( )( )d c nc nnt t ct c i WG2 22.. .=Vi: W = 476,66 kg/h lng hi th i vo thit b ngng t i = 2650 kJ/kg nhit lng ring ca hi nc (bng I.251, trang 314, [1]) cn = 4180 J/(kg.K) nhit dung ring trung bnh ca nc ( )( )493832 , 126 5 , 75 . 41805 , 75 . 4180 2650000 .360066 , 476== nGkg/s (148) 001365 , 0360066 , 476. 01 , 0 493832 , 1 . 000025 , 0360066 , 476. 000025 , 0 = + + = kkGkg/s (149) GVHD: ThS. Hong Minh Nam N MN HC QU TRNH V THIT B SVTH: Ng Trn Hong Dng (60800371)Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 201249 -i vi thit b ngng t trc tip loi kh, nhit khng kh c tnh theo cng thc VI.50, trang 84, [2]: tkk = t2d + 4 + 0,1.(t2c t2d) = 26 + 4 + 0,1.(75,5 26) = 34,95 oC (150) ph = 0,056 at (tra gin h x ca khng kh m) -Th tch khng kh cn ht c tnh theo cng thc VI.49, trang 84, [2]: ( ) ( )( )002267 , 010 . 81 , 9 . 056 , 0 6 , 095 , 34 273 . 001365 , 0 . 288 273 . . 2884=+=+=hkk kkkkp pt GVm3/s (151) Kch thc ch yu ca thit b ngng t: -Thngthng,nngsuttnhtoncchnlnhn1,5lnsovinngsutthct. Khi , ng knh trong ca thit b c tnh theo cng thc VI.52, trang 84, [2]: h htrWDe .. 383 , 1 = ; m Trong : -h=0,359kg/m3khilngringcahith0,6at(trabngI.251,trang 314, [2]) -h = 20 m/s tc ca hi th trong thit b ngng t (chn) 187808 , 020 . 359 , 0360066 , 476. 383 , 1 = = trDm (152) Chn Dtr = 0,2 m = 200 mm. -Kch thc c bn ca thit b ngng t baromet c chn theo bng VI.8, trang 88, [2]: Kch thcK hiuGi tr; mm ng knh trong ca thit bDtr200 Chiu dy ca thnh thit bS1 Khong cch t ngn trn cng n np thit ba01300 Khong cch t ngn di cng n y thit ban1200 B rng ca tm ngnb- Khong cch gia tm ca thit b ngng t v thit b thu hiK1675 K2- Chiu rng ca h thng thit bT1300 ng knh ca thit b thu hiD1150 Chiu cao ca thit b thu hih1(h)1440 ng knh ca thit b thu hiD2- ng knh cc ca ra v vo: Hi vod1300 Nc vod2100 Hn hp kh v hi rad380 Ni vi ng barometd4125 Hn hp kh v hi vo thit b thu hid580 Hn hp kh v hi ra khi thit b thu hid650 Ni t thit b thu hi n ng barometd750 ng thng khd8- GVHD: ThS. Hong Minh Nam N MN HC QU TRNH V THIT B SVTH: Ng Trn Hong Dng (60800371)Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 201250 -Kch thc tm ngn: Tmngncdnghnhvinphnbomlmvictt.Chiurngcatmngn c xc nh theo cng thc VI.53, trang 85, [2]: 150 502200502= + = + =trDbmm (153) C nhiu l nh c c trn tm ngn, nc lm ngui l nc sch nn ng knh l c chn l d = 2 mm. -Lu lng th tch ca nc lnh dng ngng t hi th: Nhit trung bnh ca nc: 75 , 5025 , 75 2622 2=+=+=c dtbt ttoC (154) n = 987,725 kg/m3 (bng I.249, trang 310, [1]) 001512 , 0725 , 987493832 , 1= = = nnnGV m3/s (155) -Chn chiu cao g tm ngn l h = 40 mm, chiu dy tm ngn l = 4 mm, tc ca tia nc l c = 0,62 m/s. -Tng din tch b mt ca cc l trong ton b mt ct ngang ca thit b ngng t, ngha l trn mt cp tm ngn l: 002439 , 062 , 0493832 , 1= = =cnGfe m2(156) -Chn t s gia tng s din tch tit din cc l vi din tch tit din ca thit b ngng t l1 , 0 =tbeff. Cc l c xp theo hnh lcgic u. Bc ca cc l c xc nh bng cng thc VI.55, trang 85, [2]: 000548 , 0 1 , 0 . 2 . 866 , 0 . . 866 , 05 , 05 , 0= =||.|

