THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE

COLUMBIAN EXCHANGEWIDESPREAD EXCHANGE OF

ANIMALS, PLANTS, CULTURE, HUMAN POPULATIONS (INCLUDING SLAVES), COMMUNICABLE DISEASE, AND IDEAS BETWEEN THE EASTERN AND WESTERN HEMISPHERES (OLD WORLD AND NEW WORLD).

New World native plants. Clockwise, from top left: 1. Maize, 2. Tomato, 3. Potato, 4. Vanilla, 5. Pará rubber tree, 6. Cacao, 7. Tobacco

Old World native plants. Clockwise, from top left: 1. Citrus, 2. Apple, 3. Banana, 4.Mango, 5. Onion, 6.Coffee, 7. Wheat, 8.Rice

THE ATLANTIC SLAVE TRADE• REFERS TO THE TRADE IN SLAVES THAT TOOK PLACE

ACROSS THE ATLANTIC OCEAN FROM THE 16TH THROUGH TO THE 19TH CENTURIES.

TRIANGLE OF TRADE IN THE ATLANTIC OCEAN

• THE VAST MAJORITY OF SLAVES INVOLVED IN THE ATLANTIC TRADE WERE AFRICANS FROM THE CENTRAL AND WESTERN PARTS OF THE CONTINENT, WHO WERE SOLD BY AFRICANS TO EUROPEAN SLAVE TRADERS, WHO TRANSPORTED THEM ACROSS THE OCEAN TO THE COLONIES IN NORTH AND SOUTH AMERICA.

MAJOR SLAVE TRADING REGIONS OF AFRICA, 15TH–19TH CENTURIES

SLAVE TRADERS IN GORÉE, SENEGAL, 18TH CENTURY

DIAGRAM OF A SLAVE SHIP FROM THE ATLANTIC SLAVE TRADE. FROM AN ABSTRACT OF EVIDENCE DELIVERED BEFORE A SELECT COMMITTEE OF THE HOUSE OF COMMONS IN 1790 AND 1791.

• SLAVES WERE FORCED TO LABOR ON COFFEE, TOBACCO, COCOA, COTTON AND SUGAR PLANTATIONS, TOIL IN GOLD AND SILVER MINES, IN RICE FIELDS, THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY, TIMBER FOR SHIPS, OR IN HOUSES TO WORK AS SERVANTS.