computer graphics
DESCRIPTION
Computer Graphics. Panos Trahanias e-mail: [email protected]. ΗΥ358 Spring 2009. Ιστορική Αναδρομή. Architecture of a Vector Display. Ιστορική Αναδρομή. Architecture of a Raster Display. Ιστορική Αναδρομή. Random scan versus raster scan. Conceptual Framework of CG. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 2: Computer Graphics](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813675550346895d9e00bb/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Ιστορική Αναδρομή
Architecture of a Vector Display
![Page 3: Computer Graphics](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813675550346895d9e00bb/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Ιστορική Αναδρομή
Architecture of a Raster Display
![Page 4: Computer Graphics](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813675550346895d9e00bb/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Ιστορική Αναδρομή
Random scan versus raster scan
![Page 5: Computer Graphics](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813675550346895d9e00bb/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Conceptual Framework of CG
![Page 6: Computer Graphics](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813675550346895d9e00bb/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Line Drawing – Midpoint Algorithm
![Page 7: Computer Graphics](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813675550346895d9e00bb/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Line Drawing – Midpoint Algorithm
![Page 8: Computer Graphics](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813675550346895d9e00bb/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Line Drawing – Midpoint Algorithm
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Line Drawing – Midpoint Algorithm
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Line Drawing – Midpoint Algorithm
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Line Drawing – Midpoint Algorithm
![Page 12: Computer Graphics](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813675550346895d9e00bb/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Line Drawing – Midpoint Algorithm
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Circle Drawing – Midpoint Algorithm
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Circle Drawing – Midpoint Algorithm
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Circle Drawing – Midpoint Algorithm
Eight-way symmetry
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Circle Drawing – Midpoint Algorithm
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Circle Drawing – Midpoint Algorithm
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Circle Drawing – Midpoint Algorithm
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Circle Drawing – Midpoint Algorithm
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Circle Drawing – Midpoint Algorithm
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Ellipse Drawing – Midpoint Algorithm
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Ellipse Drawing – Midpoint Algorithm
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Ellipse Drawing – Midpoint Algorithm
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Antialiasing – Midpoint Line Algorithm
Increasing Resolution
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Antialiasing – Midpoint Line Algorithm
Unweighted Area Sampling
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Antialiasing – Midpoint Line Algorithm
Properties of Unweighted Area Sampling: Intensity of a pixel intersected by a line decreases as
the distance between the pixel center and the edge increases.
A primitive (e.g. line) does not influence a pixel at all if they are not intersected.
Equal areas contribute equal intensity, regardless of the distance between the pixel’s center and the area.
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Antialiasing – Midpoint Line Algorithm
Unweighted Area Sampling: Box Filter
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Antialiasing – Midpoint Line Algorithm
Weighted Area Sampling: Cone Filter
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Antialiasing – Midpoint Line Algorithm
Dramatic Effects of the cone filter.
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Antialiasing – Midpoint Line Algorithm
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Antialiasing – Midpoint Line Algorithm
![Page 32: Computer Graphics](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813675550346895d9e00bb/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Antialiasing – Midpoint Line Algorithm
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Antialiasing – Midpoint Line Algorithm
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Polygon Filling
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Polygon Filling
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Polygon Filling
Calculation of Span Extrema
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Polygon Filling
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Polygon Filling
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Polygon Filling
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Polygon Filling
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Polygon Filling
Polygon Filling Algorithm
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Polygon Filling
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Filling Ellipse Arcs
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Clipping Lines
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Clipping Lines
Cohen-Sutherland Line-Clipping Algorithm
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Clipping Lines
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Clipping Lines
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Clipping Lines
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Clipping Lines
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Clipping Lines
Parametric Line-Clipping Algorithm
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Clipping Lines
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Clipping Lines
![Page 53: Computer Graphics](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813675550346895d9e00bb/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Clipping Lines
![Page 54: Computer Graphics](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813675550346895d9e00bb/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Geometrical Transformations
2D Transformations - Translation
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Geometrical Transformations
2D Transformations - Scaling
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Geometrical Transformations
2D Transformations - Rotation
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Geometrical Transformations
Homogeneous Coordinates
The XYW homogeneous coordinate space, with the W=1 plane and point P(X,Y,W) projected onto the W=1 plane.
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Geometrical Transformations
2D Transformations – Affine Transformations
45o rotation and then nonuniform scaling of the unit cube. The result is an affine transformation.