\|=tbeffd tm 0,00055 m = 0,55 mm (157) -Mc un nng nc: 832 , 0 831933 , 026 5 , 8526 5 , 7522 2~ ===d bhd ct tt tP(158) Tra bng VI.7, trang 86, [2] vi d = 2 mm v P = 0,774: -S ngn n = 8 -S bc n = 4 -Khong cch gia cc ngn h = 400 mm -Thi gian ri qua mt bc = 0,41 s Trong thc t, khi hi i trong thit b ngng t t di ln th th tch ca n gim dn. Do , khong cch hp l nht gia cc ngn cng nn gim dn theo hng t di ln khong 50 mm cho mi ngn. Chn khong cch gia cc ngn l 400 mm. Khong cch t ngn trn cng n np thit b l 1300 mm. Khong cch t ngn di cng n y thit b l 1200 mm. Chiu cao phn g ca np l 50 mm. GVHD: ThS. Hong Minh Nam N MN HC QU TRNH V THIT B SVTH: Ng Trn Hong Dng (60800371)Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 201251 Chiu cao phn np ellipse l 125 mm. Chiu cao phn y nn l 175 mm. Chiu cao ca thit b ngng t: H = 125 + 50 + 1300 + 400.7 + 1200 + 175 = 5650 mm(159) Kch thc ng baromet: -Chn ng knh trong ca ng baromet l d = 100 mm = 0,1 m. -Tc ca nc lnh v nc ngng t chy trong ng baromet c tnh theo cng thc VI.57, trang 86, [2]: ( ) ( )207 , 01 , 0 .360066 , 741493832 , 1 . 004 , 0.. 004 , 0.. 004 , 02 2=|.|

\|+=+= +=t tee t dW G W Gdn n m/s (160) -Chiu cao ng baromet c tnh theo cng thc II-15, trang 102, [4]: H = h1 + h2 + h3 + h4; m -Chiu cao ct nc trong ng baromet cn bng vi hiu s gia p sut kh quyn v p sut trong thit b ngng t h1 c tnh theo cng thc VI.59, trang 86, [2]: 760. 33 , 101bh = ; m Trong : b chn khng trong thit b ngng t; mmHg b = 760 0,6.735 = 319 mmHg 335882 , 4760319. 33 , 101= = hm (161) -Chiucaoctnctrongngbarometcnkhcphctonbtrlckhinc chy trong ng h2 c tnh theo cng thc VI.60, trang 87, [2]: |.|

\|E + + = edHgh . 1 .222; m Chn h s tr lc khi vo ng 1 = 0,5 v khi ra khi ng 2 = 1 = 1,5. |.|

\|+ = dHgh . 5 , 2 .222e; m Nc lnh v nc ngng t c: ttb = 50,75 oC n = 987,725 kg/m3 n = 0,000543 Ns/m2 01 , 91001000543 , 0725 , 987 . 1 , 0 . 5 , 0 . .Re = = = nnd e 4000 (ch chy ri) (162) Chn ng thp CT3 l ng hn trong iu kin n mn t (bng II.15, trang 381, [1]) nhm tuyt i l = 0,2 mm. GVHD: ThS. Hong Minh Nam N MN HC QU TRNH V THIT B SVTH: Ng Trn Hong Dng (60800371)Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 201252 Regh c tnh theo cng thc II.60, trang 378, [1]: 343 , 72890002 , 01 , 0. 6 . 6 Re7878= |.|

\|=|.|

\|=cdgh (163) Ren c tnh theo cng thc II.62, trang 379, [1]: 5 , 2392010002 , 01 , 0. 220 . 220 Re8989= |.|

