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CSTSABEA.A. 2019/20

HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE_I

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Dr. Manlio MICHIELETTO

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Column base, Basilique Notre-Dame de la Paix, 1986

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INDEX

1. Geography2. History

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1. Geography

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2. HistoryChristopher Columbus arrived in the West Indies in 1492 ata time when European architecture was undergoing adramatic change from the Gothic of the late Middle Ages tothe Renaissance.

To understand this change, we must examine the designculture then developing in Italy.

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2. HistoryWhile both France and England were unified monarchies bythe end of the Middle Ages, Italy remained an assemblage offractious but vigorous city-states and fiefdoms.

Civic life in the principal Italian city-states becamedominated by families whose wealth arose not from inheritedlandholdings but from mercantile profits.

Nowhere was this change more dramatic than in Florence,the city regarded as the birthplace of the Renaissance.

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2. HistoryHere, the newly wealthy wool merchants and bankers soughtprestige and status through their patronage of arts andletters, and artists and architects displayed this supportthrough their development of new forms in painting,sculpture and architecture.

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2. HistoryThe spirit of these revolutionary works was derived from thenew world view of humanism, which celebrated rationalityand mankind’s ability to make and act upon empiricalobservations of the physical world.

Humanist scholars and artists recovered classical Greek andRoman texts and aspired to create a modern workd rivalingthat of the ancients.

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2. HistoryDE ARCHITECTURA

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2. HistoryFILIPPO BRUNELLESCHI (1377-1446)During his stay in Rome, and perhaps as a means to recordmore accurately what he saw, Brunelleschi codified theprinciples of geometrically accurate linear perspective,making possible the exact represantation of a threedimensional object on a two-dimensional surface.

His development of this new system of spatial representationhad a profound effect on art, architecture, and civic designduring and after the Renaissance.

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2. HistoryFILIPPO BRUNELLESCHI – FLORENCE CATHEDRALBy 1407 Brunelleschi was again living in Florence.The cathedral was begun in 1292 and stopped to the levelof the octagonal drum, from which a dome reaching nearly150 feet (45m) on the diagonal was to spring, but withoutanyone having a firm idea about how to achieve such ahuge span.

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2. HistoryFILIPPO BRUNELLESCHI – FLORENCE CATHEDRALBrunelleschi drew upon his knowledge of ancient Romanconstruction as well as lingering Gothic traditions to producean innovative synthesis.

In order to reduce the outward thrust, he employed a Gothicpointed-arch cross section instead of a semicircular one.

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2. HistoryFILIPPO BRUNELLESCHI – FLORENCE CATHEDRAL

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2. HistoryFILIPPO BRUNELLESCHI – FLORENCE CATHEDRALIn order to reduce the dead load, he created a double shellof radial and concentric ribs, a strategy traceable both toancient monuments such as the Pantheon and to Florentinemedieval work such as the nearby cathedral baptestery.

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2. HistoryFILIPPO BRUNELLESCHI – FLORENCE CATHEDRAL

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2. HistoryOTHER FLORENTINE BUILDINGSIn both S. Lorenzo and S. Spirito, Brunelleschi sought toaccomodate the traditional practical requirements of hisclients within a unifying system of mathematical proportions.

At both churches, the square bay of the aisles defines amodule that is repeated throughout.

Carefully proportioned Roman Elements such as thesemicircular arch, Corinthian columns, and coffering imparta classical monumentality to the interiors of both churches.

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2. HistoryOTHER FLORENTINE BUILDINGS

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2. HistoryOTHER FLORENTINE BUILDINGS

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2. HistoryOTHER FLORENTINE BUILDINGS: PALAZZO MEDICI

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2. HistoryLEON BATTISTA ALBERTIIn contrast to the pragmatic and technically skilledBrunelleschi, Leon Battista Alberti (1404-1472) was aclassical theorist who saw architecture as a way to addresssocietal order.

The Renaissance architect, in Alberti’s mind, was to be auniversalist, an intellectual, a man of genius, and a consortof those in positions of power and authority.

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2. HistoryLEON BATTISTA ALBERTI: PALAZZO RUCELLAI

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2. HistoryLEON BATTISTA ALBERTI: SANTA MARIA NOVELLA

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2. HistoryLEON BATTISTA ALBERTI: CHURCHES

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2. HistoryLEON BATTISTA ALBERTI: CHURCHES

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2. HistoryLEON BATTISTA ALBERTI: CHURCHES

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2. HistoryLEONARDO DA VINCI

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2. HistoryBRAMANTE

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2. HistoryST. PETER’S

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2. HistoryST. PETER’S

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2. HistoryANDREA PALLADIOAndrea Palladio was born Andrea di Pietro della Gondola in1508 and was trained as a stonemason.

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2. HistoryANDREA PALLADIOSome of Palladio’s palazzo designs in Vicenza reflect hisRoman experiences.

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2. HistoryANDREA PALLADIO

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2. HistoryANDREA PALLADIO: PALAZZO CHIERICATI - VICENZA

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2. HistoryANDREA PALLADIO: PALAZZO CHIERICATI - VICENZA

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2. HistoryANDREA PALLADIORather than his urban houses, it was Palladio’s villa designsthat gained him such a wide following among laterarchitects.

Unlike most Renaissance villas, his country estates weregenerally working farms owned by the younger sons ofVenetian nobles.

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2. HistoryANDREA PALLADIO: VILLA MASER BARBARO

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2. HistoryANDREA PALLADIO: VILLA MASER BARBARO

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2. HistoryANDREA PALLADIO: VILLA MALCONTENTA

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2. HistoryANDREA PALLADIO: VILLA MALCONTENTA

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2. HistoryANDREA PALLADIO: VILLA LA ROTONDA

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2. HistoryANDREA PALLADIO: VILLA LA ROTONDA

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2. HistoryANDREA PALLADIO: TEATRO OLIMPICO

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2. HistoryANDREA PALLADIO: TEATRO OLIMPICO

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2. HistoryANDREA PALLADIO: S. GIORGIO MAGGIORE - VENICE

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2. HistoryANDREA PALLADIO: VENICE

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2. HistoryGIULIO ROMANO

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2. HistoryGIULIO ROMANO

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2. HistoryGIULIO ROMANO

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cstmanlio@gmail.com

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