用于原子核基本性质测量的激光核谱技术 -...

杨晓菲[email protected]

北京大学物理学院核物理与核技术国家重点实验室

用于原子核基本性质测量的激光核谱技术

2

Contents

General physics motivation

Laser spectroscopy technique and recent highlights

Hyperfine structure andnuclear properties

Development of Laser spectroscopy

3

Nuclear structure of exotic isotopes

• How does the nuclear chart emerge from underlying interactions?

• How does nuclear structure evolve across the nuclear landscape?

• What shape can nuclei adopt?• What are the limits of existence of nuclei?• …....... 《NuPECC LRP 2017》

4

Nuclear structure of exotic isotopes Exotic phenomena near dripline Nuclear astrophysics Super heavy element

Radioactive ion beam Experimental investigation Theoretical development

Experiments: Reactions, αβγ decay, basic properties measurement……

Nuclear properties of (exotic) nuclei

5

test for state-of-the-art nuclear theories input for nuclear astrophysics models insight into the nuclear structure study of the nucleon-nucleon interaction

• Mass and Lifetime• Spin and Parity• Nuclear Magnetic dipole and

Electric quadrupole moments• Charge Radii and matter radii

核天体

Can be measured with one technique: laser spectroscopy

6

Halo nuclei，He, Li, Be

IOI, Na, Mg, Al

32,34Ca, N=32,34

68,78Ni, N=40 ,50

Deformation N=60

100, 132Sn

Shapes (Pb)

Heavier mass

Deformed 1/2+ intruder g.s in 31Mg

Deformed 1/2+ intruderisomer in 79Zn

New isomers in 101In--coming soon

ISOLDE, IGISOL,GSI, TRIUMF,ATLAS,GANIL,NSCL, RIKEN,…….

• Exotic phenomenon (halo，shell evolution，deformation…)*Radioactive molecules* Nature, (2020)

Achievements until now

7

Contents


Laser spectroscopy technique and recent highlights



8

From Atoms to Nuclei

Electronic energy level structure

3S

3P

2P1/2

2P3/2

2S1/2

THz eV~508 2.1 ~500 ~10-3

GHz eV MHz eV

~200 ~10-6

𝑙𝑙 𝐽𝐽 = 𝑙𝑙 + 𝑠𝑠 𝐹𝐹 = 𝐽𝐽 + 𝐼𝐼 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑙𝑙𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑛𝑛𝑠𝑠

Only in HFS precision level,nuclear information are involved

--Spectroscopy of electronic transitions of atoms/ions

3S1

3P2// ν

1/2

I = 3/2

3/2

5/2

1/23/25/2

7/2

-2.5A+1.25B

-A+B

1.5A+0.25B

Atomic hyperfine structure△E= A・K/2 + B・{3K(K+1)/4 –I(I+1)J(J+1)}/{2(2I-1)(2J-1)IJ}, K=F(F+1)-I(I+1)-J(J+1)

Fine structure𝐽𝐽 = 𝑙𝑙 + 𝑠𝑠 𝐹𝐹 = 𝐽𝐽 + 𝐼𝐼 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑙𝑙𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑛𝑛𝑠𝑠

Hyperfine structure

All quantities are deduced (nuclear) model-independently

I µ Qs 1/2

IJBA JIµ=

zzeQVB =

• Magnetic dipole HF parameter

• Electric quadrupole HF parameter

• Centroid ν0 => Isotopes shift

Atomic parameters

I, µ

Qs

δν𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨′ = 𝑀𝑀𝐴𝐴′−𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴′