\|=|.|

\|=cdn(164) Regh < Re < Ren (khu vc qu ) H s ma st c tnh theo cng thc II.64, trang 380, [1]: 0252 , 001 , 910011001 , 00002 , 0. 46 , 1 . 1 , 0Re100. 46 , 1 . 1 , 025 , 0 25 , 0= |.|

\|+ =|.|

\|+ =dc (165) '' 22. 00055 , 0 00546 , 01 , 0. 0252 , 0 5 , 2 .81 , 9 . 2207 , 0HHh + =||.|

\|+ = ; m (166) -Chn chiu cao d tr h3 = 0,5 m ngn nga nc dng ln trong ng v chy trn vo ng ng dn hi khi p sut kh quyn tng. -Chn chiu cao ca on ng baromet ngp trong b nc l h4 = 0,5 m. H = 4,335882 + 0,00546 + 0,00055.H + 0,5 + 0,5 H = 5,344285 m (167) Chn chiu cao ng baromet l H = 6 m. GVHD: ThS. Hong Minh Nam N MN HC QU TRNH V THIT B SVTH: Ng Trn Hong Dng (60800371)Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 201253 Thng sK hiun vGi tr HI VO Sut lngWkg/h476,66 Nhit tc oC85,5 p sutpcat0,6 EnthalpyikJ/kg2650 NC LM NGUI Nhit u vot2d oC26 Nhit u rat2c oC75,5 Nhit dung ringcnJ/(kg.K)4180 Lu lng khi lng nc lnh cn thit ngng tGnkg/s1,493832 Lu lng th tch nc lnh cn thit ngng tVnm3/s0,001512 p sut hi nc bo hophat0,056 KH KHNG NGNG Lu lng khi lng khng kh c ht ra khi thit bGkkkg/s0,001365 Lu lng th tch khng kh c ht ra khi thit bVkkm3/s0,002267 Nhit tkk oC34,95 NG KNH TRONG THIT B NGNG T Khi lng ring ca hi thhkg/m30,359 Tc ca hi thhm/s20 ng knh trongDtrmm200 KCH THC TM NGN Chiu rng tm ngnbmm150 ng knh l trn tm ngndmm2 B dy tm ngnmm4 Bc ltmm0,55 CHIU CAO THIT B NGNG T Mc un nng ncP0,832 S ngnzci8 Khong cch t ngn trn cng n np thit ba0mm1300 Khong cch t ngn di cng n y thit banmm1200 Chiu caoHmm5650 KCH THC NG BAROMET Tc nc lnh v nc ngng chy trong ngm/s0,207 ng knh trong ca ngdmm100 chn khngbmmHg319 Chiu cao ct nc cn bng vi (pkq pc)h1m4,335882 H s tr lc vo10,5 H s tr lc ra21 Khi lng ring ca nc lnh v nc ngngnkg/m3987,725 nht ng lcnNs/m20,000543 Chun s ReynoldsRe91001,01 H s ma st0,0252 Chiu caoHm6 Chiu cao ca c thit b l H = H + H = 5,65 + 6 = 11,65 m. GVHD: ThS. Hong Minh Nam N MN HC QU TRNH V THIT B SVTH: Ng Trn Hong Dng (60800371)Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 201254 III. BN CAO V -Bn cao v c dng n nh lu lng ca dung dch nhp liu. Bn c t cao ph hp nhm thng c cc tr lc ca ng ng v cao hn so vi mt thong ca dung dch trong ni c c. -p dng phng trnh Bernoulli vi 2 mt ct l 1 1 (mt thong ca bn cao v) v 2 2 (mt thong ca ni c c): 2 122 2 2221 1 112.2.+ + + = + + hgv pzgv pzoo Trong : -v1 = v2 = 0 m/s -p1 = 1 at -p2 = p0 = 0,6275 at - = 1171,97 kg/m3 khi lng ring ca dung dch NaOH 18 % ttb = 65,9816 oC (bng 4, trang 11, [8]) - = 0,001387 Ns/m2 nht ng lc ca dung dch NaOH 18 % ttb (bng I.107, trang 100, [1]) -z2 - khong cch t mt thong ca dung dch trong ni c c n mt t; m z2 = z + H + Hb + Hgc + Hc = 1 + 0,584 + 1,5 + 0,04 + 0,245 = 3,369 m(168) Vi: z = 1 m khong cch t phn ni gia ng tho liu v y nn n mt t H = 0,544 + 0,04 = 0,584 m chiu cao ca y nn Hb = 1,5 m chiu cao ca bung t Hgc = 0,04 m chiu cao ca g nn ct Hc = 0,245 m chiu cao ca phn hnh nn ct ng knh ng nhp liu l d = 20 mm = 0,02 m. Chn chiu di ng ng t bn cao v n bung bc l l = 20 m. Tc ca dung dch trong ng: 899 , 097 , 1171 . 02 , 0 .360065 , 1191. 4.4.2 2= = =t tdGv m/s (169) Chun s Reynolds: 94 , 15189001387 , 097 , 1171 . 02 , 0 . 899 , 0 . .Re = = = d v 4000 (ch chy ri) (170) Chn ng thp CT3 l ng hn trong iukin n mn t (bngII.15, trang 381, [1]) nhm tuyt i l = 0,2 mm. Regh c tnh theo cng thc II.60, trang 378, [1]: 419 , 11580002 , 002 , 0. 6 . 6 Re7878= |.|