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Geometrical Transformations
2D Transformations – Shear Transformations
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Geometrical Transformations
Composition of 2D Transformations
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Geometrical Transformations
2D Transformations – the Window-to-Viewport Transformation
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Geometrical Transformations
2D Transformations – the Window-to-Viewport Transformation
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Geometrical Transformations
2D Transformations – the Window-to-Viewport Transformation
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Geometrical Transformations
3D Transformations – Coordinate Systems
Right-handed Coordinate System
Left-handed Coordinate System
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Geometrical Transformations
Composition of 3D Transformations
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Geometrical Transformations
Composition of 3D Transformations – 1st Approach
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Geometrical Transformations
Composition of 3D Transformations – 2nd Approach
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Geometrical Transformations
Composition of 3D Transformations
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Viewing in 3D
Conceptual model of 3D viewing
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Viewing in 3D
Projections - Projectors
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Viewing in 3D
Perspective Projections – 1-point PP
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Viewing in 3D
Perspective Projections – 2-point PP
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Viewing in 3D
Parallel Projections
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Viewing in 3D
Parallel Projections – Isometric Projection
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Viewing in 3D
Parallel Projections – Oblique Projection
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Viewing in 3D
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Viewing in 3D
Specifying an Arbitrary 3D View
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Viewing in 3D
Specifying an Arbitrary 3D View
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Viewing in 3D
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Viewing in 3D
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Viewing in 3D
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Viewing in 3D
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Viewing in 3D
The Mathematics of Planar Geometric Projections
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Viewing in 3D
Alternative Perspective Projection
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Viewing in 3D
Alternative Perspective Projection
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Viewing in 3D
Implementation of Planar Geometric Projections
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Viewing in 3D
Implementation of 3D Viewing
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Viewing in 3D
Parallel Projection
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Viewing in 3D
Parallel Projection
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Viewing in 3D
Parallel Projection
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Viewing in 3D
Parallel Projection
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Viewing in 3D
Shearing Matrix
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Viewing in 3D
Final Translation / Scaling Step
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Viewing in 3D
Perspective Projection
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Viewing in 3D
Perspective Projection
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Viewing in 3D
Perspective Projection
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Viewing in 3D
Perspective Projection
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Viewing in 3D
Perspective Projection
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Viewing in 3D
Perspective Projection
Step 4 - Shear
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Viewing in 3D
Perspective Projection
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Viewing in 3D
Perspective Projection
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Viewing in 3D
Perspective Projection
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Viewing in 3D
Implementation Summary
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Visible Surface Determination
Image Precision Approaches Object Precision Approaches
for (each pixel in the image) {
determine the object closest to the viewer that is pierced by the projector through the pixel;
draw the pixel in the appropriate color;
}
for (each object in the world) {
determine those parts of the object whose view is unobstructed by other parts of it or any other object;
draw those parts in the appropriate color;
}
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Techniques for Efficient Visible-surface Algorithms
Extents and Bounding Volumes
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Techniques for Efficient Visible-surface Algorithms
Back-face Culling
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Z-Buffer Algorithm
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Z-Buffer Algorithm
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Z-Buffer Algorithm
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Scan-Line Algorithms
Much like polygon scan-conversion algorithms
Each ET entry contains
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Scan-Line Algorithms
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Scan-Line Algorithms
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Scan-Line Algorithms
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Scan-Line Algorithms
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Scan-Line Algorithms
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Scan-Line Algorithms
Pseudocode for a general scan-line algorithm
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Visible-Surface Ray Tracing
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Visible-Surface Ray Tracing
Pseudocode for a simple ray tracer
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Visible-Surface Ray Tracing
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Visible-Surface Ray Tracing
Anti-alised ray tracing
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
List-Priority Algorithms
The Depth-Sort Algorithm
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
List-Priority Algorithms
Depth Comparisons
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
List-Priority Algorithms
The Depth-Sort Algorithm – Tests to resolve ambiguities
The Depth-Sort Algorithm – Tests with polygons reversed
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
List-Priority Algorithms
The Depth-Sort Algorithm – Results of Tests
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
List-Priority Algorithms
The Depth-Sort Algorithm – Unnecessary polygon split
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Illumination and Shading
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Illumination and ShadingDiffuse Reflection
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Illumination and Shading
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Illumination and Shading
Atmospheric Attenuation
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Illumination and Shading
Depth Cueing
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Illumination and Shading
Specular Reflection
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Illumination and Shading
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Illumination and Shading
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Illumination and Shading
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Illumination and Shading
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Illumination and Shading
Surface Normals
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Illumination and Shading
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Illumination and Shading
Normal Vector Interpolation
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Illumination and Shading
Gouraud Shading – Phong Shading
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Illumination and Shading
Texture Mapping
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Illumination and Shading
Scan-line Shadow Algorithm
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Illumination and Shading
Two-Pass Object Precision Shadow Algorithm
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Illumination and Shading
Transparency
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Panos Trahanias: Computer Graphics
Illumination and Shading
Calculating the refraction vector