+𝐹𝐹 δ𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨′

9

Chart1

0

1500010002302.2461855.9751129.6031149.2496699.4915679.79623980.31

2500010002302.2461855.9751129.6031149.2496699.4915679.79623980.31

3500010002302.2461855.9751129.6031149.2496699.4915679.79623980.31

4500010002302.2461855.9751129.6031149.2496699.4915679.79623980.31

5500010002302.2461855.9751129.6031149.2496699.4915679.79623980.31

6500010002302.2461855.9751129.6031149.2496699.4915679.79623980.31

7500010002302.2461855.9751129.6031149.2496699.4915679.79623980.31

8500010002302.2461855.9751129.6031149.2496699.4915679.79623980.31

9500010002302.2461855.9751129.6031149.2496699.4915679.79623980.31

10500010002302.2461855.9751129.6031149.2496699.4915679.79623980.31

Sheet1

plotcenter 3000point

55000397.2448755397.244875

55000-622.4494254377.550575

55000843.51555843.5155

55000-176.17884823.8212

55000-1875.66933124.3307

55000550.19315550.1931

55000-1149.29743850.7026

55000-168.94314831.0569

GsIJorderdetal Ecenter

1.520.51302.2456250.530004302.245625

1.521.5855.9750.530003855.975

1.522.5129.6031250.530003129.603125

1.523.5-850.751250.530002149.24875

0.5

EsIJorder0.5

1.510.51699.49050.580009699.4905

1.511.5679.79620.580008679.7962

1.512.5-1019.69430.580006980.3057

gs-esrela. energyenergy

0.5->0.5397.244875c+397.244875

0.5->1.5-622.449425c-622.449425

1.5->0.5843.5155c+843.5155

1.5->1.5-176.1788c-176.1788

1.5->2.5-1875.6693c-1875.6693

2.5->1.5550.193075c-550.1931

2.5->2.5-1149.297425c-1149.2974

3.5->2.5-168.94305c-168.9431

73ZnI =1.54p2 A=-285.325 B=+69.655s1 A=-679.7962 B=0?

Sheet1

Sheet2

plot

1500010002302.2461855.9751129.6031149.2496699.4915679.79623980.31

2500010002302.2461855.9751129.6031149.2496699.4915679.79623980.31

3500010002302.2461855.9751129.6031149.2496699.4915679.79623980.31

4500010002302.2461855.9751129.6031149.2496699.4915679.79623980.31

5500010002302.2461855.9751129.6031149.2496699.4915679.79623980.31

6500010002302.2461855.9751129.6031149.2496699.4915679.79623980.31

7500010002302.2461855.9751129.6031149.2496699.4915679.79623980.31

8500010002302.2461855.9751129.6031149.2496699.4915679.79623980.31

9500010002302.2461855.9751129.6031149.2496699.4915679.79623980.31

10500010002302.2461855.9751129.6031149.2496699.4915679.79623980.31

Sheet2

Sheet3

Observables from laser spectroscopy---and its link to nuclear information

SpinParity

MagneticMoment

Shell evolution/Magicity

Correlations/deformation

Providing complementary nuclear information!

PRL110(2013)172503, PRL 203(2009)142501

Input for nuclear theories Nat. Phys. 12(2016)596; Nat. Phys.15(2019)432

PRL 116(2016)032501, Nat. Phys. 14(2018)1163

QuadrupoleMoments

Charge Radii

Halo, astrophysics…PRL 112, 162502 (2014);PRL 119(2017)122502

10

11

Contents


Laser spectroscopy techniques and recent highlights



Production of radioactive beams

• ISOLDE@CERN• GANIL-SPIRA@GANIL• ISAC@TRIUMF• EUROSOL@EU (planned)• BISOL @CIAE/PKU(Planned)

• FAIR@GSI• FRIB@MSU• BigRIPS, RIPIS@RIKEN• HIAF@IMP (Funded)

High energyLow energy

Phys. Scr. T152 (2013) 014023 (24pp)

e.g. Ca,Zn,Kr,U

e.g. 1H,2H

Phys. Scr. T152 (2013) 014023 (24pp)

Laser spectroscopy methods

Ion detectionPhoton detection

Single laser beam Multiple laser beams

-Laser spectroscopy of trapped atoms………

-In source spectroscopy-In gas cell/ gas-jet spectroscopy………

J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 37 (2010) 113101 ; Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 86, 127 (2016).

GS

Ex

GS

Ex

IP

-Collinear laser spectroscopy -Collinear resonant ionization

13

Collinear laser spectroscopy

In source spectroscopy

Ion/atom trap(e.g MOT )

In-gas-cell/Jet

=>polarized beam=>decay/β-NMR

=> Laser ion source

Laser spectroscopy techniques

GS

Ex

GS

Ex=>decay/application

GS

Ex

IP

GS

Ex

IP

=> Laser ion source

J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 37 (2010) 113101 (38pp)Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 86, 127 (2016).