\|=|.|

\|=cdgh (171) GVHD: ThS. Hong Minh Nam N MN HC QU TRNH V THIT B SVTH: Ng Trn Hong Dng (60800371)Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 201255 Ren c tnh theo cng thc II.62, trang 379, [1]: 15 , 391220002 , 002 , 0. 220 . 220 Re8989= |.|

\|=|.|


\|+ =|.|

\|+ =dc (173) Cc h s tr lc cc b: Yu t gy tr lcK hiuH s tr lc cc bS lng u vovo0,51 u rara11 Khuu 90okhuu 9016 Van cavan1,52 = 0,5 + 1 + 6.1 + 2.1,5 = 10,5 Tng tn tht trn ng ng: 004 , 2 5 , 1002 , 020. 03815 , 0 .81 , 9 . 2899 , 0. .22 22 1= |.|

\|+ = |.|

\|E + = dlgvhm (174) Khong cch t mt thong ca bn cao v n mt t: ( )195 , 2 004 , 281 , 9 . 97 , 117110 . 81 , 9 . 1 6275 , 0369 , 342 11 22 1= ++ = ++ =hp pz z m (175) Dung dch NaOH 18 % lun t chy t bn cao v vo bung bc ca ni c c khi bn c cao t 2,195 m tr ln. -Chn khong cch t mt thong ca bn cao v n mt t l 3,5 m. GVHD: ThS. Hong Minh Nam N MN HC QU TRNH V THIT B SVTH: Ng Trn Hong Dng (60800371)Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 201256 IV. BM 1.Bm chn khng Cng sut ca bm chn khng: ((((

||.|

\|=1 . .1.1121mmckkkpppmm VNq; W Trong : -m ch s a bin, c gi tr t 1,2 n 1,62. Chn m = 1,62. -p1 p sut ca khng kh trong thit b ngng t. p1 = pc ph = 0,6 0,056 = 0,544 at Vi: ph p sut ca hi nc trong hn hp -p2 = pa = 1 at = 9,81.104 N/m2 p sut kh quyn -Vkk lu lng th tch khng kh cn ht -ck = 0,8 h s hiu chnh 6173 , 103 1544 , 01. 10 . 81 , 9 . 544 , 0 .1 62 , 162 , 1.8 , 0002267 , 062 , 11 62 , 14=((((