In-gas-cell/Jet


In-gas-cell/Jet

200 MHz< 10 ions/sI, u,

Laser spectroscopy techniques


In source spectroscopy

CERN-ISOLDE（COLLAPS/CRIS）


Collinear resonantionization spectroscopy

Polarized RI beamusing laser techniques

RI beams producedusing laser ion sources

http://isolde.web.cern.ch

http://isolde.web.cern.ch/

18

Collinear laser spectroscopy (COLLAPS)

Collinear : High resolution Photon detec.: Sensitivity 103 pps

http://collaps.web.cern.ch/

GS

Ex

5 μs

RFQ 211

transition laserβν νβ

−=

−2 40

2 20

1( )

M cUq M c

β = −+

19

Collinear ionization laser spectroscopy（CRIS）

Collinear: High resolution Ion detection: Higher sensitivity

http://isolde-cris.web.cern.ch/isolde-cris/

GS

Ex

IP

R.P. De Groote et al.,PRL. 115 (2015) 132501

2014: 20 MHz Fr 2016: 20 ions/s 78Cu

R.P. De Groote et al.,PRL C96(2017)041302(R)

http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.132501

20

48,52,54Ca: K, Sc, Ca

68,78Ni : Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge…Ni: PRL124(2020)132502;Cu: Nat.Phy16(2020)620;Zn: PLB797(2019)134805;Cu: PRC96(2017)041302(R);Zn: PRC97(2019)044324Zn: PLB771(2017) 385;Zn: PRL116(2016)182502 ；

Ca: NP12(2016) 594；Ca: PPC750(2015)041304(R); K: PRC100(2019)034304；

Nat.Phy.12(2016) 594

The 52Ca Might Have Just Lost Its 'Magic' Status

Sn:PRL122(2019)192502Cd:PRL121 (2018)102501In: PRX8(2018)041005Cd:PRL116(2016) 032501

• http://collaps.web.cern.ch/people• http://isolde-cris.web.cern.ch/isolde-cris/• With strong collaboration with theoretical collages

Research interests （COLLAPS/CRIS）*Radioactive molecules* Nature581(2020)396

100,132Sn : In, Sn, Sb…

21

100,132Sn : In, Sn, Sb…

48,52,54Ca: K, Sc, Ca

68,78Ni : Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge…𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓K𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑

(Z=32)K: A.Koszorus, X.Yang* et al., PRC100(2019)034304A.Koszorus, X.Yang* et al., (in preparation)A.Koszorus*, X.Yang* et al., (Submitted to Nat.Phys)(Z=21) Sc: S.W. Bai, X. Yang* et al (In preparation）

62-80Zn:-X.Yang* et al., PRL116 (2016) 182502

(Editor’s suggestion)-C. Wraith, X.Yang* et al., PLB 771(2017)385-X.Yang* et al., PRC. 97 (2018) 044324-L. Xie, X.Yang* et al, PLB 797(2019)124805(Z=32)Ge: A. Kanellakopoulos, X.Yang* et al.,(in preparation）

Research interests （COLLAPS/CRIS）

22

“New magic numbers” (N = 32, N = 34)!!

Wienholtz et al, Nature, 2013 Rosenbusch et al., PRL, 2015

K, Ca (Z = 19,21): S2n

Steppenbeck et al, Nature 2013 (RIKEN)

Ca (Z = 20) : E(2+)

PRL 114, 252501 (2015)

Ar (Z = 18) : E(2+)

Theory N=32 (Ca) N=34 (Ca) Ref.

Shell model GXPF1A, KB3GE(2+), S2n

GXPF1BrE(2+)

PRC 65, 061301(R) (2002) JPS Conf. Proc. 6 (2015) 010007Nature 498,346(2013)

Shell modelChiral EFT (3N)

MBPTE(2+), S2n

MBPTE(2+)

Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 2015. 65

Ab initioChiral EFT (3N)

CCE(2+), S2n

CCE(2+)

Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 2015. 65

Beyond MF E(2+) PRL 99, 062501 (2007)

23

“New magic numbers” (N = 32, N = 34)!!??

24

Garcia Ruiz et al, PRC 91 041304 (2015)

Garcia Ruiz et al, Nature Physics 2016, Kreim et al, PLB 2014

“New magic numbers” (N = 32, N = 34) ??

?

Theoretical challenges

A.Koszorus, X.F. Yang* et al., PRC100, 034304 (2019): Reaching higher precision of ~1 MHz for light mass isotopes. 25

Charge radius of 52K (N=32 magic?) δν𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨′ = 𝑀𝑀𝐴𝐴

′−𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴′

+𝐹𝐹 δ𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨′

26

Charge radius of 52K (N=32 magic?)

• CRIS for 47-51K< 2 hours

• CRIS for 52K

27


• CRIS for 52K

28


Cross N = 32 for the first time!!