|.|

\|= NW (176) Tc ht 0 oC v 760 mmHg l S = 0,002267.60 = 0,13602 m3/pht. Theo bng 1.4, trang 9, [10], ta chn bm c k hiu l BH-025-2 vi cc thng s: Cc thng sBm BH-025-2 S cp2 Tc bm trong vng p sut 760 1 mmHg; L/s0,25 Lng du; L0,86 Cng sut ng c; kW0,18 Kch thc tng th di x rng x cao; mm330 x 243,5 x 229 Khi lng; kg16,5 2.Bm a nc vo thit b ngng t -Cng sut ca bm: q. 1000. . . H g QN = ; kW Trong : -H ct p ca bm; m - hiu sut ca bm. Chn = 0,75. - = 996,66 kg/m3 khi lng ring ca nc 26 oC -Q lu lng th tch ca nc lnh c ti vo thit b ngng t; m3/s 0015 , 066 , 996493832 , 1= = =nGQm3/s (177) GVHD: ThS. Hong Minh Nam N MN HC QU TRNH V THIT B SVTH: Ng Trn Hong Dng (60800371)Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 201257 -p dng phng trnh Bernoulli vi 2 mt ct l 1 - 1 (mt thong ca b nc) v 2 2 (mt thong ca thit b ngng t): 2 122 2 2221 1 112.2.+ + + = + + + hgv pz Hgv pzoo Trong : -v1 = v2 = 0 m/s -p1 = 1 at -p2 = 0,6 at - = 0,000874 Ns/m2 nht ng lc ca nc 26 oC (bng I.249, trang 310, [1]) -z1 = 2 m khong cch t mt thong ca b nc n mt t -z2 = 12 m khong cch t mt thong ca thit b ngng t n mt t Chn dht = dy = 100 mm = 0,1 m v1 = v2 = v Chn chiu di ng ng t b nc n thit b ngng t l l = 13 m. Tc ca dng chy trong ng: 190838 , 041 , 0.0015 , 04.2 2= = =t tdQvm/s(178) Chun s Reynolds: 07 , 21767000874 , 066 , 996 . 1 , 0 . 190838 , 0 . .Re = = = d v 4000 (ch chy ri) (179) Chn ng thp CT3 l ng hn trong iukin n mn t (bngII.15, trang 381, [1]) nhm tuyt i l = 0,2 mm. Regh c tnh theo cng thc II.60, trang 378, [1]: 343 , 72890002 , 01 , 0. 6 . 6 Re7878= |.|

\|=|.|


\|=|.|


\|+ =|.|

\|+ =dc (182) GVHD: ThS. Hong Minh Nam N MN HC QU TRNH V THIT B SVTH: Ng Trn Hong Dng (60800371)Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 201258 Cc h s tr lc cc b: Yu t gy tr lcK hiuH s tr lc cc bS lng u vovo0,51 u rara11 Khuu 90okhuu 9012 Van cavan1,52 = 0,5 + 1 + 2.1 + 2.1,5 = 6,5 Tng tn tht trn ng ng: 0192 , 0 5 , 61 , 013. 0294 , 0 .81 , 9 . 2190838 , 0. .22 22 1= |.|

\|+ = |.|

\|E + = dlgvhm (183) Ct p ca bm: ( ) ( )( )006 , 6 0192 , 081 , 9 . 66 , 99610 . 81 , 9 . 1 6 , 02 1242 11 21 2= ++ = ++ =hp pz z H m (184) 117 , 075 , 0 . 1000006 , 6 . 81 , 9 . 66 , 996 . 0015 , 0= = NkW (185) Chn N = 0,25 hp. -Chn bm ly tm 1 cpnm ngang bm cht lng trung tnh, sch hoc hi bn.K hiu bm l K.