• New F, M largely reduced the systematic errors

• The increased radii at N =32 has similar trend for open-shell e.g. Mn

• No sign of magicity atN=32

New Journal of Physics 22, 012001(2020)

29


R.F. Garcia Ruiz et al., Nat.Phys.12(2016) 594

！

Ab initio CC （NNLOsat)Fitting to the data of binding energies and radii of selected nuclei up to mass number A = 25.

SRG1 and SRG2Fitting only to properties of A≤4

Newly developed ΔNNLOgo• Fitting only to properties of A≤4

and nuclear saturation properties• Includes pion-physics and effects of

the (1232) isobar.

Improved CC method• start from a symmetry-breaking

reference state• Allow to calculate the radii of whole

K chain

2016

2020

http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nphys3645

30

Contents


Laser spectroscopy techniques and recent highlights



31

World-wide RI beam facilities

32

TRIUMF FRIBATLAS

GANIL

GSICERN BRIF-BISOL

HAIFRIKEN

RAON

ALTO

CFBS

LaSpec

CARIBU

LUMIERE

HELIOS

BECOLA

CRIS COLLAPS

RILIS

VITO

RILIS

IGISOL

RILIS

CLS/RILIS

SLOWRI

OROCHIHIRFL

HIAF-CLS

operation under construction/test planned

Nuclear properties Laser ion source Application

World-wide laser spectroscopy

BISOL-CLS

Development of laser spectroscopy

33

First application：BRIF@CIAE （北京放射性离子装置）

First online measurement！！

Available beams

BRIF

平面图

• 100 MeV proton beam (200uA) +Target

• kW ISOL Target +online separator

34

Light detection

CEC

laser

RIbeam


Ion beam

Layout around BRIF

Photon detectionGS

Ex

35

beam

Ion optics

Coupling of laser and ion

Layout of laser spectroscopy at BRIF


Supported by NFSC Nuclear Technology Innovation Joint Fund!!

“Exotic structure”

“New observables”

104 103 102 101FWHM（MHz）

Sens

itivi

ty（

pps）

103

102

101

100

⁄𝝁𝝁 𝜹𝜹 r𝟓𝟓 𝑰𝑰,𝑸𝑸𝒔𝒔, r𝟓𝟓𝟏𝟏/𝟓𝟓

In-source

Collinear

FWHM：

Sub-atomic Particle Detection Laboratory

38

DetectorRoom

Laser lab

Col

linea

r la

ser

spec

tros

copy

Offline laser spectroscopy lab

SKLSub-atomic Particle Detection Laboratory

3939

Offline laser spectroscopy lab

40

Final goal: To be applied at the new facilities at theirearly stage

“HIAF”

Under construction

“BISOL”

Planned

High-Intensity Heavy Ion Accelerator Facility

Beijing Isotope-Separation-On-Line

41

Summary and outlook!!

• Laser spectroscopy is a powerful tool to access multiple nuclear properties of exotic isotopes.

• For the exotic nuclear structure study in different mass region of nuclear chart.

• Continues efforts are still on going toward a higher resolution and higher sensitivity.

• Important benchmark for the test and development of state-of-art nuclear theory.

Potentially have many aspects of applications using RI beams

42

“An atomic nucleus is an elephant”Prof. Jacek Dobaczewski

Joint efforts！！

43

https://collaps.web.cern.ch

http://isolde-cris.web.cern.ch/isolde-cris/

J. Billowes, C. Binnersley, T.E. Cocolios, G. Farooq-Smith, K.T. Flanagan, W. Gins, K.M. Lynch,S. Franchoo, M. Bissell, R.P. De Groote, R.F. Garcia Ruiz, A. KoszorusG. Neyens, C. Ricketts, H.H. Stroke, A. Vernon, K. Wendt, S. Wilkins, X.F Yang

M. Bissell, K. Blaum, B. Cheal, R.F. Garcia Rniz, C. Gorges, H. Heyle ,S. Kanfma , M. Kowalska, S. Malbrunot-Ettenauer, R. Nengart, G. Neyens,W. Nortershanser, L. Vazqnez-Rodrignez, X.F. Yang, D. Yordanov

44

Experimental Nuclear Physics Group

http://genp.pku.edu.cn/News.html

Sep. 22th, 2019

45

http://genp.pku.edu.cn/LPNP/research.html

Laser Spectroscopy and Nuclear properties

46

Thanks for your attention!

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用于原子核基本性质测量的激光核谱技术 -...

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