3.Bm a dung dch nhp liu ln bn cao v -Cng sut ca bm: q. 1000. . . H g QN = ; kW Trong : -H ct p ca bm; m - hiu sut ca bm. Chn = 0,75. -=1191,65kg/m3khilngringcadungdchNaOH18%30 oC(bng4, trang 11, [8]) -Q lu lng th tch ca dung dch NaOH 18% c bm vo bn cao v; m3/s 000278 , 065 , 1191360065 , 1191= = =nGQm3/s (186) -p dng phng trnh Bernoulli vi 2mtct l1- 1 (mt thongca b cha nguyn liu) v 2 2 (mt thong ca bn cao v): 2 122 2 2221 1 112.2.+ + + = + + + hgv pz Hgv pzoo GVHD: ThS. Hong Minh Nam N MN HC QU TRNH V THIT B SVTH: Ng Trn Hong Dng (60800371)Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 201259 Trong : -v1 = v2 = 0 m/s -p1 = 1 at -p2 = 1 at -=0,00293Ns/m2nhtnglccadungdchNaOH18%30 oC(bng I.101, trang 91, [1]) -z1 = 2 m khong cch t mt thong ca b cha nguyn liu n mt t -z2 = 3,5 m khong cch t mt thong ca bn cao v n mt t Chn dht = dy = 20 mm = 0,02 m vht = vy = v Chn chiu di ng ng t b cha nguyn liu n bn cao v l l = 7 m. Tc ca dng chy trong ng: 884194 , 0402 , 0.000278 , 04.2 2= = =t tdQvm/s (187) Chun s Reynolds: 15 , 719200293 , 065 , 1191 . 02 , 0 . 884194 , 0 . .Re = = = d v 4000 (ch chy ri) (188) Chn ng thp CT3 l ng hn trong iukin n mn t (bngII.15, trang 381, [1]) nhm tuyt i l = 0,2 mm. Regh c tnh theo cng thc II.60, trang 378, [1]: 419 , 11580002 , 002 , 0. 6 . 6 Re7878= |.|

\|=|.|


\|=|.|


\|+ =|.|

\|+ =dc (191) Cc h s tr lc cc b: Yu t gy tr lcK hiuH s tr lc cc bS lng u vovo0,51 u rara11 Khuu 90okhuu 9013 Van cavan1,52 = 0,5 + 1 + 3.1 + 2.1,5 = 7,5 GVHD: ThS. Hong Minh Nam N MN HC QU TRNH V THIT B SVTH: Ng Trn Hong Dng (60800371)Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 201260 Tng tn tht trn ng ng: 872 , 0 5 , 702 , 07. 041 , 0 .81 , 9 . 2884194 , 0. .22 22 1= |.|

\|+ = |.|

\|E + = dlgvhm (192) Ct p ca bm: ( ) ( ) 372 , 2 872 , 0 2 5 , 32 1 1 2= + = + =h z z Hm (193) 01027 , 075 , 0 . 1000372 , 2 . 81 , 9 . 65 , 1191 . 000278 , 0= = NkW (194) Chn N = 0,125 hp. -Chn bm ly tm 1 cpnm ngang bm cht lng trung tnh, sch hoc hi bn.K hiu bm l K. 4.Bm tho liu -Cng sut ca bm: q. 1000. . . H g QN = ; kW Trong : -H ct p ca bm; m - hiu sut ca bm. Chn = 0,75. -=1272,167kg/m3khilngringcadungdchNaOH30%104,0966oC (bng 4, trang 11, [8]) -Q lu lng th tch ca dung dch NaOH 30% c tho khi ni c c; m3/s 000156 , 0167 , 1272360099 , 714= = =nGQm3/s (195) -p dng phng trnh Bernoulli vi 2 mt ct l 1 - 1 (mt thong ca b nc) v 2 2 (mt thong ca thit b ngng t): 2 122 2 2221 1 112.2.+ + + = + + + hgv pz Hgv pzoo Trong : -v1 = vht = v; m/s-v2 = 0 m/s -7683 , 010 . 01 , 1584 , 0 . 81 , 9 . 167 , 12720336 , 0 . 2 6275 , 010 . 01 , 1. .25 50 1= + + = + A + =H gp p p at Vi: H chiu cao phn y nn; m -p2 = 1 at - = 0,00175 Ns/m2 nht ng lc ca dung dch NaOH 30 % 104,61 oC (bng I.101, trang 91, [1]) -z1 = 1 m khong cch t phn ni gia ng tho liu v y nn n mt t -z2 = 2 m khong cch t mt thong ca b cha sn phm n mt t GVHD: ThS. Hong Minh Nam N MN HC QU TRNH V THIT B SVTH: Ng Trn Hong Dng (60800371)Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 201261 Chn dht = dy = 20 mm = 0,02 m vht = vy = v Chn chiu di ng ng t y nn n bn cha sn phm l l = 5 m. Tc ca dng chy trong ng: 497 , 0402 , 0.000156 , 04.2 2= = =t tdQvm/s (196) Chun s Reynolds: 57 , 725900175 , 0167 , 1272 . 02 , 0 . 497 , 0 . .Re = = = d v 4000 (ch chy ri) (197) Chn ng thp CT3 l ng hn trong iukin n mn t (bngII.15, trang 381, [1]) nhm tuyt i l = 0,2 mm. Regh c tnh theo cng thc II.60, trang 378, [1]: 419 , 11580002 , 002 , 0. 6 . 6 Re7878= |.|

\|=|.|


\|=|.|


\|+ =|.|

\|+ =dc (200) Cc h s tr lc cc b: Yu t gy tr lcK hiuH s tr lc cc bS lng u vovo0,51 u rara11 Khuu 90okhuu 9014 Van cavan1,52 = 0,5 + 1 + 4.1 + 2.1,5 = 8,5 Tng tn tht trn ng ng: 2361 , 0 5 , 802 , 05. 041 , 0 .81 , 9 . 2497 , 0. .22 22 1= |.|

\|+ = |.|

\|E + = dlgvhm (201) GVHD: ThS. Hong Minh Nam N MN HC QU TRNH V THIT B SVTH: Ng Trn Hong Dng (60800371)Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 201262 Ct p ca bm: ( )gvhp pz z H2.21 12 11 21 2o ++ = ( )( )045 , 381 , 9 . 2497 , 02361 , 081 , 9 . 167 , 127210 . 81 , 9 . 7683 , 0 11 22 4= ++ =m (202) 008 , 075 , 0 . 1000045 , 3 . 81 , 9 . 167 , 1272 . 000156 , 0= = NkW(203) Chn N = 0,125 hp. -Chn bm ly tm 1 cp nm ngang. GVHD: ThS. Hong Minh Nam N MN HC QU TRNH V THIT B SVTH: Ng Trn Hong Dng (60800371)Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 201263 V. CC CHI TIT PH 1.Lp cch nhit -Vt liu ch to l amiante carton. -B dy lp cch nhit ca bung t c tnh theo cng thc VI.66, trang 92, [2]: ( )( )KK T nT T cct tt t=22 1..ooTrong : -tT1nhitcalpcchnhittipgipvibmtthitb; oC.Vnhittrca thnhthitbrtnhsovinhittrcalpcchnhitnncthchntT1=tD= 142,9 oC. -tT2 nhit ca b mt lp cch nhit v pha khng kh, vo khong t 40 oC n 50 oC. Chn tT2 = 45 oC. -tKK nhit ca khng kh; oC. Chn tKK = 27,2 oC (bng VII.1, trang 97, [2])-nhscpnhittbmtngoicalpcchnhitnkhngkh;W/(m2.K), c tnh theo cng thc VI.67, trang 92, [2]: -n = 9,3 + 0,058.tT2 = 9,3 + 0,058.(45 + 273) = 27,744 W/(m2.K) -c = 0,144 W/(m.K) h s dn nhit ca amiante carton 100oC.( )( )028547 , 02 , 27 45 . 744 , 2745 9 , 142 . 144 , 0== com (204) - thun tin trong ch to, chiu dy lp cch nhit cho bung bc v bung t c chn l 30 mm. 2.Ca sa cha -Vt liu ch to l thp CT3.-ng knh ca ca sa cha l D = 500 mm. -Ca c b tr sao cho mp di ca n cao hn mt thong ca dung dch trong bung bcchtlngkhngchyrangoi.Chnkhongcchtmpdicanmt thong ca dung dch l 0,45 m. Khong cch t mc cht lng n tm ca ca sa cha: 7 , 025 , 045 , 0 = + =chm (205) 3.Knh quan st -Vt liu ch to l thp CT3 v thu tinh. -ng knh ca knh quan st l D = 230 mm. -Knhcbtrsaochomcchtlngcthcnhnthy.Do,c2knhging nhau 2 bn bung bc, to thnh gc 180o. GVHD: ThS. Hong Minh Nam N MN HC QU TRNH V THIT B SVTH: Ng Trn Hong Dng (60800371)Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 201264 PHN V. TNH TON GI THNH Thnh phnVt liuS lngn v n gi (ng/ v) Thnh tin (ng) Thit b chnhOX18H10T744,941kg50 00037 247 060 Thit b chnhCT3212,919kg10 0002 129 190 Bm chn khng 0,139hp700 00097 270 Bm nc cho thit b ngng t 0,25hp700 000175 000 Bm nhp liu 0,125hp700 00087 500 Bm tho liu 0,125hp700 00087 500 Thit b gia nhit 1ci20 000 00020 000 000 Thit b ngng t 1ci20 000 00020 000 000 Thit b tch lng 1ci20 000 00020 000 000 Ca sa cha 1ci1 000 0001 000 000 Knh quan stThu tinh0,063m2250 00015 710 Vt liu cch nhit Amiante carton 0,312m33 000 000934 480 Van 36ci30 0001 080 000 Lu lng k 3ci1 000 0003 000 000 p k 6ci150 000900 000 Nhit k 2ci50 000100 000 Tai treoCT34,92kg10 00049 200 Cc ng dn Truyn nhit d25OX18H10T108m15 0001 620 000 Tun hon trung tm d273OX18H10T1,5m100 000150 000 Nhp liu d20OX18H10T27m15 000405 000 Tho liu d20OX18H10T5m15 00075 000 Hi t d150CT315m30 000450 000 Hi th d150CT315m30 000450 000 Nc ngng d20CT310m15 000150 000 Kh khng ngng d20CT310m15 000150 000 Bu lngCT3140ci1 000140 000 m 7ci250 000 1 750 000 Tng 112 242 910 Tin cng ch to vt liu bng 100% tin vt t (gia cng n gin, chnh xc khng cao). Nh vy, tng chi ph l 112 242 910 ng. GVHD: ThS. Hong Minh Nam N MN HC QU TRNH V THIT B SVTH: Ng Trn Hong Dng (60800371)Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 201265 KT LUN Cc phn tnh ton nu trn cho thy: -H thng c c chn khng 1 ni lin tc dung dch NaOH vi nng sut nhp liu 1 m3/h kh n gin. V nng sut ny khng cao nn kch thc ca ca cc thit b u mc va phi. -Chi ph u t khng cao, trong thit b chnh chim khong 33 % tng chi ph. -Kt cu thit b n gin v c th c iu khin t ng. V vy, nhn chung h thng ny ph hp vi quy m phng th nghim v quy m pilot. GVHD: ThS. Hong Minh Nam N MN HC QU TRNH V THIT B SVTH: Ng Trn Hong Dng (60800371)Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 201266 TI LIU THAM KHO [1] Nhiu tc gi, S tay Qu trnh v Thit b Cng ngh Ho cht, tp 1, NXB Khoa hc v K thut, 2006. [2] Nhiu tc gi, S tay Qu trnh v Thit b Cng ngh Ho cht, tp 2, NXB Khoa hc v K thut, 2006. [3] Phm Vn Bn, Qu trnh v Thit b Cng ngh Ho hc & Thc phm, tp 10, V d v bi tp, NXB HQG TPHCM, 2010. [4]NguynVnMay,Thitbtruynnhitvchuynkhi,NXBKhoahcvKthut, 2006. [5]PhmVnBn,NguynnhTh,QutrnhvthitbCngnghHohc&Thc phm, tp 5, Qu trnh v thit b truyn nhit, Quyn 1: Truyn nhit n nh, NXB HQG TPHCM, 2006. [6]PhanVnThm,StaythitkThitbhochtvchbinthcphmadng,B Gio dc v o to, Vin o to M rng. [7] H L Vin, Tnh ton, thit k cc chi tit thit b ho cht v du kh, NXB Khoa hc v K thut, 2006. [8] B mn My v Thit b,Bng tra cu Qu trnh c hc Truyn nhit Truyn khi, NXB HQG TPHCM, 2009. [9] Phm Xun Ton, Cc qu trnh, thit b trong Cng ngh Ho cht v Thc phm, tp 3: Cc qu trnh v thit b truyn nhit, NXB Khoa hc v K thut, 2008. [10]LNguynng,ngdngchnkhngtrongcngnghip,NXBKhoahcvK thut, 1987.

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